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Journal articles on the topic 'Node projection'
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1
Sun, Yanlong, Yazhou Yuan, Qimin Xu, Changchun Hua, and Xinping Guan. "A Mobile Anchor Node Assisted RSSI Localization Scheme in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 10, 2019): 4369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204369.
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In this paper, a mobile anchor node assisted RSSI localization scheme in underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is proposed, which aims to improve location accuracy and shorten location time. First, to improve location accuracy, we design a support vector regression (SVR) based interpolation method to estimate the projection of sensor nodes on the linear trajectory of the mobile anchor node. The proposed method increases the accuracy of the nonlinear regression model of noisy measured data and synchronously decreases the estimation error caused by the discreteness of measured data. Second, to shorten location time, we develop a curve matching method to obtain the perpendicular distance from sensor nodes to the linear trajectory of the mobile anchor node. The location of the sensor node can be calculated based on the projection and the perpendicular distance. Compared with existing schemes that require the anchor node to travel at least two trajectories, the proposed scheme only needs one-time trajectory to locate sensor nodes, and the location time is shortened with the reduction in the number of trajectories. Finally, simulation results prove that the proposed scheme can obtain more accurate sensor node location in less time compared with the existing schemes.
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Vinayak, Mr B. "Wireless Projection Node using Raspberry Pi." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2019): 1791–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2019.4325.
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Sun, Dian Zhu, Xin Cai Kang, Yan Rui Li, and Yong Wei Sun. "An Algorithm for Geometric Modeling and Intersection in NC Milling Simulation Based on Triangular Mesh Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 48-49 (February 2011): 541–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.48-49.541.
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To achieve the accurate and efficient NC milling simulation based on the discrete triangular mesh model, we proposed an algorithm for geometric modeling and intersection. We construct the R*-tree index for upper-surface nodes of mesh model, based on which the nodes within cutting region can be obtained. We compute tool path segments within cutting projection region of node, and calculate the minimum adjustment height of node according to tool path segments within cutting projection region and then change the z-value of node. Thus, we complete the intersection calculation in simulation process. It has been proved by examples that the algorithm for geometric modeling and intersection in NC milling simulation has strong adaptation to tool path segment type and that it can accurately and efficiently reflect the effect of NC simulation process based on the discrete triangular mesh model of rough.
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Zhu, Darui, Rui Wang, Chongxin Liu, and Jiandong Duan. "Projective synchronization via adaptive pinning control for fractional-order complex network with time-varying coupling strength." International Journal of Modern Physics C 30, no. 07 (July 2019): 1940013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183119400138.
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This paper presents an adaptive projective pinning control method for fractional-order complex network. First, based on theories of complex network and fractional calculus, some preliminaries of mathematics are given. Then, an analysis is conducted on the adaptive projective pinning control theory for fractional-order complex network. Based on the projective synchronization control method and the combined adaptive pinning feedback control method, suitable projection synchronization scale factor, adaptive feedback controller and the node selection algorithm are designed to illustrate the synchronization for fractional-order hyperchaotic complex network. Simulation results show that all nodes are stabilized to equilibrium point. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the designed adaptive projective pinning controllers are efficient.
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Li, Li, and Thomas Kunz. "Cooperative node localization using nonlinear data projection." ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks 5, no. 1 (February 2009): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1464420.1464421.
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Zhou, Feng, Yushi Li, Hejun Wu, Zhimin Ding, and Xiying Li. "ProLo: Localization via Projection for Three-Dimensional Mobile Underwater Sensor Networks." Sensors 19, no. 6 (March 22, 2019): 1414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061414.
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We study the problem of three-dimensional localization of the underwater mobile sensor networks using only range measurements without GPS devices. This problem is challenging because sensor nodes often drift with unknown water currents. Consequently, the moving direction and speed of a sensor node cannot be predicted. Moreover, the motion devices of the sensor nodes are not accurate in underwater environments. Therefore, we propose an adaptive localization scheme, ProLo, taking these uncertainties into consideration. This scheme applies the rigidity theory and maintains a virtual rigid structure through projection. We have proved the correctness of this three-dimensional localization scheme and also validated it using simulation. The results demonstrate that ProLo is promising for real mobile underwater sensor networks with various noises and errors.
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Cann, Tristan J. B., Iain S. Weaver, and Hywel T. P. Williams. "Is it correct to project and detect? How weighting unipartite projections influences community detection." Network Science 8, S1 (April 17, 2020): S145—S163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2020.11.
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AbstractBipartite networks represent pairwise relationships between nodes belonging to two distinct classes. While established methods exist for analyzing unipartite networks, those for bipartite network analysis are somewhat obscure and relatively less developed. Community detection in such instances is frequently approached by first projecting the network onto a unipartite network, a method where edges between node classes are encoded as edges within one class. Here we test seven different projection schemes by assessing the performance of community detection on both: (i) a real-world dataset from social media and (ii) an ensemble of artificial networks with prescribed community structure. A number of performance and accuracy issues become apparent from the experimental findings, especially in the case of long-tailed degree distributions. Of the methods tested, the “hyperbolic” projection scheme alleviates most of these difficulties and is thus the most robust scheme of those tested. We conclude that any interpretation of community detection algorithm performance on projected networks must be done with care as certain network configurations require strong community preference for the bipartite structure to be reflected in the unipartite communities. Our results have implications for the analysis of detected community structure in projected unipartite networks.
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Antonau, Ihar, Majid Hojjat, and Kai-Uwe Bletzinger. "Relaxed gradient projection algorithm for constrained node-based shape optimization." Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 63, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 1633–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00158-020-02821-y.
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AbstractIn node-based shape optimization, there are a vast amount of design parameters, and the objectives, as well as the physical constraints, are non-linear in state and design. Robust optimization algorithms are required. The methods of feasible directions are widely used in practical optimization problems and know to be quite robust. A subclass of these methods is the gradient projection method. It is an active-set method, it can be used with equality and non-equality constraints, and it has gained significant popularity for its intuitive implementation. One significant issue around efficiency is that the algorithm may suffer from zigzagging behavior while it follows non-linear design boundaries. In this work, we propose a modification to Rosen’s gradient projection algorithm. It includes the efficient techniques to damp the zigzagging behavior of the original algorithm while following the non-linear design boundaries, thus improving the performance of the method.
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Xiao, Ling, Renfa Li, Juan Luo, and Zhu Xiao. "Energy-efficient recognition of human activity in body sensor networks via compressed classification." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 12, no. 12 (December 2016): 155014771667966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147716679668.
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Energy efficiency is an important challenge to broad deployment of wireless body sensor networks for long-term physical movement monitoring. Inspired by theories of sparse representation and compressed sensing, the power-aware compressive classification approach SRC-DRP (sparse representation–based classification with distributed random projection) for activity recognition is proposed, which integrates data compressing and classification. Random projection as a data compression tool is individually implemented on each sensor node to reduce the amount of data for transmission. Compressive classification can be applied directly on the compressed samples received from all nodes. This method was validated on the Wearable Action Recognition Dataset and implemented on embedded nodes for offline and online experiments. It is shown that our method reduces energy consumption by approximately 20% while maintaining an activity recognition accuracy of 88% at a compression ratio of 0.5.
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Long, Ji Chang, Wei Hua Ma, and Chun Lin Shen. "An Acquisition and Display Method for Multi-View 3D Models." Advanced Materials Research 1078 (December 2014): 341–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1078.341.
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Based on the technology of OpenGL and DirectX Wrapper, this paper designs and implements a new general method of data collection and display for the existing three-dimensional models using in multi-view 3D display system. Firstly, by using the technology of OpenGL/DirectX Wrapper, it obtains the application information such as the models, calls and associated data. Secondly, it sends the information to all rendering nodes. Then, according to the multi-view system projection array number and expected angle threshold parameter, each rendering node does the final adjustment and calibration on the obtained information sequentially for multi-view image rendering. Finally, each node transmits corresponding viewpoint image rendered by themselves to the projection equipment, and displays stereo images through 3D device synchronously. This method can be applied to all application programs based on OpenGL or DirectX Library. It is a general method for collecting and displaying multi-view 3D data sources. Experimental results show that this method is of high acquisition and rendering process, the image quality is the same as the source and stereoscopic displays strong. It has a wide range of applications and research value in the field of Engineering.
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Li, Linlin, Liangxu Sun, and Gang Wang. "An Intrusion Detection Model Based On Danger Theory for Wireless Sensor Networks." International Journal of Online Engineering (iJOE) 14, no. 09 (September 30, 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v14i09.8625.
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<strong>This paper, due to the intrusion detection problem in Wireless Sensor Networks, proposes an intrusion detection model based on the Danger Theory instead of the traditional Self-NonSelf theory. The intrusion detection model has two layers structure including danger perception and control decision, and it uses a multi-node cooperation mechanism. The perception node can realize the danger perception with Projection Pursuit Algorithm, and the decision node can detect the intrusion in detail with Extreme Learning Machine Algorithm. The logic process between their layers is consistent with the Danger Theory. The proposed model can realize the data trust between nodes with the Beta distribution trust evaluation method. By the simulations in the MATLAB, the proposed intrusion detection model on the whole is better than the SNS model at the aspects including classification training, danger perception, false negative rate, false positive rate and energy consumption.</strong>
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Cao, Zhen, Yanqiu Li, and Fei Liu. "Designing projection objectives for 11-nm node of extreme ultraviolet lithography." Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 13, no. 3 (September 9, 2014): 033014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmm.13.3.033014.
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Yin, Fengjing, Xiang Zhao, Xin Zhang, Bin Ge, and Weidong Xiao. "Improving Accuracy and Scalability of Personal Recommendation Based on Bipartite Network Projection." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/823749.
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Bipartite network projection method has been recently employed for personal recommendation. It constructs a bipartite network between users and items. Treating user taste for items as resource in the network, we allocate the resource via links between user nodes and item nodes. However, the taste model employed by existing algorithms cannot differentiate “dislike” and “unrated” cases implied by user ratings. Moreover, the distribution of resource is solely based on node degrees, ignoring the different transfer rates of the links. To enhance the performance, this paper devises a negative-aware and rating-integrated algorithm on top of the baseline algorithm. It enriches the current user taste model to encompass “like,” “dislike,” and “unrated” information from users. Furthermore, in the resource distribution stage, we propose to initialize the resource allocation according to user ratings, which also determines the resource transfer rates on links afterward. Additionally, we also present a scalable implementation in the MapReduce framework by parallelizing the algorithm. Extensive experiments conducted on real data validate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
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Ringhausen, Elizabeth, Tylon Wang, Jonathan Pitts, Pinaki Sarder, and Walter J. Akers. "Evaluation of Dynamic Optical Projection of Acquired Luminescence for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Large Animals." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 15, no. 6 (June 23, 2016): 787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533034615604978.
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Open surgery requiring cytoreduction still remains the primary treatment course for many cancers. The extent of resection is vital for the outcome of surgery, greatly affecting patients’ follow-up treatment including need for revision surgery in the case of positive margins, choice of chemotherapy, and overall survival. Existing imaging modalities such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography are useful in the diagnostic stage and long-term monitoring but do not provide the level of temporal or spatial resolution needed for intraoperative surgical guidance. Surgeons must instead rely on visual evaluation and palpation in order to distinguish tumors from surrounding tissues. Fluorescence imaging provides high-resolution, real-time mapping with the use of a contrast agent and can greatly enhance intraoperative imaging. Here we demonstrate an intraoperative, real-time fluorescence imaging system for direct highlighting of target tissues for surgical guidance, optical projection of acquired luminescence (OPAL). Image alignment, accuracy, and resolution was determined in vitro prior to demonstration of feasibility for operating room use in large animal models of sentinel lymph node biopsy. Fluorescence identification of regional lymph nodes after intradermal injection of indocyanine green was performed in pigs with surgical guidance from the OPAL system. Acquired fluorescence images were processed and rapidly reprojected to highlight indocyanine green within the true surgical field. OPAL produced enhanced visualization for resection of lymph nodes at each anatomical location. Results show the optical projection of acquired luminescence system can successfully use fluorescence image capture and projection to provide aligned image data that is invisible to the human eye in the operating room setting.
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Song, Liu, He, and Jiang. "Research on Data Fusion Scheme for Wireless Sensor Networks with Combined Improved LEACH and Compressed Sensing." Sensors 19, no. 21 (October 29, 2019): 4704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19214704.
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There are a lot of redundant data in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). If these redundant data are processed and transmitted, the node energy consumption will be too fast and will affect the overall lifetime of the network. Data fusion technology compresses the sampled data to eliminate redundancy, which can effectively reduce the amount of data sent by the node and prolong the lifetime of the network. Due to the dynamic nature of WSNs, traditional data fusion techniques still have many problems. Compressed sensing (CS) theory has introduced new ideas to solve these problems for WSNs. Therefore, in this study we analyze the data fusion scheme and propose an algorithm that combines improved clustered (ICL) algorithm low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH) and CS (ICL-LEACH-CS). First, we consider the factors of residual energy, distance, and compression ratio and use the improved clustered LEACH algorithm (ICL-LEACH) to elect the cluster head (CH) nodes. Second, the CH uses a Gaussian random observation matrix to perform linear compressed projection (LCP) on the cluster common (CM) node signal and compresses the N-dimensional signal into M-dimensional information. Then, the CH node compresses the data by using a CS algorithm to obtain a measured value and sends the measured value to the sink node. Finally, the sink node reconstructs the signal using a convex optimization method and uses a least squares algorithm to fuse the signal. The signal reconstruction optimization problem is modeled as an equivalent l1-norm problem. The simulation results show that, compared with other data fusion algorithms, the ICL-LEACH-CS algorithm effectively reduces the node’s transmission while balancing the load between the nodes.
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Prashar, Deepak, Kiran Jyoti, and Dilip Kumar. "CP-NR Distributed Range Free Localization Algorithm in WSN." International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v7.i3.pp212-219.
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<p>Advancements in wireless communication technology have empowered the researchers to develop large scale wireless networks with huge number of sensor nodes. In these networks localization is very active field of research. Localization is a way to determine the physical position of sensor nodes which is useful in many aspects such as to find the origin of events, routing and network coverage. Locating nodes with GPS systems is expensive, power consuming and not applicable to indoor environments. Localization in three dimensional space and accuracy of the estimated location are two factors of major concern. In this paper, a new three dimensional Distributed range-free algorithm which is known as CP-NR is proposed. This algorithm has high localization accuracy and resolved the problem of existing NR algorithm. CP-NR (Coplanar and Projected Node Reproduction) algorithm makes use of co-planarity and projection of point on plane concepts to reduce the localization error. Results have shown that CP-NR algorithm is superior to NR algorithm and comparison is done for the localization accuracy with respect to variations in range, anchor density and node density.</p>
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Yurchenko, Vitalina, and Ivan Peleshko. "Parametric optimization of steel structures based on gradient projection method." Strength of Materials and Theory of Structures, no. 105 (November 30, 2020): 192–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2410-2547.2020.105.192-220.
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The main research goal is the development of a numerical methodology for solving parametric optimization problems of steel structures with orientation on software implementation in a computer-aided design system. The paper has proposed a new mathematical model for parametric optimization problems of steel structures. The design variable vector includes geometrical parameters of the structure (node coordinates), cross-sectional dimensions of the structural members, as well as initial pre-stressing forces introduced into the specified redundant members of the structure. The system of constraints covers load-carrying capacities constraints formulated for all design sections of structural members of the steel structure subjected to all ultimate load case combinations. The displacements constraints formulated for the specified nodes of the steel structure subjected to all serviceability load case combinations have been also included into the system of constraints. The method of the objective function gradient projection onto the active constraints surface with simultaneous correction of the constraints violations has been used for solving the parametric optimization problem. A numerical algorithm for solving the formulated parametric optimization problems of steel structures has been developed in the paper. The comparison of the optimization results of truss structures presented by the paper confirms the validity of the optimum solutions obtained using the proposed numerical methodology.
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Wang, Xiao-Jun, and Ted Belytschko. "A study of stabilization and projection in the 4-node Mindlin plate element." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 28, no. 10 (October 1989): 2223–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620281003.
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Horrocks, Geoffrey, and Melita Stavrou. "Bounding theory and Greek syntax: evidence forwh-movement in NP." Journal of Linguistics 23, no. 1 (March 1987): 79–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222670001104x.
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It is a standard assumption of government-binding theory that the relationship between a constituent displaced by the transformational rule schema Move α and its trace is subject to the locality condition known as subjacency, the central principle of the subtheory of universal grammar known as bounding theory (Chomsky, 1981, 1982, 1986). Subjacency requires that not more than one ‘barrier’ intervene between a moved constituent and its trace, but the definition of the relevant barriers has been, and remains, an issue of considerable controversy. In Chomsky (1977) it is suggested that NP and one of S or S¯ are the ‘bounding nodes’ for English, and many standard textbooks have since argued for NP and S (e.g. Radford, 1981: Ch. 7; van Riemsdijk & Williams, 1986: Ch. 4). Nevertheless, the possibility of cross-linguistic parametric variation may have to be allowed for, since Rizzi (1978) makes out a case for S¯ rather than S as the clausal bounding node for Italian in order to account for the freedom of extraction from so-called ‘wh-islands’ in that language. Chomsky (1980), however, puts forward the possibility that S¯ may be a bounding node universally, and that languages vary according to whether S is also. If it is, then there will be no long-distance movement (cf. standard German and Russian) unless individual verbs are specified in the lexicon as ‘bridges’ which nullify the barrierhood of S¯ (cf. the majority of verbs subcategorized by clausal complements in English). This view is revised and refined in Chomsky (1981: 307), where S¯ is taken to be a bounding node universally when it includes a complementizer orwh-phrase preceding a finite clause, in which case the finite clause S may also optionally be a barrier, and S is taken to be a bounding node when it is governed, as is the case after S¯-deletion in the complements of ‘raising’ predicates. Finally, Chomsky (1986) seeks to unite the definition of barrier for the purposes both of movement and government, assuming two barriers block movement and one barrier blocks government, by proposing that any ungoverned maximal projection is a barrier, and that any maximal projection immediately dominating such a barrier, whether lexically governed or not, is also a barrier by inheritance.
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Gan, Buntara Sthenly, and Ay Lie Han. "Two nodes cusp geometry beam element by using condensed IGA." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 05031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925805031.
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A cusp is a curve which is made by projecting a smooth curve in the 3D Euclidean space on a plane. Such a projection results in a curve whose singularities are self-crossing points or ordinary cusps. Self-crossing points created when two different points of the curves have the same projection at a point. Ordinary cusps created when the tangent to the curve is parallel to the direction of projection on a single point. The study of a cusp geometry beam is more complex than that of a straight beam because the structural deformations of the cusp geometry beam depend also on the coupled tangential displacement caused by the singular geometry. The Isogeometric Approach (IGA) is a computational geometry based on a series of polynomial basis functions used to represent the exact geometry. In IGA, the cusp geometry of the beam element can be modeled exactly. A thick cusp geometry beam element can be developed based on the Timoshenko beam theory, which allows the vertical shear deformation and rotatory inertia effects. The shape of the beam geometry and the shape functions formulation of the element can be obtained from IGA. However, in IGA, the number of equations will increase according to the number of degree of freedom (DOF) at the control points. A new condensation method is adopted to reduce the number of equations at the control points so that it becomes a standard two-node 6-DOF beam element. This paper highlights the application of IGA of a cusp geometry Timoshenko beam element in the context of finite element analysis and proposes a new condensation method to eliminate the drawbacks elevated by the conventional IGA. Examples are given to verify the effectiveness of the condensation method in static and free vibration problems.
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Peng, Cheng Xiang. "An Empirical Analysis of Developer Collaboration Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 2177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.2177.
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To further verify the uses of bipartite network theory and understand the intrinsic nature in social collaboration network. In this paper, we get the information of open source software projects from Source-Forge web and construct a project management collaboration network by analyzing the data of project and manager. Then, through the ordinary projection two kinds of one-mode network are made and the degree distribution of one-mode network and origin bipartite networks shows a power-law like. Finally we evaluate the node's importance on manager network to acquire the core nodes, namely domain experts, by using the metric of node degree, between and topological potential respectively, and provide some helpful applications.
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Lin, Yi Xuan. "The Overlay Deployment Model under Interference Based on Marginal Fitting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 536-537 (April 2014): 760–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.536-537.760.
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Under the condition of interference, when to optimize the network deployment with the energy of the radiation characteristics of node, it is significant to improve the efficiency of the objective function evaluation.The overlap deployment model based on the compression projection is put forward in this paper, including the projection grid model based on the margin fitting, and the fusion boundary generation based on the projection grid, measurement of covered area and overlap coefficient evaluation algorithm to provide the efficient algorithm for the calculation of optimization goals such as the integration area, cover index and overlap coefficient . It changed the past calculation mode, which is random and extensive, as Monte Carlo sampling and the physical grid statistics method. The algorithm analysis and experiments showed that, the overlap deployment model based on the compression projection, compared with the previous model, had the characteristics of high precision and low-power, it can complete the calculation three indicators of the integration area,the covering index and overlap index with the accuracy of up to 99%.
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Landwehr, Patrick, and Christof Löding. "Projection for Büchi Tree Automata with Constraints between Siblings." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 31, no. 06 (September 2020): 749–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012905412041004x.
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We consider an extension of tree automata on infinite trees that can use equality and disequality constraints between direct subtrees of a node. Recently, it has been shown that the emptiness problem for these kind of automata with a parity acceptance condition is decidable and that the corresponding class of languages is closed under Boolean operations. In this paper, we show that the class of languages recognizable by such tree automata with a Büchi acceptance condition is closed under projection. This construction yields a new algorithm for the emptiness problem, implies that a regular tree is accepted if the language is non-empty (for the Büchi condition), and can be used to obtain a decision procedure for an extension of monadic second-order logic with predicates for subtree comparisons.
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Duxbury, Scott W. "Identifying key players in bipartite networks." Network Science 8, no. 1 (January 17, 2020): 42–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/nws.2019.62.
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AbstractMeasures of bipartite network structure have recently gained attention from network scholars. However, there is currently no measure for identifying key players in two-mode networks. This article proposes measures for identifying key players in bipartite networks. It focuses on two measures: fragmentation and cohesion centrality. It extends the centrality measures to bipartite networks by considering (1) cohesion and fragmentation centrality within a one-mode projection, (2) cross-modal cohesion and fragmentation centrality, where a node in one mode is influential in the one-mode projection of the other mode, and (3) cohesion and fragmentation centrality across the entire bipartite structure. Empirical examples are provided for the Southern Women’s data and on the Ndrangheta mafia data.
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Liu, Xinfu, Qianwen Li, Hsiung-Cheng Lin, Pengfei Wu, and Mengdan Wang. "Accurate Sheet Resistivity Measurement Based on Image Reconstruction Using Improved Node-back-projection Algorithm." Sensors and Materials 31, no. 12 (December 6, 2019): 4013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18494/sam.2019.2515.
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Пампутис, S. Pamputis, Лопатникова, and E. Lopatnikova. "Differential Diagnosis of Neck Formations." Journal of New Medical Technologies 22, no. 4 (November 15, 2015): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/17028.
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The article describes the low‐invasive method for the differential diagnosis of formations in
the projection of the thyroid gland and adjacent soft tissues of the neck (application for invention number
2014146341).
The objective of the study was to develop a low‐invasive method of preoperative differential diagnosis
of neck structures visualized by ultrasound to reduce trauma performed diagnostic procedures and to reduce
the time to clarify the diagnosis in determining the subsequent treatment.
The purpose is achieved in the implementation of ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of
formation in the projection of the thyroid gland and adjacent soft tissues of the neck with one‐stage fence
material one needle through one skin puncture for determination of three parameters: the level of parathyroid
hormone, thyroglobulin and to perform cytology.
Depending on the outcomes, the proposed method allows to carry out a reliable differential diagnosis
between formation cyst of the parathyroid gland, node/cyst of the thyroid gland, thyroid cancer, lymph node
or metastasis cancer of the thyroid gland in the lymph node, and thus greatly to reduce the trauma diagnostic
procedures and the time to clarify the diagnosis and choice of volume of operative treatment in patients
with hyperparathyroidism, nodal forms of goiter, thyroid cancer and recurrence of these diseases.
The proposed method is economical and easy to carry out, applicable to inpatient and outpatient basis
without anesthesia.
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Cyrino, Sonia Maria Lazzarini, and Gabriela Matos. "Elipse do VP e variação paramétrica." Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos 49, no. 2 (August 1, 2011): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v49i2.8637187.
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Data from English show that VP ellipsis only occurs when, in Syntax, a verbal element is in a functional head that locally c-comands the ellipsis. However, if we accept this analysis, we cannot explain languages in which T and C have uninterpretable features that force the verb to move beforeSpell Out but do not allow VP ellipsis, as in Spanish, French and German. In this paper we defend that whatever determines parametric variation in VP ellipsis is related to whether or not the verbal element that occupies the licensing functional head locally c-commands the immediate projection that is interpretedas the sentence verbal predicate. If there is an intervening projection between the licensing node and the projection interpreted as the sentence verbal predicate, VP ellipsis is not possible. We will rely on parametric differences involving AspP, showing that languages will vary in allowing Asp to be an extension of vP, and hence permitting or not VP ellipsis.
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Lin, Qing Tao, Xiang Bing Zeng, Xiao Feng Jiang, and Xin Yu Jin. "Video Nodes Based Collaborative Object Localization Framework in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 1078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.1078.
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This paper establishes a 3-D localization model and based on this model, it proposes a collaborative localization framework. In this framework, node that observes the object sends its attitude information and the relative position of the object's projection in its camera to the cluster head. The cluster head adopts an algorithm proposed in this paper to select some nodes to participate localization. The localization algorithm is based on least square method. Because the localization framework is based on a 3-D model, the size of the object or other prerequisites is not necessary. At the end of this paper, a simulation is taken on the numbers of nodes selected to locate and the localization accuracy. The result implies that selecting 3~4 nodes is proper. The theoretical analysis and the simulation result also imply that a const computation time cost is paid in this framework with a high localization accuracy (in our simulation environment, a 0.01 meter error).
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Chen, Yuhan, Qixiang Lin, Xuhong Liao, Changsong Zhou, and Yong He. "Association of aerobic glycolysis with the structural connectome reveals a benefit–risk balancing mechanism in the human brain." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 1 (December 21, 2020): e2013232118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2013232118.
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Aerobic glycolysis (AG), that is, the nonoxidative metabolism of glucose, contributes significantly to anabolic pathways, rapid energy generation, task-induced activity, and neuroprotection; yet high AG is also associated with pathological hallmarks such as amyloid-β deposition. An important yet unresolved question is whether and how the metabolic benefits and risks of brain AG is structurally shaped by connectome wiring. Using positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging techniques as well as computational models, we investigate the relationship between brain AG and the macroscopic connectome. Specifically, we propose a weighted regional distance-dependent model to estimate the total axonal projection length of a brain node. This model has been validated in a macaque connectome derived from tract-tracing data and shows a high correspondence between experimental and estimated axonal lengths. When applying this model to the human connectome, we find significant associations between the estimated total axonal projection length and AG across brain nodes, with higher levels primarily located in the default-mode and prefrontal regions. Moreover, brain AG significantly mediates the relationship between the structural and functional connectomes. Using a wiring optimization model, we find that the estimated total axonal projection length in these high-AG regions exhibits a high extent of wiring optimization. If these high-AG regions are randomly rewired, their total axonal length and vulnerability risk would substantially increase. Together, our results suggest that high-AG regions have expensive but still optimized wiring cost to fulfill metabolic requirements and simultaneously reduce vulnerability risk, thus revealing a benefit–risk balancing mechanism in the human brain.
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Homan, Danil A., Vladimir V. Kovalenko, and Irina V. Parko. "THE COMBINATION OF THE SIGHTING CHANNEL WITH PROJECTION CHANNEL DISPLAY MORE INFORMATION." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 7, no. 1 (July 8, 2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2020-7-1-21-25.
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This article describes a method of combining the sighting channel and the projection channel, which can be used in optical systems for various purposes, in which there is a prism with a mirror coating, especially sights, or systems with the output of a large amount of information, for example, rangefinders. The analysis of the factors reducing the qualitative efficiency of optical sights. The technical proposal for the implementation of this method and the expected result - the creation of an optical sight with advanced functionality by reducing radiation losses in the projection channel and reducing the parallax between the images of the target and the luminous sighting mark. The practical results of the layout of the node working on this method are shown. The results of full-scale tests showed a low light transmission coefficient of the system, however, when applying the OLED display and the reflecting layer, the possibility of increasing light transmission was not taken into account, due to the combination of spectral sample layers working on reflection for the sighting and transmission for the projection channels. The results of full-scale tests proved the possibility of combining the sighting and projection channels by applying OLED microdisplay on the reflecting face of the prism.
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TSUCHIYA, Juji, Masayoshi ASANO, Susumu TACHIBANA, Iwao KUMAZAWA, Hajime KAWAGOE, and Masahito NAWA. "USEFULNESS OF PREOPERATIVE MRI DIAGNOSIS OF AXILLARY LYMPH NODE METASTASIS BY MAXIMUM INTENSITY PROJECTION IMAGING." Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association) 67, no. 3 (2006): 553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3919/jjsa.67.553.
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Torres, Veronica C., Chengyue Li, Wei Zhou, Jovan G. Brankov, and Kenneth M. Tichauer. "Characterization of an angular domain fluorescence optical projection tomography system for mesoscopic lymph node imaging." Applied Optics 60, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.411577.
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KIM, KEONWOOK, and ALAN D. GEORGE. "PARALLEL SUBSPACE PROJECTION BEAMFORMING FOR AUTONOMOUS, PASSIVE SONAR SIGNAL PROCESSING." Journal of Computational Acoustics 11, no. 01 (March 2003): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x0300181x.
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Adaptive techniques can be applied to improve performance of a beamformer in a cluttered environment. The sequential implementation of an adaptive beamformer, for many sensors and over a wide band of frequencies, presents a serious computational challenge. By coupling each transducer node with a microprocessor, in-situ parallel processing applied to an adaptive beamformer on a distributed system can glean advantages in execution speed, fault tolerance, scalability, and cost. In this paper, parallel algorithms for Subspace Projection Beamforming (SPB), using QR decomposition on distributed systems, are introduced for in-situ signal processing. Performance results from parallel and sequential algorithms are presented using a distributed system testbed comprised of a cluster of computers connected by a network. The execution times, parallel efficiencies, and memory requirements of each parallel algorithm are presented and analyzed. The results of these analyses demonstrate that parallel in-situ processing holds the potential to meet the needs of future advanced beamforming algorithms in a scalable fashion.
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Tartaglione, G., C. Potenza, A. Caggiati, M. Maggiore, F. Gabrielli, E. Migliano, M. Pagan, F. Concolino, and P. Ruatti. "Lymphatic Mapping and Sentinel Node Identification in Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Melanoma of the Head and Neck." Tumori Journal 88, no. 3 (May 2002): S39—S41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160208800337.
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Aim The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of scintigraphy in lymphatic mapping and in the identification of the sentinel lymph node (SLN) in patients with head and neck cancer. Methods Between September 1999 and February 2001 we enrolled 22 consecutive patients with cancer in the head and neck region: five squamous cell carcinomas, one Merkel cell tumor of the cheek, and 16 malignant melanomas. Lymphoscintigraphy was performed three hours before surgery after injection of 30-50 MBq of 99mTc-Nanocoll in 0.3 mL; the dose was fractionated by injecting the radiotracer at two points around the lesion. Static acquisition (anterior and/or lateral views, 512 × 512 matrix, 5 mins pre-set time) was started immediately after the injections so as to visualize the pathways of lymphatic drainage. The skin projection of the SLN was marked with ink. Intraoperative SLN detection was performed with perilesional injection of patent blue. Results SLNs were found with lymphoscintigraphy in all patients. Thirty-three SLNs were identified: one occipital node, three nodes at the base of the tongue, 10 superficial lateral nodes (external jugular), five submandibular nodes, five submental nodes, three mastoid nodes and six supraclavicular nodes. Biopsy was performed in 21/22 patients. In 20/22 patients the first lymph nodes were visualized in the proximal cranial regions (retroauricular, jugular and submandibular) at five minutes post injection. The SLN positivity rate was 13.6% (three patients). All patients with tumor-positive SLNs were submitted to radical dissection. Poor concordance in the detection of sentinel nodes was observed with patent blue. Conclusions The flow of nanocolloid in the lymph vessels of the head is rapid. In our experience immediate scintigraphic imaging was essential to visualize the pathways of lymphatic drainage and the first SLN. Radioguided SLN biopsy is therefore recommended within three hours. Injection of patent blue is inadvisable because of the poor concordance with lymphoscintigraphy and the risk of permanent tattooing of the face.
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Liu, Mingyang, Huifen Zhu, Guangjun Gao, Chen Jiang, and G. R. Liu. "A semi-implicit characteristic-based polynomial pressure projection for FEM to solve incompressible flows." International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow 31, no. 5 (February 11, 2021): 1710–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/hff-04-2020-0184.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate a novel stabilization scheme to handle convection and pressure oscillation in the process of solving incompressible laminar flows by finite element method (FEM). Design/methodology/approach The semi-implicit stabilization scheme, characteristic-based polynomial pressure projection (CBP3) consists of the Characteristic-Galerkin method and polynomial pressure projection. Theoretically, the proposed scheme works for any type of element using equal-order approximation for velocity and pressure. In this work, linear 3-node triangular and 4-node tetrahedral elements are the focus, which are the simplest but most difficult elements for pressure stabilizations. Findings The present paper proposes a new scheme, which can stabilize FEM solution for flows of both low and relatively high Reynolds numbers. And the influence of stabilization parameters of the CBP3 scheme has also been investigated. Research limitations/implications The research in this work is limited to the laminar incompressible flow. Practical implications The verification and validation of the CBP3 scheme are conducted by several 2 D and 3 D numerical examples. The scheme could be used to deal with more practical fluid problems. Social implications The application of scheme to study complex hemodynamics of patient-specific abdominal aortic aneurysm is also presented, which demonstrates its potential to solve bio-flows. Originality/value The paper simulated 2 D and 3 D numerical examples with superior results compared to existing results and experiments. The novel CBP3 scheme is verified to be very effective in handling convection and pressure oscillation.
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Jiang, Bo, Yuming Huang, Ashkan Panahi, Yiyi Yu, Hamid Krim, and Spencer L. Smith. "Dynamic Graph Learning: A Structure-Driven Approach." Mathematics 9, no. 2 (January 15, 2021): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9020168.
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The purpose of this paper is to infer a dynamic graph as a global (collective) model of time-varying measurements at a set of network nodes. This model captures both pairwise as well as higher order interactions (i.e., more than two nodes) among the nodes. The motivation of this work lies in the search for a connectome model which properly captures brain functionality across all regions of the brain, and possibly at individual neurons. We formulate it as an optimization problem, a quadratic objective functional and tensor information of observed node signals over short time intervals. The proper regularization constraints reflect the graph smoothness and other dynamics involving the underlying graph’s Laplacian, as well as the time evolution smoothness of the underlying graph. The resulting joint optimization is solved by a continuous relaxation of the weight parameters and an introduced novel gradient-projection scheme. While the work may be applicable to any time-evolving data set (e.g., fMRI), we apply our algorithm to a real-world dataset comprising recorded activities of individual brain cells. The resulting model is shown to be not only viable but also efficiently computable.
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Fu, Yi Jing, Ping Zeng, Jie Chen, and Xin Chao Zhao. "Water Strategy Decisions." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3303–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3303.
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We construct two models prediction and strategy decision to simulate the optimal water strategy. Our ultimate goal is to optimally develop an effective, feasible, and cost-efficient water strategy in order to solve water crisis. Prediction model falls into a basic model and two extended models. The basic one models the problem as an improved gray prediction model (IGM). By applying IGM to fresh water needs and storage projection, we can predict future available water distribution that closely parallel to historical data. Typically, by predicting agricultural, industrial and daily-life needs separately, we obviously improve the precision of water needs projection model. Strategy decision use Water Strategy Decision (WSD) algorithm we proposed. In the graph we constructed every node represents a province and every edge means a fresh water dispatching strategy with weight. The weight of an edge is determined by AHP model in consideration of the estimation of economic, physical and environment factors.
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Wang, Shu, Bulin Du, Xuena Li, and Yaming Li. "Positron emission tomography/computed tomography hypermetabolism of Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease mimicking malignant lymphoma: a case report and literature review." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 7 (July 2021): 030006052110328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03000605211032859.
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Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD), also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, is a benign, self-limiting inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology and pathogenesis. This report presents a rare case involving a man with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) hypermetabolism caused by KFD mimicking malignant lymphoma. The PET/CT maximum intensity projection showed multiple hypermetabolic lymphadenopathies and homogeneous FDG uptake in the bone marrow and spleen. Malignant lymphoma was initially suspected. The patient then underwent excision biopsy of one enlarged right cervical lymph node that was selected because it showed the highest FDG uptake in PET/CT, and examination of this biopsy specimen confirmed the diagnosis of KFD. PET/CT is useful for assessing the general condition of patients and can help to select lymph nodes for excision biopsy based on the highest FDG uptake. However, KFD can predispose to localized FDG uptake and limit the specificity of PET/CT by mimicking malignancy. Thus, positive results of PET/CT should be interpreted with caution.
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Dhapola, Parashar, Mikael Sommarin, Mohamed Eldeeb, Amol Ugale, David Bryder, and Göran Karlsson. "Transcriptome Based Projection of Single Cells to Uncover Development and Heterogeneity of Abnormal Hematopoietic Cells." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 2520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-130587.
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Single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-Seq) has accelerated the investigation of hematopoietic differentiation. Based on scRNA-Seq data, more refined models of lineage determination in stem- and progenitor cells are now available. Despite such advances, characterizing leukemic cells using single-cell approaches remains challenging. The conventional strategies of scRNA-Seq analysis map all cells on the same low dimensional space using approaches like tSNE and UMAP. However, when used for comparing normal and leukemic cells, such methods are often inadequate as the transcriptome of the leukemic cells has systematically diverged, resulting in irrelevant separation of leukemic subpopulations from their healthy counterpart. Here, we have developed a new computational approach bundled into a tool called Nabo (nabo.readthedocs.io) that has the capacity to directly compare cells that are otherwise unalignable. First, Nabo creates a shared nearest neighbor graph of the reference population, and the heterogeneity of this population is subsequently defined by performing clustering on the graph and calculating a low dimensional representation using t-SNE or UMAP. Nabo then calculates the similarity of incoming cells from a target population to each cell in the reference graph using a modified Canberra metric. The reference cells with higher similarity to the target cells obtain higher mapping scores. The built-in classifier is used to assign each target cell a reference cluster identity. We tested Nabo's accuracy on control datasets and found that Nabo's performance in terms of accuracy and robustness of projection is comparable to state-of-art methods. Moreover, Nabo is a generalized domain adaptation algorithm and hence can perform classification of target cells that are arbitrarily dissimilar to reference cells. Nabo could identify the cell-identity of sorted CD19+ B cells, CD14+ monocytes and CD56+ by projecting these unlabeled cells onto labelled peripheral blood mononuclear cells with an average specificity higher than 0.98. The general applicability of Nabo was demonstrated by successfully integrating pancreatic cells, sequenced in three different studies using different sequencing chemistries with comparable or better accuracy than existing methods. Also, it was conclusively demonstrated that Nabo can predict the identity of human HSPC subpopulations to the same accuracy as can be achieved by established cell-surface markers. Having Nabo at hand, we aimed to uncover the heterogeneity of hematopoietic cells from different stages of AML. Nabo showed that AML cells lacked the heterogeneity of normal CD34+ cells and were devoid of cells with HSC gene signature. A large patient-to-patient variability was found where leukemic cells mapped to distinct stages of myeloid progenitors. To ask whether this variability could reflect differences in leukemia-initiating cell identity, we induced leukemia in murine granulocyte-monocyte-lymphoid progenitors (GMLPs) using an inducible model for MLL-ENL-driven AML. On projection, more than 70% of MLL-ENL-activated cells mapped to a distinct Flt3+ subpopulation present within healthy GMLPs. Statistical validity of this projection was verified using two novel null models for testing cell projections: 1) ablated node model, wherein the mapping strength of target cells are evaluated after removal of high mapping score source nodes, and 2) high entropy features model, which rules out the background noise effect. By separating Flt3+ and Flt3- cells prior to activation of the fusion gene and performing in vitro replating assays, we could demonstrate that Flt3+ GMLPs contained 3-4 fold more leukemia-initiating cells (1/1.34 cells) than Flt3- GMLPs (1/4.89 cells), indicating that leukemia-initiating cells within GMLPs express Flt3. Taken together, Nabo represents a robust cell projection strategy for relevant analysis of scRNA-Seq data that permits an interpretable inference of cross-population relationships. Nabo is designed to compare disparate cellular populations by using the heterogeneity of one population as a point of reference allowing for cell-type specification even following perturbations that have resulted in large molecular changes to the cells of interest. As such, Nabo has critical implementation for delineation of leukemia heterogeneity and identification of leukemia-initiating cell population. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Peştean, Claudiu, Elena Bărbuş, Andra Piciu, Maria Iulia Larg, Alexandrina Sabo, Cristina Moisescu-Goia, and Doina Piciu. "Sentinel lymph node scintigraphy in cutaneous melanoma using a planar calibration phantom filled with Tc-99m pertechnetate solution for body contouring." Medicine and Pharmacy Reports 89, no. 4 (October 28, 2016): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15386/cjmed-637.
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Background and aims. Melanoma is a disease that has an increasing incidence worldwide. Sentinel lymph node scintigraphy is a diagnostic tool that offers important information regarding the localization of the sentinel lymph nodes offering important input data to establish a pertinent and personalized therapeutic strategy. The golden standard in body contouring for sentinel lymph node scintigraphy is to use a planar flood source of Cobalt-57 (Co-57) placed behind the patients, against the gamma camera. The purpose of the study was to determine the performance of the procedure using a flood calibration planar phantom filled with aqueous solution of Technetion-99m (Tc-99m) in comparison with the published data in literature where the gold standard was used.Methods. The study was conducted in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă” Cluj-Napoca in 95 patients, 31 males and 64 females. The localization of the lesions was grouped by anatomical regions as follows: 23 on lower limbs, 17 on upper limbs, 45 on thorax and 10 on abdomen. The calibration flood phantom containing aqueous solution of Tc-99m pertechnetate was used as planar source to visualize the body contour of the patients for a proper anatomic localization of detected sentinel lymph nodes. The radiopharmaceutical uptake in sentinel lymph nodes has been recorded in serial images following peritumoral injection of 1 ml solution of Tc-99m albumin nanocolloids with an activity of 1 mCi (37 MBq). The used protocol consisted in early acquired planar images within 15 minutes post-injection and delayed images at 2-3 hours and when necessary, additional images at 6-7 hours. The acquisition matrix used was 128x128 pixels for an acquisition time of 5 - 7 minutes. The skin projection of the sentinel lymph nodes was marked on the skin and surgical removal of detected sentinel lymph nodes was performed the next day using a gamma probe for detection and measurements.Results. The sentinel lymph nodes were detected in 92 cases and confirmed with the gamma probe during the surgical procedure. The localization of the lymph nodes was as follows: for the tumors localized on lower limb 23 lymph nodes were localized in inguinal region, for the tumors localized on upper limb, 17 lymph nodes were localized in axilla, for the tumors localized on the thorax, 40 lymph nodes were localized in axilla and 3 were localized in the inguinal region; for the tumors localized on the abdomen, 1 lymph node was localized in axilla and 8 lymph nodes was localized in inguinal region. Regarding the negative sentinel lymph node cases, 2 cases were registered for primarily lesions localized on thorax and 1 for a lesion localized on abdomen. According to histology, 26 cases revealed lymphatic metastatic invasion. Dose rates measured at 1m from the calibrator phantom had an average value of 3.46 μSv/h (SD 0.19) and at 1.4m, the value was 2.57 μSv/h (SD 0.22). Dose rates measured at the same distances from the Co-57 planar flood source had a average values of 32.5μSv/h (SD 0.11) respectively 24.1 μSv/h (SD 0.14).Conclusion. The planar calibration flood phantom is an effective tool for body contouring in sentinel lymph node scintigraphy and offers accurate anatomical information to efficiently localize the detected sentinel lymph nodes in melanoma, being for the first time used and mentioned as a pertinent alternative in our department.
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Tong, Yi-Hua, Xi-Rong Zheng, You Yuan Zhang, Qiao-Mei Qin, Jing-Bo Ni, Tien Chinh Vu, and Nian-He Xia. "Schizostachyum dakrongense (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species from Dakrong Nature Reserve, Vietnam." PhytoKeys 138 (January 10, 2020): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.138.39512.
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Schizostachyum dakrongense is a new species of woody bamboo from Dakrong Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province, central Vietnam. It is closely related to S. hainanense but differs by its pseudospikelets having terminal rachilla segments with ciliate margin and 6 bracts; culm sheath with the base of the outer margin having a slight projection below its point of attachment at the node, as well as sheath blades usually less than half as long as the culm sheath proper; and leaf blades pale-puberulent and sparsely pilosulous on the abaxial surface. The new species is described and illustrated here.
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Cai, Zhuo-Yu, Yi-Hua Tong, Tien-Chinh Vu, Jing-Bo Ni, and Nian-He Xia. "Schizostachyum dakrongense (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species from Dakrong Nature Reserve, Vietnam." PhytoKeys 138 (January 10, 2020): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.138.39623.
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Schizostachyum dakrongense is a new species of woody bamboo from Dakrong Nature Reserve, Quang Tri Province, central Vietnam. It is closely related to S. hainanense but differs by its pseudospikelets having terminal rachilla segments with ciliate margin and 6 bracts; culm sheath with the base of the outer margin having a slight projection below its point of attachment at the node, as well as sheath blades usually less than half as long as the culm sheath proper; and leaf blades pale-puberulent and sparsely pilosulous on the abaxial surface. The new species is described and illustrated here.
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van Essen, Julius, Joachim Grosse, David J. K. P. Pfister, Robin Epplen, and Axel Heidenreich. "Evaluation of (18F) FDG-PET-CT for preoperative lymph-node staging of bladder cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2012): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.5_suppl.275.
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275 Background: Radical cystectomy with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy (EPLA) is the treatment of choice for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. For preoperative staging computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen and the small pelvis are most commonly used in daily routine.Since the aforementioned methods, have a low sensitivity to detect local lymph node metastasis (LNM) we have prospectively evaluated the role of FDG – PET/CT for locoregional staging. Methods: In 27 patients (n = 27) with known invasive urothelial carcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder a staging FDG – PET - CT was performed 1-2 days prior to radical cystectomy with EPLA. Subsequently, the results of the histopathological work-up of lymph node specimens and their anatomical localisations were correlated to the FDG-PET/CT findings. Total of 452 lymph nodes were removed, on average ≈ 16.7 per patient. Results: In 3/27 (11.1%) patients LNM were detected in histopathology. 2 patients showed one positive lymph node, 1 patient had two LNM. In two of these patients, the FDG-PET/CT showed an increased enrichment of FDG in projection to the corresponding histologically positive LN. One false negative and one false positive result of FDG-PET/CT were found. Calculated based on the patient population, the following statistics were calculated: Sensitivity (SENS) 66%, specificity (SPEC) 95.8%, positive predictive value (PPV) 66%, negative predictive value (NPV) 95.8%. Related to the absolute number of LN (n = 452), the following numbers were calculated: SENS 75% SPEC 98.7, PPV 37.5%, NPV 99.7%. Conclusions: To date, few studies have been conducted with regard to FDG-PET/CT and its role in locoregional staging. The reported specificity and NPV was between 86% and 100%, sensitivity and PPV were between 50% and 100%. Our results demonstrate specificity and NPV values of larger than 90% and make FDG-PET/CT a valuable staging tool to potentially identify patients with negative nodes in whom EPLA could be safely ommitted. Curently, routine use of PET CT scans can not be recommended and it is currently tested in a prospective multicenter study including a larger patient cohort.
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Iida, Susumu, Tsuyoshi Amano, Ryoichi Hirano, Tsuneo Terasawa, and Hidehiro Watanabe. "Extreme ultraviolet mask defect inspection with a half pitch 16-nm node using simulated projection electron microscope images." Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 12, no. 2 (June 11, 2013): 023013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmm.12.2.023013.
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Балан, Н. Н., В. В. Иванов, and А. В. Кузовков. "ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ОПТИМАЛЬНЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ЛИТОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО СТЕКА И ОСВЕТИТЕЛЯ ПРИ РАЗРАБОТКЕ OPC-РЕШЕНИЙ ДЛЯ СЛОЕВ МЕТАЛЛИЗАЦИИ В ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОМ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ ПРОЦЕССЕ 28 НМ." NANOINDUSTRY Russia 96, no. 3s (June 15, 2020): 589–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22184/1993-8578.2020.13.3s.589.594.
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Работа посвящена вопросам подбора оптимальных параметров осветителя и литографического стека при реализации техник повышения разрешающей способности проекционной фотолитографии (RET). Описано современное состояние методик оптимизации параметров осветителя, применяемых в фотолитографии. Проведены предварительные расчеты оптимальной формы осветителя и параметров литографического стека для слоя первого металла в перспективном технологическом процессе уровня 28 нм. The work focuses on the illuminator form and lithography layers stack optimization in the process of RET implementation. The current state of techniques of illuminator optimization used for projection photolithography has been described. Results of optimal illuminator form and lithography stack parameters estimates have been given for the first metal layer in a promising 28 nm node technology.
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Brody, Michael. "Mirror Theory: Syntactic Representation in Perfect Syntax." Linguistic Inquiry 31, no. 1 (January 2000): 29–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438900554280.
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In the better-developed sciences it is the departures from symmetry rather than the symmetries that are typically taken to be in need of explanation. Mirror theory is an attempt to look at some of the central properties of syntactic representations in this spirit. The core hypothesis of this theory is that in syntactic representations complementation expresses morphological structure: X is the complement of Y only if Y-X form a morphological unit'a word. A second central assumption is the elimination of phrasal projection: a head X in a syntactic tree should be taken to ambiguously represent both the zero-level head(s) and its (their) associated phrasal node(s).
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Zhang, Chunfeng, Siguang An, Wei Wang, and Dehui Lin. "A Novel Meshing Method Based on Adaptive Size Function and Moving Mesh for Electromagnetic Finite Element Analysis." Symmetry 13, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13020254.
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A moving meshing algorithm with mesh adaptive size function was proposed in this paper with regard to the modeling speed and solution accuracy of electromagnetic equipment in the optimization design process. In the proposed method, a mesh size function that considers curvature, feature size, and distance gradient restrictions is constructed, which can obtain high quality meshes and avoid excessive iteration; when the finite element mesh domain is deformed, only the mesh nodes close to the moving boundary are allowed to move, and the theory of force-balance is used combined with the second-order boundary projection algorithm to perform iterative optimization of the mesh node positions. The proposed method has the advantages of keeping the original mesh structure and minimum mesh deformation as well as speed up the convergence, save time in the finite element meshing, and ensure the quality of the generated mesh. Then, the proposed method was applied to a 37 kw motor for electromagnetic analysis, and the results obtained proved the accuracy of the algorithm; finally, the effectiveness of the mesh movement algorithm in three-dimensional space was tested by moving the sphere inside the cylinder.
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Bianchi, Pietro, Giuseppe Villa, Ferdinando Buffoni, Giuseppe Agnese, Marco Gipponi, Rosario Costa, Cristina Maragliano, Giuseppe Canavese, and Giuliano Mariani. "Different Sites and Modes of Tracer Injection for Mapping the Sentinel Lymph Node in Patients with Breast Cancer." Tumori Journal 86, no. 4 (July 2000): 307–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160008600411.
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Several studies have been published describing the techniques of identification of the “sentinel lymph node'’ (SN). There are marked differences in the techniques used by different investigators. Although agreement exists about the tracer particle size and the volume of injection, it is unknown what is the best site where to inject the tracer or the vital dye. The aim of the present study was to define the influence of different sites of injection on imaging of the lymphatic ducts and their SNs. We performed a pilot study in 30 consecutive patients with breast cancer who underwent SN biopsy by means of radioguided surgery and vital blue dye mapping. The patients were divided into six groups of five patients each; each patient was given a subdermal (ID) or peritumoral (IP) injection of radiotracer (300 μCi in 150 mL of 99mTc-HSA microcolloids; Albures, Amersham Sorin) above the tumor site in order to localize the SN. After the identification of the SN, a second injection of radiotracer was performed, which was different in each patient subset. In some cases more than one lymph node appeared on the lymphoscintigraphic scans after the second injection of radiotracer. When the peritumoral route was used it took longer to visualize the lymphatic pathways. For the ID route, injection at the exact skin projection over the tumor is optimal. Internal mammary lymph nodes were identified by both IP (2) and ID (1) injection, irrespective of the quadrant in which the tracer was injected. Our findings support the hypothesis of a precise topographic correspondence between the primary tumor and its specific SN. The subdermal route is more accurate than the intraparenchymal route, as it allows faster identification of the lymphatic vessels and SN. We believe these observations should be taken into account for the proper selection of the injection site of either vital dye or radiopharmaceuticals.
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Zhang, Shengyu, Zhencai Zhu, Haiying Hu, and Yuqing Li. "Research on Task Satellite Selection Method for Space Object Detection LEO Constellation Based on Observation Window Projection Analysis." Aerospace 8, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8060156.
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Aiming at the task planning and scheduling problem of space object detection LEO constellation (SODLC) for detecting space objects in deep space background, a method of SODLC task satellite selection based on observation window projection analysis is proposed. This method projects the spatial relative relationships of the SODLC observation blind zone, observation range, and the initial spatial position of the objects onto the surface of the earth for detectable analysis of satellites and targets and binds the dynamic observation conditions to the satellite trajectory after projection calculation of the visible relationship between target changes. On this basis, combined with the features of SODLC with high orbital symmetry, the task satellite selection is divided into two steps: orbit plane selection and task satellite selection. The orbit planes are selected based on the longitude range of the ascending node with the geographic location of the targets, and the task satellites are selected according to the relative motion relationship between the satellites and the targets together with the constraints of observable conditions. The selection method simplifies the calculation process of scheduling and selecting task satellites. Simulation analysis prove the method has better task satellite selection efficiency. The method has high practical value for task planning and scheduling for event-driven SODLC.
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Takada, Masahiro, Megumi Takeuchi, Eiji Suzuki, Fumiaki Sato, Yoshiaki Matsumoto, Masae Torii, Nobuko Kawaguchi-Sakita, et al. "Real-time navigation system for sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer patients using projection mapping with indocyanine green fluorescence." Breast Cancer 25, no. 6 (May 9, 2018): 650–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12282-018-0868-2.
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