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Journal articles on the topic 'Nodular Cast Iron'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Vaško, Alan. "Fatigue Properties of Synthetic Nodular Cast Irons." Key Engineering Materials 635 (December 2014): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.635.5.

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The contribution deals with comparison of microstructure, mechanical properties and fatigue properties of synthetic nodular cast irons with a different ratio of steel scrap in a charge. Chemical composition of individual melts was regulated alternatively by ferrosilicon (FeSi) and carburizer or metallurgical silicon carbide (SiC). The paper shows positive influence of SiC additive on the microstructure, mechanical properties as well as fatigue properties of nodular cast iron. The additive of metallurgical silicon carbide in analysed specimens increases the content of ferrite in the matrix, decreases the size of graphite and increases the average count of graphitic nodules per unit of area. Consequently, the mechanical and fatigue properties of nodular cast iron are improved.

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2

Vaško, Alan, and Marek Krynke. "Fatigue Properties Of Nodular Cast Irons Alloyed By Si, Mo And Cu." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 738–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0094.

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AbstractIn recent years, the research of nodular cast iron has been focused on increasing fatigue resistence. In the paper, two types of alloyed nodular cast irons have been investigated – SiMo-nodular cast iron alloyed by 4% of silicon and 1% of molybdenum and SiCu-nodular cast iron alloyed by 4% of silicon and 1.5% of copper. SiMo-nodular cast iron is suitable for high-temperature applications, for example the exhaust manifolds of the combustion engines. SiCu-nodular cast iron is used in various components of tribotechnical units. These components are often loaded by fatigue. The mechanical and fatigue behaviour of both nodular cast iron types has been studied by means of tensile test, impact bending test, hardness test and fatigue tests. Fatigue tests were realised at low frequency cyclic push-pull loading up to 10 million cycles. The relationship between the amplitude of stress and number of cycles to failure was investigated and the fatigue strength was determined. Mechanical and fatigue properties of both nodular cast iron types are correlated with the microstructure of specimens.

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3

Vaško, Alan, Viera Zatkalíková, and Václav Kaňa. "Corrosion Resistance of SiMo- and SiCu-Types of Nodular Cast Iron in NaCl Solution." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2020-0023.

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AbstractNodular cast irons are used in a wide range of industrial applications, especially in the automotive industry. SiMo-type of nodular cast iron is suitable for high-temperature applications, for example the exhaust manifolds of the combustion engines; SiCu-type of nodular cast iron is used in various components of tribotechnical units. These automotive components often work in a corrosive environment. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to compare the corrosion resistance of two types of the nodular cast irons (SiMo-type and SiCu-type). Corrosion resistance was determined by the exposure immersion test at ambient temperature. Specimens of both types of nodular cast iron were immersed in 3.5 % NaCl solution (to simulate sea water) and gradually removed from the solution after 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Subsequently, the weight loss (g) and the average corrosion rate (g m−2 day−1) were calculated. Experimental results show that nodular cast iron alloyed by Si and Mo has higher corrosion resistance than the nodular cast iron alloyed with Si and Cu. Moreover, the mechanical properties (evaluated by tensile test, impact bending test and hardness test) and fatigue properties of both types of nodular cast iron has been compared in the paper.

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4

Li, Bao Yuan, Guo Shang Zhang, Shi Zhong Wei, and Ji Wen Li. "Research on Heat Resistance of As-Cast Ferritic Nodular Iron." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.184.

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This article focuses on research into thermal shock fatigue resistance and oxidation resistance of as-cast ferritic nodular iron. The results show that the number of cycles required to crack nodular iron under the action of thermal stress is significantly higher than that of grey cast iron, and the rate at which cracks spread is lower compared with that of grey cast iron. When graphite is transformed from flakes into nodules, its decreased connectivity impedes the flow of oxygen during oxidization, thereby improving its oxidation resistance.

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5

Khan, Fareed Ashraf, and Hasse Fredriksson. "Melt Stirring of Nodular Cast Iron." Materials Science Forum 925 (June 2018): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.925.125.

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In this work the effects of stirring/vigorous shearing on matrix and graphite phase in nodular cast iron melt during solidification were studied. Several experiments were conducted for different cooling and stirring times. Samples were prepared and examinations of the microstructure were conducted and compared using Leica Optical Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In addition, a chemical analysis of the graphite precipitate was performed using EDX equipment mounted on SEM. Oxidation of the melt and formation of oxide nuclei during stirring were observed and analysed. The influence of melt shearing on the structure, nodule count, distribution, area fraction and on overall graphite precipitation was observed and examined with the help of respective computer programs and soft wares. Stirring resulted in increasing the nucleation sites for graphite precipitation thereby increasing the nodule count and area fraction of carbide and transforming the structure from pearlitic matrix to ferritic matrix.

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6

Heckmann, C. J., W. Stets, and G. Wolf. "Plate Fracture of Nodular Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.367.

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Plate fracture is a defective fracture structure in nodular cast iron that can be found especially in the transition area of feeder, feeder neck and the cast part itself. It occurs rather spontaneously due to the fact that the exact reason for it is still unknown. The microstructure of the casting in the area of plate fracture comprises aligned graphite nodules in combination with a pronounced dendritic microstructure as characteristical features. A series of casting trials was performed in which plate like samples were produced. It could be shown by means of metallographic investigation of these samples in combination with the simulation of the solidification that specific local conditions during the solidification are the metallurgical reasons for the appearance of plate fracture. These specific conditions were the local temperature gradient and the velocity of the liquid/solid interface.

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7

Liu, Ke Gao, Ai Min Xu, Dong Xiang, and Bin Xu. "Microstructures and Properties of Bainitic Nodular Cast Iron Treated by Controlled Cooling and Austempering Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.259.

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The mixed structures of bainite matrix, austenite and nodular graphite were obtained in nodular cast iron treated by controlled cooling and austempering in electric oven instead of nitrate salt bath. The relations between bainitic morphology and mechanical properties were investigated. Experimental results show that, the nodular cast iron treated by controlled cooling in water bath and austempering has microstructures of upper bainite and austenite, the mechanical properties fluctuate greatly due to its relatively narrow temperature region in processing. The consistency of mechanical properties of lower bainite nodular cast iron is superior to upper bainite nodular cast iron. The comprehensive mechanical properties of lower bainite nodular cast iron are improved by tempering. However, the brittleness increases greatly when martensite appears in mixed structures, while good mechanical properties can still be obtained by tempering at elevated temperatures.

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8

Gumienny, G. "The Effect of Nodular Cast Iron Metal Matrix on the Wear Resistance." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0060-7.

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The Effect of Nodular Cast Iron Metal Matrix on the Wear Resistance The paper presents results of studies on the effect of the nodular cast iron metal matrix composition on the abrasive and adhesive wear resistance. Nodular cast iron with different metal matrix obtained in the rough state and ADI were tested. To research of abrasive and adhesive wear the pearlitic and bainitic cast iron with carbides and without this component were chosen. The influence of the carbides amount for cast iron wear resistance was examined. It was found, that the highest abrasive and adhesive wear resistance under conditions of dry friction has a nodular cast iron with carbides with upper and lower bainite. Carbides in bainitic and pearlitic cast iron significantly increase the wear resistance in these conditions. In terms of fluid friction the largest wear resistance had cast iron group with the highest hardness.

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9

Celis, Mayerling Martinez, Bernadette Domengès, Eric Hug, and Jacques Lacaze. "Analysis of Nuclei in a Heavy-Section Nodular Iron Casting." Materials Science Forum 925 (June 2018): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.925.173.

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The microstructure of heavy section nodular graphite cast irons often presents a bimodal distribution of nodule size associated with so-called primary and secondary graphite nucleation. It has been found that the nuclei in both types of nodules consist mainly in magnesium sulphide. However, nuclei in primary nodules contain some traces of calcium and are thus related with the inoculation treatment. On the contrary, nuclei in secondary nodules do not contain any element that could be associated to inoculation. It is suggested they form in the late stage of the eutectic reaction as a result of microsegregation build-up in magnesium and sulphur.

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10

Vaško, Alan, and Mária Chalupová. "FAILURE MICROMECHANISMS OF NODULAR CAST IRON." Production Engineering Archives 5/4 (December 2014): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2014.05.08.

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11

Sahiluoma, Patrik, Yuriy Yagodzinskyy, Antti Forsström, Hannu Hänninen, and Sven Bossuyt. "Hydrogen embrittlement of nodular cast iron." Materials and Corrosion 72, no. 1-2 (July 22, 2020): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.202011682.

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12

DONG, M. J., G. K. HU, A. DIBOINE, D. MOULIN, and C. PRIOUL. "Damage modelling in nodular cast iron." Le Journal de Physique IV 03, no. C7 (November 1993): C7–643—C7–648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:19937103.

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13

Vaško, Alan, and Milan Vaško. "Influence of Stress Mode on Failure Micromechanisms of Nodular Cast Iron." Applied Mechanics and Materials 693 (December 2014): 382–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.693.382.

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The paper deals with comparison of the failure micromechanisms of nodular cast iron at static, impact and fatigue stress. Several specimens of ferrite-pearlitic nodular cast irons with different content of ferrite in a matrix were used for metallographic analysis, mechanical tests and microfractographic analysis. Mechanical properties were found out by static tensile test, impact bending test and fatigue tests. The microfractographic analysis was made with use of scanning electron microscope on fracture surfaces of the specimens fractured by these mechanical tests. Fracture surfaces of analysed specimens are characteristic of mixed mode of fracture. Failure micromechanism of nodular cast irons is dependent on mode of stress.

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14

Liu, Jin Hai, Xiao Yan Hao, Guo Lu Li, Xue Bo Zhao, and Gen Sheng Liu. "Study on the Low Cycle Fatigue Damage of Nodular Cast Iron Based on Elastic Modulus." Key Engineering Materials 324-325 (November 2006): 851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.324-325.851.

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The influence of fatigue ratio on the low cycle fatigue damage of nodular cast iron was investigated by measuring the elastic modulus. The results indicated that the elastic modulus of nodular cast iron is a sensitive parameter to the fatigue damage at low cycle. The fatigue damage variable of nodular cast iron increases with cycle ratio. At the beginning and end period of cycling, the damage of nodular iron increases sharply, and in the range of 0.2- 0.8 cycle ratio, the fatigue damage grows gradually.

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15

Gumienny, G., L. Klimek, and B. Kurowska. "Effect of the Annealing Temperature on the Microstructure and Properties of Ausferritic Nodular Cast Iron." Archives of Foundry Engineering 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2016-0047.

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Abstract The paper presents the microstructure and selected properties of ausferritic nodular cast iron annealed at the temperature 520 and 550°C. This choice was dictated by the temperatures used in the practice of nitriding. Nodular graphite in cast iron was obtained with use of Inmold process. Cast iron containing molybdenum and copper ensuring obtaining an ausferrite in the cast iron matrix without the use of heat treatment of castings was tested. The effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure and the kind of fracture of the ausferritic nodular cast iron was presented. The effect of an annealing temperature on hardness, impact strength and the microhardness of ausferritic nodular cast iron matrix was shown too. The lamellar structure of phases in the cast iron matrix after annealing has been ascertained. There has been an increase in hardness of an annealed cast iron and microhardness of its matrix. The reduction in the impact strength of the cast iron annealed at 520 and 550°C was approximately 10-30%. Both an increase in the hardness of cast iron as well as an decrease in its impact strength is probably due to the separation of secondary carbides during the heat treatment.

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16

Kiss, Imre. "Cast iron rolls." Tehnički glasnik 13, no. 2 (June 17, 2019): 92–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20180516131304.

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The manufacturing process of the rolling rolls, as well as the quality of materials used in casting them, can have an important influence upon the quality and the safety of the exploitation. Our approaches to the issue of quality assurance of the rolling rolls, from the viewpoint of the quality of materials that are featured, can cause duration and safety in the rolling exploitation. This research is required because of the numerous flaws that cause rejection, since the phase of melting of these irons is intended to cast rolls. According to the industrial analysis in the cast iron rolls foundries, the results show that one of the main rejection categories is due to the inadequate hardness of the rolls. One of the parameters that will determine the cast iron’s structure is the chemical composition, and this factor could assure the exploitation properties of each roll in all the stands of rolling mill. In this sense, the paper presents an overview of industrial and laboratory research regarding the assurance of the chemical composition of the irons (with nodular graphite) destined for the half–hard rolls casting, and tries to draw some remarks upon the proper correlations of these irons. This study analyses iron rolls cast in combined moulds (iron chill, for the barrel and moulding sand, for the necks of rolls) and includes charges of rolls from half–hard classes, with definite structure and nodular graphite, obtained in simplex cast processes. It presents, in graphical form, the influence of the chemical composition of these irons on the hardness, measured on the barrel. The proper solution is determined through some mathematical restrictions to the input data that the mathematical modelling is initiated with. It will be determined through regression equations, which describe the mathematical dependency between the hardness and the elements of chemical composition – the basic elements (Carbon [C], Manganese [Mn] and Silicon [Si]), the particulate elements (Sulphur [S], Phosphorus [P] and Magnesium [Mg]) and the main alloying elements (Nickel [Ni], Molybdenum [Mo] and Chrome [Cr]). The main results and the graphical addenda are presented.

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17

Pietrowski, S., and G. Gumienny. "Microsegregation in Nodular Cast Iron with Carbides." Archives of Foundry Engineering 12, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10266-012-0120-z.

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Abstract In this paper results of microsegregation in the newly developed nodular cast iron with carbides are presented. To investigate the pearlitic and bainitic cast iron with carbides obtained by Inmold method were chosen. The distribution of linear elements on the eutectic cell radius was examined. To investigate the microsegregation pearlitic and bainitic cast iron with carbides obtained by Inmold method were chosen. The linear distribution of elements on the eutectic cell radius was examined. Testing of the chemical composition of cast iron metal matrix components, including carbides were carried out. The change of graphitizing and anti-graphitizing element concentrations within eutectic cell was determined. It was found, that in cast iron containing Mo carbides crystallizing after austenite + graphite eutectic are Si enriched.

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18

Gumienny, G., and T. Giętka. "Continuous Cooling Transformation (CCT) Diagrams Of Carbidic Nodular Cast Iron." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 705–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0195.

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Abstract This work presents continuous cooling transformation diagrams for different kinds of carbidic nodular cast iron. We investigated the cast iron, chemical composition of which in nodular cast iron allows the obtainment of a metal matrix which consists of: pearlite, upper bainite and its mixture with lower bainite, ausferrite and martensite when the casts were cooled in the mold. The influence of the rate of cooling on the obtained microstructure and hardness of the casts was shown. The work describes the influence of the alloy additives on the curves of austenite decomposition in the carbidic nodular cast iron. Diagrams were plotted which enable an understanding of the kinetics of the transformations of austenite in carbidic nodular cast iron. The diagrams also indicate the possibility of obtaining pearlite, bainite, martensite and ausferrite with the established chemical composition and the wall thickness of the cast.

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19

Vaško, Milan, and Alan Vaško. "Correlation between Charge Composition and Fatigue Properties of Nodular Cast Irons." Applied Mechanics and Materials 474 (January 2014): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.474.291.

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The contribution deals with comparison of microstructure, mechanical properties and fatigue properties of synthetic nodular cast irons with a different ratio of steel scrap in a charge. Chemical composition of individual meltages was regulated alternatively by ferrosilicon (FeSi) and carburizer or metallurgical silicon carbide (SiC). The paper shows that SiC additive positively influences the microstructure, mechanical properties as well as fatigue properties of nodular cast iron, especially in the meltages with higher ratio of steel scrap in the charge. Moreover, production of synthetic nodular cast irons with SiC additive is economically advantageous.

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20

Gumienny, G. "Effect of the Carbides and Matrix on the Wear Resistance of Nodular Cast Iron." Archives of Foundry Engineering 13, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/afe-2013-0053.

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Abstract This paper presents the results of the abrasive wear resistance of selected types of nodular cast iron, including ADI, cooperating with quartz sand and 100 grit abrasive paper. It has been shown that carbides in nodular cast iron cause an increase in wear resistance of 6 to 12% depending on the surface fraction of the carbides and type of the matrix. For the same unit pressure the mass loss of the cast iron cooperating with quartz sand is many times larger than the cast iron cooperating with abrasive paper. For both abrasives the highest wear resistance showed nodular cast iron with upper and lower bainite and carbides.

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21

Collini, L., and G. Nicoletto. "Determination of the relationship between microstructure and constitutive behaviour of nodular cast iron with a unit cell model." Journal of Strain Analysis for Engineering Design 40, no. 2 (February 1, 2005): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/030932405x7692.

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Unit cell models have been proposed to predict the constitutive law and failure of ductile materials with complex microstructures, such as ferritic nodular cast iron and particulate metal matrix composites (PMMCs). The present contribution aims to extend this modelling approach to the prediction of the constitutive response of nodular cast iron with a mixed ferritic/pearlitic matrix. The finite element method is used within the framework of continuum mechanics to carry out the calculations. The effect of some microstructural features, such as graphite volume fraction and ferrite-pearlite ratio of the matrix, on the mechanical performance is determined. The computational results are compared to results obtained in a previous experimental activity on nodular cast irons.

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22

Forsström, Antti, Yuriy Yagodzinskyy, and Hannu Hänninen. "Hydrogen effects on mechanical performance of nodular cast iron." Corrosion Reviews 37, no. 5 (September 25, 2019): 441–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/corrrev-2019-0007.

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AbstractThe KBS-3 method for long-term disposal of spent nuclear fuel is designed with an external self-standing copper shell, which provides the most important barrier against corrosion and escape of radionuclides, and an internal nodular cast iron insert, which provides the load-bearing structure against external loads. The material intended for the load-bearing insert is ferritic nodular cast iron EN 1563 grade EN-GJS-400-15U. In this paper, hydrogen uptake and sensitivity to hydrogen-induced cracking of the cast iron were studied using tensile testing under continuous electrochemical charging in 1 N H2SO4 solution. Hydrogen uptake was measured by using the thermal desorption method. It was found that the hydrogen desorption profile manifests three distinct peaks at initial locations of 400, 500, and 700 K with a heating rate of 6 K/min. Plastic deformation results in a remarkable increase of the 400 K peak, which indicates hydrogen uptake during deformation. In the constant extension rate tests (CERT) and the constant load tests (CLT), electrochemical hydrogen charging reduced markedly the elongation to fracture and time to fracture, respectively. In CLT, hydrogen charging increased dramatically the creep rate at the applied load of about 0.7 yield stress. Ligaments between the graphite nodules exhibit brittle cleavage facets in the presence of hydrogen, while the ligaments show a characteristic ductile appearance of shear and small dimples when testing in air or distilled water. The obtained results are discussed in terms of the known mechanisms of hydrogen-induced cracking and the role of the graphite nodules in the embrittlement of ductile cast iron.

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23

Sudarmanto, Sudarmanto. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN NIKEL TERHADAP KEKUATAN TARIK DAN KEKERASAN PADA BESI TUANG NODULAR 50." Angkasa: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi 8, no. 2 (August 25, 2017): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/angkasa.v8i2.117.

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Nodular cast iron is the cast iron that has nodular graphite spherical structure distributed in ferrite or pearlite matrix or in both of them. Recently, this material is used widely in industries because its low cost and better performance. The advanced metal industries nowadays have found some new technologies in order to improve the properties of materials. One of them is the addition of another elements into the base metals, such as nickel. The effects of the addition 1wt %, 2wt % and 3wt % nickel into nodular cast iron 50 on tensile and hardness properties were investigated in this study. The experimental results show that the best amount of nickel that added into nodular cast iron is 3% wt, which has the best tensile and hardness properties

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24

Zhang, Sheng Wen, Chan Yuan Gong, Xi Feng Fang, C. S. Zhu, and W. Jia. "Finite Element Simulation of Orthogonal Cutting of Nodular Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 392-394 (October 2008): 929–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.392-394.929.

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Some key techniques such as material constitutive model, friction characteristics at tool-chip interface were discussed. And the constitutive equation for nodular cast iron 500-7 was established. Then the simulation software DEFORM-2D was used to simulate the orthogonal cutting process. Finally, the influences of cutting parameters and tool geometries on cutting forces, cutting temperature and chip morphology were analyzed. This study provides some academic support to the optimization of cutting parameters for nodular cast irons.

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25

Lupinca, Cinca Ionel, Marian Dumitru Nedeloni, and Dorian Nedelcu. "Gray Cast Iron Behavior in Cavitation Erosion." Materials Science Forum 782 (April 2014): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.782.269.

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The paper presents the cavitation stand used, the work methodology, the trials realized on specimens of gray cast irons, with flake graphite and spheroidal-graphite, which were tested for cavitation erosion during different periods of time of the cavitation attack. Finally, the conclusions were interpreted on the basis of comparative graphics realized at the macro and microstructures level obtained for these two types of cast iron. Of the two types of gray cast iron, the nodular cast iron presents a better cavitation erosion resistance.

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26

Betancur Arroyave, Adrián Alberto, and Carla Tatiana Mota Anflor. "Multi-Scaling Homogenization Process for Nodular Cast Iron Using BEM." Journal of Multiscale Modelling 08, no. 03n04 (September 2017): 1740005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973717400054.

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In this work, a multi-scaling homogenization process using boundary element formulation (BEM) for modeling a two-dimensional multi-phase microstructure containing irregular’s inclusions is presented. The BEM is very attractive for multiscale modeling tools for heterogeneous materials. In this approach, the iterative inhomogeneity discretization of the external boundary is disregarded, leading to a computational low cost. This approach was used for solving the elastic problem of a representative volume element (RVE) and the field theory medium. The main goal relies on finding the effective properties of micro-heterogeneous materials within a homogeneous and orthotropic matrix. Expressions for evaluating the effective properties under Plane Stress (PT) for orthotropic materials were also presented. Generally, the numerical models consider the graphite nodules as voids for GGG-40 and the roundness is close circular geometry. In this sense, a nodular cast iron GGG-40 microgram was obtained by X-ray computed tomography and Laser Confocal Microscope System, allowing the modeling of the true nodule shape. The numerical results showed good agreement with the experimental tests. The inclusions of graphite were considered as voids in the material matrix. Experimental stress–strain tests and micrographic analysis were used to determine the Young’s modulus, spatial distributions, as well as, nodule shape. The numerical in this work was compared with the obtained experimental results in this work. The comparison between the obtained experimental data with those available in the literature also showed good agreement.

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27

Kumpula, Asko, Joona Vaara, Anton Leppänen, and Tero Frondelius. "Nodular Cast Iron ONERA Fatigue Model Fitting." Rakenteiden Mekaniikka 50, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): 179–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.23998/rm.64740.

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ONERA fatigue model identification has been carried out for the nodular cast iron material. Selected fatigue model considers mean stress effect, temperature dependency, multiaxiality and non-linear damage cumulation due to variable amplitude loading. Fitting of model parameters was carried out using the Z-set software package.

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28

Zhang, Guang Jun, Zhu Chang Zhu, Wei Rong Wang, and Wenlong Xi. "Laser Surface Processing of Nodular Cast Iron." Key Engineering Materials 46-47 (January 1991): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.46-47.251.

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29

Doong, Ji-Liang, and Chun-Sheng Chen. "FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF BAINITIC NODULAR CAST IRON." Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures 12, no. 2 (March 1989): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1989.tb00520.x.

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30

Ghahremaninezhad, A., and K. Ravi-Chandar. "Deformation and failure in nodular cast iron." Acta Materialia 60, no. 5 (March 2012): 2359–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.12.037.

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31

Malage, Abhijit, Priti P. Rege, and Manoj J. Rathod. "Automatic quantitative analysis of microstructure of ductile cast iron using digital image processing." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 21, no. 3 (September 30, 2015): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/77.

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Ductile cast iron is preferred as nodular iron or spheroidal graphite iron. Ductile cast iron contains graphite in form of discrete nodules and matrix of ferrite and perlite. In order to determine the mechanical properties, one needs to determine volume of phases in matrix and nodularity in the microstructure of metal sample. Manual methods available for this, are time consuming and accuracy depends on expertize. The paper proposes a novel method for automatic quantitative analysis of microstructure of Ferritic Pearlitic Ductile Iron which calculates volume of phases and nodularity of that sample. This gives results within a very short time (approximately 5 sec) with 98% accuracy for volume phases of matrices and 90% of accuracy for nodule detection and analysis which are in the range of standard specified for SG 500/7 and validated by metallurgist.

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32

Muhmond, Haji Muhammad, and Hasse Fredriksson. "Graphite Growth Morphologies in Cast Iron." Materials Science Forum 790-791 (May 2014): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.790-791.458.

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Graphite growth morphology was studied by using InLense detector on FEG-SEM after performing ion etching on the samples. Star like and circumferential growth mechanism of graphite was observed in the graphite nodules. Pure ternary alloy of hypo eutectic and hyper eutectic composition was treated with pure Mg, Ca and Sr, to study the effect of O and S concentration in the melt, on the transition of graphite morphology from nodular to vermicular/compacted and flake graphite. The change in the melt composition between the austenite dendrites due to micro-segregation of S, O and inoculants and their possible effects on the transition of graphite morphologies as well as the nucleation of new oxides/sulfides particles is discussed with the help of thermodynamics.

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33

Paredes-Orta, Carlos A., Federico Manriquez-Guerrero, Julieta Torres-González, Federico Castañeda, and Ivan R. Terol-Villalobos. "Wear Characterization of Nodular Cast Iron Based on Clusters of Nodules." Advanced Materials Research 976 (June 2014): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.976.184.

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In this paper a study of wear behavior on nodular cast irons of the automotive industry is carried out. In different sections of two automobile parts, wear tests were performed using a tribometer pin-on-disk. Then, we calculated the density of nodules, volume fraction and nodularity without finding a relationship with the wear behavior. However, based on the concept of clusters of nodules, that integrate spatial distribution and size, we find that they play a major role in the wear behavior.

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Čanžar, Predrag, and Zdenko Tonković. "Nodular Cast Iron – Fatigue Crack Measurement and Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (September 2013): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.473.

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Study presented in this paper is concerned with fatigue crack initiation detection, crack propagation observation and measurement as well as with numerical simulation of damage accumulation and propagation in the nodular cast iron grade EN-GJS-400-18-LT. Material properties of nodular cast iron are well elaborated in previous authors' papers. Crack initiation and its propagation observation as well as crack length measurement is performed on standardized specimens using ARAMIS 4M optical system. Based on the experimental results, a new three-dimensional constitutive model is proposed to simulate the low-cycle fatigue behaviour of considered material. An efficient algorithm for modelling cyclic plasticity is used for performing numerical simulation of crack initiation and growth on standardized specimens made from nodular cast iron. The computational procedure accuracy is verified by comparing the computed results with the real experimental data.

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35

Luo, Guang Si. "Property and Application of Austempered Ductile Cast Iron." Advanced Materials Research 328-330 (September 2011): 1297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.1297.

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Austempered ductile cast iron is newly developed engineering material with a favorable combination of comprehensive mechanical properties. Its properties, such as good comprehensive mechanical properties, high fatigue strength, and good fiction and wear characteristics are included. The application of ADI at home and abroad was presented as well. In order to ensure and improve mechanical properties of ADI, it should ensure high rank nodularity in terms of nodular cast iron, improve graphite nodules, reduce segregation and properly cut down the content of silicon and manganese. While in terms of heat treatment, in order to achieve ideal austenite ferrites, stable and reliable heat treatment process as well as relevant equipment is required.

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36

Månsson, T., and F. Nilsson. "Nodule influence on fatigue crack growth thresholds in nodular cast iron." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 12, no. 5 (March 2000): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13640461.2000.11819369.

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37

Orłowicz, A. W., M. Mróz, M. Tupaj, A. Trytek, M. Jacek, and M. Radoń. "Cavitation Erosion of Nodular Cast Iron − Microstructural Effects." Archives of Foundry Engineering 17, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2017-0141.

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Abstract The paper deals with susceptibility of nodular cast iron with ferritic-pearlitic matrix on cavitation erosion. Cavitation tests were carried out with the use of a cavitation erosion vibratory apparatus employing a vibration exciter operated at frequency of 20 kHz. The study allowed to determine the sequence of subsequent stages in which microstructure of cast iron in superficial regions is subject to degradation. The first features to be damaged are graphite precipitates. The ferritic matrix of the alloy turned out to be definitely less resistant to cavitation erosion compared to the pearlitic matrix component.

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38

Qi, Xiao Ben, and Shi Gen Zhu. "Study on Electric Contact Heating for Nodular Cast Iron 600-3." Applied Mechanics and Materials 152-154 (January 2012): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.152-154.316.

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The method of electric contact heating for nodular cast iron was based on the application of the contact resistance heating between the electrode and work piece to change the characteristics of the surface. The effects of processing parameters on the width and depth of modified layer were analyzed, and among the experimental factors, the electric current had the largest effect than the others. Optical microscope was used to describe the microstructure transformation and identify the phases in the modified layer. Results showed that a cementite-martensite microstructure in the melted zone and a martensite-ledeburite-ferrite microstructure with graphite nodules in the hardened zone have been observed; especially two typical hardened shells around graphite are achieved in the hardened zone, which are ledebruite-martensite shell and single martensite shell around graphite. The effects of the changed microstructures were additionally verified by microhardness measurements in the modified zone. The microhardness of the nodular cast iron was found to be significantly increased after electric contact heating.

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Masen, M. A., M. B. de Rooij, D. J. Schipper, K. Adachi, and K. Kato. "Single asperity abrasion of coated nodular cast iron." Tribology International 40, no. 2 (February 2007): 170–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.triboint.2005.11.023.

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40

Charbon, Ch, and M. Rappaz. "3D Stochastic Modelling of Nodular Cast Iron Solidification." Advanced Materials Research 4-5 (October 1997): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.4-5.453.

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Dahlberg, M. "Fatigue crack propagation in nodular graphite cast iron." International Journal of Cast Metals Research 17, no. 1 (January 2004): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136404604225012398.

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42

Jen, Kei-Peng, Joseph T. Scardina, and Dallas G. Smith. "Fracture behavior of as-cast pearlitic nodular iron." Engineering Fracture Mechanics 22, no. 2 (January 1985): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-7944(85)80024-2.

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43

Celentano, D. J., P. M. Dardati, F. D. Carazo, and L. A. Godoy. "Thermomechanical–microstructural modelling of nodular cast iron solidification." Materials Science and Technology 29, no. 2 (February 2013): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/1743284712y.0000000146.

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Bartošová, Marianna, Alena Pribulová, Štefan Eperješi, and Peter Futáš. "Analysis of Cooling Curves of Nodular Cast Iron." Journal of Casting & Materials Engineering 2, no. 1 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/jcme.2018.2.1.1.

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45

Metlitskii, V. A. "Arc welding austenitic nodular graphite nickel cast iron." Welding International 12, no. 3 (January 1998): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507119809448480.

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46

DOONG, J., and S. YU. "Fatigue crack propagation of bainitic nodular cast iron." International Journal of Fatigue 10, no. 4 (October 1988): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0142-1123(88)90002-3.

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47

Jeng, Ming Chang. "Abrasive wear study of bainitic nodular cast iron." Journal of Materials Science 28, no. 24 (December 1993): 6555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00356393.

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48

Wessén, Magnus, and Ingvar L. Svensson. "Modeling of ferrite growth in nodular cast iron." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 27, no. 8 (August 1996): 2209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02651875.

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Wang, Wen Quan, Bao Sheng Lu, and Chang Long Shan. "Microstructures and Properties of Ni25 and Fe304 Repairing Layers Prepared by Plasma Surfacing." Advanced Materials Research 466-467 (February 2012): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.357.

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Microstructures and properties of plasma surfaced Ni25 and Fe304 layers prepared on nodular cast iron substrate were investigated. The study showed that the interface boundary existed between the layers and substrate. Compared with typical microstructures of welded joint, the similar columnar grains in the layers perpendicular to the interface line were observed, which were hardly seen in the plasma sprayed coating. The conclusion could be drawn that the bonding between the Ni25 and Fe304 layers and nodular cast iron substrate belonged to the metallurgical cohesion. The XRD analysis showed that the metal compounds such as Ni4B3，Cr7BC4，γ-(Fe, Ni) and Cr7C3were found in the layers. The study demonstrated that the layers had proper strength and hardness to repair the surface defects of the nodular cast iron.

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50

Betancur, Adrián, Carla Anflor, André Pereira, and Ricardo Leiderman. "Determination of the Effective Elastic Modulus for Nodular Cast Iron Using the Boundary Element Method." Metals 8, no. 8 (August 15, 2018): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8080641.

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In this work, a multiscale homogenization procedure using the boundary element method (BEM) for modeling a two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) multiphase microstructure is presented. A numerical routine is specially written for modeling nodular cast iron (NCI) considering the graphite nodules as cylindrical and real geometries. The BEM is used as a numerical approach for solving the elastic problem of a representative volume element from a mean field model. Numerical models for NCI have generally been developed considering the graphite nodules as voids due to their soft feature. In this sense, three numerical models are developed, and the homogenization procedure is carried out considering the graphite nodules as non-voids. Experimental tensile, hardness, and microhardness tests are performed to determine the mechanical properties of the overall material, matrix, and inclusion nodules, respectively. The nodule sizes, distributions, and chemical compositions are determined by laser scanning microscopy, an X-ray computerized microtomography system (micro-CT), and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, respectively. For the numerical model with real inclusions, the boundary mesh is obtained from micro-CT data. The effective properties obtained by considering the real and synthetic nodules’ geometries are compared with those obtained from the experimental work and the existing literature. The final results considering both approaches demonstrate a good agreement.

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