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1
Johnen, Thomas. "Les FNA en français et en portugais: considérations théoriques et analyses fonctionnelles dans des débats médiatiques électoraux au Brésil, au Portugal et en France." Université de Savoie, 2014. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A36141.
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Ziel dieses Beitrags ist die Untersuchung der Funktionen und Verwendung nominaler Anredeformen in drei Fernsehwahldebatten in Brasilien, Frankreich und Portugal.<br>Cette étude a pour objectif de comparer la façon dont sont utilisées les formes nominales d’adresse dans des débats télévisés au Portugal, au Brésil et en France à partir de l’exemple des débats du second tour des élections présidentielles de 1986 au Portugal (entre Diogo Pinto de Freitas do Amaral et Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares), de 2006 au Brésil (entre Luíz Inácio Lula da Silva et Geraldo José Rodrigues Alckmin Filho) et de 2007 en France (entre Ségolène Royal et Nicolas Sarkozy). Il s’agit donc d’une comparaison « cross-culturelle » impliquant d’une part, deux langues différentes (le portugais et le français) et d’autre part, deux variantes d’une langue « pluricentrique » (Baxter, 1992), à savoir le portugais européen et le portugais brésilien.
2
Matloga, Eric Matladi. "Forms of address in Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49729.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study investigates the use of address form in Tshivenda. Chapter one concentrates
on aims of study, data collection and the organisation of study.
Chapter two concentrates on various studies which deal with forms of address in different
communities. They introduce forms of address as a routine between people who are
embedded in the socio-cultural context of society.
Chapter three deals with the informal use of forms of address. This includes names,
pronouns and kinship terms. Different names deal with Tshivenda names and Non-
Tshivenda names, and the way they are used in different context as a form of address.
The controversial use of a pronoun as a form of address is also taken into account as well
as kinship terms as a form of address in family where forms are applied in informal
situation. [Where the place is unstructured and they are applied in the traditional way.]
Chapter four investigates the formal use of address in a structured situation, this covers
titles, occupations, special address forms and innovations. Titles are used in a more
structured situation. They show social rank or official position such as Doctors, Professors
etc. Occupational terms are connected with a person's job. These are terms like nurses,
teachers etc. The special forms of address are used in certain occasions where the
sender uses an unpopular form of address, uses new techniques and they are practised
by elite class, who tries to change the status quo.
Chapter five gives the main conclusions of the thesis.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die gebruik van aanspreekvorme in Tshivenda. Hoofstuk een
konsentreer op die doelstellings van die studie, die versameling van data en die
organisasie van die studie.
Hoofstuk twee konsentreer op verskillende studies wat handel oor aanspreekvorme in
verskillende gemeenskappe. Hulle sluit in aanspreekvorme soos gewoonlik gebruik
tussen mense wat vas gewortel is in die sosio-kulturele konteks van die gemeenskap.
Hoofstuk drie handel oor die gebruik van informele aanspreekvorme. Dit sluit in name,
voornaamwoorde en verwantskapsterme. Dit sluit in Venda en nie-Venda name in
verskillende kontekste. Die gebruik van 'n voornaamwoord in aanspreekvorme word ook
belangrik geag sowel as verwantskapsterme in familie waar vorme gebruik word in
informele situasie.
Hoofstuk vier ondersoek die formele gebruik van aanspreekvorme in 'n strukturele
situasie. Die sluit in titel, beroepe, spesiale vorme en innovasie. Titels word gebruik in In
strukturele situasie. Hulle verwys na sosiale posisie of amptelike posisie soos dokters,
professors ens. Die spesiale vorme word gebruik in omstandighede waar die sender die
ongewone vorm gebruik vir die ontvanger. Innovatiewe vorme gebruik nuwe tegnieke en
hulle word beoefen deur die hoer klas, wat probeer om die status quo te verander.
Hoofstuk vyf gee die bevindinge van die tesis.
3
Dickey, Eleanor. "Greek forms of address : from Herodotus to Lucian /." Oxford [u.a.] : Clarendon Press, 2003. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0606/96013439-d.html.
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4
Sinnott, Sarah T. "Address Forms in Castilian Spanish: Convention and Implicature." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1275449503.
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5
Mahnmoodan, Atena. "The Semantics and Pragmatics of Address forms in Persian." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for språk og litteratur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-24096.
Full textAbstract:
In Persian, there is a tendency to use plural pronouns instead of singular pronouns in order to show respect and politeness to either the addressee or some other individual referred to (2nd or 3rd person). The choice of such plural or singular forms (called T-V forms by Brown and Gilman 1966) in Persian is a challenging subject that has not been discussed enough so far. Although every native speaker of Persian unconsciously knows when such polite address forms can occur, it has turned out to be an amazingly complicated task to explicitly state the sufficient and necessary conditions for appropriate use of these forms in Persian. This thesis is an attempt to address this issue. The main objectives in this study are to: 1) Determine the contextual conditions when a plural form (i.e. pronoun, agreement marker or enclitic) is used to refer to a singular entity in contemporary Persian; 2) Investigate the relative influence of sociolinguistic features such as gender difference, age distance, power distance, solidarity, formality (relative distance), and mood shifting in the choice of pronominals in Persian and determine the factors that influence pronoun switching; and 3) Diagnose whether the choice of plural or polite referring forms in Persian is addressee oriented or referent oriented with respect to the T-V distinction. The present study mainly built on the sociolinguistic methodology of Ervin-Tripp (1976), Keshavarz’s study in forms of post-revolutionary Persian address forms (1988 and 2001) and Nanbakhsh (2011) dissertation on Persian address pronouns and politeness in interaction. The data analysis section is transcribed from a movie called ˈA separationˈ written and directed by Asghar Farhadi (2011). The film data analysis part consists of 8 episodes where each episode has special location, participant (interlocutors) and a topic (situation). I will investigate the choice of pronominal forms in this section with respect to the following six features: Age distance, gender difference, power distance, solidarity, mood and formality (relative distance). The secondary objectives of this research are based on a quantitative analysis of the film data. The distribution of the social features of the film data indicates that quantitatively, formality with 35% as a mean percentage is the most significant feature of the analysis with the reciprocal V form (plural honorific). The mood shifting with (26.5%) had the second place on converting the expected V to the T form (singular, non-honorific) or vice versa. The age difference feature with (12%) is the third most influential feature that has influence on the reciprocal T or V forms. The solidarity feature with (17%) has the fourth place in causing the reciprocal T form. The gender difference feature with (7%) has the fifth place on appearance of the reciprocal V form and the power distance feature with (2.5%) has the least influence on the non-reciprocal V form. Therefore I conclude that formality feature is more significant than power distance in the choice of Persian T-V forms. (There could be other hidden features (variables) that I have not considered in this analysis and they might cause errors in my study.) Regarding the T/V mismatching, I have found that the anger mood in order to show sarcasm is one of the reasons for it and the other cause of mismatching is to increase solidarity. Concerning the third objective of this research, the qualitative analysis indicates that the choice of plurality and politeness in the formal situation was mostly addressee oriented and it was mostly under the superior power of the judge. The first research objective is an overall question that will be clarified after consideration of the answers to the other two issues mentioned. This work will contribute to a broader understanding of how politeness governs Persian communication and how this interacts with pragmatics.
6
Mahmoodan, Atena. "The Semantics and Pragmatics of Address forms in Persian." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for språk og litteratur, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26739.
Full textAbstract:
In Persian, there is a tendency to use plural pronouns instead of singular pronouns in order to show respect and politeness to either the addressee or some other individual referred to (2nd or 3rd person). The choice of such plural or singular forms (called T-V forms by Brown and Gilman 1966) in Persian is a challenging subject that has not been discussed enough so far. Although every native speaker of Persian unconsciously knows when such polite address forms can occur, it has turned out to be an amazingly complicated task to explicitly state the sufficient and necessary conditions for appropriate use of these forms in Persian. This thesis is an attempt to address this issue. The main objectives in this study are to: 1) Determine the contextual conditions when a plural form (i.e. pronoun, agreement marker or enclitic) is used to refer to a singular entity in contemporary Persian; 2) Investigate the relative influence of sociolinguistic features such as gender difference, age distance, power distance, solidarity, formality (relative distance), and mood shifting in the choice of pronominals in Persian and determine the factors that influence pronoun switching; and 3) Diagnose whether the choice of plural or polite referring forms in Persian is addressee oriented or referent oriented with respect to the T-V distinction. The present study mainly built on the sociolinguistic methodology of Ervin-Tripp (1976), Keshavarz’s study in forms of post-revolutionary Persian address forms (1988 and 2001) and Nanbakhsh (2011) dissertation on Persian address pronouns and politeness in interaction. The data analysis section is transcribed from a movie called ˈA separationˈ written and directed by Asghar Farhadi (2011). The film data analysis part consists of 8 episodes where each episode has special location, participant (interlocutors) and a topic (situation). I will investigate the choice of pronominal forms in this section with respect to the following six features: Age distance, gender difference, power distance, solidarity, mood and formality (relative distance). The secondary objectives of this research are based on a quantitative analysis of the film data. The distribution of the social features of the film data indicates that quantitatively, formality with 35% as a mean percentage is the most significant feature of the analysis with the reciprocal V form (plural honorific). The mood shifting with (26.5%) had the second place on converting the expected V to the T form (singular, non-honorific) or vice versa. The age difference feature with (12%) is the third most influential feature that has influence on the reciprocal T or V forms. The solidarity feature with (17%) has the fourth place in causing the reciprocal T form. The gender difference feature with (7%) has the fifth place on appearance of the reciprocal V form and the power distance feature with (2.5%) has the least influence on the non-reciprocal V form. Therefore I conclude that formality feature is more significant than power distance in the choice of Persian T-V forms. (There could be other hidden features (variables) that I have not considered in this analysis and they might cause errors in my study.) Regarding the T/V mismatching, I have found that the anger mood in order to show sarcasm is one of the reasons for it and the other cause of mismatching is to increase solidarity. Concerning the third objective of this research, the qualitative analysis indicates that the choice of plurality and politeness in the formal situation was mostly addressee oriented and it was mostly under the superior power of the judge. The first research objective is an overall question that will be clarified after consideration of the answers to the other two issues mentioned. This work will contribute to a broader understanding of how politeness governs Persian communication and how this interacts with pragmatics.
7
Jaime, Jimenez Elena. "Variable use of plural address forms in Andalusian Spanish." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu153124117847719.
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Hotta, Ryuichi. "The development of the nominal plural forms in early Middle English." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.419184.
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Dickey, Eleanor. "Greek forms of address : a linguistic analysis of selected prose authors." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386426.
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Walsh, Yuliya. "FORMS OF ADDRESS IN CONTEMPORARY UKRAINIAN NEWSPAPERS: Morphology, Gender and Pragmatics." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397785889.
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Nevala, Minna. "Address en early English correspondence : its forms and socio-pragmatic functions /." Helsinki : Société néophilologique, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb400682873.
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Poynton, Cate. "Address and the semiotics of social relations a systemic-functional account of address forms and practices in Australian English /." Connect to full text, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2297.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 1991.<br>Title from title screen (viewed 23 April 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Linguistics, Faculty of Arts. Degree awarded 1991; thesis submitted 1990. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.
13
Wong, Suk Yee Julia. "Nicknames in Hong Kong and England: Forms, functions, and their relation to personal names and other forms of address." Thesis, Open University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.503597.
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SANTOS, JANE CRISTINA DUARTE DOS. "THE PRONOUNS / FORMS OF ADDRESS IN PORTUGUESE AND BRAZILIAN CULTURE: SECOND LANGUAGE ACQUISITION AND SECOND CULTURE ACQUISITION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12215@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO<br>Este trabalho investiga a aquisição dos pronomes tu e você
e das formas de tratamento no português como segunda língua
e a aquisição da cultura brasileira como segunda cultura.
Objetivou-se identificar e caracterizar os fatores gerais
(afetivos e sociais) envolvidos no processo de aquisição,
caracterizar as estratégias de aprendizagem utilizadas,
verificar como os fatores gerais influenciam as estratégias
de aprendizagem usadas e analisar como esses fatores
influenciam na aquisição da segunda cultura. Foram
utilizadas importantes obras que usam o Modelo Sócio-
Educacional de aquisição de segunda língua, além de
outras que abordam os conceitos de aquisição de segunda
cultura. Com os dados da pesquisa, verificou-se que: (i)
grande parte dos alunos estrangeiros que vêm estudar no
Brasil apresenta uma motivação integrativa; (ii) uma das
estratégias de aprendizagem utilizada por esses alunos é a
interação com os brasileiros; (iii) a atitude positiva
diante da interação com os brasileiros e da exposição à
cultura brasileira auxilia a aquisição da língua e da
cultura. Por outro lado, a atitude foi o ponto principal do
estudo, distanciando-se, um pouco, da teoria abordada.
Ainda assim, foi possível constatar que o sucesso da
aquisição da Língua Portuguesa vem acompanhado da aquisição
da cultura brasileira. A pesquisa e o resultado encontrado
podem auxiliar professores e pesquisadores na elaboração
de novos materiais didáticos e no aperfeiçoamento de
metodologias para o ensino do PL2-E.<br>This work investigates the acquisition of the pronouns tu
and você and other forms of address in Portuguese as a
second language, and the acquisition of Brazilians culture
as a second culture. It was aimed to identify and
characterize general factors (affective and social ones)
involved in the acquisition process, to characterize the
learning strategies used, to verify the way general factors
influence the learning strategies used and to analyse the
ways those factors influence on the second culture
acquisition. Important masterpieces were used -
some that use the socio-educational model of acquisition of
a second language, among others that approach the concept
of second culture acquisition. With the data provided by
this research, it was verified that: (i) a significant part
of foreign students who came to Brazil to study presents an
integrative motivation; (ii) one of the learning strategies
used for foreign students is the interaction with
Brazilians; (iii) the positive attitude toward the
interaction with Brazilians and the exposition to Brazilian
culture helps the language and culture acquisition. On
the other hand, the attitude was the major point of this
research, just getting a little bit far from the theory
used. Even this way, it was possible to notice that
the success on Portuguese language acquisition comes
together with Brazilian culture acquisition. The research
and the results found can help teachers and researches on
the elaboration of new pedagogical material and on the
improvement of new methodologies for teaching PL2-E.
15
CORREA, ELISA FIGUEIRA DE SOUZA. "KINSHIP ADDRESS FORMS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN JAPANESE AND PORTUGUESE WITH APPLICABILITY IN PORTUGUESE AS A SECOND LANGUAGE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2011. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=21722@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>O presente trabalho investiga formas de tratamento de parentesco em uma
comparação entre o japonês e o português do Brasil com aplicabilidade no ensino
de Português como Segunda Língua para Estrangeiros (PL2E). Tanto na língua
japonesa quanto na língua portuguesa é possível chamar, por exemplo, de tio
uma pessoa que não é realmente irmão ou cunhado dos seus pais, mas a maneira
de se utilizar esse e outros vocábulos de parentesco como tratamento difere em
cada uma dessas línguas. Dessa forma, com dados de revistas em quadrinhos
brasileiras e japonesas, analisa-se o uso de: avô, esposo, filho, irmão, neto, pai, tio
e suas respectivas formas femininas. A análise é feita com base em conceitos da
antropologia, do interculturalismo e da pragmática e confirma que há diferenças
entre o uso japonês e o brasileiro dos vocábulos de parentesco. Os resultados desta
pesquisa mostram quando, como e por que cada uma dessas formas é escolhida
pelos falantes para se referir a não-parentes.<br>This dissertation investigates kinship address forms in Japanese and in
Brazilian Portuguese, with applicability in Portuguese as a Second Language
classes. Both in Japanese language and Portuguese language it is possible, for
example, to use the word uncle to refer to a person who isn’t actually brother
nor brother-in-law of either your parents. Still, the way of using this and other
kinship words as address forms differ in these two languages. With data collected
from Japanese and Brazilian comic books, the use of the following kinship words
is analyzed: brother, father, grandfather, grandson, husband, son, uncle and its
respective feminine forms. The analysis is based in concepts from Anthropology,
Interculturalism and Pragmatics and it confirms that there are differences between
Japanese and Brazilian use of kinship words. The results of this research show
when, how and why each of these forms is chosen by the speaker to talk with a
non-relative.
16
Mioni, Lino. "The use of "Voi" and "Vostra Signoria" as forms of address in Giovan Battista Giraldi Cinzio's Carteggio." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1314291711.
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Sabbatorsi, Marjorie. "Les termes d'adresse dans des romans victoriens." Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL3004/document.
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Dans l'échange verbal entre plusieurs personnes, des termes en particulier sont souvent employés pour s'adresser à autrui : il s'agit des termes d'adresse. Ces termes peuvent être considérés comme créateurs de liens entre le langage et la société par le fait qu'ils fournissent des informations non sans intérêt sur la relation unissant les interlocuteurs. Il existe divers moyens de communiquer et de traduire une certaine forme de politesse, de familiarité, de distance, d'affection, de haine, etc., dont ces termes font partie. En plus de leur valeur sémantique, ils possèdent une valeur sociale et culturelle non négligeable.Les huit romans retenus dans cette étude, écrits par quatre grands écrivains de l'époque victorienne (Charlotte Brontë, Charles Dickens, George Eliot et Anthony Trollope), offrent au lecteur curieux un aperçu privilégié de la deuxième moitié du XIXème siècle. Outre l'aspect littéraire, les thèmes abordés en relation avec les événements de l'époque intéresseront le lecteur historien et le mode de vie et les mœurs décrits fourniront de précieux détails au lecteur sociologue, tous ces aspects étant également facilement accessibles au lecteur ordinaire. Cet examen synchronique des termes d'adresse permet, non seulement de montrer la pluralité des termes pouvant être utilisés en adresse directe, mais aussi de souligner l'importance des facteurs linguistiques, paralinguistiques et extra-linguistiques dans toute étude de cette nature<br>In verbal exchange between several speakers, a particular category of linguistic sign is frequently used when naming the participants: these are known as terms of address. Insofar as they provide information about the nature of the relation that unite the members of the group, these terms can be regarded as a means of creating links between language and society. They are also among the main contributors to the various systems implemented in the expression and communication of courtesy, familiarity, distance, affection, loathing, etc. Apart from their semantic value, they are of an indubitable socio-cultural interest.The eight novels, written by four major Victorian authors (Charlotte Brontë, Charles Dickens, George Eliot and Anthony Trollope) that have been chosen for this study, provide, for the curious reader, a precious insight into the second half of the nineteenth century. Of great appeal to the lay reader, the themes developed in their historical context – apart from the purely literary aspect – cannot fail to interest the social historian and the customs and conventions described contain precious data for the sociologist. This synchronic study of terms of address, not only reveals the plurality of the terms that are available in verbal exchange, but also underlines the importance of the linguistic, paralinguistic and extra-linguistic factors that should be taken into account in any study of this nature
18
Urbonaitė, Ugnė. "Forms of Address and Translation of Culture-Specific Items: A Study of the Translation of Carolyn Slaughter's "A Black Englishman" into Lithuanian." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080806_143707-54130.
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The aim of the present paper is to analyse how Antanina Banelytė translated pronouns of address of Carolyn Slaughter’s novel A Black Englishman into Lithuanian, mainly the proper analysis where she translated English you as polite Jūs into Lithuanian and where it is translated as familiar tu. What is more, the present paper consists of two topics, and the second topic concerns with what particular translation strategies Antanina Banelytė has applied for the translation of culture-specific items in the novel. The translation of pronouns of address and culture-specific items is presented as a difficult task, since English and Lithuanian languages have different pronoun systems and most of the culture-specific items from the novel are unfamiliar to the target text readers. Therefore, the task of the translator was to create a naturally sounding target text and still to preserve its local colour of the Indian culture.
In order to analyse the translator’s decisions in her translation theoretical framework is presented for both topics separately. First, forms of address in English and Lithuanian and their translation problems are discussed; then, current theories on translation of culture-specific items are presented. The analytical part on the translation of the pronouns of address was divided into two parts. In the first part, examples presenting pronoun forms used to address to a person of socially superior status are analysed; and in the second one the examples presenting the... [to full text]<br>Šio darbo tikslas išanalizuoti kaip Antanina Banelytė į lietuvių kalbą išvertė įvardžius naudojamus kaip kreipinius iš Carolyn Slaughter romano „A Black Englishman“ („Juodasis anglas“). Pagrindinis tikslas buvo ištirti, kodėl angliškas kreipinys „you“ vienur buvo verčiamas kaip mandagioji forma „Jūs“, o kitur kaip familiarus kreipimasis „tu“. Šis darbas gvildena dvi temas. Antroji šio darbo tema yra ištirti, kokias vertimo strategijas Antanina Banelytė pasitelkė versdama kultūrines realijas rastas nagrinėjamame romane. Abi šios užduotys pristatytos kaip labai sudėtingos, nes, visų pirma, anglų ir lietuvių kalbos turi skirtingas kreipinių formas; antra, dauguma kultūrinių realijų yra nepažįstamos lietuviško vertimo skaitytojams. Todėl, vertime buvo siekiama pateikti natūralų lietuvišką tekstą, bet tuo pačiu metu išsaugoti Indijos kultūros ypatumą.
Vertėjos sprendimams priimtiems vertimo metu pagrįsti buvo pateikta teorinė medžiaga kiekvienai šio darbo temai atskirai. Pirmiausia buvo aptarta angliškos ir lietuviškos kreipinių formos bei jų vertimo problematika. Po to buvo pristatytos plačiausiai vartojamos vertimo strategijos kultūrinėms realijoms versti. Analitinė darbo dalis, kurioje nagrinėjamos kreipinių formos vertime, susideda iš dviejų dalių. Pirmoje dalyje yra analizuojami pavyzdžiai kuriuose yra panaudoti kreipiniai kreipiantis į aukštesnės socialinės padėties asmenį. Antroje dalyje analizuojami pavyzdžiai kuriuose naudojamos kreipinių formos kreipiantis į... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
19
Kacsir, Marci Adair. "If I Had a Puppy." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1163219918.
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Silva, António Kingui. "Formas de tratamento no português de Angola. Estudo sociolinguístico." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28355.
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O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal descrever, pelo recurso ao enquadramento teórico e metodológico da sociolinguística variacionista (Labov, 2008[1972]), as formas de tratamento no português de Angola. Pretendemos, pois, demonstrar o comportamento linguístico dessas formas, com base em pesquisas que tratam esse fenómeno linguístico na língua portuguesa (OLIVEIRA, 2019; SILVA; LOPES e OSÓRIO, 2019; LOPES e MOTA, 2019; SILVA, 2018; SOUSA, 2018, 2013; LOPES, 2011; RAMOS, 1989) focadas, fundamentalmente, no cruzamento de fatores linguísticos e extralinguísticos, que, grosso modo, condicionam o uso de uma das formas em análise. Para a prossecução da investigação, associamos a sociolinguística variacionista aos princípios defendidos por Silva e Osório (2008), no sentido de se descrever o funcionamento das formas de tratamento através do jogo de comportamento de variáveis dependentes e independentes, que influenciam na variação e, igualmente, na escolha do tipo de forma: pronominal, nominal ou da mistura de tratamento (nominal e pronominal). A presente investigação, sob o ponto de vista metodológico, recorre, ainda, a uma análise quantitativa através da aplicação do Statistical Package for the Social Sciences – SPSS aos dados da amostra.
Os resultados obtidos permitiram-nos constatar que: (i) os pronomes de tratamento tu e você são favorecidos nas relações entre amiga(o)s, entre colegas de escola ou serviço, entre namorados e casais. Todavia, entre os dois, o pronome de tratamento você ocorre com maior frequência do que o pronome de tratamento tu nas distintas relações. Nessas mesmas relações, o tu registou um valor pouco significativo, com exceção no tratamento entre amiga(o)s; (ii) o pronome você é usado e aceite pelos falantes angolanos nas diferentes relações invocadas, sobretudo nas simétricas e, em algumas, mais ou menos assimétricas, ou seja, onde não há muita formalidade e os interlocutores não se distanciam em idade e posição social; (iii) os pronomes de tratamento senhor, senhora continuam a ser tradicionais nas relações entre pessoas desconhecidas de idade adulta, na rua ou em outros lugares, seguidos, timidamente, nas relações laborais, ou seja, de empregada(o) para patrão ou patroa, de clientes para empregada(o) e empregada(o) para clientes; (iv) o uso de cada tipo de formas de tratamento é motivado pelo caráter relacional entre os falantes e fatores extralinguísticos (faixa etária, nível de escolaridade e género); Abstract:
Forms of Address in Angolan Portuguese. Sociolinguistic Study
The present study aims to describe, by means of the theoretical and methodological framework of variationist sociolinguistics (Labov, 2008 [1972]), the forms of address of Angolan Portuguese. We intend, therefore, to demonstrate the linguistic behavior of these forms, based on researches that address this linguistic phenomenon in the Portuguese language (OLIVEIRA, 2019; SILVA; LOPES and OSÓRIO, 2019; LOPES and MOTA, 2019; SILVA, 2018; SOUSA, 2018, 2013; LOPES, 2011; RAMOS, 1989) focused on, fundamentally, the intersection of linguistic and extralinguistic factors, which roughly condition the use of one of the forms under analysis. In order to further the investigation, we associate variationist sociolinguistics with the principles defended by Silva and Osório (2008), in order to describe the functioning of the forms of address through the behavioral game of dependent and independent variables, which influence the variation and, equally, the choice of the type of form: pronominal, nominal mixed (nominal and pronominal). The present investigation, from the methodological point of view, also resorts to a quantitative analysis through the application of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS to the sample data.
The results allowed us to verify that: (i) the pronoun tu and você are favored in the relationships between friends, between school colleagues or co-workers and between couples. However, between the two, você occurs more frequently than tu do in the different relationships. In these same relationships, tu registered a minor significant value, except in the treatment between friends; (ii) the pronoun você is used and accepted by Angolan speakers in the aforementioned relationships, especially in symmetrical and, in some cases, more or less asymmetric ones, that is, where there is not much formality and the interlocutors are not distant in age and social position; (iii) the pronouns senhor, senhora continue to be traditional in relationships between unknown people of adult age, on the street or elsewhere, followed, timidly, in labour relations, that is, from employee to employer, from customer to employee and employee to customer; (iv) the use of each type of treatment forms is motivated by the relational character between the speakers and extralinguistic factors (age group, education level and gender).
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Alharbi, Tahani Ateeqallah A. "A socio-pragmatic study of forms of address and terms of reference in Classical Arabic as represented in the Chapter of Joseph in the Holy Quran." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/11127/.
Full textAbstract:
In a sociolinguistic-pragmatic framework, the Classical Arabic terms of address and forms of reference used by the members of the society of the story of the Prophet Joseph as presented in the Holy Quran are analysed. The addressing as well as the referring terms (nominal and pronominal) are, first, extracted from the Quranic text in order to explore their linguistic features with regard to number, case, and gender. They are, then, not interpreted in isolation, but in contexts to be tested against the common sociolinguistic variables (age, gender, setting and status). In addition, the collected data are discussed contextually as well as theoretically in relation to contemporary views, such as Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness theory, Brown and Gilman's (1960) theory of power/solidarity and Brown and Ford's (1961) theory of intimacy/ status. It is found that the choice of these addressing and referring terms by Classical Arabic speakers is determined by the above sociolinguistic factors particularly gender, setting, and status. Also, although Classical Arabic addressing and referring systems do not have the pronominal T and V distinctions suggested by Brown and Gilman's (1960), the theory of power/solidarity is found applicable to many aspects of Classical Arabic addressing and referring behaviours. In addition, the analysis of the data supports the views proposed in Brown and Ford's (1961) theory of intimacy/ status. Positive and negative politeness, as classified by Brown and Levinson (1987), are reported by the present study data in many aspects of addressing and referring behaviours.
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Monte, Vanessa Martins do. "Correspondências paulistas: as formas de tratamento em cartas de circulação pública (1765-1775)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-18062013-103230/.
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O objetivo desta tese é analisar, partindo de uma perspectiva filológica, um conjunto de cartas manuscritas, lavradas durante a década de 1765 a 1775, na capitania de São Paulo. Transcrevem-se os textos, para, a partir desse trabalho inicial, buscar-se definir algumas de suas coordenadas sincrônicas e diacrônicas, situacionais e linguísticas.1 Realiza-se um estudo minucioso de aspectos materiais e formais de um corpus predominantemente homogêneo quanto à espécie documental (carta), porém que mostrou apresentar variações. Ao final do trabalho filológico, publica-se a edição semidiplomática dos 137 fólios que compõem o corpus, acompanhada dos facsímiles. Por seu caráter conservador, a edição interessa a linguistas, e, pelo assunto tratado nas cartas, é fonte rica para historiadores. A partir do exame atento das fontes publicadas, trabalha-se com a hipótese da existência de uma relação entre a categoria socioprofissional dos destinatários e as formas de tratamento a eles dirigidas. A contextualização sócio-histórica dos documentos setecentistas culmina com a pesquisa sobre a origem dos remetentes, que localizou e permitiu traçar um perfil social mínimo de metade deles, atestando que pelo menos 32 documentos foram escritos, ou ditados, por homens nascidos na Colônia, principalmente na capitania de São Paulo. A partir dessas informações, da descrição sócio-histórica do período e do estudo de Marquilhas (2000), apresenta-se uma proposta de categorização socioprofissional que dê conta do corpus. As formas de tratamento (FT\'s) em língua portuguesa têm sido objeto de vários estudos, sincrônicos e diacrônicos: parte busca explicar de que maneira se deu a inclusão do pronome você, advindo da forma nominal vossa mercê, no sistema de tratamentos brasileiro; parte concentra-se na análise das formas nominais e pronominais, buscando descrever sua utilização e comparar o uso em documentos públicos e privados e entre períodos distintos. Número significativo de investigações linguísticas sobre o tema constituem corpora a partir de cartas, espécie documental bastante produtiva para tal análise. A teoria do Poder e da Solidaridade, desenvolvida por Brown e Gilman, e a análise das relações epistolares a partir das classificações em simétrica e assimétrica são comumente utilizadas em trabalhos recentes. No presente estudo, a análise das FT\'s comprova que a forma mais frequentemente empregada é vossa mercê, resultado que contraria a literatura especializada com relação a documentos oficiais. Além disso, chega-se à conclusão de que tal forma, diferentemente do que se verifica em outras pesquisas, não é utilizada preferencialmente nas relações assimétricas descendentes. O que condiciona seu emprego, na esfera pública, é a categoria socioprofissional do destinatário. Assim, aqueles que pertenciam às categorias socioprofissionais dos militares e dos administradores locais (juízes, ouvidores, provedores) eram tratados por vossa mercê. A análise sob o ponto de vista de categorias socioprofissionais permite também identificar que algumas delas, como a dos eclesiásticos, marcavam linguisticamente as posições hierárquicas superiores por meio do uso de FT\'s de alto valor honorífico, como vossa senhoria e vossa reverendíssima, enquanto outras, como a dos militares, não apresentavam essa diferenciação, sendo todos tratados por vossa mercê.<br>The present study uses a philological perspective to analyse a group of handwritten letters drafted during the decade of 1765-1775, in the Sao Paulo captaincy. From this initial work, the texts are transcribed for one try to define some of their syncronic and dyacronic coordenates, situational and linguistics. Thus, one can do a detailed philological study of material and formal aspects of a mostly homogenous corpus of one type of document (letters) but which shows variations. At the end of this philological work, the semidiplomatic edition of 137 folios is published, along with document facsimiles. Because of its conservative character, the edition is of interest to linguists, and because of the topics covered in the letters, it is a rich source for historians. From the attentive observation of the published sources, it has been possible to raise a possible relation between sociohistorical factors of senders and receivers and about the adress forms used on the texts. To make clear the relationship between social factors and linguistic elements, it has been done a social-historical description of the documents, culminating with research on the senders\' origin, and allowing the researcher to outline a basic social profile of half the authors. At least 32 documents were written, or dictated, by men born in the Colony, mainly in the Sao Paulo captaincy. Based on this information, of the social-historical description of the period and of Marquilha\'s study (2000), we propose a socialprofessional classification that takes the corpus into account. Forms of address (FAs) in Portuguese have been the object of various synchronic and diachronic studies. Some seek to explain how the pronoun você (from vossa mercê) was included in the Brazilian FA system; some focus on analysis of nouns and pronouns, describing and comparing their use in public and private documents at specified time periods. A significant number of linguistic investigations on the subject base their corpora on letters, a very productive kind of document for this analysis. Brown and Gilman\'s Theory of Power and Solidarity and the analysis of epistolary relationships in symmetrical and asymmetrical classifications have often been used in recent works. On the present study, the analysis of the FAs proves that the form of address most frequently used was vossa mercê, a result that contradicts the specialized literature related to official documents. Furthermore, one may conclude that this form, differently from that found in other researches, is not used preferentially in descending asymmetrical relationships. What determines one\'s employment in the public sphere is the social-professional classification of the recipient. Thus, those who belonged to categories of military social-professionals and local administrators (judges, ombudsmen, providers) were addressed as vossa mercê. The analysis from the socialprofessional point of view also allows us to identify that some of them, such as clergy, were linguistically marked, by means of highly honorific FAs, such as vossa senhoria and vossa reverendíssima, superior hierarchical positions, while others, like those in the military, did not make this distinction, all being addressed as vossa mercê.
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Sabbatorsi, Marjorie. "Les termes d'adresse dans des romans victoriens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL3004.
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Dans l'échange verbal entre plusieurs personnes, des termes en particulier sont souvent employés pour s'adresser à autrui : il s'agit des termes d'adresse. Ces termes peuvent être considérés comme créateurs de liens entre le langage et la société par le fait qu'ils fournissent des informations non sans intérêt sur la relation unissant les interlocuteurs. Il existe divers moyens de communiquer et de traduire une certaine forme de politesse, de familiarité, de distance, d'affection, de haine, etc., dont ces termes font partie. En plus de leur valeur sémantique, ils possèdent une valeur sociale et culturelle non négligeable.Les huit romans retenus dans cette étude, écrits par quatre grands écrivains de l'époque victorienne (Charlotte Brontë, Charles Dickens, George Eliot et Anthony Trollope), offrent au lecteur curieux un aperçu privilégié de la deuxième moitié du XIXème siècle. Outre l'aspect littéraire, les thèmes abordés en relation avec les événements de l'époque intéresseront le lecteur historien et le mode de vie et les mœurs décrits fourniront de précieux détails au lecteur sociologue, tous ces aspects étant également facilement accessibles au lecteur ordinaire. Cet examen synchronique des termes d'adresse permet, non seulement de montrer la pluralité des termes pouvant être utilisés en adresse directe, mais aussi de souligner l'importance des facteurs linguistiques, paralinguistiques et extra-linguistiques dans toute étude de cette nature<br>In verbal exchange between several speakers, a particular category of linguistic sign is frequently used when naming the participants: these are known as terms of address. Insofar as they provide information about the nature of the relation that unite the members of the group, these terms can be regarded as a means of creating links between language and society. They are also among the main contributors to the various systems implemented in the expression and communication of courtesy, familiarity, distance, affection, loathing, etc. Apart from their semantic value, they are of an indubitable socio-cultural interest.The eight novels, written by four major Victorian authors (Charlotte Brontë, Charles Dickens, George Eliot and Anthony Trollope) that have been chosen for this study, provide, for the curious reader, a precious insight into the second half of the nineteenth century. Of great appeal to the lay reader, the themes developed in their historical context – apart from the purely literary aspect – cannot fail to interest the social historian and the customs and conventions described contain precious data for the sociologist. This synchronic study of terms of address, not only reveals the plurality of the terms that are available in verbal exchange, but also underlines the importance of the linguistic, paralinguistic and extra-linguistic factors that should be taken into account in any study of this nature
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Mikelevič, Alicija. "Sposoby wyrażania honoryfikatywności w polszczyźnie mieszkańców Niemenczyna (w przekroju pokoleniowym)." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090629_130708-03990.
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Współczesna polszczyzna jest rozwiniętym językiem narodowym, zdolnym do zaspokojenia różnorodnych potrzeb komunikacyjnych, w których istotną rolę odgrywa odpowiedni wybór form adresatywnych, służących zwróceniu uwagi rozmówcy oraz wyrażających grzeczność wobec nadawcy.
Celem mojej pracy magisterskiej "Sposoby wyrażania honoryfikatywności w polszczyźnie mieszkańców Niemenczyna (w przekroju pokoleniowym)" jest pokazanie sposobów zwracania się do rozmówcy w mowie Polaków zamieszkujących w jednej miejscowości z uwzględnieniem zmian pokoleniowych.
Wyznaczony cel będzie wymagał wykonania w pracy następujących zadań: 1. wypracowania zasad metodologicznych opisu środków honoryfikatywności w języku polskim; 2. zanalizowania zebranych drogą ankietową danych językowych na podstawie wybranej metodologii; 3. porównania teraźniejszego stanu sytuacji językowej w wybranej miejscowości z wnioskami, pochodzącymi z wcześniejszych opracowań na ten temat; 4. ukazania pewnych rozbieżności w tendencjach ogólnopolskich i regionalnych.
W niniejszej pracy uwaga została skupiona na gramatycznych wykładnikach wyrażania honoryfikatywności w języku polskim, które obejmują formy adresatywne (proszę pana/pani; pan/pani + imię/nazwisko, tytuł), zaimkowe (pan/pani; Wy) i czasownikowe (zero godnościowe; samodzielne użycie bezokolicznika). W niniejszej pracy magisterskiej analizie został poddany materiał językowy, zebrany w Niemenczynie za pomocą ankietowania. Ankieta zawierała 19 pytań, wymagających... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>Kreipiniai yra vartojami komunikacijos procese tam, kad būtų atkreiptas pašnekovo dėmesys ir išreikštas mandagumas. Mandagumo raiškos būdai skiriasi ne tik kalbose, bet ir jų teritoriniuose variantuose.
Šio magistro darbo tikslas yra parodyti Nemenčinės gyventojų lenkų kalba reiškiamus mandagumo raiškos būdus, lyginant tris kartas. Pasiekti šį tikslą yra įmanoma išsprendus šias užduotis: 1. sudaryti metodologijos taisykles, remiantis kuriomis bus aprašyti mandagumo raiškos būdai lenkų kalboje; 2. išanalizuoti anketos būdu surinktus duomenis; 3. palyginti Nemenčinės gyventojų esamą kalbinę būklę su išvadomis, padarytomis remiantis kitais darbais šia tema; 4. parodyti skirtumus tarp lenkų ir Vilniaus krašto lenkų kalbų.
Lenkų kalboje mandagumo raiškos būdai yra reiškiami trimis gramatinėmis priemonėmis: leksikos, stiliaus ir gramatikos. Magistro darbe ypatingas dėmesys buvo skiriamas gramatinėms mandagumo raiškos priemonėms: kreipiniams (proszę pana/pani; pan/pani + vardas, pavardė, titulas), mandagumo įvardžiams (pan/pani; Wy) ir veiksmažodžių formoms (tiesioginėje ir tariamojoje nuosakoje savarankiškai vartojama 3 asmens forma, o liepiamojoje – bendratis).
Kalbinė medžiaga, reikalinga magistro darbui parašyti, buvo surinkta naudojantis anketine gyventojų apklausa. Anketą užpildė 30 Nemenčinės gyventojų (įvairaus amžiaus ir išsilavinimo), kur lenkų tautybės žmonės sudaro daugumą. Tokiu būdu buvo sukaupta 530 pasisakymų, kurie leido palyginti mano tyrimų rezultatus su... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]<br>Manner of address in communication process is used in order to bring message to somebody’s notice or to express politeness. Honorific forms differ not only in various languages, but in various regional dialects as well.
Main objective of this Master Thesis is to present honorific forms in polish language used by Niemenczyn people by comparison of three generations. Main objective shall be achieved if following tasks will be accomplished: 1. Structure methodological rules which shall be the basis for description of honorific forms in polish language; 2. Analyze survey data; 3. Compare existing language state with conclusions made in previous studies on this topic; 4. Present the differences between Polish language used in Vilnius region and in Poland.
Honorific forms in polish language are expressed by three grammar means: lexis, style and grammar. Master Thesis emphasizes grammatical means of honorific forms, i.e. manners of address (proszę pana/pani; pan/pani + name, last name, title), honorific pronouns (pan/pani; Wy) and verb forms (independent 3rd conjugation in indicative and subjunctive and infinitive form in imperative).
Survey data was used as basis of this Master Thesis. 30 inhabitants of Niemenczyn, where Polish nationality people makes majority, have answered the survey questions (people of different ages and with various education). 530 sayings were collected which were compared with conclusions of previous studies, and as a consequence specific features of... [to full text]
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Johnson, Mary Cathleen. "The Pragmatic Alternation Between Two Negative Imperatives in Argentinian Spanish." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366301687.
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Fonkeu, Ngencho Bridget [Verfasser], Patricia [Akademischer Betreuer] Ronan, and Sarah [Gutachter] Buschfeld. "Sociolinguistic identity (re)construction in the German diaspora:the case of the use of address forms and kinship terms by Anglophone Cameroonian immigrants / Bridget Fonkeu Ngencho ; Gutachter: Sarah Buschfeld ; Betreuer: Patricia Ronan." Dortmund : Universitätsbibliothek Dortmund, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1204636435/34.
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Moraes, Juliana Granço Marcelino de. "O tratamento na interação: formas e fórmulas usadas no estabelecimento e encerramento de contato em e-mails de lingua alemã e de língua portuguesa." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8144/tde-14022013-104046/.
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Na presente pesquisa faz-se um estudo sobre o tratamento na interação, considerando que o tratamento não se limita apenas às formas pronominais e nominais, mas faz parte de um ritual da interação. Entende-se que ele está presente durante toda a interação, de forma mais marcada no estabelecimento e encerramento do contato e, como faz parte de um ritual lingüístico, a escolha do tratamento dispensado ao interlocutor é culturalmente marcada e segue padrões sociais de comportamento. Para adequar-se às diferentes situações comunicativas, os locutores utilizam formas de tratamento (pronominais e nominais) e fórmulas que os auxiliem na abordagem do outro. As fórmulas usadas no tratamento fazem parte das chamadas fórmulas de rotina e fórmulas discursivas, as quais foram analisadas, neste trabalho, de maneira contrastiva entre a língua alemã e a língua portuguesa, em e-mails de ambas as línguas.<br>This research focuses on forms of address in verbal interaction considering that they are not limited to pronouns or nouns, but should be seen as a central piece in the interaction ritual. They are present throughout interaction, more clearly at the moments when contact begins and ends, and, since they are part of a linguistic ritual, the choice of the form used to address the interlocutor is culturally marked and follows social patterns of behavior. In order to fit different communicative situations, speakers use forms of address (both nouns and pronouns) and formulas that help them to approach the hearer. The formulas used in address are known as routine and discoursive formulas, both of which are analyzed in this research in a contrast between German and Portuguese, using e-mails written in both languages.
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Turjoman, Mona O. "Saudi gender differences in greetings and leave-takings." Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1325998.
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This research investigates the differences between how men and women greet and take leave of someone of the same sex in Saudi Arabia, a gender segregated society. Age, social status, relationship between participants, and setting were also tested to see if they have any effect on how Saudis greet and take leave of each other.A total of 237 participants: 127 males and 110 females were recorded in naturally occurring conversations. The participants were from all social classes and included three age groups: 18-30, 31-50, and over 50. Relationship between participants included close friends, relatives, acquaintances, and strangers. Data was collected in social and family gatherings, work, school, and the hospital. The data was analyzed in light of Brown and Levinson's (1987) politeness theory. Variables like formulaic expressions, length, and hyperbole were also tested.The results of the study indicate that age had a significant affect on how Saudis greet, take leave/reply to a leave-taking of someone of the same sex. Based on my corpus, social status had no significant affect on how Saudis greet/reply and take leave/reply of someone of the same sex. The relationship between participants showed a significant correlation with how Saudis greet/reply and take leave/reply of someone of the same sex. Setting had no significant affect of how Saudis greet and take leave of someone of the same sex. But it did show a significant affect of how Saudis reply to greetings and leave-takings of someone of the same sex. Gender did not on any significant affect on how Saudis greet and reply to greetings of someone of the same sex. Whereas, gender showed a significant correlation with how Saudis take leave and reply to a leave-taking.Results of the study indicate that women consistently took longer to greet and take leave of someone of their own sex, regardless of age, social status, relationship between participants, or setting. Women also used more metaphors and superlatives while greeting or taking leave of someone of their own sex. Women were found to repeat their greetings and leave-takings more than men.<br>Department of English
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婁敏燕. "仙居吳語親屬稱謂研究 = A study on the kinship system of the Xianju Wu dialect". Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2145840.
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Strugo, Tamara. "El tratamiento alocutivo en la publicidad de Mendoza (Argentina) : Diario Los Andes, 1885-2014." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Romanska och klassiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-185034.
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La presente investigación diacrónica se ocupa de las formas de tratamiento alocutivo del español en la publicidad de prensa de Mendoza, Argentina, entre los años 1885 y 2014. Dado que la publicidad se presenta como un fenómeno de por sí íntimamente ligado a los modos de ser, estar y pensar en una sociedad, explorar cómo se emplea el tratamiento en este género sirve para arrojar luz sobre las pautas de uso en un momento dado y los cambios que se han ido produciendo en el tiempo. Nuestro objetivo ha sido, entonces, trazar un panorama histórico del tratamiento alocutivo en la zona a partir de su uso en anuncios de prensa. Para esto, exploramos la presencia del tratamiento, su codificación lingüística, y su relación con el rubro, el destinatario y el emisor, valiéndonos de un corpus de 750 avisos publicitarios extraídos del diario Los Andes de Mendoza. El corpus abarca 130 años, desde los primeros años de existencia del periódico y hasta la actualidad, divididos y analizados en tres periodos: 1885-1889, 1950-1954, 2010-2014. Los resultados corroboran que las pautas y los cambios de uso son consistentes con lo que rige para el género publicitario, pero también con el contexto social de cada época así como con los cambios sociohistóricos que van modificando el modo de ver y dirigirse al otro, y que dan cuenta de una consolidación y aceptación progresiva hacia la variedad propia, también en la lengua escrita.
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Melgares, Jeriel. "En nombre del voseo: Su incorporación en los estudios universitarios de español dentro del contexto estadounidense." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1332186951.
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Manole, Veronica. "O debate parlamentar em português (Portugal, Brasil) e romeno : abordagem pragmático-discursiva." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080076.
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Le sujet de cette thèse est l’analyse comparative des débats parlementaires portugais, brésiliens et roumains, dans l’optique de l’organisation interactionnelle et de l’usage des formes d’adresse (Carreira 1997). Du point de vue théorique, notre étude s’appuie sur la linguistique interactionnelle (Kerbrat-Orecchioni 1990), sur l’analyse du discours politique (Charaudeau 2005) et du discours parlementaire (Ilie 2006; Marques 2000). Après un préambule juridico-politique, qui présente le fonctionnement des parlements dans les trois pays choisis (Portugal, Brésil, Roumanie), nous analysons, dans la première partie de la thèse, les transcriptions officielles des réunions parlementaires en tant que corpus pour l’étude linguistique. Ensuite, nous nous concentrons sur les particularités de la structure séquentielle des débats – ouverture, corps, clôture –, la négociation du tour de parole et les stratégies d’éviter les réponses aux questions. La deuxième partie de la thèse se penche sur les usages de formes d’adresse dans la construction des auto-images et hétéro-images et dans la configuration de la distance interlocutive. Cette approche nous a permis de dégager quelques particularités de chaque sous-corpus: les débats portugais sont plus proches du protocole parlementaire (structure micro-séquentielle plus rigide, usage quasi exclusif des formes nominales d’adresse institutionnelles), alors que dans les débats brésiliens et roumains il y a plus de flexibilité dans la construction micro-séquentielle (les actes rituels sont plus fréquents) aussi bien que dans l’usage des formes d’adresse plus variées (relationnelles, académiques, professionnelles, génériques)<br>The subject of this thesis is the comparative analysis of Portuguese, Brazilian and Romanian parliamentary debates, from the point of view of interactional organization and address terms uses (Carreira 1997). Our theoretical framework is interactional linguistics (Kerbrat-Orecchioni 1990), political discourse analysis (Charaudeau 2005) and parliamentary discourse analysis (Ilie 2006; Marques 2000). After a legal and political preamble that presents how parliaments in the three selected countries (Portugal, Brazil, Romania) work, we analyse, in the first part of the thesis, the official transcripts of parliamentary sittings as a corpus for linguistic studies. Then we focus on the characteristics of the sequential structure of the debates – opening, body, closing –, negotiation of turn taking and evasion strategies in answering questions. The second part of the thesis focuses on the uses of address terms in constructing images of the self and of the others and the configuration of interlocutive distance. This approach has allowed us to identify a few characteristics of each sub-corpus: Portuguese debates are closer to the parliamentary protocol (the micro-sequential structure is more rigid, nominal institutional address forms are used almost exclusively), while in Brazilian and Romanian debates there is more flexibility both in the micro-sequential construction (ritual acts are more frequent) and in the wider range of address forms used (relational, academic, professional, generic)
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王萌. ""醒世姻緣傳"稱謂語研究 = The research on the appellation of "Xingshi Yinyuan Zhuan"". Thesis, University of Macau, 2006. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1447746.
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Manole, Veronica. "O debate parlamentar em português (Portugal, Brasil) e romeno : abordagem pragmático-discursiva." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080076.
Full textAbstract:
Le sujet de cette thèse est l’analyse comparative des débats parlementaires portugais, brésiliens et roumains, dans l’optique de l’organisation interactionnelle et de l’usage des formes d’adresse (Carreira 1997). Du point de vue théorique, notre étude s’appuie sur la linguistique interactionnelle (Kerbrat-Orecchioni 1990), sur l’analyse du discours politique (Charaudeau 2005) et du discours parlementaire (Ilie 2006; Marques 2000). Après un préambule juridico-politique, qui présente le fonctionnement des parlements dans les trois pays choisis (Portugal, Brésil, Roumanie), nous analysons, dans la première partie de la thèse, les transcriptions officielles des réunions parlementaires en tant que corpus pour l’étude linguistique. Ensuite, nous nous concentrons sur les particularités de la structure séquentielle des débats – ouverture, corps, clôture –, la négociation du tour de parole et les stratégies d’éviter les réponses aux questions. La deuxième partie de la thèse se penche sur les usages de formes d’adresse dans la construction des auto-images et hétéro-images et dans la configuration de la distance interlocutive. Cette approche nous a permis de dégager quelques particularités de chaque sous-corpus: les débats portugais sont plus proches du protocole parlementaire (structure micro-séquentielle plus rigide, usage quasi exclusif des formes nominales d’adresse institutionnelles), alors que dans les débats brésiliens et roumains il y a plus de flexibilité dans la construction micro-séquentielle (les actes rituels sont plus fréquents) aussi bien que dans l’usage des formes d’adresse plus variées (relationnelles, académiques, professionnelles, génériques)<br>The subject of this thesis is the comparative analysis of Portuguese, Brazilian and Romanian parliamentary debates, from the point of view of interactional organization and address terms uses (Carreira 1997). Our theoretical framework is interactional linguistics (Kerbrat-Orecchioni 1990), political discourse analysis (Charaudeau 2005) and parliamentary discourse analysis (Ilie 2006; Marques 2000). After a legal and political preamble that presents how parliaments in the three selected countries (Portugal, Brazil, Romania) work, we analyse, in the first part of the thesis, the official transcripts of parliamentary sittings as a corpus for linguistic studies. Then we focus on the characteristics of the sequential structure of the debates – opening, body, closing –, negotiation of turn taking and evasion strategies in answering questions. The second part of the thesis focuses on the uses of address terms in constructing images of the self and of the others and the configuration of interlocutive distance. This approach has allowed us to identify a few characteristics of each sub-corpus: Portuguese debates are closer to the parliamentary protocol (the micro-sequential structure is more rigid, nominal institutional address forms are used almost exclusively), while in Brazilian and Romanian debates there is more flexibility both in the micro-sequential construction (ritual acts are more frequent) and in the wider range of address forms used (relational, academic, professional, generic)
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Guo, Wenhui. "Formas de cortesía en conversaciones de chinos hablando español como lengua extranjera con hablantes nativos de esta lengua." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/405702.
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Interactuar en una lengua extranjera con éxito no sólo requiere la competencia gramatical de los aprendices de esta lengua, sino también un dominio más completo de la competencia comunicativa en la que se incluye la pragmática, la capacidad discursiva, la competencia sociocultural, los conocimientos sociolingüísticos, etc. Las limitaciones en los conocimientos de los hablantes no nativos sobre una lengua extranjera dificultan la formulación de manifestaciones de cortesía en la comunicación, sobre todo cuando la cortesía desempeña un papel relevante en la comunicación intercultural y subraya las diferencias culturales.
El estudio que se presenta con estas líneas se fundamenta en las aportaciones teóricas sobre el fenómeno de la cortesía desde diferentes perspectivas y desde un acercamiento a los sistemas de cortesía en la cultura china y la española. Se toma en consideración la atenuación y la dimensión no verbal de la comunicación en cuanto a la demostración de cortesía; por tanto, tiene por objeto el estudio específico de la interlengua que producen los aprendices chinos en interacción con hablantes españoles.
Este estudio sigue un paradigma de investigación cualitativa y se centra sobre todo en un enfoque etnográfico basado en el análisis del discurso. El corpus se constituye de conversaciones simuladas en juegos de roles entre alumnos sinófonos de español e hispanohablantes en una universidad española, así como una serie de entrevistas semiestructuradas con estos mismos alumnos y otra entrevista con una de sus profesoras aquí en España.
El análisis de este corpus, los resultados que se obtienen y las conclusiones a las que se llega permiten abrir nuevas perspectivas en el estudio de la interlengua que generan alumnos sinófonos y permiten; asimismo, pensar en posibles aportaciones a la didáctica de español para hablantes de esta lengua.<br>Interacting in a foreign language with success requires not only the learner’s grammatical competence of the language, but also their more comprehensive mastery of communicative competence, i.e., the pragmatic, discursive, sociocultural, and sociolinguistic. The limited knowledge of a foreign language makes the non-native speakers difficult to formulate appropriate politeness manifestations in communication, especially when politeness plays a vital role in intercultural communication and underlines cultural differences.
Drawing upon the insights from the study of politeness in general, and from that pertinent to the politeness usage in Chinese and Spanish cultures, the thesis examines the verbal and non-verbal devices used for the maintenance of interlanguage politeness by Chinese learners of Spanish in communication with native Spanish speakers.
As a discourse analysis-based qualitative study, the thesis is carried out through a series of linguistic ethnographic investigations. A range of data is collected: recording of two conversation role-play situations between Chinese learners of Spanish and native Spanish speakers in a Spanish university, and semi-structured interviews with these students and one of their Spanish language teachers.
It is hoped that the findings will open up new perspectives in the study of interlanguage used by Chinese learners of Spanish, and shed much light on the pedagogy of Spanish as a foreign language.
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Kozel, Ondřej. "Bronx - změna adresy (přestavba káznice)." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-215621.
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The subject of this graduation thesis is a conceptual architectural study of the former house of correction extension, annex and reconstruction and also a new ideological solution of adjacent areas and total building plan . The house is located in the Brno’s Bronx district. The reconstruction is focused on the use of alternative housing concepts with the general target at the whole city quarter reneration – address change.
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Castrillón, Sonia. "Sí, señor, soy colombiana de pura cepa, et toi? : las formas de tratamiento del español colombiano en Montreal." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13754.
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Le présent travail décrit –pour la première fois– l’état actuel de la langue espagnole parlée par la communauté colombienne à Montréal sur les formes de s’adresser aux autres en langage pronominal ou nominal et la courtoisie verbale.
Dans le but de réaliser cette étude, un travail de terrain a été effectué à l’aide d’un questionnaire et des entrevues orales semi-dirigées adressés à 30 informateurs. L’analyse des données, nous a permis d’établir quelques premières comparaisons entre la façon de parler des habitants de la Colombie et des Colombiens résidant à Montréal et d’identifier quelques-uns des changements linguistiques principaux dans cette communauté parlante, notamment, les variations reliées aux formes de s’adresser aux autres et aux actes de courtoisie affectés par l’influence du français et de l’anglais.
L’analyse effectuée tient compte autant les aspects linguistiques, pragmatiques et sociaux que les attitudes linguistiques des interviewés. De cette façon, les résultats mettent en lumière une nouvelle description sur la dynamique de l’usage des formes de s’adresser aux autres de locuteurs originaires de trois zones dialectales représentatives de la Colombie : la région andine orientale, la région andine occidentale et la zone côtière du Caraïbe. Ensemble avec d’autres études précédentes sur la formes de s’adresser aux autres, ce travail constitue une meilleure compréhension de la réalité linguistique de l’espagnol des Colombiens unilingues, bilingues et trilingues.<br>Present work outlines –for the first time– the state of the Spanish language spoken by the Colombian community in Montreal with reference to the forms of pronominal and nominal address and verbal politeness.
In order to conduct this study, a fieldwork was undertaken through a questionnaire and semi-conducted oral interviews addressed to 30 informants. The analysis of the collected data has allowed us to establish the first research comparing the way Colombian inhabitants and Colombians in Montreal speak and to identify some of the main linguistic changes in this spoken Spanish community. It is mostly in relation to the forms of address and politeness actions that have been affected by the influence of French and English languages.
The analysis that has been carried out takes into consideration the linguistic, pragmatic and social factors of the speakers. In this way, the results provide recent insights about the description of the dynamics of the forms of address from speakers of three different representative dialectical zones of Colombia such as the oriental Andean region, occidental Andean region and the Caribbean coastal zone. Together with other previous studies, our work contributes to a better understanding of the linguistic reality of the Spanish language spoken by monolingual, bilingual or trilingual Colombians.<br>En este trabajo se describe –por primera vez– el estado actual del español hablado por la comunidad colombiana en Montreal en referencia a las formas de tratamiento pronominal y nominal y la cortesía verbal.
Para llevar a cabo este estudio se ha realizado un trabajo de campo a través de un cuestionario y de entrevistas orales semidirigidas con 30 informantes. El análisis de los datos nos permite establecer unas primeras comparaciones entre el habla de los habitantes de Colombia y el habla de los colombianos en Montreal e identificar algunos de los principales cambios lingüísticos en esta comunidad hablante, especialmente en relación con la utilización de las formas de tratamiento y los actos de cortesía, que se ven afectados por la influencia del francés y del inglés.
El análisis efectuado tiene en cuenta tanto aspectos lingüísticos, pragmáticos y sociales como las actitudes lingüísticas de los entrevistados. De este modo, los resultados aportan luz nueva sobre la descripción de la dinámica de uso de las formas de tratamiento de los hablantes de tres zonas dialectales representativas de Colombia (andina oriental, andina occidental y zona costeña del Caribe) que, junto con otros estudios previos sobre las formas de tratamiento, contribuyen a una mejor comprensión de la realidad lingüística del español de los colombianos monolingües, bilingües y trilingües.
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Manentsa, Nthabiseng Pride Alphonsina. "Forms of address in Sesotho." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9619.
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Ntshalintshali, Annah Sesi. "Forms of address in Isizulu." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/9748.
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M.A. (African Studies)<br>The study deals with forms of address in isiZulu. Therefore, the various aspects of speech that play roles when addressing a person, the factors affecting forms of address in isiZulu and the effect of languages such as English, Afrikaans and other African languages on the forms of address in isiZulu are of interest. Research was conducted on forms of address in isiZulu in parts of Soweto and it was discovered that form of address are determined by different factors in a given situation and the influence of a variety of languages. The data was collected from: 1. Books on forms of address in other languages. 2. Recorded conversations and discussions. 3. Recorded television and radio programmes. In each chapter, sub-categories of addressing people, their use and factors determining them are highlighted.
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"Spanish Address Forms in US Newspapers." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.15827.
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abstract: Advertisements intend to persuade the reader to invest money or time in a product or service. Newspapers contain advertisements that are space-limited, thus necessitating a concise and convincing message that will influence readers. Nord (2008) analyzed conative function (Jakobson 1960) as a persuasive tool in a corpus of Spanish, English, and German advertising texts. A portion of Nord's study focused on sender attitude indicators directed at addressees as a key element of conative function, and analyzed address forms among several attitude indicators found in print advertisements. The current study analyzed 604 Spanish newspaper advertisements in Arizona and Florida, focusing on possible independent factors related to the probability of the occurrence of various address forms. These factors included: the type of product being advertized and its cost, the nature of the advertisement, the location of the advertisement in the newspaper (main section, sports, etc.), intended audience (including age and sex), geographic region of the newspaper, and each newspaper as compared to others. These variables were categorized and statistically analyzed using a quantitative design. The study provided results indicating a strong statistical relationship between the presence of address forms and product type, a moderate relationship with audience age, and a mild relationship with product cost. Various similarities and differences were also found when comparing the data geographically.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>M.A. Spanish 2012
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Kubayi, Sikheto Joe. "Address forms in Xitsonga : a socio-pragmatic perspective." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13372.
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The purpose of this study is to explore the nature of socio-cultural rules underlying address behaviour in face-to-face interactions in Xitsonga. In the study, a socio-pragmatic approach is used. This approach is a combination of sociolinguistics and pragmatics. Data are collected using semi-structured interviews from 29 participants in Hlanganani region. Hlanganani is a Xitsonga speech community located in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The participants were selected in terms of five variables, namely their age, gender, marital status, educational status and occupation. Five theories are tested in this study, namely Brown and Gilman’s (1968) theory of power and solidarity, Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory, the theory of accommodation, the theory of universal grammar and the Gricean theory of conversation. The study finds that Hlanganani is an age-set society in that the age of a person is the primary determiner of address choice. The male gene also receives superior status in address behaviour in Xitsonga. It is also found that women are given the same lower status as children. It is observed that women’s statuses reflect their graduation in terms of marriage and the production of children. It is recommended that more studies of a similar kind should be undertaken based on either different speech communities or on a comparative basis of
particularly African languages. Such studies will go a long way in describing similarities and differences in both the linguistic and the social structures of different cultures.<br>African Languages<br>D. Litt. et Phil. (African Languages)
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Hu, Wei-Yi, and 胡唯毅. "The Effect of Social Variables on English Address Forms." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29025475450357177085.
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碩士<br>國立臺北教育大學<br>兒童英語教育學系碩士班<br>98<br>Address forms are affected by cultures and social values. This study aims to investigate how social variables affect address forms and how Taiwanese EFL college students and native speakers of American English apply English address forms under situations in which the occupation variable of the addressee and the setting variable were controlled. The subjects are 142 Taiwanese EFL college students and 26 native speakers of American English. The research instruments are a designed DCT (Discourse Completion Test) questionnaire of 12 situations and post-questionnaire interviews. Twelve questions set addressees with high and low social status in formal and informal settings. Referential statistics (A contingency table with a Fisher’s Exact Test) was mainly used to analyze the data, while transcriptions of interviews provided possible explanation. The research questions are listed below.
1. How do social variables, the occupation variable and the setting variable, affect speakers on English address forms choice?
2. Are the address forms used by Taiwanese EFL college students different from those used by native speakers of English? What and why are the differences?
3. Are there any special characteristics of the address forms used by EFL college students in Taiwan? Why?
The results indicated that the occupation variable and the setting variable do affect English address form applications. People with high occupations received more title-based address forms, TLN (title + last name). However, people with low occupations received more name-based address forms, FN (First name). For the effects of formalities of the settings, all people received more FN in informal settings than in formal settings. This study also found that the occupation variable precedes the setting variable while address forms are applied.
The main difference of the two groups’ address forms is that Taiwanese EFL college students tended to use Category 3 (Mister, Mr., Mr. + last name, Mr. + first name, Mr. + full name) to address people with low occupations while native speakers of American English used FN.
There are three characteristics of address forms used by Taiwanese EFL college students. First, they used more occupational titles as address forms and they also applied more “Title alone”. Second, they used “Reverse forms”, which reflect the word order of Chinese language. Third, Taiwanese EFL college students used “Kinship terms” when there is definitely no real kin relationship between the addresser and the addressee.
English learners and English teachers may want to include the addressing system of American English in the curriculum. Correct usages of American English address forms will avoid misunderstanding.
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FANG, MIGN-CHUAN, and 方明嫥. "Address Forms in English and Chinese in Academic and Business Settings." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00270003096586809699.
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碩士<br>國立臺北教育大學<br>兒童英語教育學系碩士班<br>105<br>Abstract
Address forms represent the relationship between the interlocutors and proper addressing depends on the formality and region of the social context. This study aims to investigate the use of address forms in English and Chinese in academic and business settings considering the equivalence and the social status of the interlocutors. Forty Taiwan volunteered informants from academic and business settings who use both English and Chinese in their workplaces were interviewed. The research instruments are interview and a questionnaire.
The results indicate that when the social status is equal, in both academic and business settings, either Chinese or English first name (FN) is commonly used for address forms. When social status between interlocutors is unequal, in academic settings, informants prefer Chinese address forms, title and first name (TFN, 60%) and title (T, 25%) to English address form, English first name (FN,15%). In business settings, informants prefer English address form, English first name (FN, 60%) to Chinese address forms, title or Title + LN (T or TLN, 30%) and first name (FN, 10%).
The present study also indicates that address forms are influenced by social distance, culture of setting and personal characteristics. The social distance strongly determines the address forms, for example when the social status is equal between interlocutors, only first name (FN) is used regardless of languages, Chinese or English. When the interlocutors have known each other for a long time, intimacy could also trigger kinship terms, for example an informant claimed that he/she might address his/her senior coworker as “first name + elder brother” or “first name + elder sister”. Another example indicates that a teacher might address her young student as “kid” or “sweeties” or “honey” to show intimacy relationship.
When the social status is not equal, the culture of setting is the main factor influencing address forms. At business settings, especially in international trading companies, where English plays an important role for communication, informants prefer English address forms, English first name, to Chinese address forms. At academic settings, where teaching manners is also one of the education goals, informants prefer Chinese address forms, indicating the different social status as power or solidarity, to English address forms (English first name).
Personal characteristics may play a role when choosing address forms in academic settings. As quite a few teachers claimed that they felt certain address forms made them feel comfortable and he or she would also prefer his or her coworkers or students to address them the address form he or she preferred. A few teachers claimed that they preferred solidarity to power when they interact with his or her students and that using a first name as an address form resolved social distance.
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Wang, Shih-Wen, and 王詩雯. "Forms of Address and Anthroponymic Systems of Three Taiwanese Aboriginal Groups." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6vk84p.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣師範大學<br>英語學系<br>107<br>The present study investigates the forms of address and anthroponymic systems of three Taiwan aboriginal groups. The study employs questionnaires and interview methods to acquire information on forms of address and naming systems of three groups—Amis, Bunun, and Seediq. In particular, it examines aboriginals’ choice of address to people in different contexts and the meaning encoded by aboriginal names, if any. Towards this end, a total of twelve university students aged from nineteen to twenty-five were recruited and three aboriginal tribal teachers were also recruited for the study. Results on the study of address forms indicate that the age of addressee is a major factor in determining the choice of address forms for the three groups. Notably, kinship terms are used often to show deference and intimacy to others, including aborigines within the same tribe, aborigines from other tribes, and even non-aboriginals. Also, the selection of address forms changes in formal and informal situations. The use of titles or tribal titles is used in formal situation. Results on naming practices reveal the naming pattern of three aboriginal groups. First, children are named after esteemed elders in the tribe or family members. By inheriting the names of these elders, aborigines show respect to them and pass down their spirits to the younger generations in the tribe. Also, primogeniture rule dominates the aboriginal society in which the first-born child has the right to be named after their grandparents. Some children are named after other elders based on their birth orders and nature-denoting names are common among female names. In general, however, names of aborigines from the three tribes do not encode specific meanings.
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Yu, Meng-ju, and 游孟儒. "Generic and Definite Interpretations of Nominal Bare Forms as Subjects in Mandarin Chinese." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62202254817282504579.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>語言學研究所<br>92<br>This thesis aims to study generic and definite interpretations of nominal bare forms as subjects in Mandarin Chinese. This thesis claims that generic and definite interpretations of nominal bare forms as subjects in Mandarin Chinese are determined by semantic interpretations of predicates. Hence, this thesis first explores manifestations of predicates.
This research is based on Model-theoretic concepts of Categorial Grammar. I apply Carlson’s (1977) classification — stages, individual characteristics, and kinds — to classify Chinese predicates. This research indicates that predicates denoting stages make nominal bare forms as subjects have definite interpretations, whereas predicates signifying individual characteristics or kinds make bare nouns as subjects have generic interpretations.
Through the discussion of this thesis, we may further understand what kind of syntactic structure in predicates can make nominal bare forms as subjects in Mandarin Chinese have generic or definite interpretations.
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Swanepoel, Susara. "'n Diachroniese teksstudie van interetniese aanspreek- en verwysingsvorme in Afrikaans." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/11144.
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Lin, Liang Wei, and 林良位. "Nominal wake measurement and analysis on six systematic variation stern hull forms for VLCC." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97163091910788217671.
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Lee, Chun-Leung, and 李俊亮. "An Exploratory Study of customers’ preferred Forms of Address during the service encounter." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nbtw37.
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Shkel, Angelina, and 安麗. "Language and Culture: A Study of College Students Using Russian Address Forms in Taiwan." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56049766841615165994.
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碩士<br>輔仁大學<br>語言學研究所<br>96<br>Abstract
This study aims to investigate the use of Russian address forms by college students in Taiwan, while addressing their Russian teachers when in or not in class. By focusing on a group of Chinese speakers in Taiwan, typically regarded as having politeness norms and addressing system very different from those of Russian speakers, this paper aims at possibly providing evidence for cultural influence on addressing systems.
This study was carried out on one hundred and twenty-eight college students at the Department of Russian Language and Literature at Tamkang University, in Tamsui, Taipei County, Taiwan. The students were divided into four groups, according to their academic year at university.
The multiple-choice questionnaires were used to test the objectives of this study.
The results revealed that the majority of the students (69.34%) in all groups chose a given name and patronymic as a major address form. Furthermore, the freshman year students used more of a given name and a patronymic (76.89%), and then the sophomore year students (61.81%) used less of a given name and a patronymic address form and (38.19%) started using more of a title alone or a title and a last name, or a teacher’s given name. The half of the junior year students (50%) started addressing a teacher with a title alone or a title and a last name. Finally, the senior year students (82.90%) chose more of a given name and a patronymic address form.
Gender also plays an important role in choosing an address form. Thus, female and male respondents used more of a given name and a patronymic when addressing Russian teachers. However, the female students in all groups used a given name and a patronymic address form as well as a title alone, and a title and a last name. While the majority of the male subjects tended to use a given name and a patronymic address form. Only the majority of the junior year male students used a title alone or a title and a last name as the major address forms.
When choosing a personal pronoun, the majority of the male subjects in all groups addressed their female and male Russian teachers with the Vy form. The majority of the female respondents in all groups also chose the Vy form to address teachers. However, females more than males addressed a Russian teacher with the Ty form, or didn’t use any personal pronouns, or used other forms of address.
The research embodied in this study led to the conclusion that culture and cultural values influenced Chinese and Russian address systems. Furthermore, the differences between the two gender groups and the four academic years’ (freshman to senior) groups were significant.
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FARESE, GIAN MARCO. "The Cultural Semantics of Forms of Address: A Contrastive Study Between English and Italian." Phd thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/122874.
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This study analyses forms of address from both a semantic and
cultural point of view with a twofold aim: (i) to show that forms
of address express a proper meaning which can be clearly
pinpointed with a suitable methodology; (ii) to highlight the
differences in address practices of different linguacultures and
their implications for cross-cultural communication.
The approach taken is that of cultural semantics, the branch of
linguistics which investigates the relationship between meaning
and culture. Combining semantics and cultural studies, cultural
semantics is closely related to various sub-branches of
linguistics, most importantly cross-cultural communication,
intercultural pragmatics and translation theory. Researchers in
cultural semantics adopt the methodology of the Natural Semantic
Metalanguage created by Anna Wierzbicka and Cliff Goddard and
developed in collaboration with numerous academics from around
the world. Over decades of cross-linguistic research, NSM has
proved itself an optimal methodology to investigate the meanings
of words in cross-linguistic perspective, in particular emotion
words, cultural keywords and more recently musical terms. The
analysis of forms of address is a new application of NSM, and in
this case, too, the methodology has proved itself the ideal tool
for this purpose. To the best of my knowledge, never before in
address research has a scholar done an extended study of the
meanings of address expressions and the set of cultural values
which guide address practices in a linguacultural world.
In line with NSM researchers, the premise to this study is that
to pinpoint the meaning of various address expressions and
capture the cultural assumptions underlying address practices in
English and Italian, it is necessary to produce definitions which
are comparable. This permits to highlight the differences between
the two linguacultures clearly and to provide language learners
and culture outsiders with optimal tools which they can use for
cross-cultural training. Although the present study is not
written in the form of textbook, being based on NSM it is of
considerable pedagogical use. This study is aimed at a very wide
readership which includes not only scholars in linguistics, but
anyone interested in issues in intercultural communication.
In Chapter 1 of the thesis, I review the main studies on address
with particular attention to those which are most pertinent to my
analysis. In Chapter 2, I introduce the methodology of semantic
analysis which I adopted and present my body data. Chapters 3 and
4 focus on the “greetings” Hi and Ciao. In chapters 5 and 6 I
analyse nouns used to address people in English and Italian.
Chapters 7 to 10 are dedicated to the analysis of the meaning of
opening and closing salutations in letters and e-mails and
finally, Chapters 11 to 13 focus on cultural scripts and the
implications of differences in address practices for
intercultural interactions.