Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Nombres, théories des'
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Kagni, Victor. "Programmation linéaire multiobjectif en nombres entiers : théories, algorithmes et essai d'application à la gestion d'équipements hospitaliers." Dijon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995DIJOE013.
Full textMultiobjective linear programming methods with continuous variables date from 1960. It's only in 1973 that the indivisibility was taken into account in multiobjective optimization. This work is a contribution to the multiobjective integer linear problems and methods. The first part is about single and multiobjective problems with continuous variables. It includes the separation theorem used as a multiobjective case, and the theorem of the equivalence between Pareto's optimum and multiparametric program. This equivalence is a source of continuous multiobjective methods when the decision maker's preference weightings are made a priori, a posteriori or when they are progressive. These methods are used in general cases. The second part deals with multiobjective integer linear programming in theories and algorithms. The preceding equivalence theorem has been adapted to integer case in this part. Integer methods are subject of the third part; a greater place is given to a priori weightings, with integer goal programming and progressive weightings with integer interactive methods by preference revelation, because of their adaptability. Progressive preference weightings are emphasized so as to limit value judgement on objectives. So, methods are presented depending on whether variables describe n, 0-1 or they are mixed. Integer interactive methods with preferential vector have been suggested. They optimize all the objectives simultanously, respecting integer Pareto's optimum. Concerning mixed variables, the methods used were binary decomposition and median analysis
Couveignes, Jean-Marc. "Quelques calculs en théorie des nombres." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10593.
Full textGonzalez, Patrick. "Croissance d'automates et théorie des nombres." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22028.
Full textBalandraud, Eric. "Quelques résultats combinatoires en théorie additive des nombres." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00172441.
Full textLa seconde partie de cette thèse se place dans le contexte de la théorie additive des nombres. Nous développons une nouvelle approche de la méthode isopérimétrique de Y. ould Hamidoune, qui nous permet, entre autres, de donner une nouvelle démonstration du théorème de Kneser, outil majeur en théorie additive des nombres. Nous donnons une autre application de cette nouvelle approche à la détermination de nouvelles valeurs de taille minimale d'une somme de deux ensembles de tailles fixées, dans des groupes non abéliens. Ces nouvelles valeurs répondent par la négative à une question de la littérature.
Deléglise, Marc. "Applications des ordinateurs à la théorie des nombres." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10117.
Full textBalandraud, Éric. "Quelques résultats combinatoires en théorie additive des nombres." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13159.
Full textLoo, Vivien. "Excitation résonante et non-linéarité à faible nombre de photons d'une boîte quantique en microcavité." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077166.
Full textResults of resonant spectroscopy of a quantum dot strongly coupled to a microcavity are exposed. Rising the power makes the devices reflectivity to drop. This phenomenon has a threshold of 8 photons per pulse ? Which is a record. It is possible to observe fluctuations of the quantum dot emission energy at the scale of the microsecond
Fleckinger, Vincent. "Fonctions elliptiques et génération d'anneaux d'entiers." Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10507.
Full textCohen, Cyril. "Formalisation des nombres algébriques : construction et théorie du premier ordre." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00780446.
Full textBourgeois, Bénédicte. "La théorie des nombres dans l’œuvre de J. -L. Lagrange." Paris 13, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA132023.
Full textMarie-Jeanne, Frédéric. "Propriétés arithmétiques de la fonction d’Euler et généralisations." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10296.
Full textMaksoud, Alexandre. "Théorie d’Iwasawa des motifs d’Artin." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I026/document.
Full textThis thesis studies from the viewpoint of cyclotomic Iwasawa theory certain non-critical Artin motives (in the sense of Deligne), and in particular those attached to classical weight one modular forms that are regular at p. Firstly we define a Selmer group, and show that it is torsion on the corresponding Iwasawa algebra. We then compute the constant term of its caracteristic series in terms of p-adic logarithms of global units, under some mild assumptions. We also highlight a phenomenon of trivial zeros à la Mazur-Tate-Teitelbaum. Secondly we construct a p-adic L-function by deformation by means of Hida theory. Finally we formulate a Iwasawa Main Conjecture for such Artin motives. We show that it follows from the Iwasawa Main Conjecture for ordinary modular forms of weight greater than or equal to 2, and we inconditionally prove one divisibility of our Conjecture
Roussine, Sophie. "Sur le lambda-invariant des corps de nombres." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2054.
Full textThis PhD report deals with the study of the Iwasawa lambda invariant λp(K) when p is an odd prime and K is an abelian number field over Q. At first, only the case where K is an imaginary quadratic field is considered. Let's remind us K. Horie's result : for a fixed prime number p, there are infinitely many imagi-nary quadratic fields K such that λp(K) = 0 ; and R. Greenberg's conjecture : λp(K) is not bounded when K runs over the set of imaginary quadratic fields and p runs over the set of prime numbers. In this PhD report, a criterion is given to determine if λp(K) = 1 when p is a fixed odd prime and K is an imaginary quadratic field in which p splits. This result is obtained via a fine study of a theorem of R. Gold. Then, in an other chapter, by analogy with results in function fields, a conjecture is formulated on the existence of a constant C(p) depending on p such that for every abelian number field K we would have λp(K) ≤ C(p)dKlog(dK) where dK is the absolute discriminant of the field K. The optimality of such a bound is studied, as well as how it is related to other conjectures
Laurent, Arthur. "Autour des nombres de Tamagawa." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858435.
Full textGoaoc, Xavier. "Nombres de Helly, théorèmes d'épinglement et projection de complexes simpliciaux." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00650204.
Full textThomé, Emmanuel. "Théorie algorithmique des nombres et applications à la cryptanalyse de primitives cryptographiques." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765982.
Full textAkriche, Mouadh. "Nombres de Betti des surfaces elliptiques réelles." Chambéry, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CHAMS054.
Full textReal surfaces of Kodaira dimension 1, or more precisely the slightly larger class of real elliptic surfaces, form the only class of real algebraic surfaces of special type whose topological classification is not achieved. We give a complete answer to the question of possible values of Betti numbers of the real part of real regular elliptic surfaces with real section, for each complex family. In particular, we find again well-known answers for this question, in the case of rational elliptic or elliptic K3 surfaces
Nilsson, Johan. "On numbers badly approximable by q-adic rationals [Sur les nombres mal approximables par les nombres q-adiques]." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00273870.
Full textGrandet, Marc. "Sur les Zl-extensions d'un corps de nombres." Toulouse 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990TOU30041.
Full textBroglio, Annie. "Prédiction par automates." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11385.
Full textPruniéras, Jean. "Ensembles [oméga] et applications." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA132024.
Full textThis thesis defines the set concept [omega] and proposes its application to problems which are not directly linked to each other
Gagné, Marie 1961. "1968, théorie et praxis de "Tel quel" dans "Logiques" et "Nombres" de Sollers." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63765.
Full textHennecart, François. "Contribution à la théorie additive des nombres : quelques questions sur les bases d'entiers." Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10507.
Full textIslim, Iman. "Sur les unités et les polyèdres de Klein en théorie algèbrique des nombres." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22032.
Full textCaputo, Luca. "Sur la structure des noyaux sauvages étales des corps de nombres." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13780/document.
Full textThe aim of the present work is to prove some results about étale wild kernels. Let $p$ be an odd prime. Etale wild kernels of a number field $F$ (which are denoted $WK^{ét}_{2i}(F)$ for $i\in \mathbb{Z}$) are cohomological generalizations of the $p$-part of the classical wild kernel $WK_{2}(F)$, which is the subgroup of $K_2(F)$ made up by symbols which are trivial for any local Hilbert symbol. Etale wild kernels are $\mathbb{Z}_p$-modules which are known to be finite if $i\geq1$ (and even if $i=0$, depending on the chosen convention): actually they are conjectured to be always finite (the Schneider conjecture). In the following we will suppose that this is always the case. Two problems are studied in detail. The first, which is analyzed in Chapter 2 and Chapter 3, is to determine which group structures are realizable for étale wild kernels. In other words, given a number field $F$, a finite abelian $p$-group $X$ and $i\in \mathbb{Z}$, one can ask if there exists a finite extension $E/F$ such that $WK^{ét}_{2i}(E)\cong X$. A similar problem has been studied for $p$-class groups and there are precise relations between the $p$-class group and étale wild kernels. Therefore one may expect to translate results from $p$-class groups to étale wild kernels. It is maybe useful to give here a short account on the classical realizability problem for $p$-class groups. Essentially two kind of techniques are used. On the one hand, for a fixed number field $F$, one studies the Hilbert $p$-class field tower of $F$: it has been shown by Yahagi that the Hilbert $p$-class tower of $F$ is infinite if and only if there is no finite extension $E/F$ whose $p$-class group is trivial. Furthermore, if the Hilbert $p$-class tower of $F$ is finite, then every finite abelian $p$-group structure appears as $p$-class group of some finite extension $E/F$. On the other hand, once we know that for a fixed number field $F$ there exists a finite extension whose $p$-class group is trivial, then class field theory and genus theory are used to exhibit, for any finite abelian $p$-group $X$, a finite extension $E/F$ such that the $p$-class group of $E$ is isomorphic to $X$. Actually, the translation of Yahagi's result in terms of étale wild kernels is not immediate: the relation between the class groups and étale wild kernels of a number field $F$ is expressed in terms of $\Gamma$-modules structures, where $\Gamma$ is the Galois group over $F$ of the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension of $F(\mu_p)$. The most natural way to approach the problem is then to consider the realizability problem for Iwasawa modules. This problem is studied (among many others) by Ozaki: he proved that for any finite $\Lambda$-module $X$, there exists a number field $k$ such that the Iwasawa module of $k$ (i.e. the projective limit of $p$-class groups along the cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_p$-extension) is isomorphic to $X$. The techniques used are inspired to those by Yahagi and actually Ozaki makes fundamental use of the fact that $p$ does not divide the class number of $\mathbb{Q}$. To get the translation of this result in terms of étale wild kernels one has to consider $\mathbb{Q}(\mu_p)$ -more precisely a suitable subfield of $\mathbb{Q}(\mu_p)$ depending on $i$- instead of $\mathbb{Q}$. Here the problem is that the class number of this suitable subfield is no more coprime with $p$ (as $p$ may be irregular). If this is not the case anyway, the proof of Ozaki can be adapted as it is shown in Chapter 2
Gama, Nicolas. "Géométrie des nombres et cryptanalyse de NTRU." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077199.
Full textPublic-key cryptography, invented by Diffie and Hellman in 1976, is now part of everyday life: credit cards, game consoles and electronic commerce are using public key schemes. The security of certain cryptosystems, like NTRU, is based on problems arising from the geometry of numbers, including the shortest vector problem or the closest vector problem in Euclidean lattices. While these problems are mostly NP-hard, it is still possible to compute good approximations in practice. In this thesis, we study approximation algorithms for these lattice reduction problems, which operate either in proved polynomial time, or more generally in reasonable time. We first analyze the functioning of these algorithms from a theoretical point of view, which allows us to build for example, the best proved algorithm for its complexity and the quality of its results. But we also study the practical aspects, through a lot of simulations, which allows us to highlight an important difference between properties of complexity and quality that we can prove, and those (much better) that can be achieved in practice. These simulations also allow us to correctly predict the actual behavior of lattice reduction algorithms. We study these algorithms first in the general case, and then we show how to make specialized versions for the very particular lattices drawn from NTRU cryptosystem
Herreng, Thomas. "Étude de la structure galoisienne des unités dans les corps de nombres." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2065.
Full textThe well-known normal basis theorem gives the Galois structure of a Galois number field extension, thus raising the question for arithmetic modules within. This dissertation is concerned with two fundamental such objects, namely the ring of integers and the group of units linked to the class group. We start with recalling the Galois structure of the former. The study of the latter requires different techniques and occupies the major part of the dissertation. At first, using Iwasawa theory, we obtain results on the Galois structure of isotypical components for a certain class of extensions. Susenquently, we construct new groups of units by means of Euler systems and prove that they coincide with the cyclotomic units in some cases
Varescon, Firmin. "Calculs explicites en théorie d'Iwasawa." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2019/document.
Full textIn the first chapter of this thesis we explain Leopoldt's conjecture and some equivalent formulations. Then we give an algorithm that checks this conjecture for a given prime p and a number field. Next we assume that this conjecture is true, and we study the torsion part of the Galois group of the maximal abelian p-ramified p-extension of a given number field. We present a method to compute the invariant factors of this finite group. In the third chapter we give an interpretation of our numrical result by heuristics “à la” Cohen-Lenstra. In the fourth and last chapter, using our algorithm which computes this torsion submodule, we give new examples of numbers fields which satisfy Greenberg's conjecture
Vauclair, David. "Conjecture de Greenberg généralisée et capitulation dans les Zp-extensions d'un corps de nombres." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012074.
Full textparticulièrement à la conjecture de Greenberg généralisée (multiple) (GG). Après avoir relié celle-ci à différents problèmes de capitulation pour certains groupes de cohomologie p-adiques en degré 2, nous proposons une version faible (GGf) de (GG) dont nous montrons la validité, pour tout corps de nombres F contenant une racine primitive p-ième de l'unité et un corps quadratique imaginaire dans lequel (p) se décompose, du moment que F vérifie la conjecture de Leopoldt. Les outils développés permettent de retrouver et de généraliser (notamment dans des Zp-extensions autre que la Zp-extension
cyclotomique) un certain nombre de résultats classiques en théorie d'Iwasawa.
Chen, Gongliang. "Méthode de Baker pour les grands degrés de transcendance et relations de dépendance linéaire pour des logarithmes de nombres algébriques." Saint-Etienne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993STET4023.
Full textBarat, Guy. "Echelles de numération et fonctions arithmétiques associées." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11057.
Full textHindry, Marc. "Géométrie et hauteurs dans les groupes algébriques." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066011.
Full textGambini, Ian. "Quant aux carrés carrelés." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX22083.
Full textDaili, Noureddine. "Contribution à l'étude des densités." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991STR13116.
Full textOon, Shea Ming. "Construction des suites binaires pseudo-aléatoires." Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0017_OON.pdf.
Full textThis thesis presents some constructions of pseudo-random sequences inspired by natural questions in number theory. We use two measures introduced by A. Sárközy et C. Mauduit to discuss some aspects of a priori testing of these sequences. They are the well-distribution measure and correlation measure of order k. On the one hand, thanks to a work of A. Weil, some Dirichlet characters give a large family of interesting examples of constructions. On the other hand, our study on a construction based on the distribution of the greatest prime factors do not supply any sufficiently exploitable estimate. However, we observe the bias on some congruence classes of prime factors. We also discuss some probability aspects of both measures. A brief history on the randomness is presented to help better comprehension, as well as some subjects in cryptology which are given in an appendix
Juin, Gérard. "Autour de la fonction [omega]/." Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0053.
Full textRassemusse-Genet, Gwenaëlle. "Inclusion d'algèbres de Hecke et nombres de décomposition." Paris 7, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006398.
Full textLe, Borgne Jérémy. "Représentations galoisiennes et φ-modules : aspects algorithmiques." Rennes 1, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00720023.
Full textWe study algorithmic aspects of the theory of modular representations of p-adic Galois groups. For this purpose, one of the tools introduced by Fontaine is the theory of φ-modules. A φ-module over a field K of positive characteristic is the data of a finite-dimensional vector space over K, endowed with an endomorphism φ that is semilinear with respect to the Frobenius morphism on K. The category of representations of the absolute galois group of K with coefficients in a finite field is equivalent to that of étale φ-modules over K. The aim of the works collected here is to give algorithms to describe the representation associated to a given φ-module as completely as possible. First, we study the φ-modules over finite fields, which allows us new results describing the so-called skew polynomials over a finite field. These are objets used for example in the theory of error-correcting codes. We improve a part of the algorithm of Giesbrecht for the factorizations of these polynomials. We consider the category of φ-modules over a field of formal power series of characteristic p. We give a classification of the simple objects of this category when the residue field is algebraically closed. We describe an efficient algorithm to decompose a φ-module with isocline φ-modules. We give applications to the algorithmic study of p-torsion representations of p-adic Galois groups
Ferenczi, Sébastien. "Systèmes de rang fini." Aix-Marseille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX22016.
Full textBourgade, Paul. "À propos des matrices aléatoires et des fonctions L." Paris, ENST, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00373735.
Full textA probabilistic view of the Keating Snaith conjecture, about the moments of the number theoretic L-functions, is given. Our method is also applied to models of particle systems with an asymetric repulsion. Finally, we give the mesoscopic fluctuations of the zeros of the Riemann zeta function, confirming the analogy with the statistics of eigenvalues of random matrices
Fontanella, Laura. "Grandes propriétés pour petits cardinaux." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077158.
Full textThe result is presented in this thesis concem two combinatorial properties called the "Strong tree property" and the "Super tree property". These properties provide a useful characterization of the two notions of strong compactness and supercompactness. Indeed, an inaccessible cardinal is strongly compact if and only if it has the strong tree property; it is supercompact if and only if it has the super tree property. Nevertheless, the strong and the super tree properties can be satisfied even by small cardinals. In this thesis we prove two theorems. The first one establishes that if we assume the existence of infinitely many supercompact cardinals, then there is a model of set theory wliere the super tree property holds at every cardinal of the form aleph_n, where n is an integer larger than one. The second theorem establishes that if we assume the existence of infinitely many compact cardinals, then there is a model of set theory where even aleph omega-plus-one has the strong tree property
Sutanto. "Sur la décroissance de la fonction de concentration de la somme de variables aléatoires indépendantes." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12405.
Full textRazafindrasoanaivolala, A. Arthur Bonkli. "Sur les diviseurs milieux d'un entier." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/68973.
Full textChampagne, Jérémy. "Approximation diophantienne avec contrainte d’angles." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42504.
Full textMenares, Ricardo. "Nombres d'intersection arithmétiques et opérateurs de Hecke sur les courbes modulaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00360171.
Full textCette thèse s'inscrit dans l'étude des opérateurs de Hecke en tant que correspondances sur les courbes modulaires X_0(N). D'une part, nous étudions la relation entre l'algèbre de Hecke et la théorie d'Arakelov; d'autre part, nous entreprenons un début d'étude de la dynamique de l'action des opérateurs de Hecke sur l'ensemble des courbes elliptiques supersingulières.
On considère la courbe modulaire X_0(N) munie de la métrique de Poincaré (métrique hyperbolique). Cette métrique présente des singularités aux points elliptiques et pointes. On suppose que N est sans facteurs carrés. On note XN le modèle entier de cette courbe donné par l'interprétation modulaire étudiée par Deligne et Rapoport. On définit un groupe de Chow arihmétique généralisé CH(N) tel que ses éléments sont représentés par des couples (D,g) avec D un diviseur de Weil sur XN et g un courant de Green admissible pour la métrique de Poincaré. J.-B. Bost et U. Kühn ont développé, de manière indépendante, des généralisations de la théorie d'intersection arithmétique d'Arakelov qui fournissent une forme bilinéaire à valeurs réelles sur CH(N) x CH(N) dans ce cadre où la métrique est singulière. On étudie aussi une version à coefficients réels et à équivalence numérique près de CH(N), que l'on note CH(N)*.
Nous montrons dans cette thèse que les correspondances de Hecke agissent sur CH(N) et que cette action est autoadjointe par rapport à la forme bilinéaire de Bost-Kühn. Ceci permet de diagonaliser cette action sur CH(N)* et de définir ses sous-espaces propres. Ensuite nous étudions le faisceau dualisant relatif, considéré comme un élément de CH(N)*, ainsi que sa décomposition selon les sous-espaces propres. Nous calculons l'auto-intersection de la composante propre correspondante à la pointe à l'infini en utilisant des résultats d'Ulf Kühn.
L'action des opérateurs de Hecke sur les fibres spéciales de XN définit une dynamique qui preserve les points supersinguliers. Nous nous intéressons à étudier cette action sur les points supersinguliers des fibres de bonne réduction et nous calculons, à l'aide des résultats de Deuring et Eichler, la fréquence asymptotique avec laquelle un point supersingulier donné visite un autre point du même type.
Stambul, Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés arithmétiques des fractions continuées." Aix-Marseille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX11002.
Full textSiegel, Anne. "Analyse de systèmes dynamiques par discrétisation. Exemples d'applications en théorie des nombres et en biologie moléculaire." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00358996.
Full textLes premiers systèmes considérés sont des automorphismes et des translations sur un tore. Inspirés par les cas unidimensionnels (beta-numération, étude des suites sturmiennes), la question principale qui se pose est de trouver un domaine fondamental pour le tore dans lequel les trajectoires de la dynamique considérée se codent par des systèmes symboliques simples. Dans le cas où l'automorphisme du tore considéré admet une unique direction dilatante (le cas Pisot), un bon candidat pour ces partitions est donné par un domaine dont la base est fractale, introduit par G. Rauzy dans les années 1980. Nous décrivons comment une approche décidable pour décrire le bord fractal du domaine et ses propriétés de pavage, permet de s'assurer qu'il s'agit d'un domaine adéquat pour un codage du l'automorphisme. La description du bord du domaine permet de décrire ses propriétés topologiques, et de les exploiter dans les différents domaines d'informatique théorique où les automorphismes et les additions sur un tore apparaissent. Ainsi, en théorie des nombres, nous nous appuyons sur la topologie du domaine pour caractériser les propriétés des développements finis ou purement périodiques de rationnels en base non entière. En géométrie discrète, ces propriétés s'interprètent en termes de conditions pour l'engendrement de plans discrets par des méthodes itératives.
La deuxième classe de systèmes concerne les systèmes dynamiques de grande échelle en biologie moléculaire. Il s'avère que les données et les connaissances sur les modèles de régulations transcriptionnelles dans une cellule sont souvent trop partielles pour leur appliquer les méthodes usuellement utilisées pour la modélisation de systèmes expérimentaux. Dans ce document, nous discutons d'un formalisme (inspiré par la dynamique) qui permet d'interpréter les observations en biologie moléculaire, pour aider à la correction de modèles, et, dans le futur, à la mise en place de plans expérimentaux. Au vu de la qualité des données, les aspects dynamiques sont alors remplacés par des considérations sur les déplacements d'états stationnaires, et analyser les données revient à formaliser puis résoudre des contraintes portant sur des ensembles discrets. Nous montrons ainsi comment aborder les notions de corrections de modèles et de diagnostic de réseaux grande échelle.
Verwee, Johann. "Théorèmes d'Erdös-Wintner effectifs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0180.
Full textNatural integers lend themselves to multiple forms of representation. Among the most fundamental are prime factors decomposition and representation in a numeral system. The literature has there- fore naturally been interested in associated morphisms, that is, arithmetic functions that respect the underlying structures. Additive functions transport the multiplicative structure of N∗ to the additive structure of C; additive q-additive functions transport the q-adic representation to this same additive structure of the complex number field. The famous Erd˝os-Wintner theorem provides a complete answer to the question of the existence of a limit distribution law for additive functions. Analogous statements have been established for other representation systems, such as q-adic or Cantor representations. A partial version is known for the representation in the Zeckendorf base. In this work we propose on the one hand to complete this last statement and, on the other hand, to establish effective versions of the above theorems
Salle, Landry. "Présentation de groupes de Galois de pro-p-extensions de corps de nombres." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/862/.
Full textIn this thesis we determine new situations where some algebraic invariants of the Galois group of a pro-p-extension of a number field can be estimated. First we consider the Galois groups of extensions with restricted ramification above the cyclotomic -extension of a number field. By class field theory, we generalize Jaulent's results on the -rank of the abelianization of such a group. Then, we make use of Chafarevitch and Koch's methods to give the number of generators and to bound the number of relations. We are led to introduce a so-called Kummer group, which gives a bound of the defect of a local-global principle, and we find some sufficient conditions to annihilate it. In the second part, we intend to find some new mild pro-p-groups : such groups, which have been studied in an arithmetical setting by Labute, have cohomological dimension lower than 2. We generalize results by Wingberg on groups with restricted ramification and prescribed decomposition. In particular, such groups are exhibited in the case of mixed ramification. The method applies as well in the case of function fields. In the last part we focus on the case p=2 with an imaginary quadratic field as a base field. First we generalize results of Ferrero and Kida on Iwasawa invariants to the case of tamely ramified extensions. Then we give, in some special cases, a presentation of the Galois group of the maximal S-ramified pro-2-extension over the cyclotomic-extension of the base field, using a method of Mizusawa
Pinochet, Lobos Antoine. "Théorèmes ergodiques, actions de groupes et représentations unitaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0228.
Full textIn this thesis, we first study the notion of discrepance, which measures the rate of convergence of ergodic means. We prove estimations for the discrepancy of actions on the sphere, the torus and the Bernoulli shift, as well as for actions of locally compact groups. Moreover, we prove an inequality that allows us to locate these discrepancies in the larger framework of the Monte-Carlo method. We consider the action of the free group on the boundary of its Cayley tree. We prove a convergence theorem of some means associated with this action, that only preserves the class of the natural measures on this boundary. We recover the previously known result that the unitary representation associated to it is irreducible. We then investigate the Howe-Moore property. Groups that satisfy it have the property that whenever they act ergodically on some probability space, then the action is mixing ; unfortunately, this property is not stable by direct products. We formulate a generalization of the Howe-Moore property, relying on an axiomatization of the Mautner phenomenon, that allows us to treat the case of products. Finally, we prove that every lattice inherits the radial rapid decay property, and give an explicit example of a discrete group, endowed with a natural length function which is quasi-isometric to a word-length, that has RRD but doesn't have RD