Academic literature on the topic 'Noctuidés – Parasites'

This article aims to study the fauna of the South East region of Uzbekistan in the Lepidoptera category. Initially, representatives of the Pieridae, Plutellidae, Pyraliday and Noctuidae families were taken into account the composition of the species and their parasites. The first observations were made in the Bekabad and Boka districts. Lepidoptera is carried out on the identification of family representatives of the category Pieridae, Plutellidae, Pyraliday and Noctuidae. Many species of representatives of the first Pieridae family were identified.

The study area included 127 species of parasites from the Tachininae subfamily (Diptera: Tachinidae) belonging to 53 genera and 14 tribes. The study was conducted in 2008-2018 in Primorsky Territory. Presently the list of tachinid fl ies with known hosts is made up of 52 species (40.9% of the total number). The Tachininae parasitize insect orders of Lepidoptera (86.6% of the total number of species with known data), Coleoptera (9.6%), Diptera (1.9%), Dermaptera (1.9%). Among representatives of Lepidoptera, species of Noctuidae (34.1%), Lymantriidae (10.7%) and Tortricidae (9.2%) families prevail. During the study, 28 host species of tachinids fl ies were revealed in the Lepidoptera order which are pests of agricultural crops, park, garden and forest vegetation. These insects, in the larval stage, feed on leaves, flower buds, flowers and fruits of trees and shrubs. They also damage fruit trees, park plants, sown seedlings, grain crops, basal parts and stems of vegetables. In the order of Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae family, 3 species are classifi ed as pests.It is for the fi rst time that the information was given on parasitizing of Тachina fera L. in caterpillars Spodoptera exigua Hbn. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Parhamaxia discalis Mesn. in imago Holotrichia parallela Motsch. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Hamaxia incongrua Walk. in imago Gametis jucunda (Fald.) and Anomala luculenta Er. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), Mikia tepens Walk. in caterpillars Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). The study of the fauna of Tachinidae and trophic relations in the larval stage is of great scientifi c and practical importance in the fi ght against insect pests of agriculture and forestry.

Four noctuid larvae, Heliothis zea (Boddie), Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and S. ornithogalli (Guenee) were reared on semi-synthetic diet in which varying concentrations of the carbamate fungicide benomyl were incorporated. These larvae were exposed to parasitization by Cotesia (= Apanteles) marginiventris (Cresson), and the effect of the fungicide on parasitism and host survival determined. Successful parasite emergence from H. zea, S. exigua, and P. includens was significantly reduced (P = 0.01) as benomyl concentration increased. Parasite emergence from S. ornithogalli was reduced, but a significantly significant dosage response was not evident. Implications of these findings, including a possible deleterious effect on natural biological control following benomyl application, are discussed.

Ectoparasite Habrobracon hebetor Say is one of the most widely used biological controllers in biological plant protection against a number of harmful lepidopterans, including especially dangerous pests of corn, soy, fruit and vegetable crops. As a result of research conducted in 2017, food specialization and parasitic activity of three different populations of H.hebetor were studied. Two races have been identified for mass rearing and application: pyralid and leaf roller (against corn moth, bean pod borer, apple and plum moths), and pyralid owl-moth (against cotton moth, corn borer, bean pod borer and boxwood moth). As a result of studies of biological features and trophic needs, it has been determined that caterpillars of mill moth (Ephestia cuhniellia Zella) should be used as a host insect for laboratory cultivation of the stock population of the Habrobracon pyralid and leaf roller race (race No. 1). For the introduced from South Kazakhstan the H.hebetor pyralid and noctuid race the most productive rearing is on the caterpillars of large bee moth (Galleria mellonela L.). Optimal temperature for rearing of both races is 26-28 ° C, relative air humidity is 70% and photoperiod is not less than 16 hours. It has been noticed that before laying eggs on the host’s caterpillars, the Habrobracon female preliminarily paralyzes the victim, piercing the sheath with ovipositor. As a result, the caterpillar stops eating and is immobilized. In 3-4 days larvae hatch out of the laid on the caterpillar eggs. The larvae feed on the contents of the caterpillars for 4-5 days, then pupate and after 6-8 days an adult insect leaves the cocoon. The development of one generation lasts 13-16 days, one cocoon includes one parasite. 1,000 large bee moth caterpillars used for infection provide on average 5.8-6.0 thousand cocoons, of which an average of 4.5-4.7 thousand parasites fly out.

The Tachinid fly, Palexorista laxa (Curran) is an important parasitoid of Heliothis armigera (Hubner) in Africa and India. The biological characteristics of the parasitoid were studied with an emphasis on its host instar preference, host range, seasonality and percentage parasitism. The developmental stages were also studied and described. A high host mortality (48%-100%) due to parasite attack occurred when small larvae were parasitised (2nd & 3rd instars). A preference for the 4th and 5th host instars was shown by the flies. P. laxa was found to be a non-specific parasitoid and parasitised a number of lepidopterous larvae in the laboratory including Busseola fusca (Fuller), Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) and Eldana saccharina Walker, but preferred Ii. armigera. The percentage parasitism on H. armigera in the field was variable peaking at 48% in 1988/89. Of the various parasitoids recorded from H. armigera on sunflower P. laxa was by far the most abundant. Mating occurred immediately after emergence with the males emerging a day earlier than the females. Males were capable of multiple matings whereas females mated only once in a lifetime. P. laxa females produced incubated macrotype eggs which hatched almost immediately after oviposition. The duration of development of the incubated egg and larval stage was 6,7 days, the pupa 10,4 days for females and 9,4 days for males, and the adult lived up to 50 days at 25°C. A reduction in pupal weight, an increase in the duration of the pupal stage and higher pupal mortality accompanied an increase in density of parasitoids per host. A linear relationship was shown between adult mass and number of ovarioles and eggs in P. laxa females. The oviposition period was 26,9 days with a high variation in daily progeny production. The total fertility per female was 126,3 puparia. "Inexperienced" females deposited incubated eggs on all parts of the host body while "experienced" females confined oviposition to the head and thorax. P. laxa females did not discriminate between previously parasitised and non-parasitised hosts. The effect of temperature on larval and pupal survival and development time was studied at 20°, 22°, 25°, 28°and 30°C. As expected, duration of development decreased with an increase in temperature, and there was a reduction in mortality.

Com o objetivo de avaliar o potencial de utilização de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) no manejo de Pseudoplusia includens (Walker, 1857) e Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), foram realizados diferentes bioensaios incluindo seleção de linhagens, avaliação das características biológicas, capacidade de parasitismo, exigências térmicas, determinação do número ideal de parasitóide a ser liberado por ovo da praga, capacidade de dispersão e tempo de permanência no campo do parasitóide e seletividade dos agroquímicos ao parasitóide. Através da seleção de espécies/linhagens de Trichogramma e Trichogrammatoidea verificou-se que T. pretiosum, linhagem coletada em Rio Verde, GO (RV) apresentou melhor desempenho biológico dentre as demais. A duração do período de desenvolvimento de T. pretiosum linhagem RV, criado em ovos de ambas as pragas apresentou relação inversa com o aumento de temperatura. A emergência da referida linhagem em ovos de A. gemmatalis não foi afetada na faixa de temperatura estudada, porém quando criada em ovos de P. includens, a temperatura de 32oC afetou tal parâmetro biológico. O limiar térmico inferior de desenvolvimento de T. pretiosum linhagem RV foi menor em ovos de P. includens (10,6ºC) quando comparado com o de A. gemmatalis (11,6ºC) e conseqüentemente, a constante térmica também variou sendo de 152 GD para P. includens e de 128 GD para A. gemmatalis. O número estimado de gerações de T. pretiosum linhagem RV, por ciclo da soja variou de 21 e 20 gerações para Rio Verde, GO e 22 e 21 gerações Barreiras, BA, em ovos de P. includens e A. gemmatalis, respectivamente. O ritmo de parasitismo de T. pretiosum linhagem RV foi influenciado pelas temperaturas testadas, com concentração do parasitismo nos primeiros dias de vida das fêmeas, exceto na temperatura de 18oC em ovos P. includens e nas temperaturas de 18 e 20oC para A. gemmatalis em que o parasitismo ocorreu durante toda a vida do parasitóide. O parasitismo total foi influenciado pelas temperaturas, com maiores valores entre as temperaturas de 22 a 28oC em ovos de P. includens e entre 25 e 28oC em ovos de A. gemmatalis. Em condições de semi-campo, determinou-se que o maior parasitismo foi obtido com uma proporção de 25,6 parasitóides por ovo da praga para as duas espécies de pragas. A capacidade de dispersão na cultura da soja é de 8,0 m, sendo a área de dispersão de 85,18m2. Assim, há a necessidade de 117 pontos de liberação do parasitóide por hectare para uma distribuição homogênea do parasitóides em toda a área. Após a liberação de T. pretiosum linhagem RV os parasitóides permaneceram na cultura da soja por doze dias, embora o parasitismo seja efetivo até o quarto dia. Os resultados básicos obtidos em ovos de P. includens e A. gemmatalis apontam para a possibilidade de controle conjunto destas duas pragas na cultura da soja, com utilização desse parasitóide de ovos. Os inseticidas, herbicidas e fungicidas utilizados na cultura da soja afetaram diferentemente o parasitismo e a viabilidade de T. pretiosum linhagem RV, sendo classificados desde seletivos até nocivos.
Different bioassays were carried out aiming to evaluate the potential of using Trichogramma pretiosum Riley, 1879 (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) to manage Pseudoplusia includens (Walker, 1857) and Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Among those bioassays there were the strains selection, biological characteristics and parasitism capacity, thermal requirements, establishment of ideal number of parasitoids to be released per number of pest eggs, parasitoid dispersal capacity, amount of time that the parasitoids remain active in the field after releasing and pesticide selectivity to the parasitoid. Throughtout the species/strains selection of Trichogramma and Trichogrammatoidea it was possible to determine that Trichogramma pretiosum, strain collected in Rio Verde (RV), showed the best biological performance among the tested species/strains. Trichogramma pretiosum RV development time, when it was reared in eggs of both pest species, was inversely related to the increase in temperature. T. pretiosum RV reared in A. gemmatalis eggs had not its emergency (%) modified by temperature changes, however, when it was reared in P. includens eggs, it had a lower emergency (%) at 32oC. The lower temperature threshold (Tb) was lower for T. pretiosum RV in P. includens eggs (10.6oC) when compared to T. pretiosum in A. gemmatalis eggs (11.6oC) and consequently the thermal constant (K) was also different being 152 and 128 GD for P. includens and A. gemmatalis eggs, respectively. The estimated number of generations of T. pretiosum RV in eggs of both species varied along soybean crop season being 21 and 20 generations for Rio Verde, GO and 22 and 21 generations for Barreiras, BA in P. includens and A. gemmatalis eggs, respectively. The parasitism rhythm of T. pretiosum RV was changed by the tested temperatures, concentrating the parasitism during the first days except at 18oC in P. includens eggs and at 18 and 20oC in A. gemmatalis eggs when the parasitism occurred during the whole parasitoid lifespan. The total parasitism was influenced by the temperatures, being higher among 22 and 28oC in P. includens eggs and among 25 and 28oC in A. gemmatalis eggs. The higher parasitism rate is reached at 51.2 and 25.6 female parasitoid per P. includens and A. gemmatalis eggs, respectively, accordingly to what was established at greenhouse trials. T. pretiosum RV dispersing capacity in soybean fields is 8.0 m and its dispersal area is 85.18 m2. Therefore, it is required a minimum of 117 parasitoid releasing points per hectare in order to have a homogeneous parasitoid distribution in the field. After T. pretiosum RV release, parasitoids remained in the soybean crop for 12 days. However, the parasitism was effective up to 4 days. The results from this research for P. includens and A. gemmatalis eggs indicate that the control of both pests might be possible using the T. pretiosum RV. Insecticides, herbicides and fungicides commonly used in soybean fields impacted differently the parasitism of T. pretiosum RV, being classified since harmless (class 1) to harmful (class 4).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-14Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:32:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 naranjoguevara_n_me_jabo.pdf: 1094961 bytes, checksum: abebabbc7d6d55795ac30c24a5d2bb13 (MD5)
A criação massal em condições de laboratório afeta a atividade e vigor dos parasitoides e,consequentemente, opotential como agentes de controle biológico. No Brasil, Telenomus remus foi introduzido em1986 e obtiveram-se altos níveis de parasitismo sobre Spodoptera frugiperda em testes de laboratório. Entretanto, estes níveis não foram obtidos em condições de campo.Assim, para ampliar abasegenéticadas linhagens e determinar possíveisdiferenças naatividade e vigor, opresente estudo objetivou: (1) realizara introdução deuma nova linhagem de T. remus no Brasil, a partir da Venezuela; (2) comparar a biologia das duas linhagens (uma coletada em culturas de milho e introduzida e outra,criadapor cerca de 600 gerações em laboratório) por meio da avaliaçãode parâmetros reprodutivos etabela de vida de fecundidade; (3) comparar as respostas funcionais; (4) avaliar a qualidade das linhagens utilizando-se a atividadede voo e a emergência como critérios. A espécie foi confirmada por taxonomista e foi confirmadaa sua especificidade porS. frugiperda. As duas linhagens demostraram similaridade genética em padrõesde restrição para asregiões 16S e ITS1, embora a linhagem importada apresentasse qualidadesuperior. Osparâmetros de fecundidadedemostraram que alinhagem introduzida temum potencial de aumento populacional maior e éintrinsecamente mais agressiva. As duas linhagens apresentaram resposta funcional tipo III, comestabilizaçãodo parasitismo apartirde 200 ovosdohospedeiro. Infere-se que a criaçãoem laboratório de T. remus requer cuidados que limitem a perda do potencial para controle biológico. Avaliaçõessubsequentes de qualidade bem como ametodologia atual de criação precisam ser revistas.O presente estudo resultou numimportante aporte para auxiliar na implementação de programas de controle biológico para a lagarta-do-cartucho.
Mass rearing in laboratory conditions affects the activity and vigor of parasitoids and consequentlytheir potentialas biological agents. In Brazil, Telenomus remus was introduced in 1986 and high levels of parasitism on Spodoptera frugiperda were obtained in laboratory tests. However, theselevels were notobtained infield conditions. Thus, tobroaden thegeneticbases of laboratorymaintained strains and to determine possible differencesin activity and vigor, this study aimed to:(1) introduce a new strain ofT. remus from Venezuela in Brazil;(2) compare the biology of two strains of T.remus (one collected in maizefields and introduced, and the other, maintained by over 600generations in laboratory conditions) by evaluatingreproductive parameters and fertilitylife tables, (3)compare the functional responses; (4) evaluate thequality ofthestrains using flightacitivity and emergence as criteria. The introduced species was confirmed by a taxonomist and their specificity for S. frugiperda was confirmed.Both strains demonstrated genetic similarity in restriction patterns for the 16S and ITS1 regions, although the imported strain showed superior quality as biological control agent. The fertility parameters showed thattheintroduced strain has a greater potentialfor population increaseand is inherently more aggressive. The two strains exhibited type IIIfunctional response, with stabilization of parasitism at 200 hosteggs. It is inferred that the laboratory rearingof T. remus requires efforts toprevent lossof biological control potential. Further evaluations of quality must be made and the currentmass rearing methodology should bere-designed. This study resulted in an important contribution that could aid the implementation of biological control programs for fall armyworm.

Orientador: Odair Aparecido Fernandes
Banca: Marta Maria Rossi
Banca: Nelson Wanderley Perioto
Resumo: A criação massal em condições de laboratório afeta a atividade e vigor dos parasitoides e,consequentemente, opotential como agentes de controle biológico. No Brasil, Telenomus remus foi introduzido em1986 e obtiveram-se altos níveis de parasitismo sobre Spodoptera frugiperda em testes de laboratório. Entretanto, estes níveis não foram obtidos em condições de campo.Assim, para ampliar abasegenéticadas linhagens e determinar possíveisdiferenças naatividade e vigor, opresente estudo objetivou: (1) realizara introdução deuma nova linhagem de T. remus no Brasil, a partir da Venezuela; (2) comparar a biologia das duas linhagens (uma coletada em culturas de milho e introduzida e outra,criadapor cerca de 600 gerações em laboratório) por meio da avaliaçãode parâmetros reprodutivos etabela de vida de fecundidade; (3) comparar as respostas funcionais; (4) avaliar a qualidade das linhagens utilizando-se a atividadede voo e a emergência como critérios. A espécie foi confirmada por taxonomista e foi confirmadaa sua especificidade porS. frugiperda. As duas linhagens demostraram similaridade genética em padrõesde restrição para asregiões 16S e ITS1, embora a linhagem importada apresentasse qualidadesuperior. Osparâmetros de fecundidadedemostraram que alinhagem introduzida temum potencial de aumento populacional maior e éintrinsecamente mais agressiva. As duas linhagens apresentaram resposta funcional tipo III, comestabilizaçãodo parasitismo apartirde 200 ovosdohospedeiro. Infere-se que a criaçãoem laboratório de T. remus requer cuidados que limitem a perda do potencial para controle biológico. Avaliaçõessubsequentes de qualidade bem como ametodologia atual de criação precisam ser revistas.O presente estudo resultou numimportante aporte para auxiliar na implementação de programas de controle biológico para a lagarta-do-cartucho.
Abstract: Mass rearing in laboratory conditions affects the activity and vigor of parasitoids and consequentlytheir potentialas biological agents. In Brazil, Telenomus remus was introduced in 1986 and high levels of parasitism on Spodoptera frugiperda were obtained in laboratory tests. However, theselevels were notobtained infield conditions. Thus, tobroaden thegeneticbases of laboratorymaintained strains and to determine possible differencesin activity and vigor, this study aimed to:(1) introduce a new strain ofT. remus from Venezuela in Brazil;(2) compare the biology of two strains of T.remus (one collected in maizefields and introduced, and the other, maintained by over 600generations in laboratory conditions) by evaluatingreproductive parameters and fertilitylife tables, (3)compare the functional responses; (4) evaluate thequality ofthestrains using flightacitivity and emergence as criteria. The introduced species was confirmed by a taxonomist and their specificity for S. frugiperda was confirmed.Both strains demonstrated genetic similarity in restriction patterns for the 16S and ITS1 regions, although the imported strain showed superior quality as biological control agent. The fertility parameters showed thattheintroduced strain has a greater potentialfor population increaseand is inherently more aggressive. The two strains exhibited type IIIfunctional response, with stabilization of parasitism at 200 hosteggs. It is inferred that the laboratory rearingof T. remus requires efforts toprevent lossof biological control potential. Further evaluations of quality must be made and the currentmass rearing methodology should bere-designed. This study resulted in an important contribution that could aid the implementation of biological control programs for fall armyworm.
Mestre

Submitted by Mario BC (mario@bc.ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-30T12:17:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitor Zuim.pdf: 736321 bytes, checksum: 42e3e5e6a120c7ec371929b3f184d990 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-30T12:17:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vitor Zuim.pdf: 736321 bytes, checksum: 42e3e5e6a120c7ec371929b3f184d990 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) did not occur in Brazil until recently. The introduction and its distribution in most part of Brazil have caused considerable losses to attacked crops. Thus, the parasitism of H. armigera eggs by a Brazilian commercial strain of Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) was studied regarding the effect of: egg developmental age (0-12, 24-36 and 48-60 h), egg densities (15, 20, 25 and 30 eggs per female), and different temperatures (18, 21, 24, 27, 30 and 33 oC) on the parasitoids biology. Higher rates of parasitism was obtained in H. armigera eggs with up to 36 h old and when offered 20 eggs per female. Lower temperature threshold and thermal requirement for egg to adult development was 10.3 °C and 130.38 GD, respectively. The increase of temperature directly reduces parasitoid development durations from 18.67 to 6.10 days and the mean generation time (T) from 20.9 to 7.5 days when reared at 18 and 33 oC, respectively. The net reproductive rate (R0) did not differ between 21 and 27 °C; while the intrinsic rate of population increase (rm) kept increasing up to 30 °C. The greater number of host egg parasitized was observed in the first day of adult stage across all studied temperatures, except at 30 °C when the highest parasitism took place in the second day. The female longevity and the parasitism rate decreased with increasing temperatures. The higher parasitism was found at 24°C. The results indicate that the Brazilian strain of T. pretiosum has potential to be used as an applied biological control agent of the studied pest across the most areas of occurrence in Brazil.
A lagarta Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) não ocorria no Brasil até recentemente. A introdução e, posterior, distribuição em quase todo o Brasil têm acarretado perdas consideráveis para as culturas atacadas. Assim, o parasitismo de ovos de H. armigera por Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), linhagem comercial brasileira, foi estudado considerando o efeito da idade dos ovos (0-12, 24-36, e 48-60 h), densidades de ovos (15, 20, 25 e 30 ovos por fêmea), bem como o efeito de diferentes temperaturas (18, 21, 24, 27, 30 e 33 oC) na biologia do parasitoide. As maiores taxas de parasitismo foram obtidas em ovos de H. armigera com até 36 h e quando ofertados 20 ovos por fêmea. O limiar térmico inferior de desenvolvimento foi de 10,3 °C e a constante térmica de 130,38 GD. O aumento da temperatura atuou de forma inversa reduzindo o desenvolvimento do parasitoide de 18,67 dias para 6,10 dias, e o tempo médio de geração (T) de 20,9 dias para 7,5 dias, quando criados a 18 °C e 33 °C, respectivamente. A taxa líquida de reprodução (R0) não diferiu na faixa de 21 a 27 °C, enquanto que a taxa intrínseca de crescimento populacional (rm) aumentou até a 30 °C. O maior número de postura por fêmeas de T. pretiosum foi verificado no primeiro dia de vida para todas as temperaturas, exceto a 30 °C em que o maior parasitismo foi observado no segundo dia. A longevidade das fêmeas, assim como o ritmo de postura, decresceu com o aumento da temperatura. A maior taxa de fecundidade foi observada a 24 °C. Os resultados obtidos apontam que a linhagem brasileira de T. pretiosum possui potencial de utilização no controle biológico aplicado da praga nas diferentes condições de temperatura de ocorrência da mesma.

Le travail presente relate une description detaillee de la biologie de sesamia calamistis et de cotesia sesamiae. Les caracteristiques generales des baculovirus et des reovirus d'insectes sont egalement decrites. Pour effectuer son developpement chez la chenille de s. Calamistis, c. Sesamiae est associe a un systeme de cellules geantes ou teratocytes qui assurent sa nutrition. Les teratocytes derivent de la membrane embryonnaire de l'uf de c. Sesamiae. L'action pathogene du virus de polyedrose nucleaire de s. Calamistis et de deux virus de polyedroses cytoplasmiques de s. Calamistis a ete etudiee. Une interaction negative est constatee entre le virus de polyedrose nucleaire de s. Calamistis et les deux virus de polyedroses cytoplasmiques de s. Calamistis. Elle se traduit par le developpement des deux polyedroses cytoplasmiques de s. Calamistis. Elle se traduit par le developpement des deux polyedroses cytoplasmiques et l'inhibition de la polyedrose nucleaire. Par opposition, le virus de polyedrose nucleaire de mamestra brassicae n'est pas inhibe. La coexistence du virus de polyedrose nucleaire de m. Brassicae et de c. Sesamiae chez les chenilles de s. Calamistis a ete etudiee. Le developpement de c. Sesamiae n'est pas directement affecte par le virus de polyedrose nucleaire de m. Brassicae. C. Sesamiae meurt quand son hote infecte meurt d'une dose elevee de virus de polyedrose nucleaire. C. Sesamiae reussit a effectuer un developpement complet chez des chenilles infectees avec une dose faible de virus de polyedrose nucleaire

Spodoptera frugiperda é um inseto-praga responsável por altos níveis de desfolhamento em gramíneas cultivadas, sendo que, dentre os métodos de controle, o biológico pode vir a tornar-se uma alternativa. Foi feita uma revisão de literatura sobre parasitóides de S. frugiperda. A ocorrência de parasitóides desse inseto, em áreas de cultivo de milho da EEA/IRGA, foi avaliada em Cachoeirinha, RS. Verificou-se a presença de Chelonus sp., Cotesia sp. e Exaticolus sp. (Hym., Braconidae), Campoletis flavicincta e Ophion sp. (Hym., Ichneumonidae) e de Archytas incertus e Lespesia archippivora (Dip., Tachinidae), com predomínio de C. flavicincta. Em função da dificuldade de obtenção de fêmeas deste inseto em laboratório, foram avaliadas diferentes condições de criação. Desta forma, registrou-se uma razão sexual de 0,41 quando foram expostas lagartas de segundo ínstar de S. frugiperda, as fêmeas do parasitóide apresentavam idade entre 3 e 6 dias e os casais foram formados no momento da exposição. Por fim, aspectos referentes à interação entre C. flavicincta/S. frugiperda/B. thuringiensis aizawai, em laboratório, foram avaliados A partir de análise do consumo alimentar de folhas de milho, observou-se que lagartas parasitadas e infectadas apresentaram um menor consumo, apesar do mesmo não ter diferido daquele de lagartas apenas parasitadas. A mortalidade das lagartas parasitadas e infectadas foi superior tanto das infectadas quanto das parasitadas. Lagartas infectadas mostraram um período de alimentação que não diferiu das sadias, apesar de terem apresentado maior duração da fase larval. Indivíduos descendentes de casais que emergiram de lagartas infectadas não tiveram alteradas suas características biológicas. A análise histológica de lagartas parasitadas e infectadas indicou não ter havido alteração no ovo e larva do parasitóide, resultante da ação do bacilo. Pode-se, portanto, inferir que o uso conjunto do parasitóide e da bactéria não resulta em prejuízo para o parasitóide.