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Shoegima, Thiago França. "Poluição sonora urbana: estudo de caso da subprefeitura de Pinheiros/SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-09032016-145105/.
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Esse trabalho apresenta uma análise de dados dos níveis de ruído referentes à Subprefeitura de Pinheiros/SP. Foram feitas medições em quarenta pontos, divididas em três fases que puderam ser comparadas com os limites estabelecidos pela lei de zoneamento. Nos processos de levantamentos de dados elaboramos mapas que serviram de suporte tanto em decisões como posteriormente na análise/comparação destes em relação aos limites sonoros estabelecidos. Na primeira fase observou-se uma grande quantidade de pontos com valores acima de 15 dB em relação aos limites estabelecidos. Nas fases seguintes houve uma diminuição, quando comparadas a primeira. Assim obtivemos um panorama dos níveis de ruído da área de estudo e sua situação em relação à lei de zoneamento urbano da cidade de São Paulo.This paper presents an analysis of data concerning the noise levels referring to Pinheiros Subprefecture (in São Paulo city). Measurements made in forty spots, divided in three steps that could be compared with the limits established by zoning law. In procedures for survey data were prepared maps that served as pillar in decisions as well as later in analysis/comparison of these in relation to the noise limits established. In the first phase there were large numbers of points with values above 15 dB above the limits. In later stages there was an improvement compared with the measurements of the first phase. So we got a picture of the noise levels of the study area and its situation in relation to the urban zoning law of São Paulo city.
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Von, Holdt Diana (Diana Sheila). "GIS mapping and analysis of aircraft noise at Cape Town International Airport." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53441.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The noise produced by aircraft during operations around airports represents a senous social, technical, economic and environmental problem which is only going to get worse as air traffic volumes increase. Rapid urbanisation, development encroachment and poor planning in the past have resulted in noisy airport runways being situated too close to residents' living space. Rapid industrial growth and lack of funding exacerbate noise problems in developing countries. Moreover, developing countries and especially South Africa tend to have moderate climates and open-window living, which makes insulation an ineffective solution to the noise problem. This study aims at employing GIS to establish the potential noise exposure of various sensitive land use categories and population groups in the noise-controlled area at Cape Town International Airport. Firstly, options for the demarcation of a noise-controlled area were evaluated. Thereafter, incompatible land uses and priority areas for land use compatibility projects were identified and recommendations made for urban renewal projects for these areas. Lastly, the noise-exposed population were profiled according to vulnerability characteristics and vulnerable groups identified and located. A recommendation was made that Cape Town International Airport set up an interactive map-based website to disseminate information to the public about noise and any other important issues concerning the airport. An Internet GIS application would empower citizens by providing them with a dynamic and interactive tool for improved public participation and a better understanding of the potential environmental and socio-economic effects of the airport. Noise complaints could also be investigated through the website and prompt feedback given to the communities complaining about aircraft noise. At the local community level where people are being annoyed every day and night resulting in negative health effects, the problem of aircraft noise demands urgent attention, and measures should be put in place to reduce vulnerability to noise and improve the overall quality of life of noiseweary residents. Keywords: aircraft noise, noise mapping, noise-controlled area, noise contours, land use compatibility, noise exposure
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die geraas veroorsaak deur vliegtuie by lughawens bied ernstige sosiale, tegniese, ekonomiese en omgewingsprobleme, wat net erger gaan raak namate vlugverkeer toeneem. Snelle verstedeliking, ontwikkelings-oorskryding en swak beplanning in die verlede het veroorsaak dat raserige aanloopbane te nabyaan mense se leefruimte gebou is. Vinnige industriële groei en 'n tekort aan befondsing vererger geraasprobleme in ontwikkelende lande. Bowendien het ontwikkelende lande, en veral Suid Afrika, 'n matige klimaat en oop-venster-leefwyse wat isolering 'n oneffektiewe oplossing maak vir die geraasprobleem. Hierdie studie het ten doelom GIS te gebruik om die potensiële geraas blootstelling van sensitiewe grondgebruike en bevolkingsgroepe in die geraas-kontrole area by Kaapstad Internasionale Lughawe vas te stel. Eerstens is opsies vir die afbakening van die geraas-kontrole area geëvalueer. Daaropvolgend IS onversoenbare grondgebruike en prioriteitsareas VIr grondgebruikversoeningsprojekte geïdentifiseer en aanbevelings gemaak vir stedelike vernuwingsprojekte vir hierdie areas. Laastens is 'n profiel daargestel van die geraas-blootgestelde bevolkings volgens kwesbaarheidskenmerke en kwesbare groepe is geïdentifiseer en hulligging aangedui. 'n Voorstel is gemaak dat Kaapstad Internasionale Lughawe 'n interaktiewe kaart-gebaseerde webwerf in werking moet stelom inligting oor geraas- en ander belangrike probleme in verband met die lughawe beskikbaar te stel vir die publiek en ander belanghebbendes. 'n Internet-GIS toepassing sal mense bemagtig deur hulle te voorsien van 'n dinamiese en interaktiewe meganisme wat sal lei tot beter gemeenskapsdeelname en ook 'n beter begrip van die potensiële omgewings- en sosio-ekonomiese uitwerking van die lughawe. Klagte oor geraas kan ook deur die webwerf hanteer en ondersoek word, en verder hulp verleen word deur vinnige terugvoering aan die gemeenskap wat die klagtes gelê het. Op plaaslike gemeenskapsvlak, waar mense elke dag en nag geïrriteerd raak en waar dit dan kan lei tot negatiewe gesondheidsinvloed, sal die probleem van vliegtuiggeraas dringend aangespreek moet word, en stappe geneem word ten einde kwesbaarheid van inwoners teenoor vliegtuiggeraas te verminder. Dit sal dan lei tot die algehele verbetering van die lewensgehalte van geraas-moeë Inwoners. Sleutelwoorde: vliegtuiggeraas, geraaskartering. geraas-kontrole area, geraaskontoere, grondgebruik versoenbaarheid, geraas blootstelling
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Pinto, D?bora Nogueira. "Mapeamento ac?stico como ferramenta para predi??o de ru?do urbano na ?rea de influ?ncia do est?dio Arena das Dunas, Natal/ RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2013. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/12393.
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The Noise Pollution causes degradation in the quality of the environment and presents itself as one of the most common environmental problems in the big cities. An Urban environment present scenario and their complex acoustic study need to consider the contribution of various noise sources. Accordingly to computational models through mapping and prediction of acoustic scene become important, because they enable the realization of calculations, analyzes and reports, allowing the interpretation of satisfactory results. The study neighborhood is the neighborhood of Lagoa Nova, a central area of the city of Natal, which will undergo major changes in urban space due to urban mobility projects planned for the area around the stadium and the consequent changes of urban form and traffic. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the noise impact caused by road and morphological changes around the stadium Arena das Dunas in the neighborhood of Lagoa Nova, through on-site measurements and mapping using the computational model SoundPLAN year 2012 and the scenario evolution acoustic for the year 2017. For this analysis was the construction of the first acoustic mapping based on current diagnostic acoustic neighborhood, physical mapping, classified vehicle count and measurement of sound pressure level, and to build the prediction of noise were observed for the area study the modifications provided for traffic, urban form and mobility work. In this study, it is concluded that the sound pressure levels of the year in 2012 and 2017 extrapolate current legislation. For the prediction of noise were numerous changes in the acoustic scene, in which the works of urban mobility provided will improve traffic flow, thus reduce the sound pressure level where interventions are expected
A Polui??o Sonora provoca degrada??o na qualidade do meio ambiente e se apresenta como um dos mais frequentes problemas ambientais nas grandes cidades. Os ambientes urbanos possuem cen?rios ac?sticos complexos e seus estudos precisam considerar a contribui??o de fontes sonoras diversas. Nesse sentido, os modelos computacionais, por meio do mapeamento e predi??o do cen?rio ac?stico, se tornam importantes, uma vez que possibilitam a realiza??o de c?lculos, de an?lises e de relat?rios que permitem a interpreta??o de resultados satisfat?rios. O bairro de estudo ? o bairro de Lagoa Nova, ?rea central da cidade do Natal, o qual passar? por grandes mudan?as no espa?o urbano devido ?s obras de mobilidade urbana previstas para o entorno do est?dio Arena das Dunas em decorr?ncia da Copa de 2014 e as consequentes mudan?as da forma urbana e no tr?fego. Dessa forma, este trabalho objetiva avaliar o impacto sonoro provocado pelas altera??es vi?rias e morfol?gicas no entorno deste est?dio no bairro de Lagoa Nova em Natal, a partir de medi??es in loco e do mapeamento com a utiliza??o do modelo computacional SoundPLAN no ano 2012 e a evolu??o do cen?rio ac?stico para 2017. Para tal an?lise, realizou-se, primeiramente, a constru??o do mapeamento ac?stico atual com base no diagn?stico ac?stico do bairro, mapeamento f?sico, contagem classificada dos ve?culos e medi??o do n?vel de press?o sonora; e para se construir a predi??o de ru?do, observou-se, para a ?rea de estudo, as modifica??es previstas para o tr?fego, forma urbana e obras de mobilidade. Conclui-se que os n?veis de press?o sonora do ano 2012 e para 2017 extrapolam, em parte, a legisla??o vigente. Para a predi??o do ru?do foram verificadas v?rias modifica??es no cen?rio ac?stico, no qual as obras de mobilidade urbana previstas melhorar?o o fluxo do tr?fego, consequentemente, reduzir?o o n?vel de press?o sonora onde est?o previstas as interven??es
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Ventura, Raphaël. "Estimation de la pollution sonore en milieu urbain par assimilation d'observations mobiles." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS387.
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La pollution sonore en milieu urbain est un enjeu sanitaire important, et l'exposition des populations doit être estimée adéquatement. Les simulations qui permettent de générer les cartes de bruit employées à cet effet sont cependant entachées d'erreurs. L'observation de l'environnement est alors judicieuse car elle permet la récolte d'informations supplémentaires en différents points de l'espace et à différents instants. Nous proposons dans cette thèse des méthodes d'assimilation de données permettant la fusion d'une carte de bruit issue de la simulation (ébauche), et d'observations acquises via l'application mobile Ambiciti. La fiabilité des observations est évaluée dans différents contextes, et nous mettons en place une méthode d'étalonnage qui permet de réduire autant que possible le biais de mesure. La combinaison de l'ébauche et des observations résulte en un estimateur nommé analyse, dont la variance de l'erreur est minimisée grâce à une estimation préalable des erreurs suivantes : corrélations spatiales des erreurs d'ébauche; erreurs d'instrumentation, de représentativité temporelle et spatiale pour l'observation. Une méthode d'assimilation à l'échelle du quartier est développée afin de générer des cartes horaires à partir d'une carte d'ébauche de bruit moyen sur une période de la journée, et d'observations acquises par un expérimentateur à travers Ambiciti. Une seconde méthode exploite l'ensemble des données partagées anonymement par les utilisateurs d'Ambiciti. Cet ensemble est filtré et classifié, et la précédente méthode est adaptée afin de produire des cartes de bruit d'analyse à l'échelle de la villeNoise pollution is a major environmental health problems, and the determination of populations exposure is needed. This can be done through noise mapping. Usually, maps are simulation-based, and subject to high uncertainties. Observational data is distributed in space and time and hence conveys information that is complementary to simulation data. In this thesis, we propose data assimilation methods that allow one to merge prior noise maps issued by numerical simulation with phone-acquired (via the Ambiciti app) noise observations. We run a performance analysis that addresses the range, accuracy, precision and reproducibility of measurements. Conclusions of this evaluation lead us to the proposition of a calibration strategy that has been embedded in Ambiciti. The result of the prior map and observations merging is called an analysis, and is designed to have minimum error variance, based on the respective uncertainties of both data sources that we evaluated: spatial correlations for the prior error; measurement errors, time and location representativeness for the observations. We address the estimation problem on two different scales. The first method relies on the so-called ``best linear unbiased estimator''. It produces hourly noise maps, based on temporally averaged simulation maps and mobile phone audio data recorded at the neighborhood scale. The second method leverages the crowd-sensed Ambiciti user data available throughout the covered city. The observations set must be filtered and pre-processed, in order to only select the ones that were generated in adequate conditions. The prior simulation map is then corrected in a global fashion
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Gratjios, George A. "Airport noise pollution legal aspects." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59857.
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This dissertation broadly explores the problems of aircraft noise in the vicinity of major airports.Part 1 defines the technical terms of noise and sonic boom and discusses their harmful effects on airport neighbours and their environment.
Part 2 reviews international legal regulations, commencing with the conference convened by the British Government in 1966, and ending with the ICAO Council proposals to be addressed at the 28th (Extraordinary) Session of the Assembly, in October 1990. Further, ICAO efforts in balancing the conflicting interests between developed and developing countries is highlighted, and the legal status of Annex 16 on Environmental Protection is discussed in some detail.
Part 3 examines national legislation relating to aircraft noise with an emphasis on the approach of the United States.
Part 4 canvasses liability issues through an analysis of the jurisprudence in various countries with a concentration on litigation in the United States. Of particular relevance is the applicability of the 1952 Rome Convention with respect to damages caused by noise and sonic boom.
Part 5 examines and evaluates proposed and already implemented solutions to the airport noise problem.
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Chau, Pak-lam. "Evaluation on the effectiveness of noise barriers for road traffic noise mitigation /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20038173.
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Miksis-Olds, Jennifer L. "Manatee response to environmental noise /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2006. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3225323.
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Pettit, Michael D. "A compreshensive review of the hearing conservation program at XYZ Company." Online version, 2009. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2009/2009pettitm.pdf.
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Nchemanyi, John Ngeh. "Community perceptions on noise pollution generated by aircraft in Cape Town." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/781.
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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2006Airport operations have become a major source of concern due to aircraft nOIse, particularly in areas close to airports and aircraft flight tracks. Public opposition to aircraft noise is a threat to the continued growth of civil aviation in South Africa. This study investigated the psychological effects of aircraft noise on residents and school activities at a neighbourhood close to the airport, particularly the area located under the flight tracks or adjacent to the landing and departure pattern of aircraft. Bishop Lavis was chosen as the experimental area and Kensington, about 17km away from the airport, was chosen as a control area. Questionnaires coupled with oral interviews and observations were used to gather information. The findings are focused on annoyance and disturbance. The study revealed that noise exposure caused annoyance, activity disturbance and some mild effects on school results, when compared with the control area. Disturbances were experienced in some activities that need concentration. Aircraft noise also caused communication interference, sleep deprivation and affected the teaching process. The community at the experimental area indicated some non-acoustical effects, such as fear of aircraft crashing over their homes but they indicated no willingness to leave the area. As such, it becomes essential when locating and designing airports to optimise flight paths in a way to reduce noise exposure to nearby communities. Recommendations for mitigation of noise exposure are proposed, which include operational procedure, banning chapter I and 2 aircraft, restricting night flights, proper land use planning and enforcing international environmental regulations.
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Chau, Pak-lam, and 周栢林. "Evaluation on the effectiveness of noise barriers for road traffic noise mitigation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253970.
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Buret, Marc. "New analytical models for outdoor moving sources of sound." Thesis, n.p, 2002. http://library7.open.ac.uk/abstracts/page.php?thesisid=64.
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Loon, Astrid. "The economic and social implications of implementing noise pollution controls at Amsterdam International Airport, Schiphol /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16684.pdf.
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El-Bardisi, Mansour Mohamed Mansour. "Reduction of wind turbine noise through design." Thesis, City University London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332781.
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Patel, Lopa. "Noise Pollution/Reduction Education for Frontline Staff in the Acute Care Setting." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6942.
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Noise levels in hospital settings have risen beyond the recommended range of 35-40 decibels, resulting in poor patient healing outcomes and other health conditions ranging from sleep deprivation, anxiety, agitation, delirium, depression, and high heart rate and blood pressure. These negative patient health experiences are evidenced by poor scores for the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems, which are indicators of patients' perceptions of care. This project explored whether an educational activity for 48 direct care staff, who include registered nurses and nursing assistants, in a cardiac unit on the impact of noise pollution on patient healing would increase staff members' knowledge of interventions to reduce noise pollution. The information processing theory guided this project. Eighty-nine percent of the participants strongly agreed that the educational activity was relevant to their practice as health care providers on the cardiac monitored unit. All participants strongly agreed that they would be able to identify when the unit was noisy and when noise was impacting a patient both physiologically and psychologically. Participants indicated that they could implement the suggested behavioral modifications to promote a healing environment. Participants strongly agreed that the speaker was effective in communicating the importance of noise pollution and its impact on patient healing and ways in which to combat the problem (89%), and they were generally satisfied with the learning activity (91%). Reducing noise pollution might create a healing environment for cardiac patients, thus positively impacting patient satisfaction and well-being.
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Ambreen, Iqbal. "Impact of traffic noise pollution on the environment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31261188.
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McLaughlin, Kirsty Elizabeth. "The effect of underwater noise pollution on fish." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.695677.
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Anthropogenic noise is a global pollutant, present in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Due to high species diversity and the characteristics of sound propagation in water, noise pollution in aquatic environments may be more detrimental than in terrestrial environments. Underwater noise affects the behaviour of mammals, fish and invertebrates, with changes to communicative and spatial behaviour among those frequently reported. However, relatively little work examining the effect of underwater noise on reproductive behaviour has been completed. Reproduction is essential for the proliferation of life. Therefore, investigating how anthropogenic noise may affect it is important. I used the biparental species, Amatitlania nigrofasciata, as a model system to study the effect of underwater noise pollution on multiple stages of reproduction. Using playback experiments, I firstly tested the effect of short-term noise on behaviour and then examined the effect of longer-term noise on: (1) pairing behaviour, (2) nest-site selection, (3) parental defence, (4) parental care and (5) reproductive success. I found that both short-term and long-term noise affected behaviour and that behaviour was affected throughout the reproductive cycle. I also established noise as a proximate factor influencing nest-site selection and provide evidence for multiple mechanisms through which noise could affect behaviour. However, behavioural changes in response to noise did not translate into negative consequences for reproductive success. Noise increased parental investment, by increasing parental defence and brood provisioning behaviour. This could reduce the resources parents can invest in subsequent broods. Therefore, noise may affect the reproductive success of future breeding attempts. My findings provide novel insight into how changes to the acoustic environment affect reproductive behaviour.
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Mijouin, Lola. "Invisible Aesthetics of Noise." Thesis, Konstfack, Industridesign, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:konstfack:diva-6856.
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Sound in our human world is broken down into two general types : desirable and undesirable. Unwanted sounds in our lives, that we also call “noises”, induce diverse kinds of physical and psychological reactions, many of them unhealthy. As humans living in the Anthropocene, we bring noise with us everywhere we go, creating soundscapes of random sources that we either enjoy or find annoying, while masking more aesthetically resonant sounds. As our modern society is moving faster, the urban soundscape becoming noisier, and our attention taken by technology, we forget to pay attention to our surrounding world. By questioning noise and collaborating with it, this present work aims to give other qualities, sonorities and colors to sound, to change our perception of noise pollution within an urban acoustic context. How does our perception of noise impact our behaviors ? Our social and spatial interactions and our attention towards our surrounding environment ? Could we find oher qualities that used to be invisible if we would approach the world with our sense of hearing ?
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Ma, Ki-tin. "A review of the implementation of the noise control ordinance in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1745783X.
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Beghelli, Silvia. "Health effects of noise and air pollution : empirical investigations." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/health-effects-of-noise-and-air-pollution(edfd9ba5-4378-49b3-8cd1-3d8b190c5faa).html.
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The assessment of the relationship between pollution emissions and health has direct economic implications. Health status is an important factor influencing worker productivity, and hence economic growth, as well as impacting on individual well- being. We implement various strategies to disentangle the relationship between short-term noise and air pollution exposure and health. In two studies we look at airports, which are sources of both environmental stressors. In the first study we use an administrative dataset on all hospitalisations in England, the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES). We compare hospital visits between people living within certain noise levels near airports to people living further away. In the second study we focus on prescription drugs in regions around London Heathrow airport. This study exploits a trial performed over five months at Heathrow airport that redirected approaching aircraft to reduce early morning noise in designated areas. A third study implements an instrumental variable approach, where the endogenous variable of daily levels of air pollution is instrumented with daily indicators of wind direction. In this case, the health outcomes investigated are again HES visits. Informed by the medical literature, this thesis focuses on three different health cat- egories: nervous, circulatory and respiratory. The results of the first study show statically significant increases in visits for nervous and respiratory outcomes for people living near airports. Furthermore, we observe a substitution of admissions from elective to emergency hospitalisations. The study that exploits the Heathrow airport trial shows that prescribed medication usage is significantly correlated with air traffic around that airport. Compared to the control regions, we observe a significant decrease in prescribed drugs for respiratory and nervous system conditions in the areas affected by a reduction in air traffic. The third study on daily variation of air pollution, finds a statistically significant increase in nervous emergency hospital visits. Across the three different approaches, nervous conditions are the mostly affected. These conditions include sleep disturbance, attention deficits and other stress-related diseases.
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Öqvist, Elin. "Noise pollution: How can we customize our sound experience?" Thesis, Umeå universitet, Designhögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-135906.
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Ball, Martyn Norman. "Noise law in England and Wales : a comparative study of the current common law and legislative control of noise pollution." Thesis, Keele University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366447.
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Gopalan, Gaurav. "Quasi-static acoustic mapping of helicopter blade-vortex interaction noise." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1757.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2004.Thesis research directed by: Aerospace Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Gan, Wenqi. "Traffic-related air pollution, community noise, and coronary heart disease." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38091.
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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Recent evidence suggests associations between exposure to air pollution and community noise and cardiovascular disease mortality. While road traffic is a major common source for air pollution and community noise in urban areas, studies of their joint effects on the risk of cardiovascular disease have been limited.
Linked administrative databases from the British Columbia health insurance system were used to assemble a population-based cohort to investigate the independent and joint effects of traffic-related air pollution and community noise on coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality. The cohort included all residents aged 45-85 years who resided in metropolitan Vancouver, Canada, for at least 5 years at baseline (N~400,000). During a 4-year follow-up period, CHD death cases were identified from the provincial death registration database.
Distances from residences to major roads were first used as a surrogate for exposure to traffic-related pollution. Living close to major roads was associated with CHD mortality and changes in distances to major roads were associated with altered CHD mortality risk in an exposure-response fashion. Both traffic-related air pollution and noise could be responsible for these associations.
Subsequently, land use regression models were used to estimate residential exposure to major traffic-related air pollutants including black carbon, PM₂.₅, NO₂, and NO. Black carbon concentrations were associated with CHD mortality, with a clear exposure-response relationship. No robust associations were found with other air pollutants.
A noise prediction model was then used to estimate annual average community noise levels at each person’s residence. Community noise and black carbon were independently associated with CHD mortality: an interquartile range elevation in noise (6.6 dB(A)) and black carbon (0.97×10–⁵/m) was associated with a 6% (95% CI, 1-11%) and a 4% (95% CI, 1-8%) increase in coronary mortality, respectively. There was no discernable linear exposure-response relationship between community noise and CHD mortality.
Together, these analyses suggest that traffic-related fine particulate air pollution, indicated by black carbon, and traffic noise may both be responsible for observed associations between exposure to road traffic and cardiovascular disease.
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Desserud, Ingvald Festøy, and Stian Ruud Vaktdal. "How to plan an Everyday Life with less Noise Pollution." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9777.
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In this master thesis a software, MapMonit, that use real measurement data as a basis to calculate noise maps was studied. The project focus on noise from roads. Simulations in MapMonit based on measurements were compared with control measurements and simulations of existing noise computation software. The software used for comparison was CadnaA. The project started with measurements of road traffic noise with four microphone heights at four distances that would be used as input to the software called MapMonit. Since this was the first time the software ever got tested with real measurements, the first test site was chosen to be as simple as possible with a long, straight road and surrounding flat fields. The microphone distances from the road edge were 5 m, 10 m, 20 m and 100 m with microphone heights 0.4 m, 1.5 m, 2 m and 4 m at each of the distances. A grid of control microphones were positioned in the vicinity from 10 m to 180 m from the road edge. At distances 5 m to 20 m for microphone heights 1.5 m to 4 m, the results turned out to be very good. The difference between the A-weighted levels of MapMonit simulations and the control measurements was generally less than 1 dB for all control positions. Compared to CadnaA, the two simulated levels were very similar for propagation paths up to 100 m with differences below 1.4 dB. At control distances over 170 m, the difference was very high, up to 5.3 dB, with MapMonit simulating the highest values. A complicated test site in the vicinity of a noise screen were also studied. The reference microphones for input to MapMonit were placed in front, above and behind the screen, and one behind a garage also on the quiet side. The control measurements were placed around the neighborhood at the quiet side of the noise screen. Due to a flaw with the MapMonit software implementation, the results were presented with flat topography. The reference microphone in front of and above the noise screen gave satisfying results, with differences less than 2 dB at all control positions except for a position just behind a garage. Obstacles along the propagation path included both a noise screen and buildings. Choosing the microphone mounted just above the noise screen, the difference between the A-weighted levels of CadnaA and MapMonit was less than 1 dB for all positions except the one behind the garage.
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Santos, Dulce Claudia Jose Viana. "Avaliação da aplicação da norma de ruido ambiental em municipios da região de São João da Boa Vista." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258532.
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Orientador: Stelamaris Rolla BertoliDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T19:33:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Santos_DulceClaudiaJoseViana_M.pdf: 1865213 bytes, checksum: dd7cd6494e4bd0ee9f87996a87c4893d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004
Resumo: O ruído aparece como um dos problemas ambientais mais freqüentes nos grandes centros urbanos. As atividades ruidosas estão atingindo também as cidades menores do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Nessas cidades nem sempre existem legislações específicas relacionadas a ruído ou condições técnicas para o controle das fontes ruidosas. Nos casos mais graves as reclamações por incômodo devido a ruído chegam a via judiciária onde um perito é designado para fazer a avaliação do ruído ambiental baseado na norma NBR 10151-Avaliação do ruído em áreas habitadas, visando o conforto da comunidade. Nesse trabalho o enfoque de ruído ambiental é analisado através do levantamento dos incômodos gerados por fontes sonoras fixas em dezesseis cidades da região da Equipe de Perícias de São João da Boa Vista. As fontes sonoras são identificadas, mensuradas e catalogadas como aceitáveis ou não de acordo com o nível de critério de avaliação da norma NBR 10151. Paralelamente foi levantado junto aos municípios a existência de legislações municipais específicas sobre ruído ambiental e pessoal técnico para avaliação. Os resultados obtidos nesse trabalho indicaram como está sendo tratada a poluição sonora nessas cidades e quais as principais fontes sonoras de incômodo. Verificou-se também que os critérios de avaliação dos ruídos propostos pela Norma são adequados a esses municípios. O trabalho sugere pontos importantes para estabelecimento de uma legislação e procedimentos específicos relativos a ruído para esses municípios.
Abstract: The noise is shown as the most frequent environmental problem in big cities. The noisy activities are getting also in small cities of São Paulo State. In these cities, not always there is a specific legislation about noise or technical conditions of noisy sources control. In the most serious case, the reclamation for annoyance due the noise, gets, at the judicial mean, where an expert is designated to do the evaluation of the environmental noise based in the NBR 10.151 rule- Evaluation of the noise in inhabit areas, aiming the confort of the community. In this paper the main point of the environmental noise is analysed through the survey of the annoyances generated by fixul noise sources into sixteen cities from the region of São João da Boa Vista Criminal Expert team. The noise sources are identified, measured and catalogue as acceptable or not in accordance to the level of the criterious of evaluation of NBR 10.151 rule. Paralled was raised with the cities the existence of specific municipal legislation about environmental noise and technicals staff (personal) for evaluation. The results obtained in this work indicated how is being treated the noise pollution in these cities and what the major noise source of annoyance is. It had verified if the criterion of evaluation propose by the rule is adequated in the cities. The work suggests important points for the establishment of a specific legislation and special procedures to these municipalities.
Mestrado
Edificações
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Rushforth, Ian Michael. "An integrated acoustic/microseismic approach to monitoring low frequency noise & vibration." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250229.
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Pathak, Khanindra. "Modelling and prediction of environmental noise levels near mechanised surface mines and quarries." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8776.
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Cham, Ho-leung. "The impact of noise controls on the construction industry /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13498575.
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Sheng, Nan. "Prediction and 3D Visualization of Environmental Indicators: Noise and Air Pollution." Thesis, KTH, Geodesi och satellitpositionering, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91351.
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Environmental problems such as noise and air pollution are increasingly catching people’s attention in recent years owing to the industrialization and urbanization all over the world. Therefore it is important to develop effective methods to present information on noise and air pollution to the public. One feasible approach is to carry out prediction based on traffic data and make noise and pollution maps. GIS is a powerful tool for prediction since its spatial analysis function could be used in analysis and calculation. In addition the available GIS platforms also provide visualization functions to display the analysis results in variety of forms, in both 2D and 3D. This thesis uses noise and air pollution as examples to study how to predict noise and pollution from traffic data and how to visualize the predicted pollution information in 3D with the help of the existing visualization technology. Therefore, the thesis has two objectives. The first objective is focused on prediction of noise and air pollution using existing prediction models based on vehicle speed and traffic volume data. The original spatial road network dataset with traffic information was integrated with GIS and analysis and calculations were carried out. Road Traffic Noise-Nordic Prediction Method is used for predicting traffic noise while ARTEMIS model and OSPM model are applied for traffic air pollution. All analysis and calculations were carried out on virtual receiver points generated on ground surface and over building facades at different heights. The second objective is focused on 3D visualization of the predicted traffic noise and air pollution in ArcScene, Google Earth as well as X3D respectively. In ArcScene the virtual receiver points were visualized in their actual position with different colors representing noise or air pollution level. Then KML files were created from the point shapefiles and imported into Google Earth to show the noise and air pollution level in the virtual city available in Google Earth. Finally one layer of point shapefile was selected as an example to give the 3D scene in X3D. The selected layer of points was first interpolated into a continuous surface and converted into contours. Three types of models were developed in this part. First is to visualize contours in 3D using both colors and heights to show the noise or air pollution levels. Next the interpolated surface was segmented into scattered cells displayed also in colors and heights both representing pollution intensity. The last one is using 3D bars to show noise or air pollution in colors and lengths. The prediction results shows that the either noise or air pollution in the north part of central Stockholm is much more serious than in south part and the most polluted area appear along the highways. In the same area the pollution levels vary in different heights. The 3D visualization in ArcScene and Google Earth could clearly present the differences. However, so far the visualization in X3D only gives 2D information in 3D, which means although the 3D scenes were created, the height only noise or air pollution on the specific height could be represented. The real 3D representing is still need to be studied.VisuCity
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Floud, Sarah Katherine. "Cardiovascular disease and medication use associated with exposure to aircraft noise, road traffic noise and air pollution in populations living near airports." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/39137.
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Noise is a significant environmental problem; epidemiological evidence that noise from road traffic and aircraft may be damaging to health has been increasing. This thesis uses data from the HYENA (HYpertension and Exposure to Noise near Airports) multi-centre study. Earlier HYENA studies suggested that noise exposure increased the risk of hypertension and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease, through blood pressure spikes, reduced night-time dipping of blood pressure and raised morning salivary cortisol. This thesis found that long-term exposure to aircraft noise was associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease and with the use of anti-hypertensive and anxiolytic medication. Road traffic noise was also associated with cardiovascular disease and additionally with antacid use in men. These are new findings with significant implications for public policy. Airports generate road traffic, with associated air pollution increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease. An analysis was therefore undertaken into whether the association between cardiovascular disease and road traffic noise was confounded by air pollution or if there was interaction between the exposures. Mutual confounding by noise and air pollution was found in separate analyses of three countries within HYENA. It is possible that aspects of the home environment, insulation, open windows and room orientation, affect exposure to noise and thus modify health risks. Associations between cardiovascular disease and road traffic noise were found for participants whose rooms faced the road and for those who had sound proofing installed in their home, suggesting the latter is a marker for higher exposure and/or sensitivity to noise. The effect of opening windows on the association between cardiovascular disease and noise was less clear, with an association with aircraft noise but not with road traffic noise.
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Cham, Ho-leung, and 湛浩樑. "The impact of noise controls on the construction industry." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31252552.
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Sarhatlić, Nerim. "Identifiering och kartläggning av buller i centrala Falun." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Byggteknik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-14632.
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Ett problem i dagens moderna samhälle är att bullernivåerna är för höga. Dessa höga bullernivåer är en hälsorisk och kan ge människan permanenta skador. Buller är något som inte får försummas. Syftet med examensarbetet är att identifiera och kartlägga bullret på Holmgatan i centrala Falun. Syftet är också att analysera resultatet och sätta det i förhållande till myndigheternas krav och riktlinjer avseende bullernivåer. Examensarbetet avgränsas till bullermätning och kartläggning på delar av Holmgatan i centrala Falun, som bedömts vara extra utsatta för buller. Bullermätningarna utfördes under fyra vardagar och under tider från det att de flesta affärer öppnar till att de stänger, kl. 10-18. Metoden bestod utav bullermätningar som utfördes med en timmes intervall längs den utvalda delen av Holmgatan. Dagarna då dessa mätningar utfördes var 2/12 till 5/12-2013. Resultatet redovisas som medelvärdet per timme av alla dagar då bullermätningarna utfördes. Resultatet varierade, det lägsta bullermedelvärdet var 57 dB och det högsta bullermedelvärdet var 83 dB. Det syns tydligt att de högre värdena ligger närmare en gata som används av bussar och andra transportfordon. De lägre värdena låg oftast i närheten av Geislerka parken, som är en stor och öppen yta mitt i Holmgatan. Över lag så låg bullermedelvärdena mellan 60-65 dB. Slutsatsen tyder på att bullernivån på Holmgatan överskrider inte myndigheternas krav på vad som anses som skadligt men ligger strax under riktlinjerna för maximalnivån för utomhusbuller (70 dB). Åtgärder såsom att plantera vegitation på fasader och omleda trafiken skulle kunna vidtas för att minska bullernivån på Holmgatan.A problem in today's modern society is that the noise levels are too high. These high levels of noise is a health hazard and can give man permanent damage. Noise pollution is something that must not be neglected. The purpose of this study is to identify and map the noise on Holmgatan in central Falun. The purpose is also to analyze the results and put them in relation with the regulatory requirements and guidelines regarding noise levels and to analyze the results and see if actions should be taken against the noise on Holmgatan. The thesis is limited to noise measurements and mapping of parts of Holmgatan, considered to be especially vulnerable to noise. Noise measurements were conducted during four weekdays and during times from when most stores open to most of them then closing, at. 10-18. The method consisted of noise measurements which were performed at hourly intervals along the selected portion of Holmgatan. The days on which these measurements were performed was from 2/12 to 5/12-2013. The results are reported as average value per hour of any day on which noise measurements were made. The results varied, the lowest average noise was 57 dB and the highest average noise was 83 dB. It is clearly seen that the higher values are closer to a street used by buses and other transport vehicles. The lower values were generally near Geislerka parken, which is a large garden, an open area in the middle of Holmgatan. Overall, the average noise values were between 60-65 dB. The conclusion suggests that the noise level at Holmgatan do not exceed regulatory requirements on what is considered as harmful but it is just below the guidelines for the maximum level of outdoor noise (70 dB). Actions such as planting vegetation on the facades and to redirect the traffic could be done to reduce noise levels at Holmgatan.
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Weber, Nicole. "Using landscape metrics to assess traffic noise, air pollution and temperature conditions." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17196.
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Urbane Räume sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Bevölkerungsdichtes sowie gesellschaftlichen und wirtschaftlichen Bedeutung besonders exponiert gegenüber äußeren Einflüssen und Umweltbelastungen. Sie sind klimatische Ungunsträume, in welchen sich besonders bei starken Hitzeereignissen eine hohe gesundheitliche Belastung entwickelt. Zudem sind Städte durch eine beträchtliche Lärmbelastung und Luftverschmutzung belastet. In der vorliegenden Dissertation wurde eine umweltbezogene Risikoanalyse anhand von Landschaftsstrukturmaßen umgesetzt, in dem Leipziger Stadtstrukturtypen hinsichtlich ihrer Belastung durch Verkehrslärm, Feinstaub und Oberflächentemperaturen untersucht wurden. Die höchsten Belastungen an Lärm und Feinstaub, als auch die höchsten Oberflächen-temperaturen treten in den Wohngebieten auf. Grünflächen und Kleingartenanlagen bilden dagegen Erholungsräume mit geringeren Oberflächentemperaturen und hohen Anteilen gering belasteter Flächen durch Lärm und Feinstaub. Eine gleichzeitige Analyse der vorhandenen Strukturmerkmale, Bebauungshöhe und Anteil an bebauter Fläche, ermöglichte die Betrachtung der Beeinflussung durch bestimmte Baustrukturen und deren Anordnung. Der Einsatz von Landschaftsstrukturmaßen ermöglicht eine kostengünstige und effiziente Analyse von Umweltbelastungen wie Lärm, Feinstaub und Hitze von unterschiedlichen Stadtstrukturtypen. Anhand von Landschaftsstrukturmaßen können die mit Stadtumbau und Neubau einhergehenden Verbesserungen oder Verschlechterungen der Luftschadstoff- und Lärmbelastung sowie Oberflächentemperaturen identifiziert werden.In cause of their high population-density as well as social and economic importance, urban areas are particularly sensitive to external influences and environmental pollution. Under climate change and high noise and air pollution, green spaces, such as parks and urban forests, become increasingly important. The identification of highly polluted areas within the city or its residential districts can be helpful for city planners to proactively plan these areas and create open spaces. Sustainable effects on well-being and human health will be the outcome. The dissertation implemented an environmental risk analysis has been based on the quantitative concept of the landscape metrics. Typical structure types in Leipzig have been analysed for their exposure to traffic noise, air pollution and surface temperatures. The highest exposures of noise and airborne particles, as well as the highest surface temperatures were found in residential areas. In contrast green spaces and allotments form recreation areas with lower surface temperatures and high percentages of low exposured areas of noise and air pollution. A simultaneous analysis of existing structural features, building height and proportion of built area, allowed the consideration of the influence of certain structural conditions. The use of landscape metrics offered a cost-efficient analysis of the structure types and the prevailing exposure of the three environmental stressors. Bases on metrics such as edge and patch density and diversity indicés, land use structure changes going along with improvements or worsening of air and noise pollution as well as surface temperatures can be straightforward identified.
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Boutatis, Antonios 1974. "Noise aviation pollution in airports : the case of Boston Logan International Airport." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84257.
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Kight, Caitlin Rebecca. "Acoustics of anthropogenic habitats: The impact of noise pollution on eastern bluebirds." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616712.
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An increasing number of habitats are affected by anthropogenic noise pollution, which is often louder, has a different frequency emphasis, and may occur over a different temporal scale, than natural noise. An increasing number of studies indicate that acoustically-communicating animals in such areas can modify their vocalizations in order to make themselves heard over the noise, but many questions still remain, including: How taxonomically widespread is vocal flexibility in response to anthropogenic noise, and do all vocally flexible species employ the same mechanisms to escape acoustic masking? Are there fitness repercussions for living, communicating, and breeding in noisy habitats? and, can particular habitat features be used to predict environmental noise levels and sound propagation characteristics? Here, I present data collected from the breeding territories of eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis ) to address each of these questions. My results add another species to the list of those who are able to avoid acoustic masking by modifying temporal and spectral traits of vocalizations. I also show that anthropogenic noise is associated with changes in several eastern bluebird breeding parameters. Finally, I demonstrate that both anthropogenic noise levels and sound propagation traits can be predicted by particular habitat characteristics.
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Watkins, Alexandra. "Sonic Apartheid: ecoracism, apartheid geographics and noise pollution in Cape Town's Blikkiesdorp." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32488.
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In Sonic Apartheid: Ecoracism, Apartheid Geographies, and Noise Pollution in Cape Town's Blikkiesdorp, Alexandra Downing Watkins begins a project of mapping geographies of dispossession and abandonment in Blikkiesdorp (Afrikaans for "Tin Can Town"), a Temporary Relocation Area on the margins of Cape Town created in 2007 following a wake of mass evictions for the 2010 World Cup. After being created as a "temporary" solution, Blikkiesdorp remained a site of abandonment where evicted peoples, refugees, and other "undesirables" were sent to live. Seven years later, the City of Cape Town and the Airports Company of South Africa signed a Memorandum of Understanding agreeing to realign one of the airport's runways, which would serve to relocate the community. Following the story of strategic organising by the Blikkiesdorp community to be included in the Environmental Impact Assessment that was being instrumentalized to further displace them, this work examines the community's struggle against conditions of abandonment through complicating the division of humans and the environment. This project engages with the mechanics of bio-, necro-, and geontopower, in contemporary South African environmental governance as an afterlife of apartheid spatial planning. The project features environmental research that was completed in cooperation with community members who shared their experiential environmental knowledge through interviews and diary entries as well as compiling decibel readings of excessive noise pollution. This data along with noise pollution diaries, photographs, and interviews has been compiled and placed in a digital archive in the form of an open-source ArchGIS Story Map. Combining theory and research contributed by the Blikkiesdorp community with the contemporary theoretical language of new materialism and critical race theory, this work engages with the porosity of bodies, the co-imbrication of bodies and landscape, how the creation of an "alternative social project" can serve to disturb and resist evidence-based technoscience and processes of ecoracist governance.
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Mawhinney, Graeme Hugh. "An investigation of noise produced by unsteady gas flow through silencer elements." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314123.
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Brunslik, Gary. "An analysis of XYZ Company's hearing conservation program." Online version, 1998. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/1998/1998brunslikg.pdf.
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Choi, Ching-yee. "Noise levels in primary school classrooms in Hong Kong audiological implications /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36207846.
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Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 2001."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, May 4, 2001." Also available in print.
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Wright, Chelsea Jill. "Anthropogenic noise alters avian community composition in temperate forests." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1533215413980414.
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Genari, Eliseu de Souza. "Acústica do ambiente externas às igrejas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-03102015-095219/.
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Este projeto de pesquisa pretende contribuir para o tema da acústica do ambiente externo às igrejas, fornecendo um panorama em linhas gerais da natureza e magnitude das ocorrências sonoras externas às igrejas de uma área de amostragem constituída por 12 igrejas situadas em região urbana na cidade de São Paulo. A partir de dados coletados do entorno, das tipologias, dos resultados das medições sonoras e da aplicação de questionários, a pesquisa pretende compreender melhor as causas e os efeitos das fontes de ruído na vizinhança, bem como a de recomendar meios de prevenção dos problemas, tanto nos projetos de novas edificações como na escolha e adaptação de edificações existentes para a finalidade do culto religioso.This research project aims to contribute to the acoustic theme of the external environment to the churches, providing an overview in general terms the nature and magnitude of external sound events to the churches of a sampling area consists of 12 churches located in urban areas in the city of São Paulo. The data collected from the field survey, made available around the information and typology of the churches and the comparison of results of noise measurements,the research seeks to analyze the causes and effects of noise sources in the vicinity, as well as recommend means of preventing problems, both in the projects of new buildings in the choice and adaptation of existing buildings for the purpose of religious worship.
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Foraster, Pulido Maria 1984. "Noise and air pollution from road traffic : understanding their role in blood pressure." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283470.
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Epidemiological evidence is limited regarding the effects of long-term exposure to
traffic-related air pollution and to traffic noise on blood pressure (BP). This thesis aims
at (a) assessing the long-term co-exposure to traffic-related air pollution and traffic
noise and (b) evaluating and disentangling the associations of each of these trafficrelated
environmental factors on hypertension, systolic and diastolic BP in the adult
population of Girona city (Catalonia, Spain).
We studied the spatial correlation between annual average levels of measured nitrogen
dioxide (NO2) and modeled traffic noise levels (L24h and Lnight) at 83 outdoor residential
locations in Girona city. We used data from the baseline examination (years 2003-2006)
of a population-based cohort corresponding to 3836 participants aged 35-84. We
assigned outdoor annual average levels of NO2 and traffic noise at the participants’
postal addresses with a land-use regression model and a traffic noise model,
respectively. Indoor traffic Lnight levels at the bedrooms were estimated based on the
noise protection elements at home.
The correlation between NO2 and traffic noise was high and city area-dependent. NO2
and indoor traffic noise showed consistent and independent associations with both BP
and hypertension. In contrast, the associations for NO2 could not be disentangled from
those for outdoor traffic noise. We also identified potential susceptibility groups.
This thesis adds to the limited evidence showing that long-term exposure to trafficrelated
air pollution and to traffic noise are associated (and independently) with both BP
and hypertension. Further studies are required to confirm these results.L’evidència epidemiològica és limitada en relació als efectes de l’exposició prolongada a la contaminació atmosfèrica i al soroll provinents del trànsit amb la pressió arterial (PA). Aquesta tesi té com a objectiu (a) explorar l’exposició conjunta a la contaminació atmosfèrica i al soroll del trànsit a llarg termini i (b) avaluar i separar les associacions de cadascun d’aquests dos factors ambientals amb la hipertensió i la pressió sistòlica i diastòlica a la població adulta de la ciutat mediterrània de Girona (Catalunya, Espanya). Vam estudiar la correlació espacial entre els nivells anuals mitjans de diòxid de nitrogen (NO2) mesurat i del soroll de trànsit modelitzat (L24h and Lnit) a l’exterior de 83 localitzacions residencials. Vam utilitzar les dades de l’exploració basal (anys 2003- 2006) d’una cohort poblacional corresponents a 3836 participants de 35 a 84 anys. Vam assignar els nivells mitjans anuals exteriors de NO2 i de soroll de trànsit a les adreces postals residencials de cada participant amb un model de regressió de l’ús del sòl i un model de soroll de trànsit, respectivament. Els nivells interiors de Lnit de trànsit als dormitoris es van derivar en base a les proteccions contra el soroll a casa. La correlació entre l’NO2 i el soroll del trànsit era elevada i depenia de l’àrea de la ciutat. Ambdós l’NO2 i el soroll del trànsit s’associaven consistent i independentment amb la hipertensió i la PA. En canvi, les associacions per l’NO2 no es podien deslligar de les del soroll de trànsit exterior. També vam identificar factors de susceptibilitat potencials. Aquesta tesi incrementa l’evidència escassa sobre que l’exposició prolongada a la contaminació atmosfèrica i al soroll del trànsit s’associen, i independentment, tant amb la PA com amb la hipertensió. Es requereixen més estudis per confirmar aquests resultats.
La evidencia epidemiológica es limitada en relación a los efectos de la exposición prolongada a la contaminación atmosférica y al ruido procedentes del tráfico con la presión arterial (PA). Esta tesis tiene como objetivo (a) explorar la exposición conjunta a la contaminación atmosférica y al ruido del tráfico a largo plazo y (b) evaluar y separar las asociaciones de cada uno de estos dos factores ambientales con la hipertensión y la presión sistólica y diastólica en la población adulta de la ciudad mediterránea de Girona (Cataluña, España). Estudiamos la correlación espacial entre los niveles anuales medios de dióxido de nitrógeno (NO2) medido y de ruido de tráfico modelizado (L24h and Lnoche) en el exterior de 83 localizaciones residenciales. Utilizamos los datos de la exploración basal (años 2003-2006) de una cohorte poblacional correspondientes a 3836 participantes de 35 a 84 años. Asignamos los niveles medios anuales exteriores de NO2 y de ruido de tráfico a las direcciones postales residenciales de cada participante con un modelo de regresión del uso del suelo y un modelo de ruido de tráfico, respectivamente. Los niveles interiores de Lnoche de tráfico en los dormitorios se derivaron en base a las protecciones contra el ruido en casa. La correlación entre el NO2 y el ruido del tráfico era elevada y dependía del área de la ciudad. Ambos el NO2 y el ruido del tráfico se asociaban consistente e independientemente con la hipertensión y la PA. En cambio, las asociaciones para el NO2 no se podían desenredar de las del ruido de tráfico exterior. También identificamos factores de susceptibilidad potenciales. Esta tesis incrementa la evidencia escasa sobre que la exposición prolongada a la contaminación atmosférica y al ruido del tráfico se asocian, e independientemente, tanto con la PA como con la hipertensión. Se requieren más estudios para confirmar estos resultados.
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Kenny, Heather Violet. "Female Aggression Level Mediates The Impact Of Anthropogenic Noise Pollution In Eastern Bluebirds." W&M ScholarWorks, 2020. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1616444446.
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We asked whether anthropogenic noise and animal personality interact to influence the settlement patterns and parental behaviors of individual eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) in a suburban landscape. Our hypothesis was that individuals with bold-type personalities would be less sensitive to noise pollution because they are more risk-tolerant. We collected repeated measures of neophobia, aggression, and nestling feeding rate in adult bluebirds while manipulating the sound environment at nest boxes. First, we added a recording of traffic noise during the nestling stage. We found that when exposed to experimental noise, aggressive females had higher feeding rates than less-aggressive females. Individual bluebirds were moderately repeatable in aggression and neophobia, but the two behaviors did not correlate to form bold-type and shy-type personalities. In a second experiment, we manipulated the noise environment during territory establishment, nest-building, and egg-laying. We found that less-aggressive females tended to settle in noise-treated nests, and these females delayed egg-laying by an average of four days, although this was not statistically different from controls. These results suggest that female aggression level is important for mediating the effects of anthropogenic noise pollution on this population bluebirds by influencing spatial arrangement and noise exposure, by directly delaying egg-laying, and by influencing nestling feeding rate. By identifying the role of personality in mediating human impacts on animal populations, we can implement more finely tuned conservation and management programs.
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McCarthy, Elena. "International regulation of underwater sound : establishing rules and standards to address ocean noise pollution /." View online ; access limited to URI, 2003. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.helin.uri.edu/dissertations/dlnow/3103712.
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CARVALHO, Roberta Mendonça De. "Ecosystem services and urban vegetation coverage in Belém: the influence on noise pollution, air pollution and climate regulation." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/4498.
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A ligação entre as zonas urbanas e as questões ambientais ficam mais próximas na medida em que cresce a conscientização global de conservar, melhorar e valorizar os serviços ambientais prestados pela natureza para a sustentabilidade da vida, dentro e fora da cidade. Cobertura vegetal (ou cobertura verde) está dentre as principais fontes de tais serviços. Uma vez que o processo de urbanização se mostra irreversível e os problemas ambientais urbanos se alastram em tamanho e extensão, a presença do verde está diretamente relacionada aos indicadores de qualidade de vida urbana. Como reflexo do processo de urbanização, a cidade de Belém perdeu uma grande porcentagem de seus ecossistemas naturais, de modo que este trabalho se concentrou em analisar alguns serviços ecossistêmicos—qualidade do ar, poluição do ar e regulação do clima - fornecidos pela qualidade e pela quantidade de cobertura vegetal local, considerando as alterações na distribuição espaço-temporal, em três distritos administrativos. Um marco teórico foi construído e analisado; a cobertura vegetal foi calculada, utilizando-se NDVI e Cobertura Vegetal Fracional em imagens do LANDSAT 5, ao longo de um período de 23 anos. A partir de uma proposta de escala mais detalhada de NDVI, análises quantitativas e qualitativas da cobertura verde evidenciaram perda significativa de cobertura muito densa, densa, moderada e aumento de áreas de pouca ou nenhuma vegetação. Ademais, lesão das áreas verdes sinalizou tendências de aumento da poluição do ar, da poluição sonora e da temperatura. A carência de dados relacionados ao meio ambiente não deixa dúvida sobre a urgência de investimento nos serviços ambientais provenientes da cobertura vegetal, para a sustentabilidade urbana em Belém, cujos cenários previstos são de drásticas perdas de área verde. Mais pesquisas e iniciativas de instituições públicas e privadas são necessárias para a contribuição aos serviços ambientais em Belém e, consequentemente, ao bem-estar público.
The ties between urban areas and environmental issues are growing as strong as the global awareness of the need to conserve, improve and valorize the ecosystem services provided by nature, in order to ensure the sustainability of life in and outside cities. Green vegetation coverage (or green areas) is one of the major sources of such services. Considering that there is no turning back on urbanization process, and the urban environmental problems are on the rise, the urban green areas should be among the elements that influence urban life quality. As a result of the urbanization process, the city of Belém has lost a great percentage of its natural ecosystems. This work focused at analyzing ecosystem services (air quality, air pollution and climate regulation) provided by local vegetation coverage quality and quantity, considering the spatial distribution and temporal changes on three administrative districts. A theoretical framework was built and assessed while vegetation coverage was calculated using NDVI and Fractional Vegetation Coverage on LANDSAT 5 imagery over a 23-year period. Owing to a more detailed scale, NDVI enabled conducting the quantitative and qualitative analyses of vegetation coverage, which showed significant loss of very dense, dense and moderate vegetation coverage and an increase in poor vegetation and bare soil areas. In addition, the study findings revealed increased noise pollution, decrease in air quality and increase in temperature, all resulting from changes in natural coverage. The significant lack of environmental data leaves no doubt about the urgency of investing on vegetation coverage for the urban sustainability in Belém, given that both actual and forecast scenarios indicate drastic green area losses. Hence, more research and both public and private initiatives are encouraged to contribute to the development of Belém ecosystems services and contribute to the enhancement of public well-being.
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Mdaka, Themba Cyprian. "Assessment of noise levels in work areas at the Polokwane Platinum Smelter, South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1296.
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Thesis (M.Sc (Physiology)) --University of Limpopo, 2015Objective This study assesses whether noise levels above legal limits of 85 dB(A) that can result in noise-induced hearing loss are present in areas where employees are supposed to work and to verify that such areas are demarcated as noise zones at the Polokwane Platinum Smelter. Background and motivation Excessive noise is a global health hazard with considerable social and physiological impact, including the development of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Noise is a major hazard in many workplaces. It is estimated that more than 30 million workers (almost 1 in 10) are exposed to unsafe noise in their work places. NIHL is the second most self-reported occupational illness or injury in the United States. Amongst miners, more than 90% of the population reports hearing problems by the age of 55 years. Noise exposure is prevalent in construction, foundries, agriculture, transport, industry and mining-related activities. The prevalence of NIHL has not changed much in the past two decades. Therefore, a hearing conservation programme is an important issue in the smelter as certain areas are denoted as noise areas. Study design A cross-sectional study design with a group of utility workers at the Polokwane Platinum Smelter, as the experimental group, and a group of undergraduate Bachelor of Science students at the University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus) served as a control group. Method A sound level meter was used to measure the noise levels where the utility group performs their technical work. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) computer program. Results The average noise measured in various locations of the Polokwane Platinum Smelter was between 62.6 dB(A) and 105.1 dB(A). The results indicated that workers at the Polokwane Platinum Smelter are over exposed to noise in certain work areas if they work eight hours in the area. Areas where the average noise level was above noise rating limit of 85 dB(A) were demarcated as noise zones as an additional protective measure. Employees also use hearing protective devices, when they are working in noise zones, to control personal noise exposure. This is in accordance with the Occupational Health and Safety Act No. 85 of 1993 as amended eleventh edition (OHS Act 85/93). Conclusion In the present study, noise levels in certain areas exceeded the noise rating limit of 85 dB(A). However such areas are clearly demarcated as noise areas and employees accessing those area must wear earmuffs or earplugs. Possibilities of employees developing hearing loss overtime exist, if employees work for eight hours or longer in demarcated areas and do not adhere to the existing Hearing Conservation Program (HCP) implemented at the Polokwane Platinum Smelter. Noise levels at the Polokwane Platinum Smelter should be monitored regularly.
University of Limpopo
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Willems, Joshua. "Artificial night lighting and anthropogenic noise alter animal activity, body condition, species richness, and community structure." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2020. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2187.
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Sensory pollution from artificial night-lighting and anthropogenic noise have increased at a dramatic rate over the last several decades. Alterations to the sensory environment have been found to affect wildlife in a wide variety of ways including behavioral changes, physiological responses, changes in species interactions, and altered community structure. Increased levels of light and noise pollution can originate from many sources including roads, energy development and infrastructure, and urbanization. Even remote or protected areas are not immune to the effects of increased sensory disturbances with 63 percent of protected areas within the United States found to have been exposed to a doubling of background noise levels due to anthropogenic activity and skyglow, the scattering of artificial light by the atmosphere, extending hundreds of kilometers from the source. Despite a large body of work investigating the effects of light or noise pollution acting alone, relatively few studies have examined the effects of both stimuli acting together even though they frequently co-occur. Better understanding how these stressors, especially when present simultaneously, are affecting ecosystems is critical to ongoing mitigation and conservation efforts.
In Chapter 1, we investigated the effects of increased levels of light and noise pollution, both singularly and in tandem, on pinyon mouse (Peromyscus truei) activity and body condition. Using a full factorial study design allowed us to isolate the effects of both stimuli when acting alone as well as any potential interactions between the two when both were present. We used standard trapping methods across a gradient of light, noise, and both combined while also accounting for variations in moonlight, vegetative structure, and weather. We found that an increased level of artificial night-lighting resulted in lower trap success of pinyon mice while there was no effect of noise on trap success. There was no effect of elevated light levels on body condition but there was a negative effect of noise on body condition early in the season. Later in the season, neither light nor noise influenced body condition. No interactive effects between light and noise were found.
In Chapter 2, we studied the effects of anthropogenic light and noise, singularly and in tandem, on species richness and community structure using camera traps in a manipulative field experiment. We investigated these effects at both the species level and the taxonomic level (nocturnal mammals, diurnal mammals, lagomorphs, birds, mesocarnivores, and ungulates). We showed that both light and noise pollution did alter species richness and that these effects can differ depending on the scale of observation. Increased levels of night-lighting had a scale-dependent effect on species richness such that increases in light levels had a negative effect on richness at the camera level, but light-treated sites had the highest estimated cumulative richness. In contrast, noise was found to have a negative effect on richness for birds. When both stimuli were present, the addition of night-lighting mitigated the effects of noise for birds. For community structure, noise-treated sites were the most dissimilar from other treatments, indicating that increased levels of anthropogenic noise likely have the largest effect on community structure in this study. We also found evidence of a possible rescue effect of light that counteracts the negative effect of noise. That is, combined treatment sites were significantly dissimilar from both light and noise sites but not from the control sites.
Together, our results provide evidence that alterations to the sensory environment from anthropogenic activity can affect wild animal populations in multiple ways. As human development increases to meet the demands of growing human populations, more ecosystems will be exposed to increased levels of sensory disturbance, making the understanding of how these changes affect wildlife critical to ongoing conservation efforts.
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Parantelli, Giulia. "Noise mapping of highly trafficked roads of the province of Bologna according to D.Lgs. 194/2005." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8119/.
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The European Community has stressed the importance of achieving a common understanding to deal with the environmental noise through community actions of the Member States. This implies the use of harmonized indicators and specific information regarding the values of indicators, the exceedance of limits and the number of people and dwellings exposed to noise.
The D.Lgs. 149/2005 in compliance with the European Directive 2002/49/EC defines methodologies, noise indicators and types of outputs required.
In this dissertation the work done for the noise mapping of highly trafficked roads of the Province of Bologna will be reported. The study accounts for the environmental noise generated by the road infrastructure outside the urban agglomeration of Bologna. Roads characterized by an annual traffic greater than three millions of vehicles will be considered.
The process of data collection and validation will be reported, as long as the implementation of the calculation method in the software and the procedure to create and calibrate the calculation model. Results will be provided as required by the legislation, in forms of maps and tables.
Moreover results regarding each road section accounted will be combined to gain a general understanding of the situation of the overall studied area.
Although the understanding of the noise levels and the number of people exposed is paramount, it is not sufficient to develop strategies of noise abatement interventions.
Thus a further step will be addressed: the creation of priority maps as the basis of action plans for organizing and prioritizing solutions for noise reduction and abatement.
Noise reduction measures are reported in a qualitative way in the annex and constitute a preliminary research.
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Liu, Chuang. "Exposure to ambient air pollution and noise in relation to adverse health effect in children." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-173416.
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Adverse health impacts of ambient air pollution and noise have been reported previously. However, many published studies were in adults or aged population, little attention has been paid to children and in particular to noise and the potential combined effect with air pollution. In addition, we considered health parameters, which are underinvestigated so far. In our study, we explored associations between ambient air pollution and noise with blood pressure (BP), and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) in school-aged children, using data from two German birth cohorts.
Noise levels within a 50m buffer around each participant’s home address were assessed using geographic information system. Exposure estimates of annual average concentrations of air pollution for each participant’s residence were calculated using a land use regression model. Short-term concentrations of air pollution were collected from background monitoring sites. Information on BP and eNO was collected during a physical examination at the 10-year follow-up of the cohorts.
We studied the health impacts of ambient air pollution and noise in children from three different aspects. The association between traffic noise and BP was explored in 605 children, and the results showed that higher minimum levels of weighted day-evening-night noise and nighttime noise around the home residence may increase a child’s BP. Based on this finding, we conducted a second analysis to figure out the combined associations between air pollution and noise with BP, and found that ambient air pollution was not consistently associated with BP with adjustment for noise. Furthermore, the effects of ambient air pollution on eNO were explored within 1985 children, and we observed a significant positive association between short-term, but not long-term, air pollution with childhood eNO.
In conclusion, our study provided more epidemiological evidence on the adverse health impacts of ambient air pollution and noise in school-aged children, and highlighted the confounding association between ambient air pollution and noise. More studies are needed to better assess the combined health effects of ambient air pollution and noise in children.Frühere Studien haben über die gesundheitsschädigende Wirkung von Luftschadstoffen und Lärm berichtet. Allerdings betrachteten viele bislang publizierte Studien Erwachsene oder die ältere Bevölkerung. Kinder und im Speziellen die gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Lärm, sowie die gemeinsame Wirkung von Luftschadstoffen und Lärm wurden hingegen bislang nur wenig untersucht. Das ist ein Ziel der vorliegenden Promotionsschrift. Zusätzlich haben wir Gesundheitsgrößen betrachtet, die bisher wenig erforscht wurden. In unserer Studie haben wir die Assoziationen zwischen Luftschadstoffen und Lärmbelastung und Blutdruck und exhaliertem Stickstoffmonoxid (eNO) bei Kindern im Schulalter untersucht. Wir konnten dabei auf Daten von zwei großen deutschen Geburtskohorten zurückgreifen. Die Lärmbelastung innerhalb eines Umkreises von 50m um die Wohnadresse jedes Studienteilnehmers wurde anhand von Lärmpegelkarten im Geographischen Informationssystem modelliert. Schätzungen der mittleren jährlichen Konzentration von Luftschadstoffen an der jeweiligen Wohnadresse wurden anhand von „land use regression“ Modellen berechnet. Kurzzeit-Konzentrationen von Luftschadstoffen wurden mit Hilfe von Hintergrund Monitoring Stationen gesammelt. Informationen zu Blutdruck und eNO wurden während einer körperlichen Untersuchung beim Follow-up der Kohorten im Alter von 10 Jahren gemessen. Wir haben die Auswirkungen von Luftschadstoffexposition und Lärmbelastung auf die Gesundheit von Kindern unter drei verschiedenen Aspekten betrachtet. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Verkehrslärm und Blutdruck wurde bei 605 Kindern untersucht und die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass ein höherer Mindestpegel des gewichteten Tag-Abend-Nacht Lärmes und des Lärmes während der Nachtzeit um die Wohnung den Blutdruck der Kinder erhöhen könnte. Auf Grund dieser Erkenntnis haben wir eine zweite Auswertung durchgeführt um den gemeinsamen Zusammenhang zwischen Luftschadstoffbelastung und Lärm mit Blutdruck zu untersuchen und haben festgestellt, dass die Luftschadstoffexposition nach einer Adjustierung für Lärm nicht konsistent mit Blutdruck assoziiert war. Darüber hinaus wurden die Auswirkungen der Luftverschmutzung auf das eNO bei 1985 Kindern untersucht. Dabei wurde ein signifikanter, positiver Zusammenhang zwischen Kurzzeit-, jedoch nicht zwischen Langzeitexposition mit Luftschadstoffen und eNO beobachtet. Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass unsere Studie weitere epidemiologische Erkenntnisse über die negativen gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen von Luftverschmutzung und Lärm bei Schulkindern geliefert hat. Insbesondere wird damit betont, dass Luftschadstoffe und Lärm wechselseitige Störgrößen in Assoziationen darstellen können. Allerdings sind weitere Studien notwendig, um gesundheitliche Auswirkungen von Luftschadstoffen auf die Knochenumsatzrate bei Kindern abschließend beurteilen zu können.
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Saxen, Shelley Walker. "Park visitors and the natural soundscape : winter experience dimensions in yellowstone." [Missoula, Mont.] : The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-12112008-123204/unrestricted/umi-umt-1108.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) --University of Montana, 2008.Title from author supplied metadata. Description based on contents viewed on May 15, 2009. ETD number: etd-12112008-123204. Author supplied keywords: natural sounds ; recreation ; visitor experiences ; national park policy ; soundscape policy ; soundscape management ; winter visitor experiences ; wildland recreation. Includes bibliographical references.