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1
Jaramillo, Martinez Diana. "Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Nervous Necrosis Virus." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13088.
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Viral Nervous Necrosis (VNN) is a globally distributed disease that affects a large number of finfish species, causing significant economic losses on affected farms. The causative agent is a small single stranded RNA virus called Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV) from the genus Betanodavirus. NNV is neurotropic; clinical signs involve abnormal behaviour and high mortality associated with histopathological findings of vacuolating necrosis in the central nervous system and retina. In Australia, NNV has been isolated from Australian bass (Macquaria Novemaculeata) and barramundi (Lates calcarifer) populations recurrently for the past 10 and 25 years, respectively. However, the prognosis of NNV infection is highly variable. Although NNV became notorious for mass mortalities in marine fish hatcheries, it is often detected in apparently healthy individuals in the absence of clinical signs or histopathological lesions. Current knowledge on NNV epidemiology and pathogenesis is fragmentary. It is still unclear how the virus is transmitted between hosts and why some individuals are susceptible to VNN while others are not. The aim of this work was to study the epidemiology and pathogenesis of NNV in Australian native species with a focus on transmission and disease determinants to provide a basis for the development of prevention and control strategies. In Chapter 3, a partially retrospective study was conducted on the occurrence of NNV at the Darwin Aquaculture Centre (DAC), a barramundi hatchery. Observations on NNV detection frequency and distribution provided clues to the possible transmission pathways of the virus, including the potential role of broodstock as reservoirs, and the age-dependency of the disease. To assess the NNV exposure distribution among populations of adult fish, an indirect antibody detection ELISA was developed (Chapter 4). The assay was optimized and compared with a competitive ELISA format to provide the best discriminatory power between sera from immunized and non-immunized populations. After defining the best antibody detection protocol (the indirect ELISA), the diagnostic accuracy of the assay was assessed in naturally exposed subjects using a Bayesian approach in the absence of a gold standard (Chapter 5). After validation of the ELISA, a single point and repeated cross sectional analysis of NNV seroprevalence was conducted on native Australian adult fish populations (barramundi, Australian bass and groupers Epinephelus sp.) (Chapter 6). Survey results discredited the role of broodstock as NNV reservoirs based on the lack of correspondence between NNV seroprevalence and the occurrence of NNV outbreaks at the hatchery level. Results also suggested that the exposure of adult fish to NNV antigens must be progressive as seroconversion was often observed and the seroprevalence tended to be higher in older fish populations. From this and previous accumulated epidemiological evidence, horizontal transmission of NNV was considered most likely. An environmental reservoir outside the hatcheries has yet to be investigated. In Chapter 7, the factors influencing the pathogenesis of NNV in barramundi were explored. Juveniles of different ages were challenged by immersion to analyse the influence of the age of the host on VNN disease expression. Additionally, to test the influence of the virus isolate, juveniles were challenged with two inoculums obtained from NNV outbreaks in barramundi populations with different disease presentation (clinical and subclinical). Results showed that fish from all the age groups tested (range 20 to 63 days post hatch) were susceptible to NNV infection. However, the survival of the fish following NNV challenge was highly influenced by the age of the host. Juveniles of 5 weeks of age and older showed no clinical signs and their survival odds were the same as the non-challenged controls, whereas younger fish developed clinical disease. No significant effect on disease severity was noted between different NNV isolates. In Chapter 8, the factors influencing the pathogenesis of NNV in Australian bass were explored. In addition to the age of the host and the isolate factor, the influence of the dose of the virus and the water temperature on VNN expression was examined. As with barramundi, the disease expression in Australian bass was age dependent. The severity of the disease was affected by the water temperature in younger fish but it did not affect the outcome in fish above 5 weeks of age. The dose of the virus influenced the incidence of infection but not the severity of the disease expression. Again, no significant effect on disease severity was noted between the two isolates tested. From the experimental challenge of barramundi and Australian bass, further observations on NNV pathogenesis were provided: incubation period, minimum infectious dose, tissue distribution, shedding and humoral immune response. The results from this study narrow the knowledge gap on NNV transmission mechanisms and provide important insights into the virus pathogenesis in barramundi and Australian bass. The virus is most likely being transmitted horizontally and VNN disease expression as distinct from infection with NNV is highly age dependent. From this evidence, recommendations are made on the direction of efforts to control VNN at the farm level.
2
Majid, Safwat. "Åtgärder för ökad markanvändning i solcellspark : En tekno-ekonomisk fallstudie om potentialen hos bifacial och solföljare i Solpark Fyrislund." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Solcellsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447110.
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Solar parks are increasingly getting a larger market share of PV installations over the world, and have for the last couple of years managed to establish itself in the Swedish market. The market has for a long time been known for its decline in module prices, which has allowed an emergence of more efficient PV-techniques such as one-axis trackers and bifacial modules. Bifacial modules use the backside of modules for improved utiliziation of incoming light, while one-axis trackers have the ability to track the sun in order to maximise light absorption. These innovations have now caught the interest of companies willing to invest in large-scale PV-farms, where efficient land use is highly regarded. The aim of this thesis was to examine how bifacial modules and one-axis trackers perform in terms of system performance and profitabilty if implemented in 'Solpark Fyrislund', a solar park owned by Vasakronan AB. This was done by modelling and simulating cases in which said techniques were incorporated. The data was later used to estimate profitabilty of each investigated case. Results showed that the highest system performance and profitability was achieved by installing bifacial modules on the site. One-axis trackers are currently too expensive, require higher maintenance and has a higher demand for land, resulting in its profitability not being justified. It was also found that the current configuration could be optimized further for higher profit, by slightly reducing the pitch as well as increasing the tilt of the existing modules. The study should be followed up by further investigating the use of backtracking for one-axis trackers. Said innovations should also be more established in the Swedish market so that CAPEX- and OPEX prices become more accessible.
3
Asensio, Javier. "Pirólisis térmica y catalítica de la nicotina y NNK y NNN, dos nitrosaminas específicas del tabaco." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/113921.
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El carácter adictivo del tabaco se debe fundamentalmente a la nicotina, mientras que su toxicidad se debe a una serie de sustancias tales como el monóxido de carbono, 1,3-butadieno, hidrocarburos policíclicos aromáticos (PAH) y las nitrosaminas específicas del tabaco (TSNAs), entre otros. La reducción de la toxicidad del humo del tabaco a través de la reducción de la emisión de los productos más problemáticos o la modificación de su composición en conjunto resultan alternativas muy interesantes, mientras se consigue la eliminación de este hábito. Se han localizado trabajos en la literatura encaminados a este fin. Con este objetivo, nuestro grupo de investigación lleva más de quince años estudiando el efecto que ciertos materiales micro y mesoporosos mezclados con el tabaco producen sobre la composición del humo obtenido en el proceso de fumado. En este sentido, en los últimos años se ha puesto de manifiesto la eficacia que presentan algunos silicatos mesoporosos, tales como SBA-15 y MCM-41 en la reducción de los alquitranes y la mayoría de los compuestos presentes en el humo del tabaco. Es por ello que se ha considerado que conocer el comportamiento de determinados compuestos específicos presentes en el humo de tabaco, como son la nicotina y dos nitrosaminas específicas del tabaco (NNK y NNN), los productos que se generan en su pirólisis y combustión, así como el efecto de los materiales mesoporosos mencionados en los procesos que tienen lugar durante el fumado del tabaco, sería de gran interés, y permitiría ayudar a diseñar productos de toxicidad reducida y menor carácter adictivo. A este respecto se han localizado muy escasos artículos en la bibliografía. Por todo ello, en el presente trabajo se aborda esta problemática y se plantea el estudio de la pirólisis de las dos nitrosaminas específicas del tabaco más cancerígenas, como son la 4-(N-metilnitrosoamino)-1-(3-piridinil)-butanona (NNK) y la N-nitrosonornicotina (NNN) mediante dos técnicas, TGA/FTIR y EGA/PY-GC/MS que son capaces de realizar experimentos a las velocidades de calefacción tan dispares que se dan en el proceso de fumado y tanto atmósfera inerte como atmósfera oxidante. También se estudia el comportamiento de la nicotina en EGA/PY-GC/MS, con objeto de completar el ya realizado por nuestro grupo de investigación la técnica de TGA/FTIR. Se estudia el efecto que producen tres silicatos mesoporosos (dos SBA-15 y un MCM-41) que presentan propiedades texturales y morfológicas diferentes, en la pirólisis catalítica de los tres compuestos anteriormente mencionados. Además, se analiza el efecto de la temperatura y la atmósfera (inerte y oxidante), en la degradación de la nicotina y las dos nitrosaminas mencionadas, y en la composición de los gases generados tras su descomposición. Se ha comprobado que en atmósfera oxidante los procesos de descomposición suceden a temperaturas más bajas, siendo especialmente notable este efecto en el caso de la nicotina. Así mismo, la presencia de los tres catalizadores favorece los procesos de descomposición de estos compuestos en ambas atmósferas, modifican la distribución de productos y favorecen la formación de residuo carbonoso. Los principales productos de descomposición de la nicotina en atmósfera inerte son la 3-etil-piridina, la miosmina y, especialmente la 3-vinilpiridina, que aumentan su contribución al aumentar la temperatura. Algunos compuestos como la miosmina presentan un máximo en su evolución, lo que indica que experimentan procesos de craqueo. En atmósfera oxidante se produce un cambio muy significativo en la distribución de productos, además de la mayor reactividad ya mencionada. Los productos mayoritarios pasan a ser la 3-cianopiridina, la nicotirina, la miosmina, el dióxido de carbono y el agua. La 3-cianopiridina y la 3-hidroxipiridina, muestran una tendencia creciente con la temperatura, mientras que el resto de los compuestos presentan evidencias de reacciones secundarias, poniendo de manifiesto que la presencia de oxígeno en el medio favorece las reacciones de descomposición de la nicotina y de muchos de los productos generados. La nicotina genera cianuro de hidrógeno en ambas atmósferas. Los tres catalizadores estudiados aceleran el proceso de descomposición de la nicotina y conducen a una mayor formación de residuo carbonoso, siendo el MCM-41 el material que ocasiona un mayor efecto, probablemente debido a su mayor superficie específica y buena accesibilidad de su porosidad debida a su morfología (aunque presente un menor tamaño de poro que los otros catalizadores). En atmósfera inerte la presencia de SBA-15f (SBA-15 fibras), apenas modifica el comportamiento de la nicotina, mientras que tanto MCM-41 como SBA-15p (SBA-15 platelet) se reduce la formación de algunos compuestos como la 3-vinilpiridina, incrementándose la formación de otros como quinolina e isoquinolina. En atmósfera oxidante los cambios son más significativos, ya que todos los catalizadores favorecen las reacciones de oxidación y descarboxilación, incrementando la generación de dióxido de carbono y disminuyendo la formación de agua, especialmente MCM-41 y SBA15p. MCM-41 reduce notablemente la formación de 3-cianopiridina y de nicotirina al aumentar la temperatura, a diferencia de lo observado en la nicotina, tanto sola como en presencia de los dos SBA-15. Ambas nitrosaminas han presentado unos resultados en la línea de los comentados para la nicotina. Se ha observado que la degradación completa de ambos compuestos sucede a temperaturas ligeramente inferiores para atmósfera oxidante, y presenta variaciones en la composición de los gases generados. Se ha podido comprobar cómo, de los tres materiales estudiados, el MCM-41 es el que provoca mayor modificación de la degradación térmica de ambas nitrosaminas, favoreciendo la generación de residuo en atmósfera inerte. En cuanto a la composición de los productos generados tras la pirólisis de NNK, ambos SBA-15 han mostrado una modificación clara de la distribución de los mismos. También se ha podido observar como en el caso de la NNN, algunos de sus productos de descomposición reducen su contribución a máxima temperatura, observándose tendencias decrecientes y algún máximo en función de la temperatura. Por otro lado, los resultados de termogravimetría para ambas nitrosaminas se han ajustado a un sencillo modelo cinético que permite estimar las áreas de cada uno de los procesos de pérdida de peso observados, pudiéndose realizar de esta forma un análisis más claro del efecto de los catalizadores utilizados basado en las distintas fracciones asociadas a cada uno de los procesos. El caso de la NNK presenta tres procesos de pérdida de peso a 194, 299 y 368 ºC en atmósfera inerte y tres procesos a 208, 299 y 648 ºC en atmósfera oxidante, siendo el principal el que tiene lugar a 299 ºC con un 81.8 y 66.4 % de contribución relativa para atmósfera inerte y oxidante, respectivamente. La NNN ha mostrado dos procesos de pérdida de peso, a 190 y 218 ºC en atmósfera inerte y a 180 y 207 ºC en oxidante. Los tres materiales mesoporosos estudiados han mostrado, para ambas nitrosaminas, modificaciones en la temperatura e intensidad de los procesos observados. Este efecto se hace más notable en aire donde se observa un nuevo proceso térmico a altas temperaturas, siendo especialmente notable este efecto con MCM-41. El experimento con este material para la NNK ha presentado cuatro procesos de pérdida de peso a 197, 232, 281, 414 ºC para atmósfera inerte y oxidante, variando la contribución relativa entre ellos. En el caso de la NNN, el experimento con MCM-41 ha mostrado tres procesos a 190, 218 y 260 ºC para atmósfera inerte y a 180, 207 y a 610 ºC en atmósfera oxidante. Para ambas nitrosaminas en atmósfera oxidante, los gases analizados para los tres materiales han mostrado un aumento considerable (principalmente por el MCM-41) de las bandas de CO2 y CO a temperaturas elevadas, respecto al experimento sin catalizador. Este aumento se ha debido a la degradación oxidativa del residuo carbonoso generado.
4
Khadrah, S. "NNS/NNS interaction during task-based synchronous computer-mediated communication." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508026.
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Alquezar, Rose. "L'Espagne et l'Amérique latine dans l'hebdomadaire "Vendredi", nov. 1935-nov. 1938." Bordeaux 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR30007.
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L'etude de l'espagne et de l'amerique latine dans l'hebdomadaire vendredi permet de definir l'engagement des intellectuels de gauche pendant le front populaire, et tout particulierement leur position par rapport a la non-intervention. L'analyse du combat ideologique pendant la guerre d'espagne situe vendredi dans la presse francaise en le confrontant a ses deux adversaires directs : les hebdomadaires candide et gringoire, et permet de mettre en evidence les difficultes de l'action politique en faveur de l'intervention en espagne, difficultes liees au financement de la presse et a la manipulation de l'information en provenance d'espagne, au niveau de la transmission et des sources<br>The study of spain and latin america in the weekly vendredi allows the degree of commitment of left-wing intellectuals during the popular front to be defined, and in particular, their position in relation to the question of non-intervention. The analysis of the ideological combat during the spanish war situates vendredi within the french press, and confronts it with its direct opponents : the weeklies candide and gringoire. It also highlights the difficulties of political action in favour of intervention in spain : difficulties related to the financing of the press and the manipulation, during transmission and at source, of information coming from spain
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Alquezar, Rose. "L'Espagne et l'Amérique latine dans l'hebdomadaire "Vendredi", nov. 1935 - nov. 1938 /." Bordeaux : [s.n.], 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375648714.
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Iwashita, Noriko. "Comprehensible output in NNS-NNS interaction in Japanese as a foreign language." Connect to thesis, 1993. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1523.
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This study is a partial replication of Pica et al’s study (1989) of comprehensible output, and investigates comprehensible output in NNS-NNS interaction in Japanese as a Foreign Language. Data were collected using two different types of tasks (information gap and jigsaw tasks) in three sub-groups of different proficiency levels (High-High, Low-Low, and High-Low) in order to find out (1) to what extent the tasks provide opportunities for learners to modify their initial output in response to requests for clarification and confirmation, and (2) the extent to which learners actually modify their output in response to interlocutor requests.<br>The results show that comprehensible output is an important phenomenon in NNS-NNS interaction. Unlike the result of Pica et al, task types had more effect on opportunities for comprehensible output and actual production of comprehensible output than request types. Not much difference was found among different proficiency groups.
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Harfouche, Joyce. "Nouvelles méthodologies de synthèse de ligands NN, NNO, et nos chiraux : utilisation en catalyse asymétrique homogène pour la réduction de cétones." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10147.
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L'objectif de la thèse a consisté à mettre au point une méthodologie de synthèse simple et efficace de ligands diamines, de diaminoalcools, d'aminothiols et d'aminothiophénols chiraux. Les diamines et diaminoalcools ont été synthétisés par des méthodes de couplage peptidique. Nous avons ensuite optimisé l'ouverture régiosélective et stéréospécifique du S-thiiranyltrityléther par la benzylamine que nous avons étendue à d'autres amines afin d'obtenir une famille d'aminothiols chiraux. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons synthétisé des aminothiophénols à partir de l'acide thiosalycilique à l'aide de deux voies de synthèse différentes. Ces ligands ont été testés pour la réduction de cétones aromatiques par hydrogénation ou par transfert d'hydrure. Une étude spécifique effectuée avec le benzoylformate de méthyle a été réalisée, mettant à jour la transformation de ce substrat en mandélate d'isopropyle grâce au tert-butylate de potassium
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Freitas, Diogo Martins de. "Equity research - Ferrari N.V." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17354.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>O presente relatório de Equity Research tem por objectivo determinar o justo valor da fabricante italiana de supercarros de luxo, Ferrari. Nesse sentido, um preço-alvo para o final do ano de 2018 foi desenvolvido e posteriormente concretizado numa recomendação de investimento, tendo por base o processo de avaliação e o preço actual da acção.
A primeira etapa do processo de avaliação compreende uma breve análise macroeconómica da indústria em que a empresa se insere, seguida de uma análise operacional. Posteriormente segue-se um tratamento de dados financeiros fundamentais para o desenvolvimento do modelo de Discount Cash Flow (DCF) e para o modelo de avaliação relativa com em base em Múltiplos.
O modelo de Discount Cash Flow (DCF) deriva um preço por acção no final de 2018 de € 121.21. Em contraste, a abordagem via múltiplos é ligeiramente mais conservadora, com um valor-alvo por acção de € 115.36. Em 30 de Junho de 2018, o preço da acção em mercado foi fixado em € 116.50, o que deixa espaço para um potencial de valorização de cerca de 4%, considerando o valor obtido através do modelo DCF. O rendimento futuro dos dividendos é esperado ser de 0.70%.
Desde o início do ano, o retorno anual da acção foi de 36%, juntamente com uma volatilidade anual de 31%, valores estes que podem ser explicados em certa medida pela ainda recente IPO e a consequente descoberta de preço pelo mercado.<br>The present equity research report aims to determine the fair value of the Italian Supercar manufacturer, Ferrari. In that sense, a target price towards the end of 2018 is developed and concretized in an investment recommendation given the outcome of the process of due diligence followed by the respective business valuation.
The first step of the valuation process comprehends an analysis of both the industry where the company operates and its operational activity. Subsequently, the assumptions and the forecasted financials are present as they represent the fundamental quantitative data where both the discounted cash flow and multiples valuation models rely on.
The discounted cash flow model (DCF) derives a share price towards the end of 2018 of €121.21. By contrast, the multiples approach is slightly more conservative with a share value of €115.36. On 30th of June 2018 the market share price was set at €116.50 which leaves room for an upside potential of about 4% given the DCF target share value. The forward dividend yield is expected to be 0.70%.
Since the beginning of the year, the annual stock return averaged 36% with an annual volatility of 31%.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Crispim, Sérgio Miguel dos Santos. "Equity research - Heineken N.V." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16736.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>O trabalho elaborado consiste numa avaliação do preço por ação da Heineken N.V. para o final de 2018FY, tendo por base pressupostos que considero futuramente viáveis para os próximos cinco anos de atividade e que se apoiam no histórico de performance dos últimos cinco anos.
Para tal, todo o estudo é feito através do formato CFA Institute e tem como início a descrição da empresa, a qual contém um resumo da sua história até à data, focado nas principais aquisições ocorrentes, a explicação de quais os segmentos operacionais, uma enumeração e detalhe dos principais elementos condutores de receitas, rentabilidade e custos, a estratégia definida pela direção da empresa para os próximos anos e também de que forma a empresa está organizada ao nível da estrutura de detenção de ações, bem como a organização administrativa interna.
A fase seguinte introduz um pouco do estudo da economia global, e centraliza-se nas tendências e crescimento (por região e global) da indústria previsto para próximos anos. Esta fase termina com uma análise do meio competitivo no qual se insere a Heineken N.V.
O principal modelo aplicado é o Discounted Cash Flow. Através deste modelo a recomendação dada aos investidores é de manter as ações, já que o preço sugerido para o fim de 2018FY é €91,55/ação, tendo em conta que a Heineken N.V. é uma empresa de baixo risco.
O trabalho termina com algumas análises de sensibilidade, com as quais se mitigam alguns dos principais riscos considerados.<br>The elaborated work consists on an Equity Research of Heineken N.V. for the year ending 2018F, based on assumptions that I consider to be viable for the next five years and based on the historical performance of the last five years.
To do this, the entire study is done through the CFA Institute format and begins with the company description, which contains a summary of its history to date, focused on the main acquisitions occurring, the explanation of which operating segments, an enumeration and detail of the main drivers of revenue, profitability and costs, the strategy defined by the management of the company for the coming years and also how the company is organized at the level of shareholders structure, as well as its corporate governance.
The next phase introduces some of the study of the global economy, and centers on the trends and growth (by region and global) of the industry forecast for the next years. This phase concludes with an analysis of the competitive environment in which Heineken N.V. is inserted.
The main model applied is Discounted Cash Flow. Through this model the recommendation given to investors is to hold/maintain the shares, since the suggested price for the end of 2018FY is €91.55/ share, bearing in mind that Heineken N.V. is a low risk company.
The work ends with some sensitivity analyzes, which mitigate some of the main risks considered.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Felizardo, Rafael Grilli. "Equity research - Ferrari N.V." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20808.
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Mestrado em Finanças<br>Este relatório é uma avaliação da Ferrari N.V., preparada como Projeto de Trabalho Final de Mestrado em Finanças pelo ISEG. O trabalho segue o formato recomendado pelo Instituto CFA. A avaliação foi conduzida considerando dados disponíveis publicamente em 07 de outubro de 2020, e diversas fontes de informação foram utilizadas, como relatórios da empresa, Thomson Reuters, Bloomberg L.P., yahoofinance.com. Novidades após essa data não estão contempladas na análise. O preço alvo de €177.48 (dezembro de 2020) representa um potencial de valorização de 17% em relação ao preço de fechamento de 30 de julho de 2020, e a recomendação para a Ferrari N.V. é COMPRA, com risco médio avaliado.<br>This report is a valuation of Ferrari N.V. prepared as a Master's in Finance Final Work Project at ISEG, following the format recommended by the CFA Institute for Equity Research reports. The study was conducted considering publicly available data on October 07th, 2020, and diverse sources of information were used, such as company reports, Thomson Reuters, Bloomberg L.P., yahoofinance.com. Novelties after this date were not included. The target price (TP) was achieved based on the DCF method, complemented with Adjusted Present Value, Economic Value Added and Relative Valuation. The TP of €177.48 (2020YE) represents an upside potential of 17% over the close price of July 30, 2020, and the final recommendation for Ferrari N.V. is BUY, with medium risk assessed.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Lehkoživová, Marcela. "Ocenění společnosti Zentiva N.V." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-2662.
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Diplomová práce se zabývá oceněním veřejně obchodované společnosti Zentiva N.V. V teoretické části je popsána problematika oceňování podniků, základní východiska a principy. V praktické části je společnost Zentiva oceněna metodou DCF Entity. Cílem práce je zjištění tržní ceny 1 kusu kmenové akcie Společnosti. A na základě tohoto ocenění stanovit, zda aktuální tržní cena akcie odpovídá skutečnému potenciálu Společnosti.
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Perlík, Aleš. "Ocenění podniku Zentiva N.V." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-4876.
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The objective of the thesis is a valuation of the Zentiva N.V. The valuation was worked out using the following methods: (1) the DCF entity method with application of the FCFF, (2) a financial analysis of this company, (3) the SWOT analysis, (4) a market analysis, and (5) the projected financial statements for 2009 - 2012. The assessed financial value of the company was calculated to be CZK43,566,947,000 on the date of 1.12.2008.
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Faiglová, Veronika. "Posouzení faktorů úspěšnosti NNO." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10632.
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The aim of this work is the processing and evaluation of information gained from the questionnaire survey, which took place within the University research. The work is focused on factors that influence the success of NGOs in particular in the areas of activities of organizations and their financing. NGOs are first grouped according to age, geographical scope and legal status. It is also being considered with a vision and mission of their short-term and long-term goals. Another chapter examines the importance of volunteers and their application in different areas of operation. Here is an analysis of the internal control situation, the quality of services and use of information systems. The last task is focused on the allocation of financial resources and evaluation of NGO work with the financial plans.
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Dufresne, Sylvie. "Étude phylogénétique et physiologique d'Acidobacter disulfidooxidans gen. nov. comb. nov., Methylobacterium lavalensis sp. nov. et Thiobacillus thiooxidans formant un consortium bactérien." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ36263.pdf.
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Carvalho, Vanessa Juliana Gomes. "Expressão dos genes codificadores de canais de sódio Nav 1.7, Nav 1.8 e Nav 1.9 em portadores da Síndrome de Ardência Bucal." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23139/tde-24052016-121129/.
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A síndrome de ardência bucal (SAB) é uma condição caracterizada pelo sintoma de ardência na mucosa oral, na ausência de qualquer sinal clínico. Sua etiologia é desconhecida e, até o momento, não dispõe de tratamento efetivo. Há entretanto características de doença neuropática que justificam investigações nesse sentido. O objetivo desse estudo foi mensurar a expressão gênica dos receptores de canais de sódio, Nav 1.7, Nav 1.8 e Nav 1.9, nos pacientes portadores de SAB. A casuística foi composta por dois grupos sendo o grupo de estudo composto por 12 pacientes portadores de SAB, selecionados através do critério estabelecido pela International Headache Society, em 2013 e o grupo controle composto por 4 pacientes não portadores de SAB. As amostras analisadas foram coletadas do dorso lingual, por meio de biópsia realizada com punch de 3 mm e profundidade de 3 mm, estas foram submetidas ao método de análise RT-PCR em tempo real. A expressividade dos genes de canais de sódio foi avaliada nos indivíduos portadores de SAB em relação aos do grupo controle, sendo esta calculada a partir da normalização dos dados da quantificação destes com os da expressão do gene constitutivo (GAPDH), pelo método de Cicle Threshold comparativo e analisados estatisticamente por meio do teste estatístico Mann-Whitnney. Observou-se o aumento da expressão gênica do Nav 1.7 (fold-change = 38.70) e diminuição da expressão gênica do Nav 1.9 (fold-change = 0.89), porém sem diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos analisados. O gene Nav 1.8 não foi expresso em nenhuma das amostras analisadas. O Nav 1.7 expressa-se tanto em neurônios nociceptivos quanto no sistema nervoso autônomo e mutações no Nav 1.9 tem sido associada a perda de percepção dolorosa. Os resultados obtidos embora não estatisticamente significativos são compatíveis com as características da doença, justificando a extensão dos estudos na linha expressão de genes codificadores dos canais de sódio em pacientes com SAB.<br>Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a condition characterized by symptoms of burning in the oral mucosa, in the absence of any clinical signs. Its etiology is unknown and so far, it has no effective treatment. It is important to mention that BMS exhibits some traits of a neuropathic disease, what justifies a thorough investigation of this subject.The objective of this study was to measure the gene expression of the sodium channel receptors, Nav 1.7, Nav 1.8 and Nav 1.9, in patients with BMS.The sample was composed of two groups, being the study group formed by 12 patients with SAB, selected according to the criteria established by the International Headache Society in 2013, while the compound control group had 4 patients without SAB. The analyzed samples were collected from the tongue, by the biopsy technique with a 3 mm punch and 3mm depth. These samples were processed in real time, following the guidelines set forth by the RT-PCR method. The expressiveness of the sodium channels was evaluated in the individuals with BMS in relation to control group, which was calculated from the normalization of these data with the quantification of the expression of a constitutive gene (GAPDH) by the Cycle Threshold comparative methods and statistically compared by Man-Whitnney test. We observed an increased gene expression of Nav 1.7 (fold-change = 38.70) and a decreased gene expression of Nav 1.9 (fold-change = 0.89), but no statistically significant differences between the groups. Nav 1.8 gene was not expressed in any of the samples. Nav 1.7 is expressed in both nociceptive neurons as the autonomic nervous system and changes in Nav 1.9 has been associated with loss of pain perception. The results although not statistically significant are consistent with the disease characteristics, justifying the extension line of the studies on the expression of genes encoding the sodium channel in patients with SAB.
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Arnqvist, Jonas. "Elektronisk ledningskommunikation : Nav eller alibi?" Thesis, Stockholm University, School of Business, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-6324.
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<p>Användningen och betydelsen av intranät, det vill säga en slags organisationsinterna webbplatser, ökar i många organisationer i takt med en ökad IT-användning när allt mer kommunikation sker via elektroniska kanaler. Fungerande intern kommunikation, inte minst ledningskommunikation, är samtidigt en förutsättning för organisering, ledning och styrning. Ju otydligare organisationens mål är ju större betydelse får en fungerande intern ledningskommunikation för att omsätta t.ex. visioner i konkreta åtgärder. Detta framstår som särskilt angeläget i offentlig förvaltning där politiska visioner, mål och prioriteringar ofta kan vara vaga eller motsägelsefulla. Förvaltningsledningen måste här tolka de politiska målen och formulera dessa i termer som kan kommuniceras till och förstås av medarbetarna. En del av del av denna kommunikation kan ske via intranät. En studie har genomförts bland ett urval av Stockholms stads fackförvaltningar för att undersöka om intranät används för ledningskommunikation, vem som i så fall tolkar och formulerar budskapen och hur de tas fram. Undersökningen visar att intranätet har förutsättningar att utgöra en rik källa till kunskap och ett viktigt kommunikationsnav i organisationen. Utan en genomtänkt informationsstrategi och med det ökade informationsbruset riskerar det dock att bli en ursäkt för att inte kommunicera på annat sätt. En slutsats som dras är att ledningar sannolikt underskattar intranätets påverkan på organisationskulturen och vikten av att vara synlig på intranätet. Samtidigt förefaller ledningar att överskatta intranätets förmåga att förmedla information. Skälet är bland annat att kommunikationen ses som ett överföringsproblem inte ett tolkningsproblem. Effektiv distribution är ingen garanti för effektiv kommunikation och förståelse.</p>
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Falthin, Annika. "Musik som nav i skolredovisningar." Licentiate thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-123.
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Music as a hub in school presentationsThe aim of the study is to elucidate how making meaning is constituted when lower secondary pupils play music when giving accounts of other school subjects than music. The empirical material consists of four presenta- tions in the subjects of physics, religion and Swedish, which were filmed during ordinary lessons in a lower secondary school. In addition the data consists of nine filmed stimulated recall interviews with the pupils and their teachers, which were also filmed.Social semiotic multimodality constitutes the study’s theoretical and methodological point of departure. The perspective enables investigation of the pupils’ playing of music and music in its multimodal context, and of how different dimensions of meaning are constructed. The filmed presentations were transcribed into music scores in order to visualise the multimodal events of the presentations. Three different categories of meaning were used, ideational, interpersonal and textual meaning, to analyse how music relates to other modes of communication.The results show how the temporal functions of music serve as frame- work and motor, what the music narrates in relation to the subject content and what interpersonal relations the music communicates. The young peo- ple’s knowledge of music manifests itself in the different accounts as an ability to use and adapt musical knowledge to a context where another sub- ject than music is in focus. The presentations of Swedish are travesties of well-known songs and the pupils stick to the given form. In the other presen- tations the pupils themselves had compiled the music and the result was a form of musical works where the music does not follow any model or certain genre. The informants think that this working method implies that the work is experienced as meaningful both to themselves and to the audience.
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Korený, Jozef. "Faktory efektivity rozvojových programů NNO." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-1011.
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Adlerová, Martina. "Zdrojová soběstačnost NNO v kultuře." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150121.
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The diploma thesis deals with financial self-sufficiency of non-profit and non-governmental organisations operating in the cultural sector. The theoretical part describes all methods of financing. Emphasis is placed on the cooperation with donors and on fundraising through social networks. To make the comparison of financing easier, different legal forms of non-profit organisations with examples are mentioned. The practical part of the thesis presents five different Czech cultural non-profit organizations. The structures of their financial resources are described, financial analyses are performed, and the percentages of self-sufficiency are determined. The analyses show that none of the organizations is self-sufficient. The thesis presents recommendations on how to increase the percentage of self-sufficiency. The thesis explores importance of the crowdfunding in the Czech republic and describes the cooperation with donors in observed organisations.
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Vyhnánková, Jana. "Zdrojová soběstačnost NNO v kultuře." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-150268.
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The master's thesis focuses on self-sufficiency of NGOs in culture, especially on NGOs in performing arts. The thesis aims to analyze the current status of self-sufficiency of NGOs doing performing arts in the Czech Republic. The research was conducted by means of electronic questionnaires sent to NGOs managers or financial employees. The research has shown that NGOs doing performing arts generate a relatively high level of own funds and they diversify their sources successfully. NGOs do not draw much money from the private sector but they use foreign funds a lot. There is still room for improvement in strategic planning of NGOs fundraising and marketing activities.
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Žunkánová, Barbora. "Ocenění společnosti AVG Technologies N.V." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-358961.
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The aim of this thesis is to estimate the market value of specific company as of 31. 12. 2015 based on Discounted Cash Flow method and Multiples method for potential investors. The thesis is divided into two parts, theoretical part and practical part. The first part describes the basic concepts necessary for valuation of the company and it gives the bases for practical part. The second part is focused on the introduction of the company, strategic and financial analysis and forecasting of value drivers, financial statements and final valuation of the company.
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Mustafa, Riham, and Omnia Bakhiet. "Biogas Produktion i Abu Dhabi – En Utvärdering baserad på Energi och Ekonomi (Jämförelse av två teknologier)." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-170577.
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Carlbark, Terese, and Magdalena Hirsch. "NNH - ur Stockholms läns kommuners perspektiv." Thesis, KTH, Geoinformatik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168231.
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Lee, Yi-Ying. "Transcription factor NNR from Paracoccus denitrificans." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426570.
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Katsikas, Georgios P. "Realizing High Performance NFV Service Chains." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Network Systems Laboratory (NS Lab), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-195352.
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Network functions (NFs) hold a key role in networks, offering in-network services, such as enhanced performance, policy enforcement, and security. Traditionally, NFs have been implemented in specialized, thus expensive hardware. To lower the costs of deploying NFs, network operators have adopted network functions virtualization (NFV), by migrating NFs from hardware to software running in commodity servers. Several approaches to NFV have shown that commodity network stacks and drivers (e.g., Linux-based) struggle to keep up with increasing hardware speed. Despite this, popular networking services still rely on these commodity components. Moreover, chaining NFs (also known as service chaining) is challenging due to redundancy in the elements of the chain. This licentiate thesis addresses the performance problems of NFV service chains.The first contribution is a framework that (i) profiles NFV service chains to uncover performance degradation reasons and (ii) leverages the profiler’s data to accelerate these chains, by combining multiplexing of system calls with scheduling strategies. These accelerations improve the cache utilization and thereby the end-to-end latency of chained NFs is reduced by a factor of three. Moreover, the same chains experience a multi-fold latency variance reduction; this result improves the quality of highly-interactive services.The second contribution of this thesis substantially revises the way NFV service chains are realized. NFV service chains are synthesized while eliminating redundant input/output and repeated elements, providing consolidated stateful cross layer packet operations across the chain. This software-based synthesis achieves line-rate 40 Gbps throughput for stateful and long service chains. This performance is 8.5x higher than the performance achieved by the software-based state of the art FastClick framework. Experiments with three example Internet Service Provider-level service chains show that this synthesis approach operates at 40 Gbps, when the classification of these chains is offloaded to an OpenFlow switch.<br>Nätverksfunktioner (NF) har en nyckelroll i nätverk. De erbjuder tjänster i nätverken som förbättrad prestanda, policy övervakning och säkerhetsfunktioner. Vanligtvis så har NF implementerats med hjälp av specialiserad, och därmed kostsam, hårdvara. Detta har lett till att nätverksoperatörer har börjat använda nätverksfunktionsvirtualisering (NFV) för att minska kostnaden. NFV implementeras genom att NF flyttas från specialiserad hårdvara till mjukvara som kör på vanliga servrar. Flera försök med NFV har visat att vanliga nätverksstackar och drivrutiner (exempelvis Linux baserade) har svårt att erbjuda samma prestanda som hårdvaran gör. Trots detta bygger flera populära nätverkstjänster på NFV. Dessutom är det en utmaning att koppla samman NFV i kedjor, då redundanta operationer utförs. I den här avhandlingen försöker vi lösa prestanda problem kopplade till kedjor av NFV. Det första bidraget i den här avhandlingen är ett ramverk som (i) profilerar NFV kedjor för att hitta orsaker till prestanda problem samt (ii) använder profileringsdata för att förbättra prestandan i kedjorna. Detta görs genom att kombinera multiplexing av systemanrop med planläggningsstrategier. Tillsammans förbättrar dessa lösningar cache användningen och minskar därmed end-to-end latensen i kedjade NFV med en faktor tre. Dessutom minskar vår metod variansen i latens, något som är viktigt för tjänstekvalitén i interaktiva tjänster.Det andra bidraget i den här avhandlingen är en omarbetning av hur kedjade NFV konstrueras. Vi syntetiserar NFV service kedjor genom att ta bort redundanta element och konsoliderar paketoperationer som sträcker sig över flera lager i nätverksstacken. Vår mjukvarubaserade lösning klarar av 40 Gbps genomströmning i en lång kedja. Detta är 8.5 ggr mer än vad som uppnåtts med den tidigare standard lösningen för mjukvara, ramverket FastClick. Vi presenterar experiment med tre servicekedjor för nätverksleverantörer där vår syntetiserade lösning klarar 40 Gbps, när klassificeringen av kedjan görs med hjälp av en OpenFlow switch.<br><p>QC 20161103</p><br>European Union Horizon 2020 BEhavioural BAsed forwarding (BEBA)<br>European Research Council (ERC) PROPHET
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Гиренко, И. С. "Критический анализ практической применимости метода NPV". Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/27981.
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Konderla, Michal. "Ocenění společnosti NEW WORLD Resoursces N.V." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-10624.
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The goal of the thesis is to find out the value of the company New World Resources N. V. to date 31st of December 2008. In the beginning of the thesis is itroduced company profile, then is this thesis divided into four parts. In the introduction of each part are shortly characterized essential theoretical aspects, which are then used in practical application. The result of strategic analysis is prediction of sales. In the financial analysis there is interpreted financial health of the society. In the third part are estimated generators of values and then is arranged the financial plan, which is basis for the final valuation. Market value of the company is determinated by income approach, especially by the method of DCF Entity. This thesis includes also methods of market comparison.
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Svobodová, Lucie. "Analýza zdrojové soběstačnosti NNO v kultuře." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-142279.
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The Master's Thesis focuses on resource self-sufficiency analysis of four chosen NGOs in culture. Those are theatres Činoherní klub, Semafor, Archa and Dejvické divadlo. All of the organizations underwent the Prague theatre transformation process and became the Public Service Companies. The Thesis investigates, whether the change into to private subject and the rising independence have led also to the increase of resource self-sufficiency and extension of financial resource portfolio. For this purpose the financial statements of the theatres were analysed. The resource self-sufficiency index was put in the context of other financial analysis indices. The Thesis has shown, that although the theatres use at least four financial resources, they are highly dependent on incomes from provided public services and especially on subsidies from the public budgets. The NGOs should improve their level of business activities and fundraising. The resource self-sufficiency of analysed theatres is between 35 and 52 %. While in three cases the self-sufficiency has been increasing, in the last case it has been decreasing continuously.
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Tatár, Dávid. "Ocenenie skupiny AAA Auto Group N.V." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-149801.
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The objective of diploma thesis is about to define a value of a international group AAA Auto Group N. V. which operates on the czech, slovak and russian market with used cars and analysis of an ability to increase shareholder's value in the future. It is structured as an expert opinion. It defines purpose, subject and exact date of valuation, valuation method's overview, strategic (macro and micro) and financial group analysis on the main markets. Consolidated financial plan was created as a prediction with a quick financial analysis. Group was evaluated by three discounted-based method - free cash flow to firm, free cash flow to equity, discounted economic value added as they were compared to market capitalization method. Final group value AAA Auto Group N. V. to 7th of December 2012 was defined by free cash flow to equity method and compared to market capitalization method, which is determined by the market.
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Ng, Ka Man. "Near-ultra-violet (NUV) excited phosphors." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/915.
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Sällberg, Kristian. "A Data Model Driven Approach to Managing Network Functions Virtualization : Aiding Network Operators in Provisioning and Configuring Network Functions." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171233.
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This master’s thesis explains why certain network services are difficult to provision and configure using IT automation and cloud orchestration software. An improvement is proposed and motivated. This proposed improvement enables network operators to define a set of data models describing how to provision and interconnect a set of Virtual Network Functions (VNFs) (and possibly existing physical network functions) to form networks. Moreover, the proposed solution enables network operators to change the configuration at runtime. The work can be seen as a step towards self managing and auto scaling networks. The proposed approach is compared to a well known cloud management system (OpenStack) in order to evaluate if the proposed approach decreases the amount of time needed for network operators to design network topologies and services containing VNFs. Data is collected through observations of network operators, interviews, and experiment. Analysis of this data shows that the proposed approach can decrease the amount of time required for network operators to design network topologies and services. This applies if the network operators are already acquainted with the data modeling language YANG. The amount of time required to provision VNFs so that they respond to connections can also be decreased using the proposed approach. The proposed approach does not offer as much functionality as OpenStack, as it is limited to VNF scenarios.<br>Denna masteruppsats förklarar varför vissa nätverkstjänster är svåra att skapa och konfigurera med IT-automationsverktyg och mjukvara för molnorkestrering. En förbättring föreslås och motiveras. Den föreslagna förbättringen tillåter nätverksoperatörer att definiera en mängd datamodeller, för att beskriva hur Virtuella Nätverksfunktioner (VNF:er) skall instantieras och kopplas ihop till nätverkstjänster. Dessutom tillåter lösningen nätverksoperatörer att ändra konfiguration under tiden nätverken hanterar trafik. Arbetet kan ses som ett steg mot självhanterande och automatiskt skalande nätverk. Den föreslagna lösningen jämförs med ett välkänt molnorkestreringsverktyg (OpenStack) för att utvärdera om den föreslagna lösningen sänker mängden tid som nätverksoperatörer behöver för att designa nätverkstopologier och tjänster som innehåller VNF:er. Data samlas in genom observationer av nätverksoperatörer, intervjuer, och experiment. Analys av datan visar att den föreslagna lösningen kan minska tiden som behövs för att designa nätverkstopologier och tjänster. Fallen där detta är applicerbart, är när VNF:er närvarar i nätverk. Dessa är enklare att skapa, konfigurera, och ändra under tiden de exekverar, med den föreslagna metoden. Detta kräver också att nätverksoperatören är bekant med datamodelleringsspråket YANG. Tiden det tar att provisionera VNF:er, tills dess att de svarar till anslutningar, kan sänkas med hjälp av den föreslagna metoden. Den förslagna metoden erbjuder väsentligt begränsad funktionalitet jämfört med OpenStack, den fokuserar på att hantera VNF:er.
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Ghymn, Eugene. "Isolation play." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1456997.
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Gustavsson, Emma, and Linnea Johansson. "Planering av LCHF- och NNR-kost : Samt en undersökning om unga kvinnors erfarenheter av populärdieter." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kostvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96575.
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Bakgrund Idag är LCHF (Low-carbohydrate High-fat) en populär diet. Forskningen som finns inom området fokuserar mycket på viktnedgång. Därför är det intressant att undersöka kosten genom att analysera dess sammansättning och jämföra med rekommendationerna enligt Nordiska näringsrekommendationer (NNR). Syfte Utveckla fyra-veckors menyer för LCHF-kost samt en blandkost enligt NNR inför en RCT-studie. Undersöka om det finns risk för lågt intag av vitaminer, mineraler och kostfibrer enligt NNR:s rekommendationer för unga kvinnor (18-30 år) vid en LCHF-kost. Undersöka möjligheterna att uppnå rekommenderade nivåer av vitaminer, mineraler och kostfibrer med en blandkost enligt NNR:s rekommendationer för unga kvinnor. Undersöka om unga kvinnor provat att minska sitt kolhydratintag i relation till önskan om viktnedgång samt om de provat någon diet. Metod Menyer för LCHF- och NNR-koster komponerades och näringsberäknades i DietistNet. LCHF-menyerna togs fram utifrån riktlinjer om <25 g kolhydrater/dag. En enkät skapades och spreds via Facebook. Materialet analyserades i IBM SPSS 21 med ANOVA- och Chi 2-test. Resultat Nivån av vitamin D var lägre än rekommendationen enligt NNR i de planerade kosthållningarna. I LCHF-kosten var nivåerna av järn och kostfibrer låga samt innehållet av mättat fett högt. I NNR-kosten var det svårt att uppnå rekommenderat intag av järn för kvinnor i fertil ålder. Enkäten visade ett samband mellan att ha provat att minska sitt kolhydraintag och önskan om viktnedgång. Den visade även att lågkolhydratdieter är den mest testade diettypen. Slutsats Den planerade LCHF-kosten innehöll lite kostfibrer och mycket mättat fett i förhållande till NNR. Varken LCHF- eller NNR-kosten uppnådde NNR:s nya rekommendation för Vitamin D. LCHF var den diet som flest enkätdeltagare hade testat. Detta visar att LCHF är en populär diet och att dess eventuella konsekvenser bör uppmärksammas
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Kanamori, Takeshi. "Identification of Oleomonas sagaranensis gen. nov., sp. nov., and studies on a novel urea assimilating pathway in Bacteria." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145372.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)<br>0048<br>新制・課程博士<br>博士(工学)<br>甲第11200号<br>工博第2436号<br>新制||工||1326(附属図書館)<br>22784<br>UT51-2004-T169<br>京都大学大学院工学研究科合成・生物化学専攻<br>(主査)教授 今中 忠行, 教授 青山 安宏, 教授 森 泰生<br>学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Hübinette, Madeleine. "Analys av processer ochanvändande av MicrosoftDynamics NAV." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-121293.
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Det här examensarbetet har utförts på uppdrag av Logica part of CGIoch i samarbete med deras kund Thermoprodukter. Syftet med arbetetär att undersöka om Thermoprodukters verkliga processer stämmeröverens med Microsoft Dynamics NAV Process Flows. Genom att först göra en analys av Microsoft Dynamics NAV ProcessFlows har den tänkta arbetsprocessen identifierats. Sedan harThermoprodukters processer identifierats samt ritats upp i ett flödes-‐‑schema. För att slutligen kunna jämföra processerna och få ut ett resultatom dessa stämmer överens eller inte. Resultatet visar att processerna stämmer bra överens med varandra menatt det självklart finns skillnader då Thermoprodukter har en delspecialbyggda moduler.<br>This thesis has been carried out on behalf of Logica part of CGI and incooperation with their customer Thermoprodukter. The purpose of thiswork is to analyze whether Thermoprodukter´s actual processes isconsistent with Microsoft Dynamics NAV Process Flows. By first doing an analysis of Microsoft Dynamics NAV Process Flows,the ideal processes have been identified. Then Thermoprodukter’sactual processes was identified and drawn up in a flow diagram.Eventually a comparison was carried out between these processes. The results show that the processes are consistent with one another butnaturally there are differences due to the fact that Thermoprodukterhave some custom built modules.
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Tahri, Dalal. "Functional analysis of the mouse Nov gene." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615919.
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Schardong, Frederico. "Taming NFV orchestration using decentralised cognitive components." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/184344.
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Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) separa as funções de rede dos dispositivos físicos, simplificando a implantação de novos serviços. As típicas funções de rede, como firewalls, aceleradores de tráfego, sistemas de detecção de intrusão e sistemas de prevenção de intrusões, são tradicionalmente realizadas por equipamentos físicos proprietários, que devem ser instalados manualmente pelos operadores de rede. A implantação de equipamentos físicos é desafiadora porque eles têm requisitos específicos de encadeamento e ordenação. Ao contrário dos equipamentos físicos tradicionais, as funções de rede virtuais (VNFs) podem ser dinamicamente implementadas e reconfiguradas sob demanda, colocando desafios de gerenciamento rigorosos aos sistemas em rede. A seleção das VNFs mais apropriadas para atingir um objetivo específico e a decisão sobre onde implantar essas VNFs e por quais caminhos elas se comunicarão são responsabilidades de um orquestrador de NFV. Nesta dissertação, propomos orquestrar VNFs usando componentes cognitivos interativos estruturados com a arquitetura belief-desire-intention (BDI), levando a soluções emergentes para enfrentar os desafios da rede. A arquitetura BDI inclui um ciclo de raciocínio que fornece aos agentes um comportamento racional, permitindo que lidem com diferentes cenários nos quais o comportamento flexível e inteligente é necessário. Estendemos a arquitetura NFV substituindo seu orquestrador centralizado por agentes BDI. Nossa proposta inclui um protocolo de leilão reverso e uma nova heurística de licitação que permite que os agentes tomem decisões sobre as tarefas de orquestração. Por fim, nós fornecemos uma plataforma de testes que integra uma plataforma para o desenvolvimento de agentes BDI com um emulador de rede, permitindo que os agentes controlem as VNFs e percebam a rede. Essa plataforma de testes é usada para implementar VNFs e avaliar empiricamente nosso modelo teórico em um ataque de negação de serviço distribuído. Os resultados da avaliação mostram que uma solução para o ataque DDoS surge através da negociação de agentes, mitigando com sucesso o ataque.<br>Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV) decouples network functions from physical devices, simplifying the deployment of new services. Typical network functions, like firewalls, traffic accelerators, intrusion detection systems and intrusion prevention systems, are traditionally performed by proprietary physical appliances, which must be manually installed by network operators. Their deployment is challenging because they have specific chaining requirements. As opposed to traditional physical appliances, virtual network functions (VNFs) can be dynamically deployed and reconfigured on demand, posing strict management challenges to networked systems. The selection of the most appropriate VNFs to achieve a particular objective, the decision on where to deploy these VNFs and through which paths they will communicate are the responsibilities of an NFV orchestrator. In this dissertation, we propose to orchestrate VNFs using interacting cognitive components structured with the belief-desire-intention (BDI) architecture, leading to emergent solutions to address network challenges. The BDI architecture includes a reasoning cycle, which provides agents with rational behaviour, allowing agents to deal with different scenarios in which flexible and intelligent behaviour is needed. We extend the NFV architecture, replacing its centralised orchestrator with BDI agents. Our proposal includes a reverse auction protocol and a novel bidding heuristic that allow agents to make decisions regarding the orchestration tasks. Finally, we provide a testbed that integrates a platform for developing BDI agents with a network emulator, allowing agents to control VNFs and perceive the network. This testbed is used to implement VNFs and empirically evaluate our theoretical model in a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack. The evaluation results show that a solution to the DDoS attack emerges through the negotiation of agents, successfully mitigating the attack.
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Heidler, Linda E. "NNS Use of Adverbs in Academic Writing." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84213/.
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Recent studies have begun to redefine the idea of accuracy in second language acquisition to include not only grammatical correctness, but also native-like selection. This is an exploratory study aimed at identifying areas of nonnative-like selection of adverbs, such as sentence position, semantic category preferences, frequency of use and breadth of word choice. Using corpus-linguistic methods it compares the writing of nonnative English speakers at an intermediate and advanced level to both American college students’ writing and published academic writing. It also conducts in-depth case studies of three of the most commonly used adverbs. It finds that while advanced students are grammatically accurate, there are still several ways in which their use of adverbs differs from that of native speakers.
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Schrallhammer, Martina, Filippo Ferrantini, Claudia Vannini, et al. "'Candidatus Megaira polyxenophila' gen. nov., sp. nov.: Considerations on Evolutionary History, Host Range and Shift of Early Divergent Rickettsiae." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-127288.
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“Neglected Rickettsiaceae” (i.e. those harboured by non-hematophagous eukaryotic hosts) display greater phylogenetic variability and more widespread dispersal than pathogenic ones; yet, the knowledge about their actual host range and host shift mechanism is scarce. The present work reports the characterization following the full-cycle rRNA approach (SSU rRNA sequence, specific in situ hybridization, and ultrastructure) of a novel rickettsial bacterium, herewith proposed as 'Candidatus Megaira polyxenophila' gen. nov., sp. nov. We found it in association with four different free-living ciliates (Diophrys oligothrix, Euplotes octocarinatus, Paramecium caudatum, and Spirostomum sp., all belonging to Alveolata, Ciliophora); furthermore it was recently observed as intracellular occurring in Carteria cerasiformis and Pleodorina japonica (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta). Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated the belonging of the candidate new genus to the family Rickettsiaceae (Alphaproteobacteria, Rickettsiales) as a sister group of the genus Rickettsia. In situ observations revealed the ability of the candidate new species to colonize either nuclear or cytoplasmic compartments, depending on the host organism. The presence of the same bacterial species within different, evolutionary distant, hosts indicates that 'Candidatus Megaira polyxenophila' recently underwent several distinct host shifts, thus suggesting the existence of horizontal transmission pathways. We consider these findings as indicative of an unexpected spread of rickettsial infections in aquatic communities, possibly by means of trophic interactions, and hence propose a new interpretation of the origin and phylogenetic diversification of rickettsial bacteria.
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Chen, Wei-Hsu, and 陳威旭. "Protection efficacy of NNV, GIV and NNV-GIV vaccines in giant groupers." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05621124164889725113.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>生命科學系<br>103<br>Grouper is an economically important fish species for aquaculture industry in Taiwan. Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) and grouper iridovirus (GIV) are two major viral pathogens of grouper fries and fingerlings, and have caused mass mortality during epidemics. Vaccination is an effective prophylaxis strategy for viral disease. To date, many research papers focus on NNV and GIV monovalent vaccines, but no report concerns NNV-GIV bivalent vaccine. The aim of this study is to compare the protection efficacy of NNV-GIV bivalent vaccine with those of NNV and GIV monovalent vaccines in giant groupers. At 4 weeks post vaccination (wpv), both NNV monovalent and NNV-GIV bivalent vaccines could induce high neutralizing antibody titers (ND50 ≥ 473) against NNV, and protect fish against NNV infection with cumulative mortalities 40% lower than that of control fish. High relative percent survival (RPS = 81.8 and 92.9) after NNV challenge tests were consistently observed in the fish with high neutralizing antibody titers (ND50 ≥ 781). By indirect ELISA, NNV-specific antibody titers in the serum of immunized fish peaked at 2 and 3 wpv, and kept significantly higher than those of control fish until 24 wpv. On the contrary, the neutralizing antibody titers against GIV induced by GIV and NNV-GIV vaccines were much lower than those against NNV induced by NNV monovalent and bivalent vaccines; however, the RPS of GIV monovalent and bivalent vaccine groups were all higher than 70 in GIV challenge experiments. In bivalent vaccine-immunized fish, the expression levels of MHC-I and MHC-II gene at 2 wpv were significantly higher than those in the control fish; furthermore, the expression levels of CD8α gene at 2 wpv and CD4 gene at 4 wpv both elevated. Therefore, it is suggested that NNV-GIV bivalent vaccine may also provide protection through induction of cellular immunity. In conclusion, NNV-GIV bivalent vaccine could provide good protection against NNV and GIV similar to two monovalent vaccines, and it will reduce labor cost and injection stress of fish during vaccination.
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Chen, Jun-Jie, and 陳俊傑. "Expression of Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) binding protein on surface of bacteria prevents NNV disease outbreak." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/d8w7u2.
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碩士<br>國立高雄海洋科技大學<br>水產養殖研究所<br>102<br>NNV has caused serious economic losses in the global aquaculture. To decrease the NNV concentration in the farming environment, we developed the NNV-binding protein display bacteria in which a NNV-binding protein fuse to c termini of lppompA, a gram negative membrane display system, for efficient display protein on bacterial surface. Moreover, several studies have reported that innate immunity effector Mx proteins can bind with NNV, therefore, in this study the Mx protein was fuse to C termini of lppompA to generate lpp-Mx, then transformed it into bacteria to form lpp-Mx/BL21. We demonstrated that lpp-Mx/BL21 expressed Mx on bacterial surface, and the lpp-Mx/BL21 could bind with NNV and reduce the NNV concentration in the culture medium. These results suggest that lppompA fused with Mx produces the NNV-binding bacteria which can remove NNV from farming environment and prevent NNV spread and improve the survival rate of grouper Juveniles.
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Su, Yu-Chin, and 蘇郁清. "Cloning and characterization of NNV B2 function." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51534892630405405286.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>生物科技研究所碩博士班<br>93<br>Apoptosis is a genetically-controlled preprogrammed event which eliminates cells during viral infection with host cells. Recently,betanodavirus-induced host cell death through apoptosis have been reported, but virus how to involved in regulate the host cell death is still a few understood. We found that B2 protein was expression occurred at 24 h post-infection (p.i.). So, we interest to know its function, then B2 gene be cloned and characterized was done. The betanodavirus TN1 strain B2 cDNA is 228 nucleotides long, encoding a polypeptide of 75 amino acids that protein size about 8.3 kDa in grouper liver (GL-av) cells. EYFP as a reporter gene was used for tracing B2 protein that also found localized in mitochondria in GL-av cell after 24 h p.i. When overexpression of B2 gene that significantly induces GL-av apoptotic cell death, but also prevents cell death by extra expression of Bcl-2 member Bcl-XL and Mcl-1a, which were cloned from zebrafish. Moreover, siRNA approaches are used for knockdowned B2 expression in transient and stable expression cell line in GL-av cell, which can enhances the cell viability up to 30% at 24 h p.i. and reduces the lose of mitochondria membrane potential during NNV infection up to 20% from 24 h to 72 h p.i., respectively. Taken results suggest that B2 is an early expression gene which may play an important role on either induces the host post-apoptotic necrosis or may regulate the viral replication. This finding may thus provide an important insight into the control or prevention of nodavirus-induced diseases.
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Chang, Ya-Ping, and 張雅評. "Development and application of scFv antibody against NNV." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74360745286955944345.
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碩士<br>國立宜蘭大學<br>生物技術研究所碩士班<br>98<br>This experiment goal is discovered that the grouper breeding farm at south Taiwan, will receive the nerve necrosis virus infection in the summer that will cause in the entrepreneur loss a lot of money, therefore we wish using immunotherapy to solve this problem. Although monoclonal antibody (mAb) possesses a higher specific activity, but some of the limitation of mAb can be overcome by genetically engineered antibody. ScFv is a small antibody-engineered antibody (molecular mass about 20-30 kDa) , in which the variable light chain and heavy chain of the antibody molecule are connected by a short, flexible polypepetide linker (Gly4Ser)3. This antibody fragment retains the original antigen-binding site allowing it to maintain its specific affinity for the antigen. The advantages of scFv are its stability as a protein, the fact that it can be produced in large scale in Escherichia coli at low cost. Here, we generate of scFv18, which contained variable fragments of light chain and heavy chain (VL and VH) of the anti-NNV antibody, and a linking peptide (Gly4Ser)3 inserted in the middle of VL and VH. The fused gene ScFv18 was successfully expressed in BL21 (DE3) cells and confirmed by western blotting assay. In the future, we hope that scFv18 antibody may use in the aquaculture, may make the examination reagent, perhaps washes the egg, reduces the virus infection fish opportunity.
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Ou, Ming-Chang, and 歐明昌. "Function analysis and diagnostic method forGrouper NNV B2 gene." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64423535865608057440.
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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>生物科技研究所碩博士班<br>94<br>In recent years, viral nervous necrosis disease （VNN）is the most acute disease of hatchery-reared grouper in Taiwan . The causative agent of VNN was nervous necrosis virus （NNV）and the mortality of grouper larvae and juvenile during disease outbreak were usually above 90％.
NNV belongs to the beta subgroup of the virus family nodavirade. Nodavirade has another subgroup alpha-nodavirus which infect inscets and plants. From the study of alpha-nodavirus, it is known that the non-structural B2 protein plays an important role in viral replication and B2 can inhibit the RNA interference system of the host cell. However, the function of beta-nodavirus B2 protein is not clear. In the study, I found that the localization of B2 is in the cytoplasm and nucleus,and B2 can binds to dsRNA and inhibits RNAi of the host cell. Advanced study by dsRNA binding assay of B2 with point mutation, I also found that the fifty-third arginine of B2 protein is involved in the dsRNA binding activity.
Additionally, for effective prevention of nervous nercrosis disease, establishing a fast and accurate diagnosis method is very important work. Microfluidic chip has been characterized by convenient and quick operation. Therefore, our laboratory try to develop a diagnosis method on microfluidic chip. In this study, we use direct-lysis RT-PCR and take RNA1 3’ as detected target for the goal of fast and effective diagnosis.
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Lu, Jin-YI, and 呂勁逸. "Functional characterization of Mx genes against NNV infection in medaka(Oryzias latipes)." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f4dgwq.
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碩士<br>國立屏東科技大學<br>生物科技系所<br>105<br>Viral pathogens is one of major cause of disease outbreaks in aquaculture. It often causes a large amount of death and severe economic loss in aquaculture. Myxovirus-resistance (Mx), which induced by type 1 Interferon (IFN), is one of innate immune members and acts important reole in antiviral function. In the present study, medaka (Oryzias latipes) was used as an animal model to study the immune response and antivial function of Mx genes for NNV infection. In this study, two Mx genes, Mx and Mx-like genes, were cloned from medaka. The full-length of Mx gene is 2286 bp consist of 88 bp of 5’ UTR (5’ untranslated region), 323 bp of 3’ UTR and 1875 bp coding region, which putative encode 624 amino acids. The coding region of Mx-like gene comprises 1479 bp which putative encoded 492 amino acids. Amino acid sequence aligment revraled that Mx comprised GTPase domain in N terminus, GTPase effector domain in C terminus and Middle domain; however Mx-like lack GTPase effector domain in C terminus. Expressional profile of Mx genes in diverse developmental stage and tissue distribution were determined by real- time PCR. Results showed that the expressions of Mx and Mx-like were increased accompanied with embryonic development. Mx gene was aboundant expressed in kidney and spleen, and higher expression of Mx-like gene in spleen and intestine. Mx and Mx-like genes were induced in diverse tissues of medaka by NNV infedction suggesting their antiniral function in innate immune system. In vitro, Mx and Mx-like genes were induced respectively in medaka OLHE-131 cells after IFN-a and IFN-d transfection suggesting the expression of Mx and Mx-like were regulated by IFN-a and IFN-d. Functional assay showed that OLHE-131 cells transfected with Mx rxpressing plasmid suppress NNV-induced apoptosis, whereas Mx-like without anti-apoptosis function. This result suggested the Mx and Mx-like may play distinct finction in immune system against NNV infection. The results presented in this study can be used as a platform to screen antiviral substances based on the induction of Mx expression. It is helpful to accelerate the development of biocontrol approaches for viral-induced disease problems in aquaculture.
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Ng, Sim-kun, and 吳嬋娟. "Interaction analyses between the nervous necrosis virus (NNV)coat protein and RNF2 proteins." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42445509446355565614.
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碩士<br>國立中正大學<br>生命科學系暨分子生物研究所暨生物醫學研究<br>97<br>Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is a worldwide disease among marine fishes and causes high mortalities at larval stage and considerable economic damage to the aquaculture industry. Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is one of the major pathogens of VNN diseases and infects the larvae of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coiodes) seriously. According to previous studies by Jimmy Kwang, the coat protein of NNV could enter the nucleus and trigger the process of apoptosis, implying that coat protein was not only a structural protein but also a potential protein involved in cellular genes regulation. To further study the functions of coat protein, yeast two-hybrid assay was used to screen for the NNV coat-associated proteins using the human fetal brain cDNA library. An alternative splicing form of human Ring finger protein 2 (hRNF2S) was identified. Surprisingly, NNV coat protein interacted with hRNF2S, but not with the full length hRNF2. In this thesis, yeast two-hybrid assay and GST-pull down assay were performed to further confirm the interaction and map the interaction domain between NNV coat and hRNF2 S / hRNF2 FL. NNV coat protein mainly interacts with the N-terminal region of hRNF2S, especially the RING finger domain of RNF2. Since NNV infects fishes naturally, the interaction between NNV coat and fish orange-spotted grouper (Osg) RNF2 was examined both in vitro and in vivo by yeast two-hybrid assay, GST pull-down assay, co-immunoprecipitation assay and immunoflurorescence assay. Thus, the biological function of this interaction will be further studied in the future.
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Lin, Yi-Wen, and 林怡彣. "Investigation of the mechanism of nervous necrosis virus B2 protein during NNV infection." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5bun2r.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>生命科學暨生物科技學系<br>107<br>Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) is the causatived agent of viral nervous necrosis symptom of more than 120 species of both marine farmed and wild larvae and juvenile fish. NNV belongs to the beta subgroup of the virus family Nodaviridae. The nodavirus genome consists of two positive-sense single-stranded RNA molecules. RNA1 encodes an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) , while RNA2 encodes the viral capsid protein (CP). In addition, a subgenomic RNA transcribed from the 3’end of RNA1, termed RNA3, encodes B2 protein. Giant group NNV (GGNNV) B2 protein was composed of 75 amino acids with double strand RNA binding domain. In this study, the pET/E.coli expressed recombinant B2 protein was obtained to make an affinity column inorder to isolate B2 associated proteins from GB cell extract. The major B2 associated protein was identified by LC-MS/MS as translation-related proteins such as ribosomal protein, poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) and eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF3). To explore the role of B2 in the translation event during virus infection, the puromycin labeling SUnSET experiment was performed and found that the host translation was shut off 16 hours after NNV infection. Experiments of transfection of expression constructs encoding viral protein with Myc or HA tag, proteins such as B2, CP or RdRp all showed the ability to shut off the host translation. After transfection, the recombinant B2 protein was first detected in the cytoplasm, then it was found in the nucleus and nucleolus. Interestingly, the B2 associated protein, PABP, was found in as company with B2 colocalizing in the nucleus region. The interaction between B2 and PABP were further confirmed by Far-Western blot using recombinant B2 and PABP serial truncated proteins. Furthermore, B2 was found to degrade gradually at the later stage of viral infection by Western blot and immunocytochemistry staining. The recombinant B2 colocalized with lysosome at the later viral infection stage was also found by immunocystochemistry staining. B2 may be transported into lysosome through the anti-viral dynamin, Mx was proposed. The interaction between B2 and Mx was proved preliminarily by Far-Western blot using their recombinant proteins. Taken together, the B2 protein was expressed at the early stage of viral infection and was co-transported with PABP to nucleus to shut off the host translation. At the later stage of viral infection, the B2 protein was gradually degraded by fusing into lysosome through the interaction with Mx probably.
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Chang, Li, and 張莉. "Study of anti-NNV substance produced by bacteria isolated from the intestine of grouper." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10600024702252421523.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>動物學研究研究所<br>93<br>Nervous necrosis virus （NNV） is a critically important pathogen for reared marine fish, and has caused mass mortality in more than 30 fish species in recent 10 years. In this study, we cloned anti-NNV bacteria from the intestinal microflora of grouper, and investigated the possibility of using intestinal bacteria as a biological control for viral nervous necrosis（VNN） disease. The normal flora from grouper intestine was first isolated and preliminary identified by GFB-14E system. The bacteria secreting substance against grouper NNV（GNNV） were selected according to the result of neutralization test. Three bacterial strains with high neutralization titers（Log NI >5） against GNNV were selected for further characterization. It was found that the anti-GNNV substances in the culture supernatants of these selected clones were stable after 100 °C for 10 minutes treatment. The size range of anti-GNNV substances was estimanated by microfilter with different pore sizes. The size of anti-GNNV substance of one bacteria strain is between 3-5 kDa, and of another two strains is smaller than 3 kDa. After 100 °C 10 min and microfilter treatment, the protein concentration of bacterial supernatant declined to zero, but their anti-NNV activities were still high. Therefore, it is revealed that the anti-GNNV substances are small molecule and heat-resistant. In the feeding test, the cultured-bacteria were mixed with commercial food and fed grouper larvae for 4 weeks and then challenged with GNNV by intra-peritoneal injection. The accumulated mortality of negative control fish was 24%, and over 50% of fishes showed clinical symptom of VNN. However, the accumulative mortality of the fed groups was zero, and the fishes were very healthy. The intestinal flora of groupers was examined, and the compositions of intestinal flora of the fed groupers were different from that of the negative control fish.
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Liao, Rui-Wen, and 廖睿雯. "A comparative study of pathogenecity of nervous necrosis virus (NNV) isolated from different fish species." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57983559293111326023.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>動物學研究所<br>92<br>Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) has caused mass mortality in more than 34 fish species. The aim of this study is to compare the pathogenecity of NNV isolated from different species of fish. Seven Taiwan NNV isolates and one European NNV isolate were used for the challenge of grouper juveniles. The clinical syndromes observed in all the fish challenged with the seven Taiwan NNV isolates, but not in the fish challenged with Atlantic halibut NNV (AHNNV). The mortality occurred only in the fish challenged with Baramundi NNV (BNNV), European eel NNV (ENNV) and hump-back grouper NNV (HGNNV). In advance, grouper larvae reared at 25°C were bath-challenged with HGNNV isolated from warm water marine fish, Chinese catfish NNV (CCNNV) isolated from fresh water fish and AHNNV isolated from cold water fish. The accumulated mortality of HGNNV was 72%, CCNNV was 29%, and AHNNV was 1%. The moribund grouper larvae were examined by RT-PCR and semi-nested PCR, and NNV RNA was found in the brain and retina of the fish. Hence, AHNNV was able to infect grouper larvae, but the level of AHNNV RNA in the challenged grouper was very limited. The temperature effects on the replication of AHNNV were tested in GF-1 cells. The RNA of AHNNV could be detected in the infected GF-1 cells incubated at 20°C but not at 28°C. It is therefore suggested that the low level of AHNNV in the challenged grouper is due to the unproper temperature (28°C) for AHNNV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Vacuolation of brain and retina was only observed in the moribund fish but not in the fish survived viral nervous necrosis disease. Virus was revealed in the brain and retina of survivor fish by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and immunofluorescent (IF) staining. In particular, it is the first time to find NNV in the melanomacropahge center (MMC) within the retina of survivor fish.