Journal articles: 'Nocturnal work'

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Ruiz, Francieli Silva, Marcus VL Santos, Ulisses A. Andrade, Lia RA Bittencourt, Sergio Tufik, and Marco Tulio de Mello. "Nocturnal shift work alters sleep pattern of adults." Journal of Neuroimmunology 275, no. 1-2 (October 2014): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2014.08.497.

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Sluckin, Alice. "Behavioral Social Work Treatment of Childhood Nocturnal Enuresis." Behavior Modification 13, no. 4 (October 1989): 482–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01454455890134007.

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Karelius, Saana, Jussi Vahtera, Jaana Pentti, Annika S. Lindroos, Pekka Jousilahti, Olli J. Heinonen, Sari Stenholm, and Teemu J. Niiranen. "The relation of work-related factors with ambulatory blood pressure and nocturnal blood pressure dipping among aging workers." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 93, no. 5 (December 31, 2019): 563–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-019-01510-8.

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Abstract Objectives Individuals with reduced nocturnal blood pressure (BP) dipping are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease compared to persons with normal BP dipping. Although the relation of work-related factors and BP has been studied extensively, very little is known of the association between work-related factors and 24-h BP patterns in aging workers. We examined the cross-sectional relation of work-related risk factors, including occupational status, work-time mode, job demands and job control, with ambulatory BP in aging workers, focusing on nocturnal BP dipping. Methods 208 workers (mean age 62 ± 3 years; 75% women) from two Finnish population-based cohort studies underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring. Work-related factors were inquired using a questionnaire. Nocturnal BP dipping was calculated as [1 − (asleep BP/awake BP)] × 100. Results Shift workers demonstrated a higher nocturnal diastolic BP dipping than regular day workers (19% vs. 17%, p = 0.03) and had a significantly higher systolic awake BP than regular day workers (136.5 mmHg vs. 132.5 mmHg, p = 0.03). Participants with high job demands demonstrated a smaller nocturnal systolic BP dipping than participants with low job demands (14% vs. 16%, p = 0.04). We did not observe significant differences in nocturnal systolic or diastolic BP dipping between groups categorized by occupational status or job control. Conclusions Although shift workers have a higher daytime BP than regular daytime workers, they exhibit greater nighttime BP dipping. Participants with high job demand had smaller nighttime BP dipping than participants with low job demand. Job control or occupation did not affect the 24-h ambulatory BP profile of aging workers.

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Cheng, Philip, Gabriel Tallent, Thomas John Bender, Kieulinh Michelle Tran, and Christopher L. Drake. "Shift Work and Cognitive Flexibility: Decomposing Task Performance." Journal of Biological Rhythms 32, no. 2 (March 23, 2017): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748730417699309.

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Deficits in cognitive functioning associated with shift work are particularly relevant to occupational performance; however, few studies have examined how cognitive functioning is associated with specific components of shift work. This observational study examined how circadian phase, nocturnal sleepiness, and daytime insomnia in a sample of shift workers ( N = 30) were associated with cognitive flexibility during the night shift. Cognitive flexibility was measured using a computerized task-switching paradigm, which produces 2 indexes of flexibility: switch cost and set inhibition. Switch cost represents the additional cognitive effort required in switching to a different task and can impact performance when multitasking is involved. Set inhibition is the efficiency in returning to previously completed tasks and represents the degree of cognitive perseveration, which can lead to reduced accuracy. Circadian phase was measured via melatonin assays, nocturnal sleepiness was assessed using the Multiple Sleep Latency Test, and daytime insomnia was assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index. Results indicated that those with an earlier circadian phase, insomnia, and sleepiness exhibited reduced cognitive flexibility; however, specific components of cognitive flexibility were differentially associated with circadian phase, insomnia, and sleepiness. Individuals with an earlier circadian phase (thus more misaligned to the night shift) exhibited larger switch costs, which was also associated with reduced task efficiency. Shift workers with more daytime insomnia demonstrated difficulties with cognitive inhibition, whereas nocturnal sleepiness was associated with difficulties in reactivating previous tasks. Deficits in set inhibition were also related to reduced accuracy and increased perseverative errors. Together, this study indicates that task performance deficits in shift work are complex and are variably impacted by different mechanisms. Future research may examine phenotypic differences in shift work and the associated consequences. Results also suggest that fatigue risk management strategies may benefit from increased scope and specificity in assessment of sleep, sleepiness, and circadian rhythms in shift workers.

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Holmbäck, Ulf, Anders Forslund, Arne Lowden, Jeanette Forslund, Torbjörn Åkerstedt, Maria Lennernäs, Leif Hambraeus, and Mats Stridsberg. "Endocrine responses to nocturnal eating - possible implications for night work." European Journal of Nutrition 42, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 75–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00394-003-0386-6.

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Van de Wiel, B. J. H., A. F. Moene, G. J. Steeneveld, P. Baas, F. C. Bosveld, and A. A. M. Holtslag. "A Conceptual View on Inertial Oscillations and Nocturnal Low-Level Jets." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 67, no. 8 (August 1, 2010): 2679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010jas3289.1.

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Abstract In the present work Blackadar’s concept of nocturnal inertial oscillations is extended. Blackadar’s concept describes frictionless inertial oscillations above the nocturnal inversion layer. The current work includes frictional effects within the nocturnal boundary layer. It is shown that the nocturnal wind speed profile describes an oscillation around the nocturnal equilibrium wind vector, rather than around the geostrophic wind vector (as in the Blackadar case). By using this perspective, continuous time-dependent wind profiles are predicted. As such, information on both the height and the magnitude of the nocturnal low-level jet is available as a function of time. Preliminary analysis shows that the proposed extension performs well in comparison with observations when a simple Ekman model is used to represent the equilibrium state in combination with a realistic initial velocity profile. In addition to jet dynamics, backward inertial oscillations are predicted at lower levels close to the surface, which also appear to be present in observations. The backward oscillation forms an important mechanism behind weakening low-level winds during the afternoon transition. Both observational and theoretical modeling studies are needed to explore this phenomenon further.

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MADOKORO, SHIGEKI, HIROKI NAKAGAWA, KIWAMU MISAKI, HISATAKA IHARA, TATSUHIKO ITO, and KIMINORI ISAKI. "Nocturnal melatonin profiles before and one year after beginning shift-work." Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 51, no. 1 (February 1997): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.1997.tb02360.x.

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Farley, C., and M. Emshwiller. "Efficiency of uphill locomotion in nocturnal and diurnal lizards." Journal of Experimental Biology 199, no. 3 (March 1, 1996): 587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.199.3.587.

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Nocturnal geckos can walk on level ground more economically than diurnal lizards. One hypothesis for why nocturnal geckos have a low cost of locomotion is that they can perform mechanical work during locomotion more efficiently than other lizards. To test this hypothesis, we compared the efficiency of the nocturnal gecko Coleonyx variegatus (average body mass 4.2 g) and the diurnal skink Eumeces skiltonianus (average body mass 4.8 g) when they performed vertical work during uphill locomotion. We measured the rate of oxygen consumption when each species walked on the level and up a 50 slope over a range of speeds. For Coleonyx variegatus, the energetic cost of traveling a unit distance (the minimum cost of transport, Cmin) increased from 1.5 to 2.7 ml O2 kg-1 m-1 between level and uphill locomotion. For Eumeces skiltonianus, Cmin increased from 2.5 to 4.7 ml O2 kg-1 m-1 between level and uphill locomotion. By taking the difference between Cmin for level and uphill locomotion, we found that the efficiency of performing vertical work during locomotion was 37 % for Coleonyx variegatus and 19 % for Eumeces skiltonianus. The similarity between the 1.9-fold difference in vertical efficiency and the 1.7-fold difference in the cost of transport on level ground is consistent with the hypothesis that nocturnal geckos have a lower cost of locomotion than other lizards because they can perform mechanical work during locomotion more efficiently.

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Plyushteva, Anna. "Commuting and the urban night: nocturnal mobilities in tourism and hospitality work." Journal of Policy Research in Tourism, Leisure and Events 11, no. 3 (December 9, 2018): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19407963.2018.1556673.

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Diette, Gregory B., Leona Markson, Elizabeth A. Skinner, Theresa T. H. Nguyen, Pamela Algatt-Bergstrom, and Albert W. Wu. "Nocturnal Asthma in Children Affects School Attendance, School Performance, and Parents' Work Attendance." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 154, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.154.9.923.

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Ruiz, FS, DS Rosa, IZ Zimberg, MV Santos, JO Nunes, JS Apostolico, LY Weckx, et al. "0681 AWAKE WITH THE ENEMY - VACCINATION RESPONSE IS REDUCED BY NOCTURNAL SHIFT WORK." Sleep 40, suppl_1 (April 28, 2017): A252—A253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepj/zsx050.680.

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Hafner, Marco, Fredrik L. Andersson, Teodor Burtea, Christian van Stolk, Michael Whitmore, Erez Yerushalmi, and Wendy M. Troxel. "Assessing the burden of nocturia in the workplace: the associations between nocturnal voiding, subjective well-being, work engagement and productivity." Journal of Medical Economics 23, no. 9 (June 2, 2020): 994–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13696998.2020.1767631.

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Talan, M. I., B. T. Engel, and P. H. Chew. "Systematic nocturnal atrial demand pacing results in high-output heart failure." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 1803–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.5.1803.

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Beat-to-beat parameters of heart rate (HR), intra-arterial blood pressure (BP), central venous pressure, and derived indexes of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were recorded 18 h/day (from 1800 to 1200 h the following day) in four monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during 20 control days followed by 20 days of atrial demand pacing. The pacing rate was set at approximately 10 beats/min above the fastest hourly average HR recorded during the control period, i.e., sufficient to prevent the normal nocturnal fall in HR. Nocturnal pacing resulted in progressive weekly increases in central venous BP and arterial BP. Analyses of levels and diurnal trends in hemodynamic parameters and cardiac function curves across consecutive 5-day periods of nocturnal pacing revealed a hemodynamic pattern characteristic of high-output heart failure, which progressively increased (week by week) during the early morning hours (0500–0700). Sustained elevated left ventricular work resulting from the prevention of a nocturnal fall in HR may have been responsible for the reduction in cardiac function seen in this experimental model.

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Savard, Roland, Marilyn Ramenofsky, and M. R. C. Greenwood. "A north-temperate migratory bird: a model for the fate of lipids during exercise of long duration." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 1443–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-216.

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Changes in deposition and the utilization of lipids during one night of migratory activity (nocturnal physical activity) were investigated in dark-eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis) held in large outdoor aviaries. During vernal migration (May), captive Juncos were sampled at the beginning and conclusion of one night of nocturnal restlessness. Comparisons of variables were drawn with control samples collected from birds in March. Measurements included body weight, fat stored in subcutaneous depots (adiposity), adipose and muscle lipoprotein lipase activity, and fat cell lipolysis. During the migratory period, body weight and adiposity were increased over levels measured in the March birds (p < 0.01). On the other hand, neither body weight nor adiposity were significantly altered as a result of nocturnal physical activity and no significant changes were observed in adipose lipoprotein lipase activity. Fat cell lipolysis was lower at the beginning than at the end of nocturnal physical activity while, the opposite was observed for muscle lipoprotein lipase activity (p < 0.05). These results suggest that the amount of work of one night of nocturnal physical activity modifies both muscle lipoprotein lipase activity and fat cell lipolysis in an interrelated fashion. This phenomenon could act to direct a steady supply of fatty acids to the site of energy utilization, i.e., flight muscles.Key words: lipoprotein lipase, fat cell lipolysis, exercise, lipids.

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Riedel, Marc, Stéphane Berrez, Didier Pelisse, Eric Brousse, Coralie Forget, Michel Marlot, Michael H. Smolensky, Yvan Touitou, and Alain Reinberg. "24-Hour Pattern of Work-Related Injury Risk of French Firemen: Nocturnal Peak Time." Chronobiology International 28, no. 8 (September 19, 2011): 697–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/07420528.2011.603170.

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Siordia, Carlos, and Athena K. Ramos. "Prevalence of daytime sleeping in the working population from estimates of nocturnal work shift." Journal of Epidemiological Research 1, no. 1 (August 14, 2015): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jer.v1n1p44.

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Background: Sunlight has been linked the circadian rhythms that regulate sleep. Few studies have attempted to provide estimates on the size of the “daytime sleeper” population. Specific aims: Estimate prevalence of daytime sleepers in the labor force population and identify which demographic characteristics are risk factors for daytime sleeping.Methods: Cross-sectional, community-dwelling, nationally representative, observational study used information on 6,405,063 labor force participants representing 132,682,344 individuals in the contiguous United States. Data from the American CommunitySurvey (ACS), Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS), 2009-2013 (5-year) file was used to identify daytime sleepers (i.e., those who arrived at work between 7:00 PM and 2:59 AM).Findings: While nighttime sleepers represented 65.9% (n = 87,426,814) of those in the labor force population, daytime sleepers represent 3.3% (n = 4,344,311). Race-ethnic minority status, being disabled, and having low levels of educational attainment were found to be risk factors for daytime sleeping.Conclusions: Even though relatively small, the objectively large (4.3 million) number of daytime sleepers requires sleepresearch to invest resources in understanding how health varies in this population relative to those who primarily sleep in theabsence of sunlight.

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Nagashima, Shunsuke, Madoka Osawa, Hiroto Matsuyama, Wataru Ohoka, Aemi Ahn, and Tomoko Wakamura. "Bright-light exposure during daytime sleeping affects nocturnal melatonin secretion after simulated night work." Chronobiology International 35, no. 2 (November 16, 2017): 229–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07420528.2017.1394321.

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Eastman, Charmane I., Liwen Liu, and Louis F. Fogg. "Circadian Rhythm Adaptation to Simulated Night Shift Work: Effect of Nocturnal Bright-Light Duration." Sleep 18, no. 6 (August 1995): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/18.6.399.

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Tinbergen, Joost, and Popko Wiersma. "NO NOCTURNAL ENERGETIC SAVINGS IN RESPONSE TO HARD WORK IN FREE-LIVING GREAT TITS." Netherlands Journal of Zoology 52, no. 2 (2003): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854203764817715.

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Marinache, Ramona. "Sleep, Work and Globalization: The Evening/Night Shift Employees in Call Centre in Romania." International Review of Social Research 6, no. 3 (May 1, 2016): 129–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/irsr-2016-0016.

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Abstract In order to ensure synchronized operation of companies who use workforce around the world, work schedules have been divided in two or three shifts and a large number of people work in evening or night shifts. Based on interviews with 25 employees of a call centre in Romania, I describe three processes: sleep desynchronization, i.e. working during night and sleeping during the day, synchronization with those having similar nocturnal schedules and, finally, its resynchronization with the mainstream. I describe the tensions and conflicts which accompany each such transformation.

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Vahle-Hinz, Tim, Eva Bamberg, Jan Dettmers, Niklas Friedrich, and Monika Keller. "Effects of work stress on work-related rumination, restful sleep, and nocturnal heart rate variability experienced on workdays and weekends." Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 19, no. 2 (April 2014): 217–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0036009.

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P, Mahalakshmi, Suriyaprakash T N K, and S. Lakshmana Prabu. "Chronomodulated Delivery of Pantoprazole for Nocturnal Hyperacidity." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 8, no. 4 (November 30, 2015): 3038–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2015.8.4.7.

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The objective of this work was to design and evaluate an oral site-specific, pulsatile drug delivery system containing Pantoprazole sodium which can be targeted to colon in a pH and time dependent manner, to modulate the drug level in synchrony with the circadian rhythm of nocturnal hyperacidity. Five different composition of Core tablets were prepared by direct compression technique. Based on the release studies of core tablets, nine different compositions of press coated tablets were prepared and analyzed. The press coated tablet further coated by using five different proportions of Eudragit RS PO for providing consistent, reproducible chronomodulated release profile. Formulation FPC3 is more suitable among the formulations to design pulsatile release formulations of pantoprazole sodium for 6 hours lag time. After this lag time burst release was observed which exhibited sigmodial release pattern and that was considered to be an ideal for the pulsatile drug delivery system. The chronomodulated drug delivery systems for pantoprazole sodium for the treatment of hyperacidity was successfully developed and the release of the drug was sharp and complete after the lag time which is necessary for any pulsatile drug delivery systems.

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Müller, Monika. "Escaping (into) the night… : Organizations and work at night." Organization Studies 41, no. 8 (April 15, 2019): 1101–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840619830138.

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Despite the increasing normalization of nightwork, organizational researchers typically study organizations and work as daytime phenomena. A nocturnal lens, nevertheless, can provide a different picture of what is going on in organizations. In this paper, I introduce nightwork into organization studies with a qualitative case study of two research sites (a factory and a hospital laboratory), and analyse employee experiences at night and responses to differences between night- and dayshifts. This study contributes to literature on agency and escape, highlighting that night enables and encourages escape in ways that differ from those during the day. Moreover, the study shows that while employees can ‘escape into the night’ to avoid daytime rules and pressures, many also need to ‘escape from the night’ and the physical and mental exhaustion nightwork entails. The paper concludes by pointing to further research on night in organizations, nightwork and escape.

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Pimenta, Catarina, Carla Morais, and Raul Fangueiro. "The Thermal Colour and the Emissivity of Printed Pigments on Knitted Fabrics for Application in Diurnal Thermal Camouflage Garments." Key Engineering Materials 812 (July 2019): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.812.127.

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This work compares thermal colour and emissivity of different pigments printed on to two types of jersey knitted fabrics (cotton and polyester). In order to analyze and differentiate the thermal colours of the knitted fabrics samples, diurnal and nocturnal thermal images of a female body were captured in an outdoor environment using a thermal imaging camera. Five pigments (white, black, yellow, magenta and cyan blue) were analyzed in a conditioned environment, simulating atmospheric (diurnal/nocturnal) and skin temperature, using a climatic chamber, a thermal manikin and a thermal imaging camera. The thermal tests allowed identifying the thermal colour of the printed pigments for application in the diurnal thermal camouflage garments.

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Harwood, A. J., N. B. Metcalfe, J. D. Armstrong, and S. W. Griffiths. "Spatial and temporal effects of interspecific competition between Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) in winter." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58, no. 6 (June 1, 2001): 1133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f01-061.

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Previous work has shown that juvenile stream-dwelling salmonids become predominantly nocturnal during winter by emerging from daytime refuges to feed, with several species having been shown to prefer slow-flowing water while active at night. We used seminatural stream channels, landscaped to provide a choice of water depths, and hence velocities, to test whether Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, and brown trout, Salmo trutta, show similar habitat preferences during winter. We also tested whether there was any spatial or temporal displacement of Atlantic salmon when in sympatry with brown trout. Nighttime observations revealed that Atlantic salmon did have a preference for slow-flowing water. However, when in direct competition with trout, salmon either remained predominantly nocturnal but occupied shallower water, or became significantly less nocturnal, spending more time active during the day than when in allopatry. These results, which were especially marked in relatively larger fish, indicate that competition between the two species for food and resources is not restricted to the summer months and may affect both the short- and long-term growth and survival of overwintering wild Atlantic salmon.

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J. Patel, Deven, and Nirav Bhatt. "Analytical Review of Major Nocturnal Pests’ Detection Technique using Computer Vision." Oriental journal of computer science and technology 11, no. 3 (July 17, 2018): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojcst11.03.06.

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Research in agriculture is increasing quality and quantity, but pest reduces it. To prevent the effect of these pests, insecticides are used. But excessive use of pesticides is very harmful to production and environment. So initially pest detection is necessary. We work on nocturnal pests because that can be easily attracting using night trapping tools. The purpose of this review article is to analyse the popular techniques and find the right technique for the initial diagnosis and early detection of major nocturnal flying pests like Pink Bollworm, White Grub, Helicoverpa and Spodoptera. The importance of early detection can be in identifying and classifying the pests in a digital view. We have concluded our results with the various methods and the prospects of future research.

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Burke, P. G. R., S. G. Carter, F. Knapman, J. Patti, M. Butlin, S. C. Gandevia, J. E. Butler, D. J. Eckert, and L. E. Bilston. "Nocturnal swallowing augments arousal intensity and arousal tachycardia." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 15 (March 30, 2020): 8624–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907393117.

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Cortical arousal from sleep is associated with autonomic activation and acute increases in heart rate. Arousals vary considerably in their frequency, intensity/duration, and physiological effects. Sleep and arousability impact health acutely (daytime cognitive function) and long-term (cardiovascular outcomes). Yet factors that modify the arousal intensity and autonomic activity remain enigmatic. In this study of healthy human adults, we examined whether reflex airway defense mechanisms, specifically swallowing or glottic adduction, influenced cardiac autonomic activity and cortical arousal from sleep. We found, in all subjects, that swallows trigger rapid, robust, and patterned tachycardia conserved across wake, sleep, and arousal states. Tachycardia onset was temporally matched to glottic adduction—the first phase of swallow motor program. Multiple swallows increase the magnitude of tachycardia via temporal summation, and blood pressure increases as a function of the degree of tachycardia. During sleep, swallows were overwhelmingly associated with arousal. Critically, swallows were causally linked to the intense, prolonged cortical arousals and marked tachycardia. Arousal duration and tachycardia increased in parallel as a function of swallow incidence. Our findings suggest that cortical feedback and tachycardia are integrated responses of the swallow motor program. Our work highlights the functional influence of episodic, involuntary airway defense reflexes on sleep and vigilance and cardiovascular function in healthy individuals.

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Piccin, Chaiane Facco, Daniela Pozzebon, and Eliane Castilhos Rodrigues Corrêa. "PROBLEMAS RELACIONADOS AO SONO E INFLUÊNCIA DA DOR NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA EM PACIENTES COM DISFUNÇÃO TEMPOROMANDIBULAR." Manual Therapy, Posturology & Rehabilitation Journal 13 (September 27, 2015): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.17784/mtprehabjournal.2015.13.279.

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Introduction: Sleep is an inherent condition of life itself, and the physical and mental health is associated with an efficient sleep which in turn contributes to a good quality of life. Objective: To analyze the association between reports of sleep-related problems and the impact of pain on quality of life, and the frequency of reporting nocturnal oral parafunction in patients with dysfunction temporomandibular. Method: 32 subjects with a diagnosis of dysfunction temporomandibular through protocol "Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders", were evaluated with the analysis of the association of issues related to the influence of pain on quality of life and sleep-related problems and nocturnal oral parafunction. Results: There was a significant positive relation between the quality of sleep (difficulty falling asleep, waking up at dawn and restless or disturbed sleep) and the influence of pain on quality of life of individuals with dysfunction temporomandibular (interference with daily activities, willingness to participate in leisure, social and family activities and the ability to work) on most issues evaluated. As the nocturnal oral parafunction, 90.62% of the subjects complained of squeaks and/or clenching of the teeth during sleep, and 78.13% reported feeling tired or sore jaw upon waking in the morning. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the greater the occurrence of problems related to sleep, the higher the impact of pain on quality of life of patients with dysfunction temporomandibular. Also there was a high frequency of nocturnal parafunctional habits in the evaluated patients.

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Parker, Matthew D. "Self-Organization and Maintenance of Simulated Nocturnal Convective Systems from PECAN." Monthly Weather Review 149, no. 4 (April 2021): 999–1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-20-0263.1.

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AbstractThe Plains Elevated Convection at Night (PECAN) field project was designed to explain the evolution and structures of nocturnal mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and relate them to specific mechanisms and environmental ingredients. The present work examines four of the strongest and best-organized PECAN cases, each numerically simulated at two different levels of complexity. The suite of simulations enables a longitudinal look at how nocturnal MCSs resemble (or differ from) more commonly studied diurnal MCSs. All of the simulations produce at least some surface outflow (“cold pools”), with stronger outflows occurring in environments with more CAPE and weaker near-ground stability. As these surface outflows emerge, the lifting of near-ground air occurs, causing each simulated nocturnal MCS to ultimately become “surface-based.” The end result in each simulation is a quasi-linear convective system (QLCS) that is most intense toward the downshear flank of its cold pool, with the classical appearance of many afternoon squall lines. This pathway of evolution occurs both in fully heterogeneous real-world-like simulations and horizontally homogeneous idealized simulations. One of the studied cases also exhibits a back-building “rearward off-boundary development” stage, and this more complex behavior is also well simulated in both model configurations. As a group, the simulations imply that a wide range of nocturnal MCS behaviors may be self-organized (i.e., not reliant on larger-scale features external to the convection).

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Scott, Allan I. F. "Attempted Strangulation During Phenothiazine-Induced Sleep-Walking and Night Terrors." British Journal of Psychiatry 153, no. 5 (November 1988): 692–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.153.5.692.

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A patient who resumed sleep-walking as an adult is described. The failure to diagnose his disturbed nocturnal behaviour as sleep-walking kept him from his work for over 8 months, and led to a treatment which exacerbated the behaviour. The diagnosis was made when the patient attempted to strangle his wife.

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Watkins, Colyn J., Paul L. Feingold, Barry Hashimoto, Laura S. Johnson, and Christopher J. Dente. "Nocturnal Violence: Implications for Resident Trauma Operative Experiences." American Surgeon 78, no. 6 (June 2012): 657–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481207800618.

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Trauma centers face novel challenges in resource allocation in an era of cost consciousness and work-hour restrictions. Studies have shown that time of day and day of week affect trauma admission volume; however, these studies were performed in cold climates. Data from 2000 to 2010 at a Level I trauma center were reviewed. Demographic, injury severity, and injury timing from 23,827 trauma patients were analyzed along with their emergency department disposition (operating room, intensive care unit, ward) and final outcome. Nighttime arrivals (NAs) accounted for 56.6 per cent and daytime arrivals accounted for 43.4 per cent of total admissions. The increase in NAs was most pronounced during the period from midnight to 6 AM on weekends ( P < 0.05). Also, the period from midnight to 6 AM on weekends showed a significantly increased proportion of penetrating trauma ( P < 0.01). Similarly, there was an increased rate of trauma arrivals needing emergent operative intervention in the period between midnight and 6 AM on weekends when compared with any other time period ( P < 0.01). In a southern Level I trauma center, patient volume varies nonrandomly with time. Emergent operative intervention is more likely between midnight and 6 AM, the peak time for penetrating trauma. Because resident operative experience is maximized at night and on weekends, coverage during these periods should remain a priority for residency programs.

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Basu, S., A. Ruiz-Columbié, J. A. Phillipson, and S. Harshan. "Local scaling characteristics of Antarctic surface layer turbulence." Cryosphere 4, no. 3 (September 2, 2010): 325–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-4-325-2010.

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Abstract. Over the past years, several studies have validated Nieuwstadt's local scaling hypothesis by utilizing turbulence observations from the mid-latitude, nocturnal stable boundary layers. In this work, we probe into the local scaling characteristics of polar, long-lived stable boundary layers by analyzing turbulence data from the South Pole region of the antarctic plateau.

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Basu, S., A. Ruiz-Columbié, J. A. Phillipson, and S. Harshan. "Local scaling characteristics of Antarctic surface layer turbulence." Cryosphere Discussions 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 409–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-4-409-2010.

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Abstract. Over the past years, several studies have validated Nieuwstadt's local scaling hypothesis by utilizing turbulence observations from the mid-latitude, nocturnal stable boundary layers. In this work, we probe into the local scaling characteristics of polar, long-lived stable boundary layers by analyzing turbulence data from the South Pole region of the Antarctic Plateau.

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Geli Julbe, Jaume. "L’Arbre Caigut, 2018." Barcelona Investigación Arte Creación 6, no. 3 (October 3, 2018): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/brac.2018.3625.

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Photographic selection of parts of the work "L'arbre caigut", included in Projecte L (Project L), a set of works from the period 22/02/2017 - 02/22/2018. The deterioration of a plum folded after a storm and the peculiar position it adopts, between two different heights, frozen in a brief temporary period. The body of the tree, reconstructed inside an exhibition, accompanied by elements of its original habitat, and of two nocturnal images, propose a reflexive truce on the presence of inert elements and on the imprecise limits of life.

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Hallman, David, Niklas Krause, Magnus Jensen, Nidhi Gupta, Marie Birk Jørgensen, and Andreas Holtermann. "Objectively Measured Sitting and Standing in Workers: Cross-Sectional Relationship with Autonomic Cardiac Modulation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4 (February 22, 2019): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040650.

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Excessive sitting and standing are proposed risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), possibly due to autonomic imbalance. This study examines the association of objectively measured sitting and standing with nocturnal autonomic cardiac modulation. The cross-sectional study examined 490 blue-collar workers in three Danish occupational sectors. Sitting and standing during work and leisure were assessed during 1–5 days using accelerometers. Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) were obtained during nocturnal sleep as markers of resting autonomic modulation. The associations of sitting and standing still (h/day) with HR and HRV were assessed with linear regression models, adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, smoking, and physical activity. More sitting time during leisure was associated with elevated HR (p = 0.02), and showed a trend towards reduced HRV. More standing time at work was associated with lower HR (p = 0.02), and with increased parasympathetic indices of HRV (root mean squared successive differences of R-R intervals p = 0.05; high-frequency power p = 0.07). These findings, while cross-sectional and restricted to blue-collar workers, suggest that sitting at leisure is detrimental to autonomic cardiac modulation, but standing at work is beneficial. However, the small effect size is likely insufficient to mitigate the previously shown detrimental effects of prolonged standing on CVD.

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Degelia, Samuel K., Xuguang Wang, David J. Stensrud, and Aaron Johnson. "Understanding the Impact of Radar and In Situ Observations on the Prediction of a Nocturnal Convection Initiation Event on 25 June 2013 Using an Ensemble-Based Multiscale Data Assimilation System." Monthly Weather Review 146, no. 6 (June 2018): 1837–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-17-0128.1.

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The initiation of new convection at night in the Great Plains contributes to a nocturnal maximum in precipitation and produces localized heavy rainfall and severe weather hazards in the region. Although previous work has evaluated numerical model forecasts and data assimilation (DA) impacts for convection initiation (CI), most previous studies focused only on convection that initiates during the afternoon and not explicitly on nocturnal thunderstorms. In this study, we investigate the impact of assimilating in situ and radar observations for a nocturnal CI event on 25 June 2013 using an ensemble-based DA and forecast system. Results in this study show that a successful CI forecast resulted only when assimilating conventional in situ observations on the inner, convection-allowing domain. Assimilating in situ observations strengthened preexisting convection in southwestern Kansas by enhancing buoyancy and locally strengthening low-level convergence. The enhanced convection produced a cold pool that, together with increased convergence along the northwestern low-level jet (LLJ) terminus near the region of CI, was an important mechanism for lifting parcels to their level of free convection. Gravity waves were also produced atop the cold pool that provided further elevated ascent. Assimilating radar observations further improved the forecast by suppressing spurious convection and reducing the number of ensemble members that produced CI along a spurious outflow boundary. The fact that the successful CI forecasts resulted only when the in situ observations were assimilated suggests that accurately capturing the preconvective environment and specific mesoscale features is especially important for nocturnal CI forecasts.

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Ohashi, Kaz, and Andreas Jürgens. "Three options are better than two: compensatory nature of different pollination modes in Salix caprea L." Journal of Pollination Ecology 28 (July 9, 2021): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2021)627.

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Mixed pollination systems have been reported for many angiosperms. Here, we report on a dioecious willow, Salix caprea L., which employs three pollination modes, namely pollination by wind, nocturnal moths, and diurnal bees. In four field populations of S. caprea in Germany, we addressed the following questions: (a) How are the pollination modes affected by local mate availability? (b) What is the contribution of each pollination mode to seed set? (c) How does flower opening time affect pollination? We compared seed set among seven pollination treatments (wind pollination, diurnal pollination, nocturnal pollination, natural pollination, apomictic reproduction, daytime/night-time artificial pollination). Pollen limitation was observed across populations. On the other hand, limitations in mate availability affected the pollination modes differently. Insect pollination outperformed wind pollination in situations where nearby males were few or all positioned in the same direction from the females. The contribution of nocturnal moths was lower than that of the other pollen vectors. However, moth pollination worked complementarily with bee pollination in compensating for the lack of wind pollination. Furthermore, we found that the onset of flower anthesis peaked at sunset, and that cold night temperatures had no negative effect on seed set or pollen viability. Thus, nocturnal anthesis and prior pollination by moths may minimize male fitness loss due to pollen collection and grooming by bees. We suggest that S. caprea maximizes its fitness by combining multiple pollination modes that work in different environmental conditions, while optimizing the anthesis so that more pollen would be delivered to stigmas.

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Walter, Scott T., Luke Browne, Juan Freile, Nelson González, Julio Loor, Michael Darkes, Thomas W. Gillespie, and Jordan Karubian. "Nocturnal bird diversity in forest fragments in north-west Ecuador." Journal of Tropical Ecology 33, no. 6 (November 2017): 357–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467417000372.

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Abstract:Habitat preferences and response to habitat conversion remain under-studied for many groups in the tropics, limiting our understanding of how environmental and anthropogenic factors may interact to shape patterns of diversity. To help fill this knowledge gap, we surveyed nocturnal birds such as owls, nightjars and potoos through auditory transect surveys in 22 forest fragments (2.7 to 33.6 ha) in north-west Ecuador. We assessed the relative effect of habitat characteristics (e.g. canopy height and openness, and density of large trees) and fragment attributes (e.g. area, altitude and proportion of surrounding forest cover) on species richness and community composition. Based on our previous work, we predicted that nocturnal bird richness would be highest in relatively larger fragments with more surrounding forest cover. We recorded 11 total species with an average ± SD of 3.4 ± 1.4 (range = 2–7) species per fragment, with higher richness in fragments that were larger, at lower altitudes, and characterized by more open canopies. Nocturnal bird community similarity was not significantly correlated with any measured environmental variable. These results indicate that both landscape (e.g. altitude) and fragment-specific (e.g. size, forest structure) attributes are likely to interact to shape patterns of diversity among this poorly known but ecologically important guild in fragmented tropical landscapes.

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Engel, B. T., M. I. Talan, and P. H. Chew. "Effect of nocturnal atrial demand cardiac pacing on diurnal hemodynamic patterns." Journal of Applied Physiology 72, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 1798–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.72.5.1798.

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Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), intra-arterial blood pressure, and central venous pressure were recorded on a beat-to-beat basis, 18 h/day (1800–1200 h the following day), for approximately 2 mo in four monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Cardiac output, left ventricular work, and total peripheral resistance were derived from these primary measurements. During the 1st mo we measured these parameters under control conditions, and during the 2nd mo the animals were studied while HR was paced by atrial demand pacing sufficient to prevent the normal nocturnal fall in HR (approximately 10 beats/min above the fastest hourly average rate recorded during the control condition). The main hypothesis of this study was that when HR is prevented from falling, SV, which normally does not fall overnight, would fall; this hypothesis was confirmed. In addition, we observed that, during the period of pacing, relative to the control period, SV was approximately 14% greater during the early evening and 4% lower during the early morning; total peripheral resistance was similar during the early evening but was 13% higher by morning. Throughout the night, systolic pressure was approximately 4% greater, diastolic pressure was 17% higher, central venous pressure was 43% greater, and left ventricular work was 27% higher. These findings show that when HR is prevented from falling overnight by atrial demand pacing, even to a relatively modest degree, there can be very significant sustained changes in cardiovascular function.

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Dillon, Richard, Patrick Murphy, Craig Davidson, Adrian Williams, Kate Brignall, Sean Higgins, Dawn Evans, Nicholas Hart, and Jo Howard. "Prevalence of Nocturnal Hypoxia and Its Association with Disease Severity in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.261.261.

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Abstract Abstract 261 Introduction: In children with sickle cell disease (SCD), obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is common and the degree of overnight hypoxia is closely correlated with disease severity, particularly frequency of painful crises, risk of stroke and presence of pulmonary hypertension. No studies have examined the prevalence or effects of OSA in adults with SCD. Methods: All adults with SCD attending routine sickle cell out-patient clinics were offered screening for OSA using the Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS) questionnaire. All of those in whom the score was >10 or in whom there was a high clinical suspicion of OSA were offered overnight domiciliary oximetry. Oximetry traces were both analysed by computer and manually. Computerised analysis was used to quantify night time hypoxic load (mean nocturnal SpO2 and sleep time with SpO2 below 90%) and frequency of desaturation (number of times per hour the SpO2 dropped by >4%, or Overnight Desaturation Index, ODI). Manual analysis of each trace was performed by four independent sleep physicians who assigned a diagnosis of normal, OSA, non-OSA nocturnal hypoxia or inadequate based on the pattern of the oxygen saturation and heart rate traces. These parameters were then correlated with measures of disease severity and presence of complications taken from the patient's medical record. Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test and linear regression. Results: 93 patients completed the ESS, with 34 patients identified for subsequent oximetry (26 ESS>10, 8 clinical suspicion). 22 patients went on to have subsequent oximetry. 17/22 of recordings (77%) were abnormal of which 11 showed OSA (65%) and 6 showed nocturnal hypoxia without OSA (35%). Nocturnal hypoxic load, measured as mean overnight oxygen saturation, was correlated with glomerular filtration rate (r=0.5; p=0.0008) and pulmonary artery systolic pressure estimated by echocardiography (r=0.71; p=0.0001). Furthermore, urine protein level correlated with ODI (r=0.5 p=0.0007) and mean overnight oxygen saturation (r=0.35; p=0.02). In addition, mean overnight oxygen saturation was 87% in male patients that experienced priapism and 94% in those who did not (p=0.004). Mean ODI was 10/hr in patients with priapism and 4 in those without (p=0.008). There were no correlations demonstrated between either hypoxic load or ODI with the frequency of painful crises, frequency of hospital admissions or avascular necrosis. Lung function test parameters, history of chest syndrome, hydroxyurea therapy and Epworth score did not predict either hypoxic load or ODI. However, daytime SpO2 were highly predictive of nocturnal hypoxic load (r=0.69 p=0.0000007) but not ODI. Conclusion: OSA and non-OSA nocturnal hypoxia are common in adults with sickle cell disease. The degree of nocturnal hypoxia is associated with impaired renal function, proteinuria, priapism and pulmonary hypertension. Daytime SpO2 appears to be a better predictor of night time hypoxic load than daytime somnolence. Further work is needed to investigate the effect of interventions such as nocturnal oxygen therapy or continuous positive airway pressure on the associations reported. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Hall, Joseph. "Behavior of River Otters in the Oxbow Bend Vicinity, Grand Teton National Park 1997 Season." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 21 (January 1, 1997): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1997.3313.

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1997 was the third and final season devoted to gaining information on the behavior of river otters with most emphasis on nocturnal and diurnal activity. As in the 1995 and 1996 seasons, six automatic camera monitors, activated by treadle switches, were put out at sites often frequented by these animals. In addition, canoes were frequently used for daytime patrols. Field work occurred from July 8 - August 6.

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Veerreddy, Prashant. "Hemoglobinuria Misidentified as Hematuria: Review of Discolored Urine and Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria." Clinical Medicine Insights: Blood Disorders 6 (January 2013): CMBD.S11517. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmbd.s11517.

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Discolored urine is a common reason for office visits to a primary care physician and urology referral. Early differentiation of the type or cause of discolored urine is necessary for accurate diagnosis and prompt management. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a clonal disorder caused by acquired somatic mutations in the PIG-A gene on the X-chromosome of hemopoietic stem cells and leads to deficiency of surface membrane anchor proteins. The deficiency of these proteins leads to an increased risk of hemolysis of erythrocytes and structural damage of platelets, resulting in a clinical syndrome characterized by complement-mediated intravascular hemolytic anemia, bone marrow failure, and venous thrombosis. Patients with this clinical syndrome present with paroxysms of hemolysis, causing hemoglobinuria manifesting as discolored urine. This can be easily confused with other common causes of discolored urine and result in extensive urologic work-up. Three commonly confused entities of discolored urine include hematuria, hemoglobinuria, and myoglobinuria. Specific characteristics in a dipstick test or urinalysis can guide differentiation of these three causes of discolored urine. This article begins with a case summary of a woman presenting with cranberry-colored urine and a final delayed diagnosis of paryxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Her hemoglobinuria was misdiagnosed as hematuria, leading to extensive urologic work-up. The article also gives an overview of the approach to diagnosing and treating discolored urine.

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Penteriani, Vincenzo, and María del Mar Delgado. "Living in the dark does not mean a blind life: bird and mammal visual communication in dim light." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1717 (April 5, 2017): 20160064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0064.

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For many years, it was believed that bird and mammal communication ‘in the dark of the night’ relied exclusively on vocal and chemical signalling. However, in recent decades, several case studies have conveyed the idea that the nocturnal world is rich in visual information. Clearly, a visual signal needs a source of light to work, but diurnal light (twilight included, i.e. any light directly dependent on the sun) is not the only source of luminosity on this planet. Actually, moonlight represents a powerful source of illumination that cannot be neglected from the perspective of visual communication. White patches of feathers and fur on a dark background have the potential to be used to communicate with conspecifics and heterospecifics in dim light across different contexts and for a variety of reasons. Here: (i) we review current knowledge on visual signalling in crepuscular and nocturnal birds and mammals; and (ii) we also present some possible cases of birds and mammals that, due to the characteristics of their feather and fur coloration pattern, might use visual signals in dim light. Visual signalling in nocturnal animals is still an emerging field and, to date, it has received less attention than many other means of communication, including visual communication under daylight. For this reason, many questions remain unanswered and, sometimes, even unasked. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Vision in dim light’.

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Flores, Federico, Andrés Arriagada, Nicolás Donoso, Andrés Martínez, Aldo Viscarra, Mark Falvey, and Rainer Schmitz. "Investigation of a Nocturnal Cold-Air Pool in a Semiclosed Basin Located in the Atacama Desert." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 59, no. 12 (December 2020): 1953–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-19-0237.1.

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AbstractIn desert environments, intense radiative cooling of the surface during the night leads to rapid cooling of the adjacent air, resulting in a strong temperature inversion conducive to cold-air-pool formation. In this work observations are analyzed to investigate the structure of a nocturnal cold-air pool inside a semiclosed basin located near Sierra Gorda in the Atacama Desert in Chile and its effect on dust dispersion in the area. The measurement campaign was conducted over a 5-day period (14–19 August) in 2017 and included ceilometer data, vertical profiles of temperature, a grid of fixed ground stations, and mobile temperature sensors. We focus our attention on the conditions during periods of high levels of dust pollution, in order to understand the atmospheric conditions that contribute to these episodes. The analysis of the available data confirms the development of an intense nocturnal cold-air pool, which is reflected in a strong nocturnal potential temperature inversion (18 K in 150 m) and a 30°C diurnal temperature range. A comparison of the vertical distribution of dust and temperature shows that the capping inversion controls the location of the dust cloud. As a consequence, the highest dust concentrations were observed inside the cold pool, below the capping inversion, proving that within the basin the dust is confined to the layer where its source is located.

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Arnett, Lily, David Kalmbach, Louise O’Brien, D’Angela Pitts, Nicholas Harb, and Christopher Drake. "541 Cognitive Hyperarousal, Sleep Problems and Temperament Linked to Impaired Maternal-Infant Bonding." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A213—A214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.539.

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Abstract Introduction Emerging evidence links maternal and infant sleep problems to impairments in the mother-to-infant bond, but the independence and directionality of these associations remain unclear. The present study characterized concurrent and prospective effects of maternal sleep disturbances and poor infant sleep on the mother-infant relationship. As common sequalae of problematic sleep, nocturnal cognitive hyperarousal and daytime sleepiness were investigated as facilitating mechanisms. Methods Sociodemographic information and clinical symptoms were measured prenatally then weekly across the first two postpartum months in 67 women. Participants reported insomnia symptoms, sleep duration, snoring, daytime sleepiness, nocturnal cognitive arousal (broadly focused and perinatal-specific), perseverative thinking, depression, infant colic, infant sleep quality, and mother-infant relationship quality. Mixed effects models were conducted to test hypotheses. Results Prenatal snoring and weak maternal-fetal attachment augured poorer postpartum bonding. Poor infant sleep was associated with increased odds for maternal insomnia and short sleep. Impairments in the mother-to-infant bond were linked to maternal insomnia, nocturnal perinatal-focused rumination, daytime sleepiness, depression, and poor infant sleep. Postnatal insomnia predicted future decreases in mother-infant relationship quality, and nocturnal cognitive hyperarousal partially mediated this association. Conclusion Both maternal and infant sleep problems were associated with impairments in mother-to-infant bonding, independent of the effects of maternal depression and difficult infant temperament. Perseverative thinking at night, particularly on infant-related concerns, was linked to impaired bonding, rejection and anger, and infant-focused anxiety. Improving maternal and infant sleep, as well as maternal cognitive-emotional regulation, may improve the maternal-to-infant bond. Support (if any) This work was funded by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (198-FP-18, PI: Kalmbach). Dr. Cheng’s effort was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (K23 HL138166, PI: Cheng).

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Tsai, Jui-Chen, Kuei-Ru Chou, Hsiu-Ting Tsai, Yu-Chun Yen, and Shu-Fen Niu. "Effects of Nocturnal Sleep Quality on Diurnal Cortisol Profiles and Attention in Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Study." Biological Research For Nursing 21, no. 5 (July 11, 2019): 510–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099800419861695.

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Objective: Low sleep quality (LSQ) activates the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and is related to arousal. Nursing staff, who work in shifts, tend to exhibit LSQ, which affects the level of vigor after awakening. This study investigated the effects of nocturnal sleep quality on diurnal cortisol profiles and sustained attention in day-shift nurses. Method: This study adopted a prospective cross-sectional design. Participants were recruited from a university-affiliated hospital in northern Taiwan. In the initial stage of this study, the Chinese Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) Questionnaire was administered to 199 participants to categorize them as either LSQ (PSQI > 5) or high sleep quality (HSQ; PSQI ≤ 5). Participants were then randomly sampled from the two groups. Nocturnal sleep data and four diurnal saliva samples were collected for each participant. Sustained attention was measured before they started work. A total of 32 and 29 participants in the HSQ and LSQ groups, respectively, completed the data collection process. Results: Compared with the HSQ group, the LSQ group exhibited earlier wake-up times ( p = .02), a flatter cortisol awakening response (CAR) slope ( p < .01), a flatter morning-to-evening slope ( p < .01), and prolonged reaction speed and mean reaction time before starting work ( p < .01). Conclusion: Compared with the HSQ group, the LSQ group exhibited impaired HPA-axis regulation, with a flatter CAR and diurnal cortisol slope and poor sustained attention in the morning. Nursing staff are advised to achieve HSQ to improve attention and performance levels and maintain optimum work safety.

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Jechow, Andreas, Christopher Kyba, and Franz Hölker. "Beyond All-Sky: Assessing Ecological Light Pollution Using Multi-Spectral Full-Sphere Fisheye Lens Imaging." Journal of Imaging 5, no. 4 (April 9, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging5040046.

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Artificial light at night is a novel anthropogenic stressor. The resulting ecological light pollution affects a wide breadth of biological systems on many spatio-temporal scales, from individual organisms to communities and ecosystems. However, a widely-applicable measurement method for nocturnal light providing spatially resolved full-spectrum radiance over the full solid angle is still missing. Here, we explain the first step to fill this gap, by using a commercial digital camera with a fisheye lens to acquire vertical plane multi-spectral (RGB) images covering the full solid angle. We explain the technical and practical procedure and software to process luminance and correlated color temperature maps and derive illuminance. We discuss advantages and limitations and present data from different night-time lighting situations. The method provides a comprehensive way to characterize nocturnal light in the context of ecological light pollution. It is affordable, fast, mobile, robust, and widely-applicable by non-experts for field work.

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Søgaard, Thomas Friis, and Jakob Krause-Jensen. "Bouncer service work: emotional labour and flexible masculinity." Journal of Organizational Ethnography 9, no. 1 (August 13, 2019): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joe-10-2018-0044.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how new policies and standards to professionalise nightclub bouncing along with customer-oriented service imperatives affect bouncers’ work practices and identities. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on 13 months of ethnographic fieldwork among Danish bouncers and uses the concept of “emotional labour” and related ideas of “interactive service work” to explore how service imperatives play out at political/commercial and organisational levels and how such initiatives are negotiated by bouncers in their work practices. Findings Until recently, the nocturnal work of bouncers had been relatively unaffected by labour market service paradigms. This is now changing, as policy initiatives and the capitalist service economy colonise ever greater domains of the urban night and the work conducted here. We argue that trends towards professionalisation have landed bouncers in a double-bind situation, in which they are increasingly faced with competing and sometimes contradictory occupational imperatives requiring them both to “front up” effectively to unruly patrons and to project a service-oriented persona. We show how bouncers seek to cope with this precarious position by adopting a variety of strategies, such as resistance, partial acceptance and cultural re-interpretations of service roles. Originality/value While existing research on nightclub bouncers has primarily focussed on bouncers’ physical regulation of unruly guests, this paper provides a theoretical framework for understanding current policy ambitions to “domesticate” bouncers and shows how attempts to construct bouncers as civilised “service workers” is fraught with paradoxes and ambiguities.

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Brod, Meryl, Michael Wolden, Torsten Christensen, and Donald M. Bushnell. "Understanding the Economic Burden of Nonsevere Nocturnal Hypoglycemic Events: Impact on Work Productivity, Disease Management, and Resource Utilization." Value in Health 16, no. 8 (December 2013): 1140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2013.09.002.

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Even-Ezra, Ayelet. "Cursus: An Early Thirteenth-Century Source for Nocturnal Flights and Ointments in the Work of Roland of Cremona." Magic, Ritual, and Witchcraft 12, no. 3 (2017): 314–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mrw.2017.0034.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nocturnal work'

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