Academic literature on the topic 'NoE and NEXUS Projects'
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Journal articles on the topic "NoE and NEXUS Projects"
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Lingo, Elizabeth Long, and Siobhán O'Mahony. "Nexus Work: Brokerage on Creative Projects." Administrative Science Quarterly 55, no. 1 (2010): 47–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2189/asqu.2010.55.1.47.
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Neto, Ruy de Castro Sobrosa, João Paulo Bohner, Robert Samuel Birch, et al. "Water, Energy and Food Nexus: A Project Evaluation Model." Water 16, no. 16 (2024): 2235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16162235.
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The connections between universal rights to water supply, energy security, and food supply stand out as a challenge that requires project evaluation models that can capture the complex dynamics and interdependencies of these resources. This study proposes the elaboration of a nexus evaluation model (NEM) for projects related to the water–energy–food nexus (WEFN) from the perspective of sustainability, Industry 4.0, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The model considers the three dimensions of sustainability—economic, environmental, and social; the three structuring factors of Industry 4.0—physical, biological, and digital; and the 17 SDGs proposed by the United Nations. A Design Science Research (DSR) approach was adopted in which the design and development of the model, and demonstration and evaluation phases, were supported by a group of experts. The model was applied to three different projects focused on sustainable technological innovation in energy and agriculture, with the results presented in the RGB color scale represented numerically as a number from 0 to 255. The results demonstrated that, in the relationship between nexus and sustainability, the projects presented scores between 162 and 217 for the environmental dimension, between 158 and 202 for the economic dimension and between 170 and 212 for the social dimension. In the nexus and Industry 4.0 relationship, the projects obtained scores ranging from 9 to 94 in the biological factor, from 13 to 141 in the digital factor, and from 13 to 141 in the physical factor. In the nexus and SDG relationship, scores ranged from 214 to 244 for water, from 195 to 255 for energy, and from 30 to 255 for food. These results from the model were consistent with the reality of the projects being evaluated, demonstrating a greater alignment of the projects with the dimensions of sustainability and the SDGs than with the factors of Industry 4.0. The proposal of the model contributes to broaden the understanding of how projects related to the nexus can be evaluated considering multiple contemporary dimensions.
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Mosalam, Heba Ahmed, and Mohamed El-Barad. "Design of an integration platform between the water-energy nexus and a business model applied for sustainable development." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 7 (2020): 1398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.212.
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Abstract Setting out an international standard schema for the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus and providing accurate data with realistic reports for investment through a simple application is essential for our real world. This research presents a tool to help anyone who wants to invest in environmental projects, especially water, energy, or food projects. The user can directly connect to a database of environmental data applying WEF nexus principles. This paper is looking for a mechanism to apply the WEF nexus concept through a web-based platform implementing unified concepts and terminology, setting basic criteria and standards, and making the data available, consistent, and homogeneous. Based on the problem statement, the purpose of this research is to implement a cross-application for sustainable development, including WEF nexus concepts, taking into consideration the interlinkage between the three resources integrated with a business model or financial study for projects. In addition, we have determined organizational perspectives of WEF nexus, including government entities, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector, and consolidated all the concepts into one set of WEF standards. Increasing the awareness of WEF nexus will help to establish a new generation of researchers who believe in the WEF nexus concepts and who will coordinate with developers and expert consultants to convert the WEF standards to programming coding.
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Orji, Anthony, Mohammed Abubakar, Jonathan E. Ogbuabor, Onyinye I. Anthony-Orji, and Obed I. Ojonta. "Non-Oil Export and Exchange Rate Nexus in Nigeria: Another Empirical Verification." Growth 8, no. 1 (2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20448/journal.511.2021.81.39.47.
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This study examined the nexus between Exchange Rate and Non-Oil Export in Nigeria using time series data from 1985 to 2018. Secondary data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and World Bank Development Indicators (WDI). The study adopted Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and it was fitted with Seven variables; namely, Non-oil Export (NOE), Exchange Rate (EXR), Credit to Private Sector (CPS), Trade Openness (OPN), Inflation (INF), Interest Rate (INT) and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). The results showed that the exchange rate has a positive and significant impact on non-oil export in Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommended that the Government should encourage international trade to boost non-oil export and increase foreign exchange earnings. Also, there is a need for the government to improve the financial institutions to make investment funds available. Lastly, there is a need to revisit the export-oriented policy to ensure that the non-oil sector is well catered for.
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Hunter, Peter, Peter V. Coveney, Bernard de Bono, et al. "A vision and strategy for the virtual physiological human in 2010 and beyond." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 368, no. 1920 (2010): 2595–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2010.0048.
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European funding under framework 7 (FP7) for the virtual physiological human (VPH) project has been in place now for nearly 2 years. The VPH network of excellence (NoE) is helping in the development of common standards, open-source software, freely accessible data and model repositories, and various training and dissemination activities for the project. It is also helping to coordinate the many clinically targeted projects that have been funded under the FP7 calls. An initial vision for the VPH was defined by framework 6 strategy for a European physiome (STEP) project in 2006. It is now time to assess the accomplishments of the last 2 years and update the STEP vision for the VPH. We consider the biomedical science, healthcare and information and communications technology challenges facing the project and we propose the VPH Institute as a means of sustaining the vision of VPH beyond the time frame of the NoE.
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Arenas, Matthew, Pandara Valappil Femeena, and Rachel A. Brennan. "The Water–Energy–Food Nexus Discovery Map: Linking Geographic Information Systems, Academic Collaboration, and Large-Scale Data Visualization." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): 5220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095220.
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The Water–Energy–Food (WEF) Nexus framework for holistic sustainable development has spawned independent and academic communities around the globe that utilize the framework in research, implementation, policy development, and technological advancement. These communities, however, are geographically and topically segmented and lack large-scale databasing that clearly catalogs and classifies their work. Recognizing this need, the WEF Nexus Strategic Initiative program at The Pennsylvania State University has developed the WEF Nexus Discovery Map utilizing the Arc Geographic Information Systems’ (GIS) Online Dashboard creation toolkit. In real time, users are able to select from 5040 different combinations of filters with the ease of a few button pushes and see projects pop up or disappear from the map located on the dashboard. Projects can then be clicked on to view their specific information, such as the institution that produced the work, local collaborators, relevant web page, and point of contact. The WEF Nexus Discovery Map demonstrates the early new-age of data resource management with the intersection of visuals, advanced search with built-in filters, and community-driven data collection to provide users with exact needs and connections to better facilitate and deploy the holistic sustainability framework of the WEF Nexus.
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Sabah, Noor, Mustafa Al-Mukhtar, and Khalid Shemal. "Water - food and energy nexus systems: analysis integrated policy making tool." 3C Empresa. Investigación y pensamiento crítico 12, no. 01 (2023): 324–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17993/3cemp.2023.120151.324-344.
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This research discusses and analyses cutting-edge applications for water-energy-food nexus system analysis. It is axiomatic that substantial data should be acquired for a comprehensive model. The WEF nexus simulator may therefore be built to any extent by using simulated data future integral field spectroscopic (IFs and THENs) for WEF nexus interaction. The required data was then organized, and interactions (IFs and THENs) between the three subsystems were investigated. These IFs and THENs aid in our understanding of and ability to address the intricacy of the WEF. Given that the present study’s objective is to review various solutions for WEF Nexus We can now use these classifications to simplify the WEF nexus idea. In other words, the relationship between the three subsystems is demonstrated by the IFs and THENs variables. It would make sense to remove one of the following THEN variables from one subsystem if one of the IF variables in another subsystem remained. Because earlier Nexus initiatives did not provide information on how to initiate and discover interactions, it will be simple to determine interactions. This study demonstrates how a thorough nexus simulation model can access and communicate a wide range of data. The nexus model's interrelationships and interactions with other subsystems can be easily recovered thanks to this classification approach, and none of them will be missed because of ignorance of the nexus system. These IFs and THENs variables are also seen to be an excellent way to simplify the implementation of the Nexus system. The overall score for each project was then calculated by adding the weighted scores, which provided a methodical and objective way to rank the 29 irrigation and hydroelectric dam projects. This study is the first study in Iraq about water-energy and food nexus and helping to streamline decision-making at the nexus due to the size of the several sectors in the Iraqi human society Following input from NWDS stakeholders, three new factors to take into account when deciding which irrigation project options to pursue were identified: a) Fighting poverty; b) Building irrigation projects close to Iraq's borders to ensure border security. 3) Rural Population Decline or Poverty Exodus. It's important to note that the nation places the highest priority on these three factors (Key Priorities National). Irrigation projects may now be planned in a deliberate manner that takes into account the observations of the relevant authorities thanks to the adoption of these aims together with the strategic assessment criteria. It takes scientific input to create "resource indexes".
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Kamruzzaman, Palash. "Exploring the Nexus Between Participation and Empowerment." Journal of Development Policy and Practice 5, no. 1 (2020): 32–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455133320909926.
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Theoretically, the idea of participation might appear to be replete with grand-sounding promises of empowerment for the poor and marginalised. But, in practice, participation may often take the form of enlisting people in various social and community development projects to secure the compliance of local people. In this paper, I offer a critical review of theoretical promises of participation and contrast this with a number of real-world examples. I argue that participation can be used for validating external approach and incorporated in social as well as community development projects to make it more cost-effective. In theory, giving voices to the poor is important but tokenistic inclusion can often be found in practice for cost-effectiveness. However, giving voices and/or cost efficiency arguments are not coherent with the ideas of empowerment while practices of participation often fail to address the issues of power among various actors, such as decision-makers, participation-seekers and participants. When participation is used as a prerequisite to secure fund or make the project cost-effective, empowerment of poor people does not seem to be a genuine priority. Therefore, empowerment through participation may remain lip-service.
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Ali, Shahid, Qingyou Yan, Muhammad Sajjad Hussain, et al. "Evaluating Green Technology Strategies for the Sustainable Development of Solar Power Projects: Evidence from Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (2021): 12997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132312997.
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Energy is the main element for a modern lifestyle that must be considered in economically reliable and sustainable development dialogues. The financial performance of solar power projects has become the main issue, especially in developing countries such as Pakistan, where it has gained the special attention of government and regulatory authorities. The present study evaluates green technology strategies for the sustainable development of solar power projects in Pakistan. We examine the moderating role of cost and riskiness of the methods between the nexus of capital budgeting techniques and the financial performance of solar power projects. The analysis is performed on data collected from 44 respondents (chief financial officers and chief executive officers) by accompanying an inclusive questionnaire survey. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) is used to assess the formulated suppositions. The results reveal that green technology strategies positively impact the sustainable development of solar power projects. The profitability index is a good source of higher financial performance of the solar power projects. The results further demonstrate that the cost and riskiness of the methods significantly moderate the nexus of capital budgeting techniques and the financial performance of solar power projects. These findings provide a valuable manual for policymakers, government institutions, and regulators to select the appropriate green technology strategy to increase cleaner production and sustainable development of solar power projects.
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Hamzekhani, Hamed, S. Jamshid Mousavi, and Mohammad Vesal. "Water-Energy Nexus-Based Economic Optimization of Water Supply Projects." Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management 147, no. 8 (2021): 04021044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)wr.1943-5452.0001376.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "NoE and NEXUS Projects"
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Ramirez, Portilla Andres, and Paula Novokmet. "An exploratory study of integration mechanisms in Open Innovation Projects within inter-organizational networks: private companies and universities." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-30977.
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<p>It is visible in the innovation literature the tendency to evolve the innovation process into a moreopen and flexible model where innovators of all types can interact freely. This fairly recentparadigm known as Open Innovation is a phenomenon with still a considerable amount of opengaps and challenges. Therefore the question of how integration is achieved between differenttypes of outside innovators remains unanswered. Many organizations, some in more extent thanothers, are already applying Open Innovation within networks; however there is still not a clearunderstanding or a formal theory that describes the mechanisms that can help integrate theinnovation activities with other actors. To address this challenge, we conducted an exploratorystudy in 7 different organizations representing two types of innovators (private firms andacademic institutions) and a nexus agency that acts as an integrator between them. The first partof the results consist of an extensive list of 27 integration mechanisms applicable in openinnovation projects later categorized in 5 new main categories for their practical study anddiscussion. More abstractly, as relationships between these integration mechanisms and interorganizationalnetworks have not been analyzed yet, we want to propose a framework that canprovide an initial notion of their role and interaction in Open Innovation Projects. Thisframework is valuable to consider the applicability of the proposed integration mechanismscategories in different OI settings and supports the understanding of how the harmonization ofOI efforts occurs with different types of innovators. Having a framework of this typeconsiderably extends the understanding of integration in the Open Innovation field and providesas well a guide for organizations to identify how to integrate open innovation efforts.</p>
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Shandor-Bruce, Deborah S. "Make Magic: The nexus of select curriculum studies projects in critical theory and Bakhtin’s literary theory of carnival as theoretical lenses to examine intertextuality, the interplay of text and lived experiences, in a ten year study of one child&." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1351187596.
Full textBooks on the topic "NoE and NEXUS Projects"
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Barbour, Josephine Gordon. Peace in action: Observations on the nexus between development and peace building in Cambodia. CWS, 2010.
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Author, No. Christmas Crafts and Entertaining: Fun Projects and Gifts Plus Great Recipes. Reader's Digest Association (Canada) Montreal, Quebec, Canada, 2003.
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Henry G, Burnett, and Bret Louis-Alexis. Part IV Law and Applicable Principles, 18 Substantive Contractual Principles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198757641.003.0018.
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The mining industry relies on a myriad of contractual agreements to organize relations between the different actors involved in mining projects and transactions. It follows naturally that international mining disputes will often concern the respective obligations of the different parties involved in these agreements. This chapter discusses the principal substantive principles applicable to international contractual mining disputes. It notes the importance of considering the applicable law when drafting an agreement. It pays particular attention to the principles invoked by parties seeking to avoid existing contractual or legal obligations, which are frequently invoked but often misunderstood. These defences include force majeure and its corollary, the act of the prince (fait du prince) doctrine, hardship, and necessity, which States can invoke to excuse non-compliance with their international obligations. This is particularly relevant given the strong nexus between the mining sector and State sovereignty.
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Swatuk, Larry A., and Corrine Cash. Water, Energy, Food and People Across the Global South: ‘The Nexus’ in an Era of Climate Change. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017.
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Swatuk, Larry A., and Corrine Cash. Water, Energy, Food and People Across the Global South: ‘The Nexus’ in an Era of Climate Change. Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
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Singer, Jane, and Quy Nghi Nguyen. Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement in Vietnam: Exploring the State-People Nexus. Routledge, 2022.
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Nghi, Nguyen Quy, and Jane Singer. Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement in Vietnam: Exploring the State-People Nexus. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.
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Development-Induced Displacement and Resettlement in Vietnam: Exploring the State-People Nexus. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.
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Pynnöniemi, Katri, ed. Nexus of Patriotism and Militarism in Russia: A Quest for Internal Cohesion. Helsinki University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33134/hup-9.
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This edited volume explores patriotism and the growing role of militarism in today’s Russia. During the last 20-year period, there has been a consistent effort in Russia to consolidate the nation and to foster a sense of unity and common purpose. To this end, Russian authorities have activated various channels, from educational programmes and youth organizations to media and popular culture. With the conflict in Ukraine, the manipulation of public sentiments – feeling of pride and perception of threat – has become more systemic. The traditional view of Russia being Other for Europe has been replaced with a narrative of enmity. The West is portrayed as a threat to Russia’s historical-cultural originality while Russia represents itself as a country encircled by enemies. On the other hand, these state-led projects mixing patriotism and militarism are perceived sceptically by the Russian society, especially the younger generations. This volume provides new insights into the evolution of enemy images in Russia and the ways in which societal actors perceive official projections of patriotism and militarism in the Russian society. The contributors of the volume include several experts on Russian studies, contemporary history, political science, sociology, and media studies.
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Carmona-Moreno, C., E. Crestaz, Y. Cimmarrusti, et al., eds. Implementing the Water–Energy–Food–Ecosystems Nexus and Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. IWA Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062595.
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The book's primary intention is to serve as a roadmap for professionals working in developing countries interested in the Nexus Water–Energy–Food–Ecosystems (WEFE) approach. The book shows a multi-disciplinary approach, showcasing the importance of the proper use of Nexus WEFE when implementing certain development programs in regions around the globe. It can be presented as a manual for an individual that either wishes to implement intervention projects following the NEXUS approach or students interested in cooperation and development. The book begins with a general explanation of the theoretical concepts and implementation processes of Nexus WEFE and continues with case studies, explaining the importance of proper implementation and potential drawbacks and solutions to them. This book has a particular focus on the European Union cooperation policies when implementing such an approach in developing countries. ISBN: 9781789062588 (paperback) ISBN: 9781789062595 (eBook) ISBN: 9789276310914 (EC) ISBN: 9789231004735 (UNESCO)
Book chapters on the topic "NoE and NEXUS Projects"
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Hettiarachchi, Hiroshan, Johan Bouma, Serena Caucci, and Lulu Zhang. "Organic Waste Composting Through Nexus Thinking: Linking Soil and Waste as a Substantial Contribution to Sustainable Development." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_1.
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AbstractThis introductory chapter explains why organic waste composting is considered as one of the best examples to demonstrate the benefits of nexus thinking. Current literature is rich with information covering various aspects of composting process. However, it mainly represents two distinct fields: waste from the management point of view and soil/agriculture from the nutrient recycling point of view. It is hard to find information on how these two fields can benefit from each other, except for a few examples found within large agricultural fields/businesses. A policy/institutional framework that supports a broader integration of management of such resources is lacking: a structure that goes beyond the typical municipal or ministerial boundaries. There is a clear need to address this gap, and nexus thinking can help immensely close the gap by facilitating the mindset needed for policy integration. Good intention of being sustainable is not enough if there is no comprehensive plan to find a stable market for the compost as a product. Therefore, the chapter also discusses the strong need to have a good business case for composting projects. Composting can also support achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) proposed by the United Nations. While directly supporting SDG 2 (Zero hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible consumption and production), and SDG 13 (Climate action), enhanced composting practices may also assist us reach several other targets specified in other SDGs. While encouraging waste composting as a sustainable method of waste and soil management, we should also be cautious about the possible adverse effects compost can have on the environment and public health, especially due to some non-traditional raw materials that we use nowadays such as wastewater sludge and farm manure. Towards the end, we urge for the improvement of the entire chain ranging from waste generation to waste collection/separation to compost formation and, finally, application to soil to ensure society receives the maximum benefit from composting.
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Carota, Francesco, and Giulia Montanaro. "Navigating the Nexus of Global Design Practices and Local Construction Realities. An Exploration into the Collaborative Architectural Endeavors Within the Framework of Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-4749-1_31.
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Abstract This paper explores the tension between global design practices and local construction challenges in transnational architectural projects, with a focus on Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) developments in selected countries. Over the past two decades, research on “nomadic expertise” and “global experts” has expanded contemporary architectural theory, emphasizing the growing separation of architectural design from its construction due to industrialization and globalization. In this context, managing the design and construction process throughout collaborative practices poses multifaceted challenges. Limited transferability of skills, especially in resource-limited environments, arises from the scale and complexity of contemporary construction projects and the non-site-specific nature of global supply chains. In addressing this complexity, the study employs in-depth case studies investigation of construction projects within the frame of the BRI. It investigates how the global circulation of technologies, expertise, and standards, along-side the evaluation of local conditions, influences design choices in collaborative practices between Chinese architectural and construction firms and their foreign counterparts. In this manner, the study challenges discussions on technological universalism, offering insights into how design firms can navigate the construction of the built environment with pragmatic design and construction practices in complex transnational projects.
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Reddy, V. Ratna, and Mathew Kurian. "Life-Cycle Cost Analysis of Infrastructure Projects." In Governing the Nexus. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05747-7_6.
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Williams, Kim. "Drawing, Form and Architecture: Two Projects for First-Year Students." In Nexus Network Journal. Birkhäuser Basel, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8974-1_9.
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Schiller, Georg, and Stefan Dirlich. "Applications of Life-Cycle Cost Analysis in Water and Wastewater Projects: Lessons from European Experience." In Governing the Nexus. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05747-7_7.
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Galloway, Will, Kevin Logan, and Wanglin Yan. "Proposal for a Database of Food-Energy-Water-Nexus Projects." In TransFEWmation: Towards Design-led Food-Energy-Water Systems for Future Urbanization. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61977-0_13.
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Nijkamp, Peter. "Risk of Planning and Financing Infrastructure Projects: A Private-Public Nexus." In Spatial Change and Interregional Flows in the Integrating Europe. Physica-Verlag HD, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57552-5_18.
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Mandpe, Ashootosh, Sweta Kumari, and Sunil Kumar. "Composting: A Sustainable Route for Processing of Biodegradable Waste in India." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_3.
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AbstractSurging populations, coupled with the ever-increasing demand for sustenance, have led to the generation of behemoth proportions of wastes throughout the globe. The processing of such a considerable amount of waste has raised concerns for environmental planners, policymakers, and researchers in regard to maintaining sustainability. Biodegradable waste is a part of the total waste stream. Consideration should be given to the importance of making better use of biodegradable waste. The technology that is adopted for the management of biodegradable waste should be ecologically sustainable and cost-effective, as well as beneficial to social well-being. The most efficient way of managing biodegradable waste must include different methods for the optimal utilisation of such waste, ranging from the small scale (single household) to the very large scale (entire city). Amid all the other waste processing technologies, composting stands out as a most potent option because of its ability to maintain and restore soil fertility, along with the transformation of waste into a resource. Composting is one of the few technologies which has a benefit–cost ratio higher than 1 at all scales of operation. This chapter analyses the most significant aspects of the composting process, including the recent developments and dynamics involved in it. The chapter discusses various aspects of composting via analysis of the integrated waste management system and composting-related projects implemented at the community level in the Indian context. Finally, the chapter presents policies and the efforts put in place by the Government of India with the aim of encouraging composting practice and related activities.
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Marmolejo-Rebellón, Luis Fernando, Edgar Ricardo Oviedo-Ocaña, and Patricia Torres-Lozada. "Organic Waste Composting at Versalles: An Alternative That Contributes to the Economic, Social and Environmental Well-Being of Stakeholders." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_7.
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AbstractComposting is one of the most widely used technologies for the recovery and use of organic waste from municipal solid waste (MSW); however, its implementation in some developing countries has mostly been ineffective. This chapter documents the experience of the composting of municipal organic waste in the urban area of the municipality of Versalles, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Within the locality, composting of organic waste occurs at an MSW management plant (SWMP), after being separated at the source and selectively collected. The information presented was generated through collaborative research projects, conducted with the cooperation of Camino Verde APC (a community-based organisation providing sanitation services) and Universidad del Valle (Cali, Colombia). The evaluations undertaken show that (i) within the locality, high rates of separation, at the source, in conjunction with selective collection and efficient waste sorting and classification processes in the SWMP, have significantly facilitated the composting process; (ii) the incorporation of locally available amendment or bulking materials (e.g. star grass and cane bagasse) improves the physicochemical quality of the processed organic waste and favours development (i.e. a reduction in process time), leading to an improvement in product quality; (iii) the operation, maintenance and monitoring of the composting process can be carried out by previously trained local human talent; and (iv) revenues from the sale of the final product (compost) are not sufficient to cover the operating costs of the composting process. Despite this current lack of financial viability, the application of technology entails environmental benefits (e.g. a reduction in the generation of greenhouse gases) and social benefits (e.g. employment opportunities), which, given the conditions in the municipality studied, highlight the relevance of this technological option.
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Jin-Bai, Wang. "The “Policy-Projects Districts” Model of New Urban Area Development in China and Its Analysis." In Building Resilient Cities in China: The Nexus between Planning and Science. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14145-9_21.
Full textConference papers on the topic "NoE and NEXUS Projects"
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Gómez, Montserrat, M. Dolors Grau, and Jordi Cunill. "THE WATER-ENERGY NEXUS: APPLICATION IN TWO PROJECTS FROM EPSEM." In 17th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2024. https://doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2024.0999.
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Stillwell, Ashlynn S., and Michael E. Webber. "Feasibility of Wind Power for Brackish Groundwater Desalination: A Case Study of the Energy-Water Nexus in Texas." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90158.
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With dwindling water supplies and the impacts of climate change, many cities are turning to water sources previously considered unusable. One such source for inland cities is brackish groundwater. With prolonged drought throughout Texas, cities such as El Paso, Lubbock, and San Antonio are desalinating brackish groundwater to supplement existing water sources. Similar projects are under consideration elsewhere in Texas. While brackish groundwater contains fewer total dissolved solids than seawater, desalination of brackish groundwater is still an energy-intensive process. Brackish water desalination using reverse osmosis, the most common desalination membrane treatment process, consumes 20 to 40 times more energy than traditional surface water treatment using local water sources. This additional energy consumption leads to increased carbon emissions when using fossil fuel-generated electricity. As a result of concern over greenhouse gas emissions from additional energy consumption, some desalination plants are powered by wind-generated electricity. West Texas is a prime area for desalination of brackish groundwater using wind power, since both wind and brackish groundwater resources are abundant in the area. Most of the Texas Panhandle and Plains region has wind resource potential classified as Class 3 or higher. Additionally, brackish groundwater is found at depths less than 150 m in most of west Texas. This combination of wind and brackish groundwater resources presents opportunities for the production of alternative drinking water supplies without severe carbon emissions. Additionally, since membrane treatment is not required to operate continuously, desalination matches well with variable wind power. Implementing a brackish groundwater desalination project using wind-generated electricity requires economic feasibility, in addition to the geographic availability of the two resources. Using capital and operating cost data for wind turbines and desalination membranes, we conducted a thermoeconomic analysis for three parameters: 1) transmission and transport, 2) geographic proximity, and 3) aquifer volume. Our first parameter analyzes the cost effectiveness of tradeoffs between building infrastructure to transmit wind-generated electricity to the desalination facility versus pipelines to transport brackish groundwater to the wind turbines. Secondly, we estimate the maximum distance between the wind turbines and brackish groundwater at which desalination using wind power remains economically feasible. Finally, we estimate the minimum available brackish aquifer volume necessary to make such a project profitable. Our analysis illustrates a potential drinking water option for Texas (and other parts of the world with similar conditions) using renewable energy to treat previously unusable water. Harnessing these two resources in an economically efficient manner may help reduce future strain on the energy-water nexus.
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Bisello, Adriano, and Daniele Vettorato. "The latest generation of EU Smart city projects: turning "clean energy for all" into "clean benefits for all." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/rpab1969.
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The European Union is in the process of updating its energy policy and legislative framework under the motto “Clean Energy for All Europeans”. This will facilitate the low carbon energy transition, make it fit for the 21st century, and delivering the EU’s Paris Agreement commitments. Besides expected climate-energy benefits, the EU narrative is introducing new elements to persuade citizens and stakeholders to change their perspective, shifting the general perception from mitigation costs to development opportunities. For example, impact assessment of the new directives estimated that they would generate 900,000 jobs and an increase of up to 1% in EU GDP over the next decade. However, this is just one among several multiple benefits that could be gained thanks to the smart energy transition of cities and neighborhoods (e.g. increased value of refurbished properties, improved health and well-being, enhanced social cohesion, etc.) Starting from this premise, the ongoing research will analyses 12 ongoing EU smart cities and communities projects started between 2014 and 2017, in order to investigate their capability in using the multiple benefits as an effective communication tool, or even including them among the key performance indicators to be used in the assessment phase. In that respect, the Positive energy district concept that permeates the smart city approach of latest calls for funding provides, even more, an interesting nexus and testbed opportunity for EU ambitions. However, ongoing and future projects need to be understood not only as marketing devices for new energy efficient technologies but powerful tools requiring a radical change in management and planning of cities and urban life. In this way, positive energy districts including good habits and behaviors of urban citizens will provide equitable solutions and clear benefits for all.
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Clayton, Mary E., Ashlynn S. Stillwell, and Michael E. Webber. "Implementation of Brackish Groundwater Desalination Using Wind-Generated Electricity as a Proxy for Energy Storage: A Case Study of the Energy-Water Nexus in Texas." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62980.
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With a push toward renewable electricity generation, wind power has grown substantially in recent U.S. history and technologies continue to improve. However, the intermittency associated with wind-generated electricity without storage has limited the amounts sold on the grid. Furthermore, continental wind farms have a diurnal and seasonal variability that is mismatched with demand. To increase the broader use of wind power technologies, the development of systems that can operate intermittently during off-peak hours must be considered. Utilization of wind-generated electricity for desalination of brackish groundwater presents opportunities to increase use of a low-carbon energy source and supply alternative drinking water that is much needed in some areas. As existing water supplies dwindle and population grows, cities are looking for new water sources. Desalination of brackish groundwater provides one potential water source for inland cities. However, this process is energy-intensive, and therefore potentially incongruous with goals of reducing carbon emissions. Desalination using reverse osmosis is a high-value process that does not require continuous operation and therefore could utilize variable wind power. That is, performing desalination in an intermittent way to match wind supply can help mitigate the challenges of integrating wind into the grid while transforming a low-value product (brackish water and intermittent power) into a high-value product (treated drinking water). This option represents a potentially more economic form of mitigating wind variability than current electricity storage technologies. Also, clean energy and carbon policies under consideration by the U.S. Congress could help make this integration more economically feasible due to incentives for low-carbon energy sources. West Texas is well-suited for desalination of brackish groundwater using wind power, as both resources are abundant and co-located. Utility-scale wind resource potential is found in most of the region. Additionally, brackish groundwater is found at depths less than 150 m, making west Texas a useful geographic testbed to analyze for this work, with applicability for areas with similar climates and water supply scarcity. Implementation of a wind-powered desalination project requires both economic and geographic feasibility. Capital and operating cost data for wind turbines and desalination membranes were used to perform a thermoeconomic analysis to determine the economic feasibility. The availability of wind and brackish groundwater resources were modeled using geographic information systems tools to illustrate areas where implementation of a wind-powered desalination project is economically feasible. Areas with major populations were analyzed further in the context of existing and alternative water supplies. Utilization of wind-generated electricity for desalination presents a feasible alternative to energy storage methods. Efficiency, economics, and ease of development and operation of off-peak water treatment were compared to different energy storage technologies: pumped hydro, batteries, and compressed air energy storage. Further economics of compressed air energy storage and brackish groundwater desalination were examined with a levelized lifetime cost approach. Implementation of water desalination projects using wind-generated electricity might become essential in communities with wind and brackish groundwater resources that are facing water quality and quantity issues and as desires to implement low carbon energy sources increase. This analysis assesses the economic and geographic feasibility and tradeoffs of such projects for areas in Texas.
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Rast, Brian. "Nexus Projects in Kansas City's Suburban Watersheds." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)139.
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Straub, Craig A., and Allan M. Hale. "The Post-Rapanos Predicament: An Application of the Jurisdictional Determination Form." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64276.
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On June 5, 2007, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) issued joint guidance (herein the Rapanos Guidance) interpreting the U.S. Supreme Court’s divided Rapanos v. United States decision on the geographic extent of regulatory jurisdiction under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act. The technical document, “Jurisdictional Determination Form Instructional Guidebook” uses ambiguous language regarding implementation of the guidance manual. Pursuant to the Rapanos guidance, traditionally navigable waters (TNW), relatively permanent tributaries to these waters, and wetlands directly abutting such tributaries are “categorically” jurisdictional, while non-navigable tributaries that are not relatively permanent, wetlands adjacent to such tributaries, and wetlands that are adjacent to but do not directly abut a relatively permanent non-navigable tributary, are jurisdictional only if they have a “significant nexus” to a TNW. A critical issue for permit applications is whether the proposed activity will be subject to a categorical assertion of regulatory jurisdiction, or to a more involved “significant nexus analysis.” The scientific and environmental analyses of permit applications encountering a significant nexus analysis is designed to undergo additional review by the EPA. At the present time, the Guidance is deficient in providing definitive instruction for determining whether a significant nexus is present between a non-navigable tributary with non-permanent flow and a TNW. Our project allowed implementation of the Guidance and involved the installation of 264 miles of pipeline and permit negotiation with three separate Corps districts. Assessment of 483 streams and 189 wetlands was performed using the newly developed Jurisdictional Determination Forms. An interdisciplinary team approach was developed by integrating the knowledge bases of geographers and ecologists. Databases and maps were developed to allow collective assessment of potential waters of the U.S. within the context of the Rapanos ruling. Because of the Guidance’s ambiguity, it was necessary to develop a defensible approach with detailed concepts and terms to adequately implement the Jurisdictional Determination process to the satisfaction of regulators responsible for the implementation of the jurisdictional determination guidance manual.
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Thomas, Richard C., and Rebecca Mancy. "Use of large databases for group projects at the nexus of teaching and research." In the 9th annual SIGCSE conference. ACM Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1007996.1008039.
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Del Col, Nancy, Stephanie McBride, Kouame Aime, Togola Diakaridia M’pai, Martin Diarra, and Honoré Kabamba. "IMAGINE Mali Girls’ Education Project: The Importance of Place and Space Inquiry to Inform Education Programming in a Conflict-Affected Context." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.8891.
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IMAGINE contributes to the Canadian government's commitment to quality education for girls by improving their rights to inclusive, gender-transformative, quality education in two conflict-affected regions in Mali. Since 2020, this humanitarian-development/nexus project funded by Global Affairs Canada and implemented by a consortium of NGOs, has been affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, school closures due to the security situation, teacher strikes and coups, while public schools, once safe learning spaces, have experienced attacks by armed groups. // This paper shares lessons learned and challenges from IMAGINE, exploring the theme and sub-theme of Building Resilience and Education for Girls and the socio-political potential of education as a peacebuilding agent. Geographic Place and Space Theory establishes that place is an integral and inescapable aspect of community and individual life experiences. Butler and Sinclair (2020) argue that “place inquiry and spatial methodologies can strengthen the potential of education research by advancing our knowledge of the nature of and potential solutions to educational injustice.” We ask: How can education projects in the humanitarian-development/nexus space leverage geographic place and space inquiry to improve approaches to equitable educational access, particularly for girls? // As a gender-transformative education project, IMAGINE will contribute findings to this under-conceptualized space in education research.
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Schnugg, Claudia, Daniela Brill, and Christian Stary. "Towards Sensemaking in the Meshwork of Technology, Ecology and Society: Symbiosis of Aesthetics, Performance and Digitalization." In 28th International Symposium on Electronic Art. Ecole des arts decoratifs - PSL, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69564/isea2023-84-full-schnugg-et-al-meshwork-of-technology.
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To act, humans first need to make sense of the world. Thereby, sensemaking goes beyond accumulation of pure information of objects or rational knowledge production, but it encompasses additional information such as meaning, mindful engagement, socially embedded knowledge, cultural and work contexts. To navigate in diverse environments, sensemaking becomes central to social settings, also to engage with technologies and understand dynamics in ecological environments. In a complex world where technologies are added components of everyday life and are envisioned as partial means to approach global challenges, social, technological, and ecological environments become intertwined. This meshwork of environments also means to bring together different kinds of knowledge as a base of sensemaking through experience. In the Digital Sensemaking project we specifically look at digitization processes, the interaction with IoT Elements and Digital Twins through the lens of performance art to elaborate on the non- cognitive core constituents of sensemaking processes: embodiment, action-sense nexus, and temporality. We show that aesthetics can be found as an important dimension to bridge the cognitive and non-cognitive process and explore the role of art in this kind of research. It facilitates process and technological development in organizations entangling the social, technological, and ecological.
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Rojas, Michael J., and John P. Vrsalovich. "Exploring the Water/Energy Nexus: Developing a Unified Approach to Water and Energy Issues in California." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64855.
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Metropolitan Water District (Metropolitan) is a public agency charged with providing its service area with adequate and sufficient supplies of high quality water. Metropolitan was incorporated in 1928 by an Act of the California Legislature to serve its 13 original founding Member Agencies. Today, Metropolitan provides water to 26 cities and water agencies serving more than 19 million people in six counties in Southern California. On average Metropolitan delivers 1.7 billion gallons of water per day. California, the third-largest state in the U.S. by land area, has a diverse geography including foggy coastal areas, alpine mountain ranges, hot and arid deserts, and a fertile central valley. California is also the most populous state, exceeding 37 million people in 2010. California’s large population drives the interlinked demands for water and energy in the state. The water-energy nexus in California is highlighted by the fact that two-thirds of the population resides in Southern California while two-thirds of the state’s precipitation occurs in Northern California. Separating Southern California from the rest of the state is a series of east-west trending mountain ranges. Water conveyance projects have been constructed to address this north-south water imbalance and to also import supplies from the Colorado River, hundreds of miles east of Southern California population centers. The movement of water on this scale requires significant energy resources. The California Energy Commission (CEC) estimates that water-related energy use consumes 19% of the state’s electricity and 30% of its natural gas usage every year, and demand is growing. Energy management is a critical concern to Metropolitan and other California water agencies. These issues drive water and energy leaders to jointly manage energy and water use to ensure long-term mutual benefits.
Reports on the topic "NoE and NEXUS Projects"
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Moore, Kirsten, and Debbie Rogow. Family planning and reproductive health: Briefing sheets for a gender analysis. Population Council, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1994.1011.
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This series of briefing sheets, developed by the Population Council, represents a starting point for the application of gender to the family planning (FP) and reproductive health (RH) arena. The information covers five key areas of RH: gender-based abuse, FP and gender issues among adolescents, sexuality and FP, men’s and women’s social and economic responsibilities for childrearing, and the complicated nexus between gender and FP/RH. In so doing, it provides a strong foundation for gender training. This concept was first developed to fulfill a need for gender training within the regional Operations Research/Technical Assistance Projects. To date, two such workshops have been funded by USAID. These activities not only reflect a clear commitment by USAID to the inclusion of gender in all aspects of programmatic planning and implementation but also to the empowerment of women in every phase of the development process. This tool will help guide program planners and policymakers toward making gender equity in FP and RH programs a reality for both women and men.
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Sabatino, Ester, Gustavo Müller, and Gustavo Ramírez Buchheister. The EU’s Approach to Nexus Issues in Conflict Prevention, Mediation and Resolution: Climate, Development and Gender. EsadeGeo. Center for Global Economy and Geopolitics, 2023. https://doi.org/10.56269/202310es.
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This working paper conducts an in-depth analysis of the European Union's (EU) approach to nexus issues in conflict prevention, mediation, and resolution. In the realm of gender and conflict, it emphasises the EU's commitment to mainstreaming gender in its peacebuilding efforts in Guatemala. The EU aims to tackle gender-based violence and enhance women's political and economic participation. Despite its clear objectives, there is a level of ambiguity regarding the alignment of these actions with transformative gender principles, particularly regarding indigenous and rural communities in Latin America. With the case of Serbia, the paper delves into the EU's strategy concerning the security-development nexus. The Union employs the Instrument for Pre-Accession Assistance to fund development projects that align with its priorities for the Western Balkans. However, challenges arise due to Serbia's financial constraints and administrative capacity. Meanwhile, the Arctic, characterised by its fragile environment and geopolitical significance, presents the EU with intricate challenges in the face of climate change. Past disputes over jurisdictional issues exemplify the complexities the EU encounters in the region. Yet, the EU's efforts to fortify its Arctic presence signal its commitment to the region with a fast- changing geopolitical landscape. Throughout these analyses, China's growing global presence surfaces as a recurrent theme. In the Arctic, China's growing interests pose challenges to regional governance and sustainability. In Serbia, Chinese investments, though beneficial in infrastructure development, raise sustainability and debt concerns. In Central America, China's economic and geopolitical engagements contrast with the EU's emphasis on human rights, democratic governance, and gender mainstreaming. The paper concludes by highlighting the multifaceted nature of the EU's approach to these nexus issues, stressing the need for coherence across various EU instruments and adaptation to local realities in partner countries and regions. In addition, it underscores the significance of aligning the EU's strategies towards individual countries with broader regional approaches.
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Abdullah, Hannah, Karim Elgendy, and Hanne Knaepen. Climate Resilience in Cities of the EU’s Southern Neighbourhood: Opportunities for the EU Green Deal. The Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc016.
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Cities in the Middle East and North Africa are already suffering the effects of climate change. Weak urban regulation, ineffective climate policies, limited decentralization and insufficient empowerment of local authorities and civil society further decrease urban resilience. Future climate scenarios and projected urban growth threaten the stability of the region; with potential negative knock-on effects on Europe. This CASCADES Spotlight Study examines climate vulnerabilities in urban areas in countries to the south of the EU and the wider Middle East and North Africa region and advocates for systemic approaches to addressing urban climate resilience by strengthening the water-energy-food nexus, as well as other enabling factors such as decentralization. It concludes with recommendations on how the European Green Deal can help cities in the region adapt to climate impacts, based on a water-energy-food nexus approach. Over the past two decades, the European Commission has stepped up its support for urban climate action and resilience. An increasing number of programmes financed under the European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) South have addressed urban climate resilience in response to the region’s rapid urbanization and the high climate vulnerability of cities. The number of urban dwellers in the wider Middle East and North Africa region is estimated to reach 527 million in 2050, an increase of 72% compared to 2020. At the same time, climate impacts – including both slow onset changes and sudden disasters – are putting additional stress on urban infrastructure. This stress is aggravated by weak urban regulations that have created unsustainable development trends which undermine the potential benefits of urbanization and adversely affect urban climate resilience. The prevalence of highly centralized administrative systems and incomplete decentralization reforms hamper local capacity building and decision-making, which are prerequisites for effective adaptation and resilience. At the same time, climate impacts – including both slow onset changes and sudden disasters – are putting additional stress on urban infrastructure. This stress is aggravated by weak urban regulations that have created unsustainable development trends which undermine the potential benefits of urbanization and adversely affect urban climate resilience. The prevalence of highly centralized administrative systems and incomplete decentralization reforms hamper local capacity building and decision-making, which are prerequisites for effective adaptation and resilience. The convergence of the region’s harsh climatic conditions with rapid, unsustainable urbanization and the associated socio-economic burdens can exacerbate existing political instability, conflict-induced migration and poverty. These developments could cascade into the EU, altering security, trade and diplomatic relations with the Southern Neighbourhood. The EU’s evolving approach to working with local authorities on urban infrastructure and climate governance is a first step towards addressing the region’s intertwined urban and climate crises. However, this approach is still in the early stages and there is a need to reflect on lessons learned and how urban spaces, climates and governance are evolving in the region. This study suggests that the EU’s overwhelming focus on supporting cities in the region with energy efficiency and the transition to sustainable energy systems is not enough to strengthen urban climate resilience. In cities of the Southern Neighbourhood, which typically struggle with resource management and scarcity, climate resilience will increasingly depend on local capacities to formulate and implement nexus approaches, especially in the water, energy and food sectors. Based on case studies of three small and intermediary urban areas, the study advocates for a systemic approach to addressing urban climate resilience in Southern Neighbourhood cities. Considering the established effectiveness of applying a water-energy-food nexus approach to improving climate resilience, the paper stresses the need for local governments to explore nexus opportunities between the water, energy and food sectors in order to achieve resilient and sustainable urbanism, while also highlighting other enabling factors such as decentralization. It concludes by exploring how future external action around the European Green Deal and its ambitions for systemic transformation could benefit from stepping up cooperation with cities in the Southern Neighbourhood around the water-energy-food nexus.
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Obringer, Renee, Rohini Kumar, and Kaveh Madani. Harnessing the Power of AI for Climate Change Impact Assessment. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health (UNU INWEH), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/inr24ror012.
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Climate change impact assessment is critical for creating adequate climate change mitigation and adaptation policies and plans. Critical infrastructure systems (e.g., water and energy systems) are particularly at risk for climate change impacts. In fact, a better understanding of climate change impacts on the water and energy systems would facilitate the fulfillment of SDG2 (end hunger), SDG 6 (clean water and sanitation), SDG 7 (affordable and clean energy), SDG 11 (sustainable cities and communities), and SDG 13 (climate action), with many indirect benefits across many other areas. Nonetheless, conducting climate change impact assessment, particularly at the community-level, is not an easy task. Often, the impact assessment models require access to substantial computational resources to run the complex models, as well as the expertise to work with those models and interpret their results, which may not be possible for all communities. As such, there is a need to expand climate change impact assessment to include more accessible models that can handle high-resolution, local data that is of interest to communities. Here, we highlight how climate impact assessment studies can benefit from the power of artificial intelligence (AI). The report details the use of AI model to conduct a computationally efficient climate change impact assessment. This model is applied to a case study across the United States of America (U.S.) as an example to showcase the insights it generates in real-world applications. To demonstrate this process, the study will focus on the impacts on coupled water and electricity demand (e.g., the water-electricity demand nexus). To conduct the impact assessment, the report demonstrates two different means of collecting future climate data—Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) Earth System Models (ESMs) and contemporary climate analogs. Our results show significant increases across the Midwestern U.S. when using ESM-derived data. Similar results were found through the climate analog-derived data, suggesting that the analogs can be used successfully as proxies for traditional ESM data in communities that might not have access to the larger CMIP suite of models. Understanding the impacts of climate change on critical infrastructure is important for building sustainable and equitable policies for climate change mitigation and adaptation. These infrastructure systems are often interconnected (e.g., the water-energy nexus) and managed by local entities. Thus, while climate change is a global problem requiring cooperation across countries and sectors, many solutions require local action. In this sense, the results presented here can be used to deepen our scientific understanding of climate change impacts on the water-energy nexus, as well as develop novel methodologies that integrate AI with traditional climate change impact assessment to better prepare local communities for the future.
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Wolfmaier, Susanne, Adrian Foong, and Christian König. Climate, conflict and COVID-19: How does the pandemic affect EU policies on climate-fragility? Adelphi research gemeinnützige GmbH, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc018.
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The links between climate change and conflict have been well-documented in recent observations and academic literature: far from being causally direct, these links often depend on specific conditions and occur through certain pathways (Koubi, 2019). For example, conflicts have been found to be more likely in areas with poor access to infrastructure and facilities (Detges, 2016), or where government distrust and political bias are prevalent (Detges, 2017). As such, climate change has often been described as a ‘threat multiplier’, making it imperative for security and development actors to consider these fragility risks collectively in their policies and strategies. In addition to the expected impacts of climate change on the European Union (EU), such as increasing temperatures, extreme weather events or rising sea levels, climate change also has “direct and indirect international security impacts” for the EU’s foreign- and security policy (Council of the European Union, 2016). These affect for example migration, food security, access to resources and socio-economic factors that possibly contribute to disruptions (ibid.). The resulting fragility may affect the EU by contributing to changes in geopolitical power dynamics, whilst at the same time needs for support in neighbouring and partner countries could increase (Brown, Le More & Raasteen, 2020). The EU has increasingly acknowledged climate-fragility risks over the last years, as is evident from several key foreign policy strategies, agreements, and decisions. The European Green Deal, for example, aims to cushion climate and environmental impacts that may exacerbate instability (European Commission, 2019). At the regional level, individual policies underline the links between climate impacts and security in partner regions, such as for the Sahel (Council of the European Union, 2021a) and the Neighbourhood (EEAS, 2021a), stressing the importance in tackling those risks. To that end, the EU has been at the forefront in providing multilateral support for its partner regions, through its various instruments related to climate, environment, development, and security. According to official EU sources, EU funding for official development assistance (ODA) rose by 15% in nominal terms from 2019 to €66.8 billion in 2020 (European Commission, 2021a). Furthermore, the share dedicated to climate action is also growing: the EU initiative Global Climate Change Alliance Plus (GCCA+) received an additional €102.5 million for the period 2014-2020 compared to the previous phase 2004- 2014 (European Commission, n.d.). Looking ahead, the EU’s recently approved Multiannual Financial Framework for 2021-2027 is set to provide €110.6 billion in funding for external action and pre-accession assistance to its Neighbourhood and rest of the world (European Commission, 2021b). Despite the increased recognition of climate-related fragility risks in EU policies and the funding committed to climate action and international development, implementation of concrete measures to address these risks are lagging behind, with only a handful of EUfunded projects addressing climate-fragility risks (Brown, Le More & Raasteen, 2020). Compounding these challenges is the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite the current vaccine rollout worldwide, and with some countries seeing a potential end to the health crisis, the pandemic has taken – and continues to take – its toll in many parts of the world. The unprecedented nature of COVID-19 could ultimately make it more difficult for the EU to address the impacts of climate change on fragility and security in its partner regions. In other words: How does the pandemic affect the EU’s ability to address climate-fragility risks in its neighbourhood? To answer this question, this paper will explore the implications of COVID-19 on relevant EU policies and strategies that address the climate security nexus, focusing on three regions: the Sahel, North Africa, and Western Balkans. These regions were chosen for geographical representativeness (i.e., being the EU’s southern and eastern neighbouring regions), as well as being priority regions for EU external action, and, in the case of the Western Balkans, for EU accession.1 The remainder of the paper is structured as follows: Section 2 outlines, in general terms, the impacts of the pandemic on the political priorities and ability of the EU to address climate-fragility risks. Section 3 explores, for each focus region, how the pandemic affects key objectives of EU policies aiming at reducing climate-fragility risks in that region. Section 4 provides several recommendations on how the EU can better address the interlinking risks associated with climate-fragility and COVID-19.
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Study of the Impacts of Climate Change on the Women and Men in the Caribbean: Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002937.
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This report aims to provide an overview of the gender and climate resilience nexus in the Caribbean and provide gender-inclusive recommendations for climate resilience programmes in the region. This report has been developed within the context of the Caribbean Pilot Programme for Climate Resilience (PPCR) to support gender mainstreaming into the regional and national programme activities. Specifically, the report seeks to: Understand how men and women participate in climate resilience programmes and how gender inequalities are exacerbated by climate change impacts in the sectors covered by the PPCR. Identify institutional arrangements and good practices for integrating gender equality concerns in Caribbean climate resilience programmes. The audience for this report is PPCR stakeholders (e.g. executing agencies, implementing partners, Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) country office teams) and project teams in the Caribbean seeking to mainstream gender into climate resilience projects in the future.