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Journal articles on the topic 'Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Rathore, Geetanjali, Paul Larsen, Manish Parakh, and Cristina Fernandez. "Choking at Night: A Case of Opercular Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2013 (2013): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/606385.

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Frontal lobe seizures have a tendency to occur in sleep and in most cases occur exclusively insleep; these individuals are said to have nocturnal frontal lobe (NFLE). NFLE can be difficult to distinguish clinically from various other sleep disorders, particularly parasomnias, which also present with paroxysmal motor activity in sleep. Interictal and ictal EEG findings are frequently unremarkable or nonspecific in both parasomnias and NFLE making the diagnosis even more difficult. Nocturnal epilepsy should be suspected in patients with paroxysmal events at night characterized by high frequency, repetition, extrapyramidal features, and marked stereotypy of attacks. Here we present a 13-year-old female who was extensively worked up for choking episodes at night. On repeat video EEG she was found to have frontal opercular seizures. Once on Carbamazepine, her seizures completely resolved.

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2

Halász, Péter, Anna Kelemen, and Anna Szűcs. "Physiopathogenetic Interrelationship between Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy and NREM Arousal Parasomnias." Epilepsy Research and Treatment 2012 (May 10, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/312693.

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Aims. To build up a coherent shared pathophysiology of NFLE and AP and discuss the underlying functional network. Methods. Reviewing relevant published data we point out common features in semiology of events, relations to macro- and microstructural dynamism of NREM sleep, to cholinergic arousal mechanism and genetic aspects. Results. We propose that pathological arousals accompanied by confused behavior with autonomic signs and/or hypermotor automatisms are expressions of the frontal cholinergic arousal function of different degree, during the condition of depressed cognition by frontodorsal functional loss in NREM sleep. This may happen either if the frontal cortical Ach receptors are mutated in ADNFLE (and probably also in genetically not proved nonlesional cases as well), or without epileptic disorder, in AP, assuming gain in receptor functions in both conditions. This hypothesis incorporates the previous “liberation theory” of Tassinari and the “state dissociation hypothesis” of Bassetti and Terzaghi). We propose that NFLE and IGE represent epileptic disorders of the two antagonistic twin systems in the frontal lobe. NFLE is the epileptic facilitation of the ergotropic frontal arousal system whereas absence epilepsy is the epileptic facilitation of burst-firing working mode of the spindle and delta producing frontal thalamocortical throphotropic sleep system. Significance. The proposed physiopathogenesis conceptualize epilepsies in physiologically meaningful networks.

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Halász, Péter. "Are Absence Epilepsy and Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy System Epilepsies of the Sleep/Wake System?" Behavioural Neurology 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/231676.

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System epilepsy is an emerging concept interpreting major nonlesional epilepsies as epileptic dysfunctions of physiological systems. I extend here the concept of reflex epilepsy to epilepsies linked to input dependent physiological systems. Experimental and clinical reseach data were collected to create a coherent explanation of underlying pathomechanism in AE and NFLE. We propose that AE should be interpreted as epilepsy linked to the corticothalamic burst-firing mode of NREM sleep, released by evoked vigilance level oscillations characterized by reactive slow wave response. In the genetic variation of NFLE the ascending cholinergic arousal system plays an essential role being in strong relationship with a gain mutation of the nicotinic acethylcholin receptors, rendering the arousal system hyperexcitable. I try to provide a more unitary interpretation for the variable seizure manifestation integrating them as different degree of pathological arosuals and alarm reactions. As a supporting hypothesis the similarity between arousal parasomnias and FNLE is shown, underpinned by overlaping pathomechanism and shared familiarity, but without epileptic features. Lastly we propose that both AE and NFLE are system epilepsies of the sleep-wake system representing epileptic disorders of the antagonistic sleep/arousal network. This interpretation may throw new light on the pathomechanism of AE and NFLE.

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4

Pisano, Fabio, Giuliana Sias, Alessandra Fanni, Barbara Cannas, António Dourado, Barbara Pisano, and Cesar A. Teixeira. "Convolutional Neural Network for Seizure Detection of Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy." Complexity 2020 (March 31, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4825767.

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The Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (NFLE) is a form of epilepsy in which seizures occur predominantly during sleep. In other forms of epilepsy, the commonly used clinical approach mainly involves manual inspection of encephalography (EEG) signals, a laborious and time-consuming process which often requires the contribution of more than one experienced neurologist. In the last decades, numerous approaches to automate this detection have been proposed and, more recently, machine learning has shown very promising performance. In this paper, an original Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture is proposed to develop patient-specific seizure detection models for three patients affected by NFLE. The performances, in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, exceed by several percentage points those in the most recent literature. The capability of the patient-specific models has been also tested to compare the obtained seizure onset times with those provided by the neurologists, with encouraging results. Moreover, the same CNN architecture has been used to develop a cross-patient seizure detection system, resorting to the transfer-learning paradigm. Starting from a patient-specific model, few data from a new patient are enough to customize his model. This contribution aims to alleviate the task of neurologists, who may have a robust indication to corroborate their clinical conclusions.

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5

Kanner, Andres M. "Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: There is Bad, Good, and Very Good News!" Epilepsy Currents 7, no. 5 (September 2007): 131–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7511.2007.00200.x.

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Surgical Treatment of Drug-Resistant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy. Nobili L, Francione S, Mai R, Cardinale F, Castana L, Tassi L, Sartori I, Didato G, Citterio A, Colombo N, Galli C, Lo Russo G, Cossu M. Brain 2007;130(Pt 2):561–573. Of the cases with nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE) 30% are refractory to antiepileptic medication, with several patients suffering from the effects of both ongoing seizures and disrupted sleep. From a consecutive series of 522 patients operated on for drug-resistant focal epilepsy, 21 cases (4%), whose frontal lobe seizures occurred almost exclusively (>90%) during sleep, were selected. All patients underwent a comprehensive pre-surgical evaluation, which included history, interictal EEG, scalp video-EEG monitoring, high-resolution MRI and, when indicated, invasive recording by stereo-EEG (SEEG). There were 11 males and 10 females, whose mean age at seizure onset was 6.2 years, mean age at surgery was 24.7 years and seizure frequency ranged from <20/month to >300/month. Nine patients reported excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Prevalent ictal clinical signs were represented by asymmetric posturing (6 cases), hyperkinetic automatisms (10 cases), combined tonic posturing and hyperkinetic automatisms (4 cases) and mimetic automatisms (1 case). All patients reported some kind of subjective manifestations. Interictal and ictal EEG provided lateralizing or localizing information in most patients. MRI was unrevealing in 10 cases and it showed a focal anatomical abnormality in one frontal lobe in 11 cases. Eighteen patients underwent a SEEG evaluation to better define the epileptogenic zone (EZ). All patients received a microsurgical resection in one frontal lobe, tailored according to pre-surgical evaluations. Two patients were operated on twice owing to poor results after the first resection. Histology demonstrated a Taylor-type focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in 16 patients and an architectural FCD in 4. In one case no histological change was found. After a post-operative follow-up of at least 12 months (mean 42.5 months) all the 16 patients with a Taylor's FCD were in Engel's Class Ia and the other 5 patients were in Engel's Classes II or III. After 6 months post-surgery EDS had disappeared in the 9 patients who presented this complaint pre-operatively. It is concluded that patients with drug-resistant, disabling sleep-related seizures of frontal lobe origin should be considered for resective surgery, which may provide excellent results both on seizures and on epilepsy-related sleep disturbances. An accurate pre-surgical evaluation, which often requires invasive EEG recording, is mandatory to define the EZ. Further investigation is needed to explain the possible causal relationships between FCD, particularly Taylor-type, and sleep-related seizures, as observed in this cohort of NFLE patients.

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6

Bisulli, Francesca, Luca Vignatelli, Federica Provini, Chiara Leta, Elio Lugaresi, and Paolo Tinuper. "Parasomnias and nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE): Lights and shadows – Controversial points in the differential diagnosis." Sleep Medicine 12 (December 2011): S27—S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2011.10.008.

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7

Ali, Hamed, and Suzanne Stevens. "1219 A CASE OF A NIGHT TIME AFFAIR." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.1213.

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Abstract Introduction Sleep associated seizures especially Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (NFLE) represents a spectrum of challenging clinical manifestations presenting as complex nocturnal movements/behaviors, making the diagnosis often difficult. Report of Case A 64 y/o male, with history of ongoing complex movements occurring during his sleep, with no history of strokes or neurological deficits. Had extensive neurologic workup (all negative) including routine electroencephalogram (EEG), prolonged inpatient EEG (12 hours), and MRI of the brain. Home sleep study showing moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) AHI 24/hour successfully treated with CPAP therapy (residual AHI 1.7/hour) with improved nighttime symptoms initially. Wife recalls events as happening only at night while sleep, as patient often confused upon waking up in the morning, at times appear to sit up and smack his lips. No nighttime hallucinations, sleep paralysis, or acting out dreams were reported. Had two episodes associated with tongue biting and loss of bladder control. Another episode happened after a daytime nap, patient went outside and was mowing his lawn, went “completely blank “, appeared confused. No daytime or nighttime seizures were ever noticed. Patient do not recall any of the above events. Repeat EEG was normal. MRI/MRA of the head /neck showed small tiny focus in left frontoparietal lobe, suggesting remote cortical ischemic injury. Polysomnography (PSG) with seizure montage showed Interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) foci recorded in the frontal/frontopolar leads without accompanying body movements. Interictal spike and wave activity seen during stage N2. Initially treated with carbamazepine (had skin reaction) switched to levetiracetam with complete resolution of his symptoms. Conclusion This case illustrates the importance of reviewing the clinical history, behavior semiology, and diagnostic ancillary testing such as polysomnography with EEG monitoring in distinguishing nocturnal epileptic seizures from other nocturnal complex behavior disorders and parasomnias.

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8

SIDDIQUI, MOHD, GEETIKA SRIVASTAVA, and HASAN SAEED. "Diagnosis of Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (NFLE) Sleep Disorder Using Short Time Frequency Analysis of PSD Approach Applied on EEG Signal." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 9, no. 1 (April 28, 2016): 393–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/951.

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9

Sharma, Manish, Jainendra Tiwari, Virendra Patel, and U. Rajendra Acharya. "Automated Identification of Sleep Disorder Types Using Triplet Half-Band Filter and Ensemble Machine Learning Techniques with EEG Signals." Electronics 10, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 1531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10131531.

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A sleep disorder is a medical condition that affects an individual’s regular sleeping pattern and routine, hence negatively affecting the individual’s health. The traditional procedures of identifying sleep disorders by clinicians involve questionnaires and polysomnography (PSG), which are subjective, time-consuming, and inconvenient. Hence, an automated sleep disorder identification is required to overcome these limitations. In the proposed study, we have proposed a method using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for the automated identification of six sleep disorders, namely insomnia, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE), narcolepsy, rapid eye movement behavior disorder (RBD), periodic leg movement disorder (PLM), and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). To the best of our belief, this is one of the first studies ever undertaken to identify sleep disorders using EEG signals employing cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) sleep database. After sleep-scoring EEG epochs, we have created eight different data subsets of EEG epochs to develop the proposed model. A novel optimal triplet half-band filter bank (THFB) is used to obtain the subbands of EEG signals. We have extracted Hjorth parameters from subbands of EEG epochs. The selected features are fed to various supervised machine learning algorithms for the automated classification of sleep disorders. Our proposed system has obtained the highest accuracy of 99.2%, 98.2%, 96.2%, 98.3%, 98.8%, and 98.8% for insomnia, narcolepsy, NFLE, PLM, RBD, and SDB classes against normal healthy subjects, respectively, applying ensemble boosted trees classifier. As a result, we have attained the highest accuracy of 91.3% to identify the type of sleep disorder. The proposed method is simple, fast, efficient, and may reduce the challenges faced by medical practitioners during the diagnosis of various sleep disorders accurately in less time at sleep clinics and homes.

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10

Sharma, Manish, Virendra Patel, Jainendra Tiwari, and U. Rajendra Acharya. "Automated Characterization of Cyclic Alternating Pattern Using Wavelet-Based Features and Ensemble Learning Techniques with EEG Signals." Diagnostics 11, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 1380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081380.

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Sleep is highly essential for maintaining metabolism of the body and mental balance for increased productivity and concentration. Often, sleep is analyzed using macrostructure sleep stages which alone cannot provide information about the functional structure and stability of sleep. The cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) is a physiological recurring electroencephalogram (EEG) activity occurring in the brain during sleep and captures microstructure of the sleep and can be used to identify sleep instability. The CAP can also be associated with various sleep-related pathologies, and can be useful in identifying various sleep disorders. Conventionally, sleep is analyzed using polysomnogram (PSG) in various sleep laboratories by trained physicians and medical practitioners. However, PSG-based manual sleep analysis by trained medical practitioners is onerous, tedious and unfavourable for patients. Hence, a computerized, simple and patient convenient system is highly desirable for monitoring and analysis of sleep. In this study, we have proposed a system for automated identification of CAP phase-A and phase-B. To accomplish the task, we have utilized the openly accessible CAP sleep database. The study is performed using two single-channel EEG modalities and their combination. The model is developed using EEG signals of healthy subjects as well as patients suffering from six different sleep disorders namely nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE), sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), narcolepsy, periodic leg movement disorder (PLM), insomnia and rapid eye movement behavior disorder (RBD) subjects. An optimal orthogonal wavelet filter bank is used to perform the wavelet decomposition and subsequently, entropy and Hjorth parameters are extracted from the decomposed coefficients. The extracted features have been applied to different machine learning algorithms. The best performance is obtained using ensemble of bagged tress (EBagT) classifier. The proposed method has obtained the average classification accuracy of 84%, 83%, 81%, 78%, 77%, 76% and 72% for NFLE, healthy, SDB, narcolepsy, PLM, insomnia and RBD subjects, respectively in discriminating phases A and B using a balanced database. Our developed model yielded an average accuracy of 78% when all 77 subjects including healthy and sleep disordered patients are considered. Our proposed system can assist the sleep specialists in an automated and efficient analysis of sleep using sleep microstructure.

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11

Sharma, Manish, Jainendra Tiwari, and U. Rajendra Acharya. "Automatic Sleep-Stage Scoring in Healthy and Sleep Disorder Patients Using Optimal Wavelet Filter Bank Technique with EEG Signals." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 17, 2021): 3087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063087.

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Sleep stage classification plays a pivotal role in effective diagnosis and treatment of sleep related disorders. Traditionally, sleep scoring is done manually by trained sleep scorers. The analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded during sleep by clinicians is tedious, time-consuming and prone to human errors. Therefore, it is clinically important to score sleep stages using machine learning techniques to get accurate diagnosis. Several studies have been proposed for automated detection of sleep stages. However, these studies have employed only healthy normal subjects (good sleepers). The proposed study focuses on the automated sleep-stage scoring of subjects suffering from seven different kind of sleep disorders such as insomnia, bruxism, narcolepsy, nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy (NFLE), periodic leg movement (PLM), rapid eye movement (REM) behavioural disorder and sleep-disordered breathing as well as normal subjects. The open source physionet’s cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) sleep database is used for this study. The EEG epochs are decomposed into sub-bands using a new class of optimized wavelet filters. Two EEG channels, namely F4-C4 and C4-A1, combined are used for this work as they can provide more insights into the changes in EEG signals during sleep. The norm features are computed from six sub-bands coefficients of optimal wavelet filter bank and fed to various supervised machine learning classifiers. We have obtained the highest classification performance using an ensemble of bagged tree (EBT) classifier with 10-fold cross validation. The CAP database comprising of 80 subjects is divided into ten different subsets and then ten different sleep-stage scoring tasks are performed. Since, the CAP database is unbalanced with different duration of sleep stages, the balanced dataset also has been created using over-sampling and under-sampling techniques. The highest average accuracy of 85.3% and Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of 0.786 and accuracy of 92.8% and Cohen’s Kappa coefficient of 0.915 are obtained for unbalanced and balanced databases, respectively. The proposed method can reliably classify the sleep stages using single or dual channel EEG epochs of 30 s duration instead of using multimodal polysomnography (PSG) which are generally used for sleep-stage scoring. Our developed automated system is ready to be tested with more sleep EEG data and can be employed in various sleep laboratories to evaluate the quality of sleep in various sleep disorder patients and normal subjects.

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12

Millichap, J. Gordon. "Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 10, no. 10 (October 1, 1996): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-10-10-2.

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13

Millichap, J. Gordon. "Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 13, no. 6 (June 1, 1999): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-13-6-10.

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14

Ferini-Strambi, L. "Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 103, no. 1 (July 1997): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4694(97)88179-9.

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15

Ryvlin, Philippe, Sylvain Rheims, and Gail Risse. "Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy." Epilepsia 47, s2 (November 2006): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00698.x.

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16

Millichap, J. Gordon. "Nocturnal Familial Frontal Lobe Epilepsy." Pediatric Neurology Briefs 12, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15844/pedneurbriefs-12-3-2.

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17

Oldani, Alessandro, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Marco Zucconi. "Symptomatic nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Seizure 7, no. 4 (August 1998): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1059-1311(98)80030-7.

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18

Scheffer, Ingrid E., Kailash P. Bhatia, Iscia Lopes-Cendes, David R. Fish, C. David Marsden, Eva Andermann, Frederick Andermann, et al. "Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Brain 118, no. 1 (February 1995): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/118.1.61.

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19

Scheffer, Ingrid E. "Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy." Epilepsia 41, no. 8 (August 2000): 1059–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb00298.x.

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20

Bonanni, Paolo, Anna Volzone, Giovanna Randazzo, Lisa Antoniazzi, Angelica Rampazzo, Maurizio Scarpa, and Lino Nobili. "Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy in mucopolysaccharidosis." Brain and Development 36, no. 9 (October 2014): 826–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2013.12.002.

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21

Derry, Christopher. "Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy vs Parasomnias." Current Treatment Options in Neurology 14, no. 5 (August 5, 2012): 451–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11940-012-0191-8.

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22

Provini, F., G. Plazzi, and E. Lugaresi. "From nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia to nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Clinical Neurophysiology 111 (September 2000): S2—S8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1388-2457(00)00396-5.

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23

Tinuper, Paolo, Francesca Bisulli, Federica Provini, Pasquale Montagna, and Elio Lugaresi. "Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: New pathophysiological interpretations." Sleep Medicine 12 (December 2011): S39—S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2011.10.009.

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24

Naldi, Ilaria, Francesca Bisulli, Luca Vignatelli, Laura Licchetta, Francesca Pittau, Lidia Di Vito, Barbara Mostacci, et al. "Tobacco habits in nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Epilepsy & Behavior 26, no. 1 (January 2013): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.10.014.

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Oldani, Alessandro, Mauro Manconi, Marco Zucconi, Cristina Martinelli, and Luigi Ferini-Strambi. "Topiramate treatment for nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Seizure 15, no. 8 (December 2006): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2006.07.002.

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Patrikelis, Panayiotis, George Konstantakopoulos, Efthymios Angelakis, Elias Angelopoulos, Stylianos Gatzonis, and Damianos E. Sakas. "Passivity Phenomena in Nocturnal Frontal-Lobe Epilepsy." Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 23, no. 2 (January 2011): E26—E27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/jnp.23.2.jnpe26.

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Oldani, Alessandro, Marco Zucconi, Salvatore Smirne, and Luigi Ferini-Strambi. "The neurophysiological evaluation of nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Seizure 7, no. 4 (August 1998): 317–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1059-1311(98)80025-3.

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Raju, G. Praveen, Dean P. Sarco, Annapurna Poduri, James J. Riviello, Ann Marie R. Bergin, and Masanori Takeoka. "Oxcarbazepine in Children With Nocturnal Frontal-Lobe Epilepsy." Pediatric Neurology 37, no. 5 (November 2007): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2007.06.013.

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Varadkar, Sophia, John S. Duncan, and J. Helen Cross. "Acetazolamide and Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy." Epilepsia 44, no. 7 (June 19, 2003): 986–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.53002.x.

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Ferini-Strambi, Luigi, Veronica Sansoni, and Romina Combi. "Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy and the Acetylcholine Receptor." Neurologist 18, no. 6 (November 2012): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nrl.0b013e31826a99b8.

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Oldani, Alessandro, Marco Zucconi, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, Daniele Bizzozero, and Salvatore Smirne. "Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy: Electroclinical Picture." Epilepsia 37, no. 10 (October 1996): 964–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00534.x.

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Parrino, Liborio, Fernando De Paolis, Giulia Milioli, Gioia Gioi, Andrea Grassi, Silvia Riccardi, Elena Colizzi, and Mario Giovanni Terzano. "Distinctive polysomnographic traits in nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Epilepsia 53, no. 7 (May 11, 2012): 1178–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2012.03502.x.

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Cheng, JocelynY, MariaR Lopez, DouglasM Wallace, and EnriqueJ Carrazana. "Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy presenting as excessive daytime sleepiness." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 2, no. 1 (2013): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.109969.

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34

Pisanu, P., F. Balconi, L. Tamburrino, M. G. Mascia, R. Lecca, G. Gioi, I. Laccu, P. Congiu, M. Figorilli, and M. Puligheddu. "Neurocognitive profile of patients with nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Sleep Medicine 40 (December 2017): e262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.767.

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35

Brodtkorb, Eylert, and Fabienne Picard. "Tobacco habits modulate autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Epilepsy & Behavior 9, no. 3 (November 2006): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.07.008.

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36

Oldani, A., M. Zucconi, C. Castronovo, and L. Ferini-Strambi. "Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy misdiagnosed as sleep apnea syndrome." Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 98, no. 1 (July 1998): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0404.1998.tb07381.x.

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37

Provini, Federica, Giuseppe Plazzi, Pasquale Montagna, and Elio Lugaresi. "The wide clinical spectrum of nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Sleep Medicine Reviews 4, no. 4 (August 2000): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/smrv.2000.0109.

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38

Mody, Istvan. "Calcium and Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy (ADNFLE)." Epilepsy Currents 3, no. 6 (November 2003): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1535-7597.2003.03603.x.

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39

Provini, Federica, Pasquale Montagna, Giuseppe Plazzi, and Elio Lugaresi. "Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: A wide spectrum of seizures." Movement Disorders 15, no. 6 (November 2000): 1264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1531-8257(200011)15:6<1264::aid-mds1033>3.0.co;2-4.

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40

Nobili, L., S. Francione, R. Mai, F. Cardinale, L. Castana, L. Tassi, I. Sartori, et al. "Surgical treatment of drug-resistant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Brain 130, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 561–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awl322.

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41

Tung, Leon, and Gregory Carter. "1062 Differentiating confusional parasomnias from nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Sleep 42, Supplement_1 (April 2019): A425—A426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsz069.1059.

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42

Mochi, M., F. Provini, G. Plazzi, R. Corsini, F. Farnedi, P. Tinuper, M. L. Valentino, E. Lugaresi, and P. Montagna. "Genetic heterogeneity in autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Italian Journal of Neurological Sciences 18, no. 3 (March 1997): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02048489.

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González, Jose S., Guadalupe Dorantes, Alfonso Alba, Martin O. Méndez, Sergio Camacho, Martin Luna-Rivera, Liborio Parrino, Silvia Riccardi, Mario G. Terzano, and Giulia Milioli. "Heart Rate Dynamics and their Relation with the Cyclic Alternating Pattern of Sleep in Normal Subjects and NFLE Patients." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 16, no. 02 (January 24, 2017): 1750012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477517500122.

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Abstract:

The aim of this work is to study the behavior of the autonomic system through variations in the heart rate (HR) during the Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) which is formed by A-phases. The analysis was carried out in 10 healthy subjects and 10 patients with Nocturnal Front Lobe Epilepsy (NFLE) that underwent one whole night of polysomnographic recordings. In order to assess the relation of A-phases with the cardiovascular system, two time domain features were computed: the amplitude reduction and time delay of the minimum of the R-R intervals with respect to A-phases onset. In addition, the same process was performed over randomly chosen R-R interval segments during the NREM sleep for baseline comparisons. A non-parametric bootstrap procedure was used to test differences of the kurtosis values of two populations. The results suggest that the onset of the A-phases is correlated with a significant increase of the HR that peaks at around 4[Formula: see text]s after the A-phase onset, independently of the A-phase subtype and sleep time for both healthy subjects and NFLE patients. Furthermore, the behavior of the reduction in the R-R intervals during the A-phases was significantly different for NFLE patients with respect to control subjects.

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Romigi, Andrea, Maria G. Marciani, Fabio Placidi, Laura R. Pisani, Francesca Izzi, Federico Torelli, and Chiara Prosperetti. "Oxcarbazepine in Nocturnal Frontal-Lobe Epilepsy: A Further Interesting Report." Pediatric Neurology 39, no. 4 (October 2008): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2008.07.015.

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Cho, Jae Wook, Dae Jin Kim, Kyung Ha Noh, Seonhye Kim, Jae Hyeok Lee, and Jee Hyun Kim. "Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy Presenting as Obstructive Type Sleep Apnea." Journal of Epilepsy Research 1, no. 2 (December 30, 2011): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14581/jer.11014.

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Phillips, H. A., C. Marini, I. E. Scheffer, G. R. Sutherland, J. C. Mulley, and S. F. Berkovic. "A de novo mutation in sporadic nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Annals of Neurology 48, no. 2 (August 2000): 264–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1531-8249(200008)48:2<264::aid-ana20>3.0.co;2-b.

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Meierkord, H., D. R. Fish, S. J. M. Smith, C. A. Scott, S. D. Shorvon, and C. D. Marsden. "Is nocturnal paroxysmal dystonia a form of frontal lobe epilepsy?" Movement Disorders 7, no. 1 (1992): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mds.870070107.

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Hildebrand, Michael S., Rick Tankard, Elena V. Gazina, John A. Damiano, Kate M. Lawrence, Hans‐Henrik M. Dahl, Brigid M. Regan, et al. "PRIMA1 mutation: a new cause of nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy." Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology 2, no. 8 (July 3, 2015): 821–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acn3.224.

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Kobayashi, Kenichiro, Maatoshi Ito, Tatsuya Fujii, Tomoko Miyajima, and Takehiko Okuno. "Autosomal Dominant Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy in a Japanese Family." Epilepsia 41, s9 (September 2000): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.2000.tb02239.x.

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Terzaghi, Michele, Ivana Sartori, Roberto Mai, Laura Tassi, Stefano Francione, Francesco Cardinale, Laura Castana, et al. "Sleep-related Minor Motor Events in Nocturnal Frontal Lobe Epilepsy." Epilepsia 48, no. 2 (February 2007): 335–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00929.x.

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