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1
Appah, Clement. "Construction morphology : issues in Akan complex nominal morphology." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2013. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/81565/.
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Akan, like any other language, has both regular and irregular complex nominals (CNs). However, previous studies of Akan nominals have been constructive in approach, mostly adhering to a strict form of the principle of compositionality and assuming that the morphological, phonological and semantic properties of CNs can be accounted for fully by tweaking those of their constituents. Consequently, CNs whose properties cannot be so accounted for are either ignored or forced into the mould of regular ones. In this study, I do three things. First, I present a detailed empirically-based assessment of attested CNs in Akan based on a dataset of 1000 CNs drawn from a variety of written sources. This shows that Akan CNs may be grouped into four; compounds, affix-derived CNs, those formed by tonal changes and “lexicalized” forms, which have the form of phrases but occur as CNs and are mostly only partially compositional. Secondly, I present a detailed discussion of the formal and semantic properties of all the attested compounds and a subset of the lexicalized nominals. Thirdly, on the basis of the latter discussion, I examine what the formation and structure of CNs reveal about the interaction between morphology and syntax and about the architecture of the grammar. The analyses show that the formation of CNs in Akan may at once involve morphological and syntactic structure in a way that renders untenable the view that morphology and syntax constitute two completely different modules of the grammar which may be assumed to interact only because the output of the former is the input to the latter. The present study provides support for the constructional view of the grammar.
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Franzon, Francesca. "The encoding of countability and numerosity in nominal morphology." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424431.
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The aim of this research was to examine the role of Number morphology for what concerns the encoding of information about the numerosity and countability of referents. The issue was approached both from a theoretical and from an experimental point of view. Number morphology is a widespread category and only few languages in the world seem to completely lack it (Corbett, 2000). Why is Number such a common feature among natural languages? In general, it can be assumed that language grammaticalises only some of all the possible information present in the referential world. The fact that information about numerosity is rammaticalised in such a widespread way in natural languages may mirror the salient role that such information has from a biological point of view, i.e. the fact that this information stems from cognitive processes that are biologically relevant in order to behave successfully in a given environment (Hauser & Spelke 2004). Language provides the means to communicate salient information readily. Morphology is one of these means in general, and Number morphology is the one specifically set for the encoding of the information about numerosity of referents. Number morphology is designed to convey salient information expressing numerosities, but this possibility takes place only when the noun is linked to a countable interpretation. Within morphological Number systems, countability plays a crucial role: in fact, in absence of countability, nouns are not inflected but assigned a Number value by default. Although the great amount of interest dedicated to countability both by theoretical and experimental approaches, no account has fully succeeded in explaining countability and its relation with morphological Number. In the present thesis we propose a formal model and provide empirical data - collected in quantitative morphology, psycholinguistics and language acquisition – in order to support the idea that in encoding countability more than one factor comes into play: namely, core grammar rules, effects of non-strictly grammatical processing of linguistic stimuli, and effects related to non-verbal cognitive processes that deal with the information encoded into language.Questa ricerca ha lo scopo di esaminare il ruolo della morfologia di Numero per quanto riguarda la codifica della numerosità e della contabilità. La questione è stata affrontata sia dal punto di vista teorico che dal punto di vista sperimentale. La morfologia di Numero è una categoria tipologicamente molto diffusa e solo poche lingue al mondo sembrano esserne completamente prive (Corbett, 2000). Dove va ricercato il motivo di una tale diffusione? In generale, si può ritenere che la lingua grammaticalizzi solo alcune di tutte le possibili informazioni presenti nel mondo referenziale. Il fatto che le informazioni relative alla numerosità siano grammaticalizzate in modo così diffuso nelle lingue può rispecchiare il ruolo saliente che tali informazioni hanno da un punto di vista biologico, cioè il fatto che tali informazioni derivino da processi cognitivi che sono necessari per comportarsi con successo rispetto all’ambiente (Hauser & Spelke 2004). La lingua fornisce i mezzi per comunicare prontamente le informazioni salienti. La morfologia è uno di questi mezzi, in generale, e la morfologia di Numero è il mezzo specificamente deputato alla codifica delle informazioni sulla numerosità dei referenti. La flessione nominale, e quindi la codifica di informazioni riguardo alla numerosità, è presente solo quando il nome è legato ad una interpretazione contabile. All'interno dei sistemi morfologici di Numero, la contabilità gioca quindi un ruolo cruciale: infatti, in assenza di contabilità, ai sostantivi è assegnato un valore di Numero per default. Nonostante l’ampio interesse dedicato alla contabilità sia a livello teorico che sperimentale, nessun approccio è riuscito a dare una spiegazione del tutto coerente della contabilità e della sua relazione con la morfologia di Numero. Nella presente tesi si propone un modello formale e vengono forniti dati empirici - raccolti in due studi di morfologia quantitativa, due di psicolinguistica e uno studio in acquisizione - sostenendo l'idea che nella codifica linguistica della contabilità e delle numerosità entri in gioco più di un fattore: non solo un set di regole della core grammar, ma anche effetti dell’elaborazione cognitiva di stimoli linguistici, ed effetti legati ai processi cognitivi non verbali che si occupano di informazioni codificate nel linguaggio.
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Nekhumbe, Mudivhani Gilbert. "Nominal inflectional categories of Tshivenda." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52961.
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Thesis (DLitt)--Stellenbosch University, 2002.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study explores the four nominal inflectional categories which are identified in morphology, i.e. case, noun class, agreement and number in Tshiven~a. This study also examines Determiner Phrase, enclitics and definiteness with regard to Tshivenc1a noun phrases. Chapter one is the introduction of this study. It states the aim of the study which is, firstly, to establish whether case, noun class, agreement and number occur in Tshivencla, and secondly, to examine the form, syntactic distribution and semantics of these categories in Tshiven~a. This chapter also gives the morphological assumptions of the model of lexememorpheme base morphology by Beard (1995) and Aronoff (1994). The theory of lexical semantics of Pustejovsky (1996) and the Minimalist program of Chomsky (1995) are also discussed. Chapter two examines the Determiner Phrase in Tshiven~a. It concentrates on the structure of the OP in Tshivenda. Attention has been 41\ given to the functional categories within the OP such as DET and Agr as well as the various nominal modifiers within the OP. Chapter three explores Case in Tshiven~a. In Tshiven9_a there are seven cases, i.e. nominative, accusative, instrumental, locative, genitive, dative and vocative. This chapter concentrates on the assignment of these cases and their grammatical functions. Chapter four explores the noun class in Tshivenda. It examines the form 1\ and the contribution of the meaning of the noun class prefixes. The morphological structure of the Tshivenda noun is taken as the framework 1\ for this analysis. It has been found that Tshivend,a.. has seventeen noun classes which are still active in this language. These noun class prefixes have 24 different semantic features which contribute to the meaning of the noun. Chapter five discusses agreement and number in Tshivenda. In the case A. of agreement it has been found that it is both dependent and independent of noun class. Subjectival and objectival agreement appear as two functional categories within the inflection phrase. Specific attention has also been given to existential agreement, sentential pronouns, the infinitive as well as problems with agreement with coordinated NPs. Certain cases have also been highlighted where no agreement appears. Lastly, it has been shown that number is not an inflectional category in Tshivenda, but it A is a semantic category. Chapter six is concemed with definiteness in the interpretation of the noun in Tshivenda. In the first place, it has been shown in which cases a noun 1\ phrase may be interpreted as definite or indefinite. Secondly, the contribution of the nominal modifiers with regard to the definiteness of the noun phrase has been investigated. Lastly, it has been shown that proper names have to be interpreted as definite. Chapter seven investigated the three enclitics in Tshivenda, i.e. de, shu '" A and vho. Their meaning and distribution have been explored with regard to their presence on nouns, nominal modifiers and verbs. The distribution of these three enclitics is dependent on their meaning. The enclitic de which A refers to quantifiers may not appear on verbs. Enclitics which are interrogative in nature such as d,..e and shu may not appear with interrogative nominal modifiers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie ondersoek die vier nominale infleksie kategorieë wat in die morfologie geïdentifiseer is nl. naamval, naamwoordklas, klasooreenstemming en getal in Tshivenqa. Hierdie studie gee ook aandag aan Bepalersfrase, enklitieke en bepaaldheid m.b.t. die Tshiven2a naamwoordgroepe. Hoofstuk een is die inleiding tot die studie. Dit gee die doelstellings van die studie: eerstens moet vasgestel word of naamval, naamwoordklas, klasooreenstemming en getal in Tshivenda voorkom, en tweedens moet die A vorm, sintaktiese distribusie en semantiek van hierdie kategorieë in Tshivenda bepaal word. Hierdie hoofstuk gee ook aandag aan die A morfologiese aannames van die lekseem-morfeem morfologie van Beard (1995) en Aronoff (1994). Die teorie van leksikale semantiek van Pustejovsky (1996) word ook bespreek sowel as die Minimalistiese program in sintaksis van Chomsky (1995). Hoofstuk twee ondersoek die Bepalersfrase in Tshivenda. Dit konsentreer A veralop die struktuur van die Bepalersfrase in Tshivenda. Aandag is veral A gegee aan die funksionele kategorieë binne die Bepalersfrase soos die bepaler en klasooreenstemming asook die verskillende nominale bepalers in die Bepalersfrase. Hoofstuk drie handeloor die naamval in Tshivenda. Sewe naamvalle is in A Tshivend,.a. onderskei nl. nominatief, akkusatief, instrument, lokatief, genitief, datief en vokatief. Hierdie hoofstuk konsentreer op die toekenning van hierdie naamvalle en hulle grammatikale funksies. Hoofstuk vier ondersoek die naamwoordklas in Tshivend,a.. Dit gee veral aandag aan die vorm van die naamwoordprefikse sowel as die bydrae van hierdie prefikse tot die betekenis van die naamwoord in Tshivenda. Hierdie '" analise is gedoen binne 'n raamwerk van die morfologiese struktuur van die naamwoord. Daar is gevind dat Tshivend,a. nog sewentien naamwoordklasse het wat aktief in die taal is. Daarby kon 24 verskillende betekeniskenmerke van hierdie naamwoordprefikse bepaal word. Hoofstuk vyf bespreek klasooreenstemming en getal in Tshivenda. In die A geval van klasooreenstemming is gevind dat dit beide afhanklik en onafhanklik van naamwoordklas is. Klasooreenstemming ten opsigte van die onderwerp en voorwerp is twee funksionele kategorieë binne die infleksiefrase. Verder is spesiale aandag gegee aan eksistensie, sinsvoomaamwoorde, die infinitief sowel as neweskikkende naamwoordgroepe. Daar is ook gevalle aangedui waarin geen klasooreensteming voorkom. Getal is 'n semantiese kategorie in Tshivenda " maar nie' infleksie kategorie nie. Hoofstuk ses handeloor bepaaldheid ten opsigte van die interpretasie van die naamwoord in Tshivend,a.. In die eerste plek is aangedui in welke gevalle naamwoordgroepe bepaald of onbepaald geïnterpreteer kan word, en tweedens is aandag gegee aan die bydrae van nominale bepalers ten opsigte van die bepaaldheid van die naamwoordgroep. Laastens is gewys op die voorkoms van bepaaldheid by eiename. Hoofstuk sewe het die drie enklitieke in Tshivenda ondersoek nl. de, shu ,. J\ en vho. Hul betekenis en distribusie is nagegaan ten opsigte van hul voorkoms by naamwoorde, nominale bepalers asook werkwoorde. Die distribusie van hierdie drie enklitieke is duidelik afhanklik van hul betekenis. So kan de wat verwys na kwantifiseerders bv. nie saam met werkwoorde optree n"ie. Enklitieke wat interprogatief van aard is soos d,..e en shu kan ook dus nie saam met interrogatiewe nominale bepalers voorkom nie.
4
Midy, Isabelle. "Nominal Morphology in Russian Correspondence 1700-1715 : Part One - Part Two." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Slaviska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-49349.
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The materials examined here consist of 121 Russian letters dating from 1700-1715. The present study aims to define a stage in linguistic evolution and analyze the morphological heterogeneity in the textual corpus. The letters are divided into three categories: private, semiofficial, and official. All nomina (substantives, adjectives, pronouns, and numerals) are registered and their occurrences processed statistically case by grammatical case. The focus is on linguistic features where a choice is possible and variation is in evidence. Conservatism asserts itself primarily in strongly standardized texts such as the official correspondence, while phonetic spelling reflecting akanie and dialectally influenced syncretism between different cases (e.g., the GDLsg) is observable mainly in the private letters, which consitute the least standardized category. There is a trend break among u-genitives and u-locatives, where our findings indicate that the u-ending is losing ground. A statistically established correlation between declensional type and the presence/absence of a coordinated adjunct is noted in the instrumental plural of masculine o-, jo-stems. The choice of the archaizing Ipl-ending suggests that repetition of the –mi- element is perceived to be redundant. In the singular paradigm of the adjective the feminine instrumental forms are strongly conservative, and the modern short ending occurs in only a few instances. In the nominative plural the modern ending –ye, -ie dominates for all cases and in all letter categories. The use of samyj for the comparative degree is not particularly prominent in these 18th-century letters. Because this descriptive comparison type developed in the 17th century, its use could have been expected to rise in the 18th, but our materials do not indicate any such increase. With few exceptions, pronouns generally display forms corresponding to modern usage. One notable deviation is the occurrence of a pronoun with an adjectival ending in the genitive singular (tago), but it is an idiosyncratic feature. Numerals for the most part correspond to modern usage, although their low frequency does not invite generalizations.978-91-86071-61-5 (del 1), 978-91-86071--62-2 (del 2), 978-91-86071-63-9 (del 1-2)
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Traoré, Yranahan [Verfasser]. "The morphology and phonology of the nominal domain in Tagbana / Yranahan Traoré." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223309908/34.
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Granadillo, Tania. "Nominal possessives in the Ehe dialect of Kurripako: morphology, phonology and semantics." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/126615.
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In this paper I present data from the Ehe dialect of Kurripako on nominal possessives. I explore different possessive paradigms in order to fully explain the phenomena and draw on the fields of morphology, phonology
and semantics to understand the data.
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Karatsareas, Petros. "A study of Cappadocian Greek nominal morphology from a diachronic and dialectological perspective." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/240609.
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In this dissertation, I investigate a number of interrelated developments affecting the morphosyntax of nouns in Cappadocian Greek. I specifically focus on the development of differential object marking, the loss of grammatical gender distinctions, and the neuterisation of noun inflection. My aim is to provide a diachronic account of the innovations that Cappadocian has undergone in the three domains mentioned above. !ll the innovations examined in this study have the effect of rendering the morphology and syntax of nouns in Cappadocian more like that of neuters. On account of the historical and sociolinguistic circumstances in which Cappadocian developed as well as of the superficial similarity of their outcomes to equivalent structures in Turkish, previous research has overwhelmingly treated the Cappadocian developments as instances of contact-induced change that resulted from the influence of Turkish. In this study, I examine the Cappadocian innovations from a language-internal point of view and in comparison with parallel developments attested in the other Modern Greek dialects of Asia Minor, namely Pontic, Rumeic, Pharasiot and Silliot. My comparative analysis of a wide range of dialect-internal, cross-dialectal and cross-linguistic typological evidence shows that language contact with Turkish can be identified as the main cause of change only in the case of differential object marking. On the other hand, with respect to the origins of the most pervasive innovations in gender and noun inflection, I argue that they go back to the common linguistic ancestor of the modern Asia Minor Greek dialects and do not owe their development to language contact with Turkish. I show in detail that the superficial similarity of these latter innovations’ outcomes to their Turkish equivalents in each case represents the final stage in a long series of typologically plausible, language-internal developments whose early manifestations predate the intensification of Cappadocian–Turkish linguistic and cultural exchange. These findings show that diachronic change in Cappadocian is best understood when examined within a larger Asia Minor Greek context. On the whole, they make a significant contribution to our knowledge of the history of Cappadocian and the Asia Minor Greek dialects as well as to Modern Greek dialectology more generally, and open a fresh round of discussion on the origin and development of other innovations attested in these dialects that are considered by historical linguists and Modern Greek dialectologists to be untypically Greek or contact-induced or both.
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Brown, Dunstan. "From the general to the exceptional : a network morphology account of Russian nominal inflection." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/994/.
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Tat, Deniz. "Word Syntax of Nominal Compounds: Internal and Aphasiological Evidence from Turkish." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/311666.
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This dissertation is an analysis of two types of nominal compounds in Turkish, primary compounds and synthetic compounds within the framework of Distributed Morphology. A nominal primary compound is formed by two nouns, and its meaning is largely determined by world knowledge. A synthetic compound, on the other hand, is formed by a noun and a derverbal noun, such that the former is a true argument of the latter. The meaning of such compounds is always compositional. In many languages, the structural difference between these two types of compounds is not immediately observable. However, in Turkish, a primary compound would be obligatorily marked with the compound marker, -(s)I(n) while a synthetic compound would never be marked as such. In this dissertation, I claim that primary compounds in Turkish are underlyingly possessive phrases, a claim that has been previously made by several others. My analysis differs from those previous analyses in that it maintains that -(s)I(n) figures in a morphological component that follows syntax but precedes PF. Such a post-syntactic analysis has a number of advantages as it can account for a wide range of descriptive observations about the behavior of -(s)I(n). I claim that -(s)I(n) and an agreement marker never form a sequence at any stage in the grammar. I test this claim in an experiment conducted with Turkish-speaking individuals with aphasia, and show that only a vanishingly rare number of -(s)I(n)-agreement sequences are attested in aphasic speech. My analysis of synthetic compounds in Turkish is based on three types of nominalizers and the types of categories they can select. I show that only event-denoting nominals can form true synthetic compounds. I also show that nominals that are derived directly from roots can never form true synthetic compounds, which casts doubts on roots as projecting categories. I also consider a third group of seemingly synthetic compounds, which have an overt complex verbal stem, and yet, fail to derive true synthetic compounds. Following Marantz (2013), I claim that such pseudo-synthetic compounds, in fact, have semantically null verbalizing morphemes, and therefore, the root and the nominalizing head are semantically adjacent at LF.
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Vafaeian, Ghazaleh. "Breaking paradigms : A typological study of nominal and adjectival suppletion." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-43461.
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Suppletion is a term used to describe the occurrence of unpredictable and irregular patterns. Although typological research has been devoted to verb suppletion, not as much attention has been given to suppletion in nominal and adjectival paradigms. The thesis presents the cross-linguistic distribution of nominal and adjectival suppletion. The lexical distribution as well as the features involved are presented. The results of nominal suppletion show that nouns referring to humans are most often suppletive, that number is the most common grammatical feature involved in nominal suppletion and that „child‟ is by far the most common noun to be suppletive cross-linguistically. The results on adjectival suppletion show that adjectival suppletion is well spread though not very common cross-linguistically. A study of 8 Semitic languages shows that „woman‟ versus „women‟ are stable suppletive forms in this language family.
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Catt, Adam Alvah. "Studies in Indo-Iranian HistoricalLinguistics." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188403.
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Ramalho, Ana Margarida Monteiro Cortes. "Aquisição do plural nos nomes terminados em ditongo nasal : estudo com crianças entre os 3 e os 7 anos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/21163.
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O principal objectivo deste estudo é o de fornecer dados de referência sobre a aquisição do plural em nomes terminados em ditongo nasal, em PE. Para a recolha de dados, construiu-se uma prova de nomeação, que foi aplicada a 130 crianças portuguesas entre [3;00-7;01] anos. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que, inicialmente (3 e 4 anos), as crianças usam produções que reflectem o impacto da regra de formação do plural (acrescente-se [ʃ] à forma de singular) – efeito gramatical: recorrem preferencialmente ao formato [ɐʃ], independentemente do paradigma a que pertencem, tanto em palavras como em pseudopalavras. Posteriormente, começam a dar gradual atenção ao formato com maior produtividade no PE ([õʃ]), sendo [ɐʃ] usado como formato não marcado em contextos problemáticos até aos 5 anos e não se registando, nas faixas etárias mais baixas, um efeito de frequência. O formato [ɐʃ] revela-se o mais problemático e não se encontra estabilizado aos 6 anos. Apesar de a marcação do plural emergir cedo em PE, a estabilização do plural em nomes terminados em ditongo nasal ocorre tardiamente devido à complexidade morfofonológica que lhe está associada, não estando a estrutura ainda adquirida aos 6 anos. Os resultados disponibilizados na presente tese são de utilidade para terapeutas da fala, educadores de infância, professores de 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e linguistas, que os poderão usar como valores de referência para o estudo e para a estimulação do desenvolvimento linguístico associado a esta estrutura. -- ABSTRACT: The main goal of this study is to provide reference data on the acquisition of plural in nouns ending with nasal diphthongs in EP. For data collection, a naming test was built consisting of 36 stimuli – training items, target stimuli (words and nonwords) and distracters – that was applied to 130 Portuguese children between [3, 00-7; 01] years. The results revealed that young children (3 and 4 year olds) tend to use a grammatical strategy (adding [ʃ] to the singular form); they use the format [ɐʃ] to build the plural in words (for all paradigms) and nonwords. The [õʃ] shape, which is the most frequent paradigm in EP, appears later, at 5 years old, although, [ɐʃ] is still used as unmarked in problematic contexts up to that age. We can conclude then that the frequency effect is not relevant for the youngest children. The [ɐʃ] paradigm is the most problematic: it isn´t stabilized at six years. As a general conclusion, we assume that although the nasal diphthong [ɐw] ending in nouns seems to emerge early, it is stabilized lately – assumedly after 6 - due to the morphologic and phonologic complexity associated with it. The results presented in this investigation are useful for speech and language pathologists, education professionals and linguists, who can use them as reference values for the study and stimulation of linguistic development associated with this structure.
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Adenuga, Priscilla Lola [Verfasser], Peter [Akademischer Betreuer] Smith, Peter [Gutachter] Smith, and Ọládiípọ̀ Jacob [Gutachter] Ajíbóyè. "The syntax and morphology of nominal modification in Ògè / Priscilla Lola Adenuga ; Gutachter: Peter Smith, Ọládiípọ̀ Jacob Ajíbóyè ; Betreuer: Peter Smith." Frankfurt am Main : Universitätsbibliothek Johann Christian Senckenberg, 2021. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:hebis:30:3-609275.
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Minussi, Rafael Dias. "Os sabores do nome: um estudo sobre a seleção de argumentos e as nominalizações do hebraico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-10122012-104650/.
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O objetivo maior deste trabalho é argumentar em favor de que a informação sobre a estrutura argumental das nominalizações está codificada em núcleos funcionais, os quais podem possuir sabores diferentes, isto é, propriedades diversas como causatividade, eventividade, reflexividade etc., em vez de tal informação estar codificada nas raízes abstratas como assumem autores como: Marantz (1997), Embick (2004), Harley (2008), entre outros. O objetivo específico deste trabalho, por sua vez, é analisar como é formado um grupo de padrões do hebraico, o qual forma nomes de ações (cf. GLINERT, 1989), e mostrar que nem todas as nominalizações são formadas por uma camada verbal, contra Hazout (1995) e Shlonsky (2004). Utilizamos como arcabouço teórico do presente trabalho a Morfologia Distribuída (cf. HALLE; MARANTZ, 1993; MARANTZ, 1997; SIDDIQI, 2009), uma teoria não-lexicalista, a qual propõe que tanto palavras, quanto sentenças são formadas pelas mesmas operações durante a derivação sintática. De modo especial, utilizamos a noção de fase dentro de palavras (cf. MARANTZ, 2001 e ARAD, 2003), para explicar que alguns nominais possuem padrões vocálicos que não são atômicos (contra ARAD, 2005), mas são formados em duas fases: uma fase verbal e outra nominal, enquanto outros nominais são formados em apenas uma fase: a nominal. Em nossa análise, privilegiamos quatro padrões vocálicos formadores de nominais de ação: CCiCa, CiCuC, haCCaCa, hitCCaCut, de modo que encontramos restrições diferentes para cada um dos padrões. Tais restrições dizem respeito a: (i) modificação por adjetivos e advérbios; (ii) possibilidade de alçamento dentro de DPs; (iii) obrigatoriedade de interpretação de um argumento agente e (iv) obrigatoriedade de interpretação reflexiva. Além disso, analisamos os possíveis contextos sintáticos em que são encontrados esse nominais, isto é, analisamos quais são as possibilidades de interação desses nominais com o Construct State, o Free State, a Marca Diferencial de Objeto et e com a presença de uma by phrase. Como resultado da análise, defendemos que o padrão CCiCa seja um padrão formado por apenas uma fase nominal, o que explica a sua impossibilidade de modificação por advérbios genuínos, isto é, advérbios que possuem uma morfologia típica de advérbio. Por sua vez, o padrão CiCuC é formado por duas fases: uma fase verbal, que aceita a modificação por advérbios genuínos; e uma fase nominal, que permite a modificação por adjetivos. Já o padrão haCCaCa foi analisado como formado por apenas uma fase nominal, tanto por causa da sua morfologia, que não apresenta resquícios de uma morfologia verbal, quanto pela sua semântica obrigatoriamente agentiva, que o diferencia do padrão verbal ao qual ele está relacionado. Por fim, consideramos que o padrão hitCCaCut é formado por duas fases, o que está de acordo com a presença de uma morfologia verbal que compõe o padrão e com o tipo de argumento interno que é licenciado.The main goal of this work is to argue that information over argument structure of nominalizations is coded in functional heads, which can have distinct flavors, that is, distinct properties, such as causativity, eventivity, reflexivity, etc., instead of that information being coded in the abstract roots, as assumed by Marantz (1997), Embick (2004), Harley (2008), among others. The specific object of this work, on the other hand, is to analyze how a certain group of patterns that generates action nouns in Hebrew is formed, and to show that not all nominalizations are formed by a verbal layer, contra Hazout (1995) and Shlonsky (2004). We use, in this work, the theoretical framework of Distributed Morphology (cf. HALLE; MARANTZ, 1993; MARANTZ, 1997; SIDDIQI, 2009), a non-lexicalist theory which claims that both words and sentences are formed by the same operations, within the syntactic derivation. In a special way, we use the notion of phases within words (cf. MARANTZ, 2001 e ARAD, 2003) in order to explain that some nouns possess vocal patterns that are not atomic (contra ARAD, 2005), but are formed in two separate phases: a verbal one, and a nominal one, while other nouns are formed only by the nominal phase. In our analysis, we privilege four noun formation vocal patterns: CCiCa, CiCuC, haCCaCa, hitCCaCut, each one of them bearing a distinct set of restrictions. Such restrictions concern: (i) modification by adjectives and adverbs; (ii) possibility of raising within DPs; (iii) mandatory interpretation of an agentive argument and (iv) mandatory reflexive interpretation. Furthermore, we analyzed the possible syntactic contexts in which these nouns are found, that is, we analyzed which are the possibilities of interaction between these nouns and the Construct State, the Free State, the Differential Object Marker et a the presence of a by phrase. As a result of the analysis, we defend that the pattern CCiCa is formed by only a nominal phase, which explains its impossibility of being modified by genuine adverbs, that is, adverbs that possess adverbial morphology. On the other hand, the pattern CiCuC is formed by two phases: a verbal phase, which accounts for the modification by genuine adverbs; and a nominal phase, which allows for the modification by adjectives. The pattern haCCaCa, in its turn, was analyzes as formed by a nominal phase alone, both because its morphology, which does not present traces of verbal morphology, as for its obligatory agentive semantics, which differentiates it from the verbal pattern to which it is related to. Last, we considered that the pattern hitCCaCut is formed by two phases, which is compatible to the presence of verbal morphology, that composes the pattern, and to the type of argument that is licensed by it.
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Gaber, Gaber Meftah. "An optimality theory account of the non-concatenative morphology of the nominal system of Libyan Arabic, with special reference to the broken plural." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3511/.
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This work presents a full and unified investigation of the phenomenon of non-concatenative nominal morphology in Libyan Arabic (LA), with special reference to the formation of the broken plural (BP). The analysis provides a morphophonological account of morphologically derived words in LA. It is based on two main ideas: the first is specifying the input for the derivational morphological process which represents the underlying structure of the derived word; the second is to account for the phonological constraints which interact with each other on the underlying structure in order to determine the optimal output for the derived word. In contrast to previous studies which fail to recognize derivational morphological processes and consequently cannot identify the nature of the input of the derived word, this thesis identifies the input as the starting point to justify the resulting derived output. This thesis argues that the nature of the input in non-concatenative morphology must be accounted for first. The morphological process starts when elements of the input which are carried over to the output are identified, and the specified derivational morphemes are supplied. These together form the underlying structure of any derived word. The underlying structure of the derived word in this thesis is considered to be the string of root consonants and any morphological component associated with the input, plus the derivational morphemes of the intended morphological process. As a consequence of identifying the nature of the input, the template which has been associated with Arabic language, is revealed in this thesis that it is not a primitive but rather it is an artefact of the phonology operating on morphological products. Thus, phonology has no role in the underlying structure, but comes into play to repair any ill-formed surfaced structure. The types of constraints which operate on the outputs are phonological constraints concerning markedness and faithfulness constraints. The function of markedness constraints is to maintain the well-formedness of the output, while the function of faithfulness constraints is to preserve the morphological identity of the components of the underlying structure.
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Codreanu, Ecaterina. "Étude comparative des noms d'affect en français et en roumain." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040099.
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Menée dans une perspective comparative, cette recherche a pour ambition une description du lexique des noms d’affect dans le but de relever des zones convergentes et des zones divergentes dans deux langues apparentées généalogiquement – le français et le roumain - selon deux axes de réflexion : l’analyse diachronique de la dynamique de l’évolution du lexique affectif roumain imprégné de mots d’origine française et l’analyse synchronique des particularités combinatoires des noms d’affect. Une telle recherche a mis en évidence des cas très intéressants, des points où les deux systèmes se rapprochent, sans pour autant coïncider totalement. Mais, malgré les petites différences morphosyntaxiques et combinatoires spécifiques attestées dans l’expression des affects, ces derniers présentent globalement une homogénéité du fonctionnement linguistique. Ce fait n’est pas seulement intéressant en termes de syntaxe comparée, mais aussi par le fait que les noms d’affect qui réalisent le même scénario cognitif ont un comportement similaire dans les deux langues confrontéesConducted in a comparative perspective, this research aims to describe the lexicon of affect nouns in order to underline the converging areas and diverging areas in two genealogically related languages - French and Romanian - in two lines of thought: diachronic analysis concerning the dynamics of the evolution of the Romanian emotional vocabulary permeated with words of French origin and synchronic analysis of combinatorial features of affect nouns. Such research has highlighted some very interesting cases, the points where these two systems are similar, but not completely coincide. But despite the small specific morphosyntactic and combinatorial differences evidenced in the expression of emotions, they generally bear homogeneity of linguistic functioning. This fact is not only interesting in terms of comparative syntax, but also by the fact that the affect nouns performing the same cognitive scenario have similar behavior in both languages faced
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Armelin, Paula Roberta Gabbai. "A relação entre gênero e morfologia avaliativa nos nominais do português brasileiro: uma abordagem sintática da formação de palavras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-11092015-161137/.
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Este trabalho se insere no âmbito dos estudos a respeito da formação de palavras e pretende analisar a estrutura morfossintática de diminutivos e aumentativos do português brasileiro construídos com os formadores -inh/-zinh e -ã/-zã, respectivamente. Mais especificamente, o recorte empírico feito na tese pode ser dividido em duas grandes linhas: uma que aborda a interação entre as marcas de diminutivo e de aumentativo com as marcas de gênero/classe nominal e outra que contempla a (im)possibilidade de que as formações diminutivas e aumentativas sejam não-composicionalmente interpretadas. Para tanto, reanalisamos o estatuto das noções de gênero e classe nominal, propondo que elas ocupam a mesma posição na estrutura sintática. Tal posição é identificada como uma projeção de gênero, que é parte da projeção estendida do nome. Os formadores de diminutivo e aumentativo são analisados com base nas relações que estabelecem com esse núcleo sintático de gênero. A hipótese de base é a de que nuances na relação entre os formadores avaliativos e o núcleo de gênero revelam aspectos significantes da posição estrutural ocupada por cada um deles. Em linhas gerais, propomos que o diminutivo -inh se diferencia dos outros formadores por compartilhar com a raiz o mesmo núcleo de gênero. Essa estrutura é capaz de dar conta, entre outros fatos empíricos, da possibilidade de que a vogal final da forma diminutiva seja idêntica à vogal final da forma não-diminutiva, ainda que tal vogal seja condicionada pela raiz. Por outro lado, a vogal final que completa o aumentativo -ã reflete os padrões gerais da língua, independentemente da raiz presente na derivação. Tomamos esse fato como evidência de que o aumentativo e a raiz possuem núcleos independentes de gênero. No que diz respeito às construções aumentativas e diminutivas encabeçadas pela consoante -z, a presença de núcleos de gênero independentes na estrutura sintática é ainda mais clara, uma vez que tanto a vogal que completa a raiz, como a vogal que completa as formas -zinh e -zã são fonologicamente realizadas. Assim como no caso das formações com -ã, a vogal que completa os formadores de grau encabeçados por -z é completamente independente da raiz que participa da formação, seguindo o padrão mais geral da língua. Esses fatores fazem a análise do aumentativo -ã e a análise das formas encabeçadas por -z bastante similares uma à outra: tais formas possuem, em sua estrutura sintática, um núcleo de gênero que é independente daquele que categoriza a raiz. No entanto, há diferenças no comportamento dessas formas que acabam por separar de um lado o aumentativo -ã e, de outro, as formas -zinh e -zã. Propomos que tais diferenças são derivadas do fato de o primeiro formador se anexar abaixo do núcleo de número, enquanto os dois últimos entram na estrutura depois que ela já possui um núcleo de número. Por fim, dentro de uma visão localista de gramática, em que a atribuição de significado não-composicional deverá ser licenciada dentro de domínios bem definidos, discutimos a composicionalidade das formações partir das posições sintáticas atribuídas a cada um dos formadores em questão.This work is inserted within the scope of the studies that investigate word formation, and aims to analyze the morphosyntactic structure of diminutives and augmentatives in Brazilian Portuguese built with the formatives -inh/-zinh, and -ã/-za, respectively. More specifically, the empirical path of this thesis can be divided into two main lines: one that addresses the interaction of diminutive and augmentative with the notions of gender/noun classes, and one that addresses the (im)possibility of a non-compositional interpretation being attributed to the structure. In order to do so, it was necessary to review the status of notions like gender and noun class in the grammar, and the formal representation attributed to them. I propose that gender and noun class occupy the very same position in the syntactic structure. This position is identified as a gender projection, which is part of the extended projection of the noun. Diminutive and augmentative markers are, then, analyzed based on the relations they establish with the syntactic gender head. The underlying hypothesis is that differences in the relation established between the evaluative formatives and the gender head reveal important aspects of the structural position that hosts each of them. More specifically, I propose that the diminutive -inh differs from other formatives, because it shares with the root the same gender head. In this sense, -inh is attached to the same gender projection responsible for categorizing the root. This structure is capable of accounting, among other empirical facts, for the possibility that the final vowel of diminutive and nondiminutive forms is identical, even if it is a root-conditioned element. On the other hand, the final vowel that completes -ã augmentatives always reflects the general gender pattern of the language, quite independently of the root. I take this as evidence that, unlike the diminutive, the augmentative and the root have independent gender heads. Thus, the syntactic structure proposed for the augmentative formation has two gender heads: one that attaches to the root, and another one that attaches directly to the augmentative. The distance between the root and the gender head that follows the augmentative is responsible for the default phonological realization of the final vowel of the augmentative. In the same sense, in the diminutive and augmentative formations built with -zinh and -zã, the presence of two independent gender heads is even clearer, since they can be phonologically identified in the output form. It is proposed, then, that, just as in is the case of the -ã forms, the vowel completing -zinh and -zã occupies a gender head that is independent from the one that categorizes the root. Differences in the behavior of these forms point to a split between -ã on one side, and -zinh/-zã on the other. We propose that these differences are derived from the fact that while -ã attaches below a number head, -zinh/-zã, on the other hand, attaches above a number head. Finally, within a localist view of grammar, in which the licensing of noncompositional meaning must be conditioned by local domains of syntactic structure, the possibility and impossibility of non-compositional interpretation being attributed to diminutive and augmentative formations is derived from the syntactic positions assigned to each of the formatives.
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Pawou, Molu Solange. "Problèmes de morphophonologie nominale en langue bamun (shüpamem)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC060/document.
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La présente thèse questionne, sur le fondement des hypothèses de l’interface directe (Scheer 2011, Lowenstamm 1999, Guerssel&Lowenstamm 1990) et du minimalisme non lexicaliste (Halle&Marantz 1993), l’importance de l’information suprasegmentale (Leben 1973) en morphologie. Elle croise, pour ce faire, la phénoménologie de début de mot en bamun (Niger-Congo, EasternGrassfields Bantu, Nun) (Hyman&Voorhoeve 1980), une langue à classes nominales parlée au Cameroun, et la relation d’accord entre affixes de classes nominales et racine.Un fil conducteur, la nasalité, permet de remonter le cours de la dérivation des formes nominales du bamun construites à partir d’une racine postulée a-catégorielle (Acquaviva 2009) et de têtes fonctionnelles (Marantz 1997). Au travers de la sélection allophonique des segments en C1 et de la sélection allomorphique du préfixe nominal, on voit que son mode d’ancrage sur le palier métrique via un pied iambique (Hayes 1985) et la façon dont elle investit la position forte (Ségéral & Scheer 2001) du palier squelettal, déterminent la configuration du gabarit nominal en bamun. Ce qui fait du syncrétisme genre-nombre-diminutif observé dans ces formes nominales plus une conséquence de la dissimilation segmentale, à l’origine de la nature tonale du pluriel morphologique, que le résultat d’une opération d’appauvrissement (Bonet 1991) qui effacerait totalement l’information du genre. Celle-ci peut ne pas être exprimée, et est alors marquée par un diminutif à lecture référentielle, phonétiquement réalisée sur l’unité CV-initiale, posée comme existante et jamais licenciée dans une langue pourtant à groupe consonantique exclusivement de type Sonorant-Obstruante comme se révèle être le bamunThe following thesis investigates, built on the direct interface hypothesis (Scheer 2011, Lowenstamm 1999, Guerssel & Lowenstamm 1990) and the non-lexicalist minimalist view of the grammar (Halle & Marantz 1993), the importance of suprasegmental information (Leben 1973) in morphology. It crosses, for this purpose, the phenomenology of the left margin of nouns in Bamum (Niger-Congo, Bantu Grassfields, EasternGrassfields Bantu, Nun) (Hyman & Voorhoeve 1980), a noun class language spoken in Cameroon, and the agreement relationship between noun class affixes and the root.Nasality, a peculiar feature in the language, is used to trace the course of the derivation of Bamum nouns constructed from a postulated a-categorial root (Acquaviva 2009) and functional heads (Marantz 1997). Through the allophonic selection of segments in C1 and the allomorphic selection of the nominal prefix, we see that its mode of anchoring on the metrical tier via an iambic foot (Hayes 1985) and the way it invests the strong position (Ségéral & Scheer 2001) on the skeletal tier, determine the configuration of the bamum nominal template. Thus, the observed gender-number-diminutive syncretism in these nominal forms is more a consequence of a segmental dissimilation, at the origin of the tonal nature of the morphological plural, than the result of an operation of impoverishment (Bonet 1991) which will completely delete the information of gender. When not expressed, gender is marked by a diminutive morpheme with referential reading, which occupies the initial CV site, proven existing and never licensed in Bamum, a not so hypothetical language of exclusively Nasal-Obstruent initial clusters
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Blakqori, Teutë. "Le groupe nominal en albanais : morphologie, syntaxe, interprétation." Paris 8, 2013. http://octaviana.fr/document/175828784#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
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L’objectif de cette thèse est de décrire le syntagme nominal en albanais en cherchant à corréler les effets sémantiques observés aux propriétés morphosyntaxiques. Selon les grammaires albanaises traditionnelles, le nom apparaît sous deux formes différentes : la première qui est appelée « la forme déterminée » (e shquar), et la deuxième « la forme indéterminée » (e pashquar). L’examen d’une quantité d’exemples, attestés et forgés, révèle que même la forme « indéterminée » peut donner lieu à une interprétation « définie », et que les propriétés morphologiques et distributionnelles des noms « indéterminés » permettent de les rapprocher de ce que les chercheurs travaillant sur d'autres langues à articles ont appelé les noms nus (sans déterminant anglais bare nouns). La comparaison des noms « indéterminés » albanais et des « noms nus » décrits dans d’autres langues permet de dégager des propriétés précises. Une partie importante de ce travail est consacrée aussi aux trois sujets suivants : (i) le DP défini, donnant lieu à trois interprétations : défini fort, faible et générique ; (ii) le DP démonstratif ; et (iii) l’article de connexion (AC), analysé comme un marqueur d’accord signalant le déplacement d’un NP à gauche d’un modifieurThe goal of this dissertation is to provide a description of the noun phrase and to correlate interpretation and morphosyntax. Traditional grammars of Albanian distinguish between two surface forms of the noun: a "determined" form (e shquar) and a determinerless/ "undetermined" form (e pashquar). Two observations may be made from the data (both drawn from attested texts or discourse, and elicited), namely, that contrary to expectation, a some "undetermined" noun phrases are open to "definite" readings and (ii) that, to some extent, the distribution of "undetermined" noun phrases corresponds to that of bare nouns in other languages. The analysis of Albanian determinerless noun phrases as bare nouns sheds some light on their distributional and interpretative properties. The present study is also concerned with the following topics: (i) the interpretations available for definite DPs — weak definite, strong definite and generic (ii) demonstrative noun phrases (iii) the ‘connective article’, which I analyse as an agreement marker signalling that an inflected noun phrase has raised to the left of some modifier
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Ollomo, Ella Régis. "Description linguistique du shiwa, langue bantu du Gabon. : phonologie, morphologie, syntaxe, lexique." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030129/document.
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Le présent travail est une description linguistique du shiwa, une langue bantu du Nord-Est du Gabon.La thèse comporte trois parties précédées d’une introduction générale qui situe le shiwa et les Shiwa dans leur environnement géographique, sociolinguistique et socioculturel. Cette introduction présente également les données exploitées et les conditions de leur collecte.La partie phonétique et phonologie (phonématique et analyse tonale) est traitée dans l’optique fonctionnaliste. Le shiwa présente un grand nombre de réalisations phonétiques et un système phonologique complexe, six tons se réalisant sur plusieurs registres. La complexité phonétique est liée à la monosyllabisation. Elle engendre des consonnes complexes, palatalisées, labialisées, affriquées, des voyelles centralisées et nasalisées. Le système phonologique présente de multiples mécanismes de variations libres, combinatoires et contextuelles.La morphologie inspirée des méthodes de l’Ecole de Londres montre un système d’accord bantu classique avec, cependant, un nombre restreint de schèmes d’accord et de classes. La langue fait usage au singulier des mêmes préfixes pour l’ensemble des classes.Le lexique exploité compte 1104 termes, transcrits, segmentés, rangés selon la classe avec une référence les liant à l’annexe audio.Outre les éléments de description linguistique, la thèse comprend des fichiers sons. Ces fichiers sons comportent une partie des données collectées sur le terrain soit une dizaine d’heures d’enregistrements sur des lexiques spécialisés, des questionnaires et des récitsThe present work is a linguistic description of the Shiwa, a Bantu language of northeastern Gabon. The thesis has three parts preceded by a general introduction. It places the Shiwa and Shiwa in their geographical, sociolinguistic and sociocultural environment. The introduction also presents the data used and the conditions of their collection.Phonetics and phonology part use the functionalist perspective. Shiwa has many phonetic realisations, a complex phonological system and six tones. Phonetic complexity is related to the monosyllabisation. It generates complex consonants, palatalized, labialized, affricates, centralized and nasalized vowels. The phonological system has multiple mechanisms of free, combinatorial and contextual variations.The morphology is based on the London School methods. It brings to light a system with classical Bantu agreements system. However, the language has few classes and agreements marks. It uses the same singular prefixes for all classes.The lexicon contain 1104 words, transcribed, segmented, classified by class and linking to the audio Annex.In addition to the elements of linguistic description, the thesis includes a sound data. This contain a part of data collected during our investigations: ten hours of recordings on specialized lexicons, questionnaires and stories
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Yahaya, Moinaecha Cheikh. "L’onomastique comorienne: etude linguistique." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-98404.
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Dans cette etude nous nous sommes fixé commee objectif principal la recherche des morphèmes nominaux altérés dans la langue courante et qui se manifestent au niveau des noms propres surtout au niveau des composés. Ces éléments nous permettront de mieux comprendre le système morphologique du comorien et compléter une etude en cours sur la morphologie des nominaux. L’étude morphologique du nom propre sera complétée par une étude syntaxique des différents éléments qui le composent. Les indications socio-culturelles et socio-linguistiques étant très significatives, nous introduirons une approche thématique qui nous éclairera un peu sur ce sujet.
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Pantcheva, Daniéla. "Etude linguistique d'"Ysaye Le Triste" : morphologie nominale et verbale." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30061.
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Le roman d'"Ysay͏̈e le Triste" est une oeuvre imposante du moyen âge tardif qui nous parvient grâce à l'édition d'André Giacchetti aux Presses universitaires de Rouen. Sa description systématique se propose d'une part de compléter utilement la documentation sur la prose littéraire, d'autre part de faciliter l'accès au texte. L'ampleur du matériau à traiter et le désir d'exhaustévité a nécessité l'élaboration d'une concordance KWIC aprés collationnement avec le manuscrit de base (ms 2524 de Darmstadt). L'oeuvre est d'un grand intérêt linguistique : la langue trés dialectilisée du nord du domaine picard témoigne de la compréhension interdialectale ; la morphologie et la syntaxe, trés régulatrices, penchent vers un usage médiéval en voie de déclin et pourraient fournir à elles seules tout le corpus d'une grammaire de la langue ancienne ; le lexique et la phraséologie, également trés conservateurs, pourraient enrichir des études de vocabulaire et renseigner sur l'évolution de l'usageThe romance of "Ysay͏̈e le Trist" is a voluminous novel from the late Middle ages edited by André Giacchetti (Publications de l'Université de Rouen N° 142). Its systematic linguistic description gives the reader the possibility to acess the text with greater ease and to complete usefully the documentation of the litterary prose. The size of the material to be treated and the desire of exhaustiveness required the creation of a KWIX concordance after having collected the text with the basic manuscript (ms 2524 Darmstadt). Phonetic and lexical observations are scattered throughout the whole thesis. Sub-systems are studied in their reciprocal relationships
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Pérennec, Marie-Hélène. "Le groupe nominal en Allemand moderne." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA04A001.
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Le groupe nominal en allemand a rarement fait l'objet d'études d'ensemble. Ce travail s'attache à une description globale du groupe nominal, dans l'optique d'une grammaire du décodage. Il vise à démontrer, dans un premier temps, que l'ordre en chaine du groupe nominal en allemand en reflète la structure profonde, c'est à dire le sens, et s'oppose par la aux conceptions de la grammaire générative et du modèle fourquetien. L'analyse détaillée des constituants du groupe est menée dans une perspective pragmatique. Les marquants des catégories nominales ou déterminants sont décrits comme les opérateurs d'un contrat d'identification passe entre le locuteur et l'allocute. L'étude des principaux déterminants (articles, démonstratifs, possessifs) et de certains quantificateurs illustre les différents types de "contrats de désignation". Les expansions de la base (relatives, épithètes, compléments du nom au génitif) ont leur rôle à jouer dans le processus de désignation et doivent être analysées en relation étroite avec les marques de la définitude. Ces analyses conduisent à poser le problème de la nature syntaxique des nominalisations. La dernière partie est consacrée à la fonction textuelle du groupe nominal. A travers l'étude des désignations successives d'un même réfèrent au sein d'un texteThe noun phrase in German has seldom been the subject of a general survey. The aim of this work is an overall description of the noun phrase, in the framework of a grammar of decoding systems. We have endeavoured to prove, in a first stage, that the chain order of the noun phrase in German reflects its deep structure, that is to say its meaning, thus contradicting the precepts of generative grammar and Fourquet's model. The work is based on a detailed analysis of the elements of the noun phrase in a pragmatic perspective. The markers of noun categories or determiners are described as the operators in an identification contract between speaker and hearer. The study of the principal determiners (articles, demonstrative or possessive adjectives) and of certain quantifiers illustrates the various types of "designation contracts". The expansions of the noun base (relative clauses, attributive adjectives, genitive noun complements) play a role in the process of designation and must be analysed in close relationship with the definite markers. Such analyses naturally lead one to pose the problem of the syntactic nature of nominalization
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Varvara, Rossella. "Verbs as nouns: empirical investigations on event-denoting nominalizations." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1175499.
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In this thesis, I study the differences in form and interpretation presented by event-denoting nominalizations. Frequently, languages have more than one type of event nominalization, such as deverbal nouns derived by means of suxes (Italian mutamento / mutazione, ‘change’, ‘mutation’, or English assignment, explosion) and their corresponding verbal nouns, e.g. infinitives (il mutare, ‘the changing’) or gerunds (exploding). These are usually perceived as alternatives, since their semantic difference is not clearly understood by neither native speakers nor linguists.
The aim of this work is to understand the rationale that leads us to choose one form instead of the other and to define the linguistic features involved. The hypothesis underlying the whole thesis is that different forms are never true synonyms and, thus, present some differences in use, distribution or meaning.
In a first study, I explore the role of the base verb in the nominalization selection. I investigate if the various nominalizations are formed from different types of base verbs and which characteristics define their domain of application. By means of statistical modeling, I highlight how the transitivity of the base verb partially determines which nominalization is preferred. Moreover, I show that NIs are not used to make up for the lack of a corresponding EDN, refuting previous claims.
Then, I move forward analyzing the cases in which both forms are derived from the same base and I try to understand if they differ in meaning. In the second study presented, I use collocation analysis to observe their semantic dissimilarities. With focus on a single syntactic pattern, I find out that nominal infinitives and deverbal nouns inherit only part of the base verb senses. The former usually prefer metaphorical and abstract senses, whereas the latter select more concrete and literal ones.
Lastly, I use distributional semantic models to observe quantitatively the semantic shift of the two processes. I confirm the hypothesis that nominal infinitives are more transparent and more semantically regular than deverbal nouns, given their inflectional nature.
The studies presented have been conducted on Italian and German; however, the findings are relevant for the general treatment of nominalizations and may be replicated for further languages. Overall, my work shows how quantitative analyses of corpus data can help us investigate problems that are hardly addressed by linguists introspection. Moreover, it includes in the study of nominalizations nominal infinitives, non-finite verbal forms which, contrary to English gerunds, have not received the attention they deserve.
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Ayyūb, Ǧūrǧīn Milner Jean-Claude. "La question de la phrase nominale en arabe littéraire : prédicats, figures, catégories /." Lille : Atelier national de reproduction des thèses, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41153551t.
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Mekina, Emilienne-Nadège. "Description du fang-nzaman, langue bantoue du Gabon : phonologie et classes nominales." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0328.
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Cette thèse consiste en une description du Fang-Nzaman, langue bantoue parlée au Gabon en Afrique Centrale. Le travail présente la phonologie en commençant par l'identification des phonèmes, avec la mise en relief des paires minimales qui permettent d'opposer les phonèmes : /mb/ vs /b/ et de les classer comme unités distinctives. Le choix des oppositions qui sont présentées a été fait en fonction des éléments nécessaires à l'identification dans certaines positions. Pour les phonèmes, le lexème permet les oppositions dans les structures les plus usitées. Les phonèmes sont ainsi définis dans leur fonctionnement et dans leur classement.Les unités discrètes sont indispensables au fonctionnement de langues, mais les éléments majeurs suprasegmentaux de la prosodie que sont les tons dans le fang-nzaman le sont aussi. Ils sont répertoriés en tons ponctuels et tons modulés.L'organisation de ces unités a permis l'identification de différentes positions occupées par les catégories grammaticales ou lexicales dans le syntagme ; après la définition des éléments du système dans le cadre syntaxique, on a procédé à l'analyse des classes nominales. L'étude des catégories grammaticales permet également d'envisager la morphologie dans le cadre d'un paradigme nominal et dans un aperçu du paradigme verbal. Le paradigme nominal inventorie les indices de classe, les détermine à partir de trois critères, la forme du préfixe nominal, l'appariement des classes et les accords de classe. La langue permet aussi d'étudier le fonctionnement des indices de classe avec les pronoms dans les énoncésThis thesis is a description of Fang-Nzaman, a Bantu language spoken in Gabon, in Central Africa. This work identifies the phonemes of Fang-Nzaman, highlighting the existence of minimal pairs opposing the phonemes /mb/ and /b/, which shows that they are distinctive units.The oppositions presented were chosen according to the representativeness of the elements necessary to identification in certain positions. For phonemes, the lexeme allows for oppositions in the most commonly used structures. Phonemes are thus defined in terms of their behaviour and their classification.Discrete units are key to the understanding of languages, but major suprasegmental elements of prosody, such as the tones of Fang-Nzaman, are also crucial. They are classified into punctual tones and contour tones.The organization of those units has made it possible to identify the various positions occupied by the grammatical or lexical categories in the syntactic unit and to define the elements of the system within a syntactic framework, prior to the analysis of noun classes.Thus, the study of grammatical categories makes it possible to analyze morphology in terms of a noun paradigm and, briefly, a verb paradigm. The noun paradigm lists the class affixes, identifying them on the basis of three criteria: form of the noun prefix, pairing and class inflection. The language also makes it possible to show how class affixes are used with pronouns in speech
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Oliveira, Anna Maria Russo Patricio de. "Aspectos semânticos, conceituais e morfo-sintáticos das categorias nominais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-05022010-155317/.
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Esta dissertação discute o estatuto morfossintático, semântico e conceitual das categorias nominais, a partir das denominações encontradas em textos didáticos e em trabalhos acadêmicos. O objetivo principal é esclarecer alguns aspectos que ainda permanecem obscuros na literatura, principalmente no que diz respeito às extensões de determinadas categorias nominais. As categorias discutidas neste trabalho são os nomes próprios, os nomes concretos e abstratos, os nomes de eventos e os nomes coletivos. Investigam-se especialmente as particularidades ligadas à interpretação das diferentes categorias nominais enquanto possíveis desencadeadoras de diferentes modos de denotação. Tendo como ponto de partida a semântica formal, este trabalho recebe contribuições também de outras sub-áreas da lingüística, assim como da filosofia da linguagem. Devido à escassez de embasamento teórico recente, foram buscados argumentos tanto em autores oriundos do campo filosófico tais como Russell, Wittgenstein e Varzi como lingüistas relativamente pouco freqüentados em nossos dias, como Jespersen e Pichon. O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, que priorizou como objeto de análise, a língua portuguesa do Brasil, parece apontar alguns aspectos relevantes na diferenciação e na delimitação das classes nominais supra citadas. No caso dos nomes próprios, foi possível observar que as duas principais teorias que tratam deles, a descritivista e a referencialista, não são necessariamente excludentes. Do estudo dos vários autores que, de uma forma ou de outra, aderiram a essas teorias, evidenciou-se que cada uma delas, isoladamente tomada, apresenta deficiências que poderiam ser preenchidas pela outra e que ambas poderiam ser beneficiadas pelo acréscimo do fator contextual. Embora haja consenso quanto ao fato de que, do ponto de vista sintático, os nomes próprios ocupam o lugar do sujeito em sentenças afirmativas e que, do ponto de vista lógico, nomes próprios são todas as expressões nominais definidas, não é suficientemente salientado que, nesse aspecto, os nomes próprios são uma subclasse dos nomes concretos, assim como, de acordo com Ockham, coincidem com os nomes concretos os adjetivos empregados na predicação. Quanto à classe dos nomes abstratos, esta mostrou-se muito mais ampla do que se possa imaginar, abarcando além dos nomes abstratos de qualidades, derivados de adjetivos, também os nomes de ação e de estados, de derivação verbal, e os nomes quantificados (pela aposição de sufixos como edo, al, ama) ou massificados (pela aposição de sufixos como ada), de derivação substantival. No que diz respeito aos nomes coletivos, a pesquisa mostrou que, por exemplo, quando são examinados em sua forma desenvolvida (grupo de flores, no lugar de buquê), estes formam uma classe conspícua e de vasta aplicação. Além disso, o estudo dessa categoria abriu um interessante questionamento no que diz respeito à denotação dos nomes de espécies, pois os nomes coletivos teriam, apesar do atributo, uma extensão menor daquela dos nomes comuns. Os nomes de eventos constituíram também um assunto que não pode ser examinado apenas do ponto de vista semântico. No decorrer da pesquisa, este assunto levantou importantes aspectos morfológicos e sintáticos, pois, contrariamente ao que é consenso na literatura, os nomes de evento não parecem ser necessariamente de derivação verbal. No português, por exemplo, foram detectados vários nomes não deverbais que denotam eventos (festa, desastre, neblina, etc.), que são selecionados pelos mesmos verbos que selecionam os nomes de eventos derivados.This work discusses the morphosyntatic, semantic and conceptual statute of nominal categories from the denominations found in textbooks and academic writings. The main purpose is to clarify some aspects which remain obscure in the literature, mainly in regard to extensions of particular nominal categories. The categories discussed are the proper names, the concrete and abstract names, the event nouns and collective nouns. Particularities related to interpretations of different nominal categories are investigated as possible triggers of different denotation modes. Formal Semantics is the starting point of this work, which also has contributions from other subareas of Linguistics and from Philosophy of Language as well. Due to the lack of recent theoretical framework, arguments have been searched either in authors deriving from the philosophical area such as Russell, Wittgenstein and Varzi, or in not frequently studied nowadays linguists, like Jespersen and Pichon. The development of this research, which prioritized as its main analysis object Brazilian Portuguese, seems to point out some relevant aspects in the differentiation and delimitation of the nominal classes supra cited. Regarding proper names, it was possible to observe that the two main theories that deal with them, the descriptivist and referentialist ones, are not necessarily excludent. Considering the authors who somehow adhered to these theories, it became evident that each of them presents deficiencies that could be filled by the other and that both would benefit from the addition of the contextual factor. Despite of the consensus about the fact that, according to the syntactic point of view, proper names occupy the subject position in affirmative sentences and that, according to the logical point of view, proper names are all the definite nominal expressions, it is not enough highlighted that, in respect to that, proper names are a subclass of concrete names, likewise, to Ockham, III coincide with concrete nouns the adjectives used in predication. Concerning the abstract names class, it turned out to be much larger than could be expected, including not only the abstract names of qualities, but also nouns of actions and states, of verbal derivation, and the nouns quantified (by the adposition of suffixes like -edo, -al, -ama) or massified (by the adposition of suffixes like -ada), of nominal derivation. With respect to collective nouns, the research revealed that, for instance, when examined in their developed form grupo de flores (group of flowers) instead of buquê (bouquet), they represent a conspicuous class of large application. Additionally, the study of this category led to an interesting questioning of the species names denotation because the collective nouns seem to have, besides the attribute, a smaller extension than that of common names. Similarly, event nouns cant be analyzed only on a semantic basis. As the research advanced, this issue raised important morphological and syntactic aspects, because in spite of the consensus found in the literature, event nouns dont seem to be necessarily derived from verbs. In Portuguese, for example, there are non-deverbal event nouns like festa (party), desastre (disaster), neblina (fog), etc., which are selected by the same verbs that select the derived event nouns.
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Rabassa, Lídia. "Phonetique, phonologie et morphologie nominale du catalan andorran : le systeme et ses variations." Toulouse 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU20024.
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Cette these a pour objectif d'etudier la situation linguistique du catalan, langue officielle de l'etat andorran. Elle analyse l'evolution de la langue, en synchronie, a travers trois generations. Elle est composee de trois parties. La premiere s'attache a faire une description phonetique et phonologique des meteriaux oraux recueillis sur le terrain; la deuxieme s'occupe du contact phonetique entre les mots (phonosyntaxe). La troisieme concerne la morphologie nominale et adjectivale. A travers ces trois volets, nous etudions la variation linguistique intralocuteur et inter-locuteur. Notre demarche consiste a proposer trois informateurs de classes d'age differentes, dans chaque localite etudieecontrairement a la dialectologie classique -, afin de mieux approcher la realite plurielle de la langue et a deceler dans les indices de stabilite du systeme, de possibles "fractures". Notre methodologie consiste a travailler sur un dictionnaire de variables. La variation est plus importante dans le domaine phonetique et phonologique, que dans le domaine morphologique ou elle est quasiment nulle. L'etude du changement linguistique a travers les differents groupes d'age, nous a permis de conclure que le catalan d'andorre est en pleine mutation. Si certaines de ses variantes se maintiennent, d'autres ont disparu ou sont en train de disparaitreThe purpose of this thesis is to study the linguistic situation of catalan, the official language of the andorran state. It analyses, synchronically, the evolution of this language through three age classes. It is composed of three parts. The first one is a phonetic and phonemic description of the oral material collected. The second one deals with the phonetic contact of the words (phonosyntax). The third one is about noun and adjective morphology. Through these three aspects, we study the linguistic variation that may occur within a single spiker's utterances as well as among several speakers'utterances. Our method consist in choosing three informants of different age classes for each locality concerned - contrary to the habits in traditional dialect studying-, in order to have a better view of the multiform reality of language and to detect possible breaks among indications of the stability of the system. Our methodology consists in working on a dictionnary of variables. Variation proves greater within phonetics and phonemics than within morphology, in which field it almost never occurs. The study of linguistic change through the different age groups allowed us to conclude that andorran catalan is currently going through an important mutation
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Faust, Noam. "Forme et fonction dans la morphologie nominale de l'hébreu moderne : études en morpho-syntaxe." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070104.
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CCette thèse traite des schèmes nominaux de l'hébreu moderne (HM). Elle examine les deux assertions suivantes : 1 ) Les mots sont construits en syntaxe. 2) La forme d'un mot est indicative de sa structure syntaxique. Il s'ensuit de la conjonction de (1) et (2) que la forme des mots est moins arbitraire qu'il ne le semble, car elle peut être motivée par leur structure syntaxique. Inversement, la structure morpho-syntaxique des mots peut être de��tectée à travers l'analyse de leur forme. Dans cette thèse, sont fournis plusieurs cas pour lesquels cette approche à la morphologie est confirmée par sa capacité de motiver la distribution des signifiants dans la langue. Ma conclusion est que la forme des mots, si elle est arbitraire, n'est pas fortuite : elle peut être motivée synchroniquement. La première partie de la thèse traite exclusivement des processus phonologiques. Elle examine l'alternance vocalique V₋₁~V₂ou V~Ø (épenthèse ou syncope). Les trois chapitres analytiques suivants traitent des différents aspects de la morpho-syntaxe de l'HM. Le chapitre 4 étudie les noms non-affixés et tire des conclusions pour la théorie des phases. Le chapitre 5 examine les différents suffixes de l'HM. Finalement, le dernier chapitre traite des noms qui sont liés au système verbal : participes, nom en m-, infinitifs et agentifs. Dans ces chapitres, l'homophonie et l'allomorphie s'avèrent être non-arbitraires. Plus généralement, une dépendance non-superficielle se révèle entre forme (phonologie) et fonction (structure syntaxique). La thèse confirme donc les assertions 1 et 2This dissertation treats nominal patterns in Modem Hebrew (henceforth MH). In it, I explore the two following claims: 1)Words are built in Syntax. 2)The form of a word is indicative of its syntactic structure. It follows from the conjunction of the two claims that the form of a word is less arbitrary than it might seem, because it an be motivated by the syntactic structure of the word. Inversely, the (morpho-)syntactic structure of word can be detected through the examination of the form of that word. In the dissertation, I show several cases in which this approach to morphology is invalidated through its capacity to motivate the distribution of signifiants in the language. My main conclusion is that the form of a word, however arbitrary, is often not accidental: it can be motivated synchronically. The first part of the dissertation deals with exclusively phonological processes. I examine vocalic alternation between two different vowels or between a vowel and Ø (=syncope or epenthesis). The following three analytic chapters deal with different aspects of MH morpho-syntax. In chapter 4 I study unaffixed nouns and draw conclusions for Phase Theory chapter 5 examines the various suffixes of MH and the processes related to them. Finally, in the last chapter I turn to nouns that are related to verbs: participles, m-nouns, infinitives and agentives. In these chapters, homophony and allomorphy are shown to be non-arbitrary. These three chapters ail point to a non-trivial dependency between form (phonology) and function (syntactic structure). The dissertation thus lends support to (1&2) above
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MAUREL, JEAN PIERRE. "Le syntagme nominal en latin : syntaxe et semantique (les emplois du genitif chez plaute et terence)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR20007.
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La these est consacree a un aspect particulier du fonctionnement du syntagme nominal en latin: l'emploi du genitif (chez plaute et terence). L'etude des datifs "de possession" et de "sympathie" jette un doute sur l'existence d'emplois "possessifs". Le genitif marque en fait une subordination ou le terme au genitif est un "particulier". La comparaison des genitifs et ablatifs de "qualite" met ensuite en evidence des emplois classificatoires (non-referentiels). La prise en compte des genitifs "partitifs" suggere enfin de distinguer operations de quantification et operations de partition. Un nouveau principe de classement des genitifs fonde sur les proprietes referentielles des termes en presence est alors propose. Une reflexion generale sur l'emploi des cas et la nature des fonctions syntaxiques en latin conclut cette etudeThis thesis focuses on a particular aspect of the way the noun phrase operates in latin: the use of genitive (in plautus and terence). An analysis of the datives of "possession" and "sympathy" casts a doubt on the existence of strictly "possessive" uses: in point of fact, the genitive reveals a subordination in which the word in the genitive designates a "particular term". Comparing the genitives and ablatives of "quality" then makes it possible to identify certain classifying uses. The study of the genitives of "measurement" finally suggests to distinguish an operation of quantification and an operation of partition. A new mode of genitive classification is subsequently proposed, which is based on the referential properties of the terms under review. A general reflexion on the use of the cases and the nature of syntactic functions in latin concludes the study
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Ayoub, Georgine. "La question de la phrase nominale en arabe litteraire : predicats, figures, categories." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070096.
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Le travail presente comporte quatre volumes, constituant chacun a la fois une etude relativement autonome et une partie articulee a un ensemble. Une these de linguistique generale, unissant des domaines de la recherche linguistique tenus en general separes, est posee et examinee dans l'ensemble de l'etude. Il s'agit de la these suivante: les proprietes enonciatives du langage sont articulees a ses proprietes geometriques et categorielles. Cette articulation est examinee tant dans la phrase nominale que dans le systeme verbal. La langue etudiee est essentiellement la langue arabe litteraire consideree dans son historicite avec des vues comparatives sur les dialectes arabes proche-orientaux. Dans les volumes i et ii, et a partir des faits de la phrase nominale en arabe, une theorie de la predication est developpee qui cerne le role des categories du genre, du nombre et de la personne dans la constitution d'un enonce fini et d'un predicat. Ce role s'avere sensible aux agencements et a la position de ces categories dans l'enonce. Le volume iii etudie, en se fondant sur cette theorie, les predicats verbaux en arabe et pose une analyse du systeme verbal articulee au role des particules et de leurs agencements dans la langue. Le volume iv part de l'etude des categories nominales derivees en arabe et pose une theorie des categories, de la relation entre categories syntaxiques et predicats et du role des categories quant a la stabilite et a la deformabilite dans le langageThe work presented comprises four volumes, each of these volumes constitutes both an independent study and a part of a whole. A thesis in general linguistics, unifying several concepts held so far apart, is stated and examined in the whole work. It is the following: the enunciative properties of language are closely related (articulated) to its geometrical and categorial properties. These relationships are examined in the nominal and in the verbal sentence. The language studied is literary arabic, considered at different stages of its evolution, with some insights on near-eastern arabic dialects. In volumes i and ii, a theory of predication is developed, starting from the facts of nominal sentence in arabic, and the role of the categories of gender, number and person in the constitution of an utterance (enonce) and a predicate is determined. This role is partially function of the geometrical relations in the utterance. The third volume studies the verbal predicates in arabic and develops an analysis of the verbal system where the value of forms is linked to the role of particles in the language. The fourth volume examines the verbo-nominal categories in arabic and then, asserts some principles forward a theory of syntactical categories in language, essentially about the relation between predicates and categories and the role of categories in the dialectical movement of stability and deformability in language
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Dahech, Dhouha. "La dérivation nominale en français et en arabe : étude contrastive." Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN1026.
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Nous proposons dans ce travail une étude de la nominalisation en français avec une comparaison ponctuelle avec la langue arabe. Nous sommes partie de l’ensemble des noms de la langue française dérivés par suffixation et recueilli à partir du Petit Robert Electronique. Nous avons abordé les questions relatives à la nominalisation en suivant plusieurs axes : la morphologie, la sémantique, la syntaxe, la stylistique et l’analyse du discours. En effet, Nous avons fait l’étude de la formation de l’ensemble de ces noms. Nous avons tenté d’analyser les questions que posent les notions de base comme le radical, le suffixe et l’allomorphie par exemple. Une étude sémantique a été également effectuée. Son objectif est l’élaboration d’une classification des déverbaux selon leur interprétation. Nous avons distingué trois classes : les Prédicateurs, les Agentifs et les Instrumentaux et les Locatifs. C’est à partir de l’étude des propriétés morphologiques et syntaxiques des déverbaux que nous avons effectué ce classement. La question du rapport sémantique entre le verbe de départ et le déverbal a été également analysée. Au niveau syntaxique, nous avons tenté de traiter les propriétés des syntagmes nominaux à têtes prédicatives (les déterminants, les compléments post-nominaux…). Nous avons étudié aussi les caractéristiques stylistiques des noms déverbaux (thématisation, abstraction, généralisation…). Sur le plan discursif, nous avons étudié l’impact des données idéologiques, religieuses et culturelles sur l’emploi de certains déverbaux en français et en arabe qui apparaissent essentiellement dans le cadre du conflit du Moyen-OrientIn this dissertation, we are suggesting a study of the nominalization in french with a contrastive comparison with the arabic language. Our starting point is the french nouns derived by adding a suffix and found in the « Petit Robert Electronique ». We have tackled questions related to nominalization through following several axes: Morphology, Semantics, Syntax, Stylistics and Discourse Analysis. In fact, we have studied the process of formation of these nouns, and we have tried to analyse questions suggested by basic notions such as root, suffix, and allomorphism. A semantic study has been carried out as well. Its aim is the classification of deverbal nouns according to their interpretation. We have been able to distinguish between three categories: predicate, agentive ending, and instrumental case and locatives. It is starting from the morphological and syntactic characteristics of these deverbal nouns that we have reached this classification. The semantic relation between the verbs and their corresponding nouns has been analysed as well. At the syntactic level, we have attempted to focus on the characteristics of noun phrases with predicative heads, such as pre, and post-modifiers. We have equally studied the stylistic characteristics of deverbal nouns (thematization, abstraction and generalization, etc. )At the discursive level, we have pondered the impact of the ideological, religious and cultural context on the use of some deverbal nouns in the French and Arabic languages which are most apparent in the context of the Middle East Conflict
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Ngo, Balep Lydie. "Essai d'analyse contrastive de la détermination nominale en français et en basaa." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100158.
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Le syntagme nominal du français est construit autour du substantif qui en est le noyau, dont l'insertion en discours se fait à l'aide du déterminant spécifique, l'article. Il peut aussi acquérir les prédéterminant ou (et) les post déterminants qui représentent la détermination complémentaire du substantif. La nouvelle logique grammaticale repartit les déterminants quantifiants dont les quantifiants stricts, numériques et bipolaires; en déterminants caracterisants dont les caracterisants stricts, numériques et possessifs et en déterminants amalgames dont les amalgames stricts, possessifs et démonstratifs. Le syntagme nominal de la langue basaa est, comme celui du français, construit autour du nominal. Contrairement au substantif du français le nominal du basaa n'est pas articule. Il a la même forme en langue comme en discours : le radical est toujours préfixe à l'un des treize différentes modalités de classe appelées préfixes de classes. En dehors des déterminants quantifiants bipolaires et des caracterisants possessifs, la langue basaa comporte, tout comme le français, les déterminants quantifiants stricts, numériques et les déterminants amalgames stricts, possessifs et démonstratifs. Ils sont appelés nominaux dépendants et indépendantsThe nominal group in French is structured around the noun which is a center of the group; its insertion in the phrase is made with an article. The noun can also acquire predeterminants and postdeterminants which represent the supplementary determination of the noun. The new grammatical logic distributes of the determinants of the noun in quantitative strict, numerical and bipolar; in characterized strict numerical and possessive and in combined quantitative and characterized strict, possessive and demonstrative. The nominal group in basaa is also structured like the one in French; but it is not articulate. It is the same in language like in phrase. The stem is always prefixed to one of thirteen different prefixes of classes. Apart from determinants bipolar quantitative and possessive characterized, the basaa language have like the French language determinants strict, numerical quantitative, combined quantitative and characterized strict, possessive and demonstrative. Those determinants are called dependent nominal in relation with the independent nominal: the nouns. The system of agreement in these langages. .
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Al-Shatti, Mohammed. "Etude sociolinguistique des locutions verbales, nominales et adverbiales construites à partir du lexeme "feu"." Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030174.
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La visualisation des champs semantiques du lexeme "feu" met en evidence son evolution qui se repercute sur le nombre des locutions dans les dictionnaires standards et sur l'adaptation des nouvelles perspectives de la reorganisation lexicographique de ses semes. Dues aux changements des referents et de notre connaissance vis-a-vis d'eux, les mutations semantiques diachronique du "feu" prennent aussi la forme des deplacements des locutions des semes aux autres. En contre partie, "feu" se comporte differemment en francais regional et francophone en acquerant des semes absents du francais commun et auxquels se rattachent des multiples regionalismes. En effet, les mutations linguistiques du "feu" et ses locutions resultant de la variation spatiale sont equivalentes a celles consecutives au changement temporel. Du point de vue morpho-syntaxique, les locutions sont considerees comme des faits d'expansion unilaterale et bilaterale des noyaux formes du mot "feu". La variation de ces expansions indique les diverses places du terme dans l'enonce et exprime toutes les fonctions grammaticales. Sur l'axe historique, les divers semes du "feu" justifient son ouverture sur l'evolution du monde et sur le changement de la societe. De nombreux facteurs extra-linguistiques contribuent aux creations des nouveaux concepts et par consequent des nouvelles locutions, et jouent des roles capitaux dans leurs changements linguistiques. Geographiquement, "feu" reagit differemment suivant les regions et territoires francophones, dans lesquels de multiples facteurs humains et non humains participent aux creations et aux changements de nombreuses variantes linguistique. Suite aux transformations sociales, les divergences sont evidentes entre les francais regionaux qui disparaissent et les francais francophones qui s'officialisent. Dans ce cadre, il est important d'indiquer l'egalite des valeurs linguistiques de chaque locution au niveau potentiel mais aussi leur inegalite dans l'usage, dans la "protection sociale" dont certains rejouissent. Ainsi, la revendication quebecoise pour defendre la variete du francais local rend survie a des locutions qui sombrent dans l'oubli dans leur lieu d'origine, ou qui, ailleurs, sont presque entierement sorties de l'usage et ne sont que des archaismesThe semantic fields look into the french lexeme "feu" puts in obviousness its evolution showing how changes reverberate on a great number of locutions listed in switchboard dictionaries and also on the adaptation of new perspectives to the lexicographical reorganization of its semes. Owing to changes affecting the referents and the knowledge we assert besides them, semantic and diachronic mutations related to "feu" also behave in the forms of fixed locutions but new semes. In the regional variety and through out the french-speaking area, "feu" behaves differently by acquiring particular semes not attested in the standard language and to which are associated many regionalisms. In fact, linguistic mutations of "feu" and the locutions whose justification lays on spatial variation phenomenon are equivalent to those whose justification is found in the temporal change. On a morpho-syntactic viewpoint, locutions are considered as unilateral and bilateral expansion facts whose nuclei contain "feu". The variation of these expansions indicate the various place of the term in the statement and expresses all grammatical functions. On the historical axis, the various semes of "feu" justify it was opened to the evolution of the world and the social changes. Many extra-linguistic factors interfere in the creation of new concepts, and consequently of new locutions, and thus play significant roles as to the linguistic changes. Geographically, "feu" reacts differently following regions and french speaking areas in which lots of human and non human factors are involved in words creation or linguistic changes. Because of social transformations, divergences are evident between the regional variety of the french which are disappearing and the french speaking areas varieties in the way of officialization. In this framework, it is important to indicate the equality between the linguistic values of each locution at the potential level, and also the inequality in the usage are regards to the "social protection" some are credited. Thus quebec claim to defend the local french variety redynamises locutions already engaged in oblivion where they first came out, or those who, in other parts in the world are almost entirely no more in usage, when but archaisms
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Kang, Mi-Young. "L'interaction entre la morphologie et les conditions lexicales et phonologiques du Coréen-gémination dans un syntagme nominal, formation de glide et coalescence vocalique." Paris 7, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA070116.
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Cette thèse traite des noms composés du coréen, de la formation de glide, de la coalescence des voyelles et du choix du vocalisme du morphème causatif. Ces analyses, basées sur la vision d'une syllabe en stricte consécution de [cvcv], ont été rendues possibles en obtenant une nouvelle analyse des "tendues" et des "aspirées", et en dégageant quelques conditions de bonne formation lexicale des mots coréens. Nous démontrons le statut non-phonémique: - d'une "tendue" qui est l'interprétation phonétique d'une obstruante voisée post-implosive. - d'une "aspirée" qui est l'interprétation d'une obstruante dont l'élément "h" est lié directement à la racine; de plus, elle est précédée d'une consonne suivie d'un noyau vide. Nous proposons également: - qu'un gabarit fixe caractérise le lexème coréen. - qu'un site initial précède un mot coréen. Ainsi, la différence entre un lexème et un mot consiste en la présence d'un site initial dans un mot. Ces nouvelles analyses des "tendues" et des "aspirées" et les conditions de bonne formation lexicale des mots coréens servent à fonder une analyse du phénomène "sai-sios". Il est défini comme l'apparition d'une forme géminée ou d'une version "tendue" de la consonne initiale du deuxième item des noms composés, qui se produit à l'encontre d'une loi très générale du coréen qui nous conduirait à attendre une réalisation voisée, pour la première consonne du mot de droite, lorsque le mot de gauche se termine par une voyelle ou une sonnante. Les noms composés impliquent pour nous, des morphologies analytiques de deux types [[A][B]] et [[A]B]. Les différences entre ces deux structures sont visibles en phonologie : une classe sans phénomène "sai-sios" correspond à celle qui implique la morphologie analytique [[A]B]. Enfin, nous traitons de la formation de glide, tout en discutant de la coalescence vocalique qui a lieu dans le domaine de la formation d'un prédicat causatif. Ce faisant nous démontrons un ajustement du nombre de segments par rapport au gabarit fixe et le choix du vocalisme du morphème causatifThis thesis discusses the Korean compound nouns, the glide formation, the vocalic coalescence and the choice of the vocalism of the causative morpheme. To do this, we propose first a new analysis of "tensed segments" and "aspirated segments". We also bring out some well-formedness lexical conditions of korean words, and accept the view of a syllable as a strict consecution of [cvcv]. Our new analyses explain the non-phonemic status of "tensed segments" and "aspirated segments" as follows : - "tensed segments" are the phonetic interpretation of voiced post-implosive obstruents. - "aspirated segment" is the phonetic interpretation of an obstruent the h element of which is directly linked to the root ; furthermore, it is preceded by a consonant followed by an empty nucleus. Regarding the well-formedness conditions, we propose : - that a fixed size characterizes the korean lexeme. - That an initial site precedes a korean word. This indicates that the difference between the lexeme and a word consists of the presence of an initial site in the word. Our analysis of "tensed segments" and "aspirated segments" and some well-formedness lexical conditions of korean words gives rise to a new analysis of the "sai-sios phenomenon" defined as appearance of a geminated form or of "tensed" version of the initial consonant of the second item of the compound noun. This new form is produced against a general law from which we would expect a voiced realisation for the first consonant of the word on the right when the word on the left finishes by a vowel or sonorant. Compound nouns implicate two types of analytic morphology [[A][B]] and [[A]B]. Difference between these two structures is visible in phonology : a class without "sai-sios phenomenon" corresponds to the one implicating [[A][B]], and a class with "sai-sios phenomenon" corresponds to the one implicating [[A]B]. We also deal with the glide formation by introducing the discussion about vocalic coalescence that takes place in the causative predicate formation domain. We demonstrate an adjustment of segments' number in comparison to the fixed size and the choice of the vocalism of causative morpheme
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HABIBI, HASSAN. "Aspects de la phonologie et de la morphologie nominale en arabe marocain "le cas du pluriel brise"." Paris 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030155.
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Cette etude est une contribution au domaine de la recherche phonologique et morphologique de l'arabe marocain et plus particulierement celle de la derivation nominale dans cette meme langue. L'objectif premier de notre investigation est de decrire et d'analyser le fonctionnement du pluriel brise qui consiste en une infixation interne dans le scheme du singulier. Notre investigation sera basee sur les idees fondamentales de la theorie de la morphologie prosodique qui stipule que le gabarit morphologique est defini en termes d'unites authentiques de la prosodie : la more, la syllabe, le pied et le mot phonologique. Cette etude demontre par consequent, que grace a ces categories, la morphologie prosodique en arabe marocain fonctionne. Sous la multitude et la diversite des sujets rencontres tout au long de cette etude, une idee de base a ete defendue. Selon cette idee, les structures phonologiques nous permettent de mieux rendre compte de certaines regularites morphologiques au cours de lala derivation. Trois theses fondamentales se sont developpees dans ce sens : 1- les gabarits en arabe marocain sont definis en terme d'unites authentiques de la prosodie. 2- les contraintes de la satisfaction du gabarit sont obligatoires et elles sont determinees aussi bien par les principes de la prosodie universelle que par des principes specifiques a la langue etudiee. 3- le domaine, ou les operations morphologiques sont appliquees doit etre circonscrit par des criteres prosodiques (en particulier le mot minimal par lequel le domaine doit etre selectionne)This study concerns the field of phonology and morphology in morrocan arabic and particulary noun derivations. Thus the main purpose of our invistigation is to describe and analyse the mechanisms involved in the broken plural. Our theoritical framework is based on the prosodic theory that stipulate the fact that the morphological templat's most important points are : the mora, the syllable, the foot and the phonological word. Through our analysis we have tried to show that, by means of these elements, the prosodic morphology works for the case of morrocan arabic. The idea we support throughtout this work is that trough phonological structures, we can get some morphological regularities that come out during the process of derivation. As a result, three points were discussed. Firstly, templates in morrocan arabic are defined in terms of authentic units of prosody. Secondly, satisfaction of templatic constraints is obligatory and is specified by the principles of prosody, both universal and language-specific. Thirdly, the domain that has to do with morphological processes must be circumscribed by prosodic measures (espacially the minimal word that governs the selection of the domain)
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Yeghiazaryan, Lusine. "Caso, definitude e os sintagmas nominais no armênio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-17112010-153350/.
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Este trabalho trata da organização de sintagmas nominais no armênio, revelando uma interação peculiar entre a expressão de definitude e a marcação morfológica de Caso e as conseqüências dessa relação para a organização estrutural desta língua. Mostra se que os sintagmas nominais são interpretados como definidos como resultado de atribuição de Caso estrutural, e que existe uma assimetria entre os Casos estruturais e os Casos inerentes quanto à atribuição de definitude. Como ponto de partida, discute-se o estatuto do sufixo n/y, chamado de artigo definido pela gramática tradicional do armênio. A investigação das propriedades morfossintáticas desse sufixo mostra que o mesmo é uma marca com características mistas, que atua na atribuição de definitude e Caso de uma maneira não atestada nas línguas naturais e questiona o recorte entre as funções de Caso e os meios de expressão de definitude. Baseando-nos nos trabalhos de Chomsky (1986b), Longobardi (1994) e Giusti (2002), propomos a reanálise do sufixo -n/y como uma marca de Caso estrutural, que transforma os sintagmas nominais em argumentos sintáticos, e é associada ao nível DP na estrutura frasal. Ademais, mostra-se que a ausência de marcação de Caso estrutural resulta numa série de restrições semântico-sintáticas nos sintagmas nominais (nus), a mais proeminente sendo o movimento desses sintagmas para uma posição antes do verbo, seguidos imediatamente pelo auxiliar. Isso leva a diferentes ordens superficiais para sintagmas marcados por Caso estrutural (SVO) e sintagmas nus (SOauxV). Tal evidência, junto com o quadro das características dos sintagmas nus no armênio, leva à análise dos mesmos como pseudo-incorporados, conforme proposto por Massam (2001) para o niueano, com a diferença de que o sintagma nu se adjunge à projeção funcional TP no armênio, sem passar pela operação de alçamento do predicado. Quanto à expressão de definitude nos Casos inerentes, mostramos que em contraste com os sintagmas nos Casos estruturais, que podem aparecer com ou sem marcação aberta de Caso e ter, respectivamente, leitura definida ou indefinida, os inerentes devem sempre carregar a morfologia casual e são ambíguos quanto à definitude. Nesse aspecto, analisamos as projeções nominais Genitivas e constatamos que, apesar da aparente semelhança superficial, as mesmas exibem propriedades distintas que correspondem a duas estruturas internas diferentes do sintagma nominal, viii podendo ser caracterizadas como duas classes distintas: o Genitivo Referencial, que aparece em Spec/DP e é interpretado como definido por se associar ao nível DP, e o Genitivo Modificador, que permanece no domínio do NP no percurso da derivação. As conclusões a que chegamos provam que mesmo sem possuir um artigo definido canônico, o armênio oferece evidências a favor da postulação do nível DP como universal, responsável pelas interpretações definidas dos sintagmas nominais. Nos Casos estruturais, a definitude vem da atribuição de Caso, enquanto no Genitivo (um exemplo de Caso inerente) vem da posição ocupada dentro do sintagma nominal. Por conseguinte, o presente trabalho traz uma contribuição teórica valiosa para a análise unificada das projeções nominais, além de auxiliar na elucidação de alguns assuntos empíricos controversos do armênio e abrir caminho para pesquisas futuras.This thesis investigates the structural organization of noun phrases in Armenian, an Indo-European language with mixed properties, focusing on the interaction between Case and (in)definiteness. The main claim of the study is that, contrary to traditional view, Armenian has no (definite) article, and definiteness in this language is a result of structural Case marking on NPs. This claim has implications for the analysis of bare nominals as NPs that lack both Case and referential properties and are syntactically restricted to a peculiar configuration, resulting in different superficial orders for Case-marked (SVO) and bare noun phrases (SOauxV). Moreover, this analysis casts light on a rather intriguing question of how definiteness is expressed in inherent Cases. It is shown that, unlike structural Cases, which express a direct correlation between definiteness and Case, inherent Cases, more precisely Genitive NPs, are interpreted as (in)definite by associating themselves to distinct structural positions. The starting point of our discussion is the re-analysis of the suffix -n/y, traditionally classified as a definite article. Highlighting Case and (in)definiteness as two independent conditions on argumenthood (Chomsky (1986b), Longobardi (1994), Giusti (2002)) that are closely correlated in Armenian, we argue that this suffix is in fact a structural Case marker, which turns nominals into syntactic arguments, and is associated with DP level. Focusing on the morpho-syntactic behavior of bare nominals in Armenian, it is shown that in the absence of structural Case marking, their distribution is syntactically restricted to a position in which they appear to the left of the verb and must be adjacent to the auxiliary. This distribution is accounted for by adopting the pseudo-incorporation analysis of Massam (2001). We show that bare nouns in Armenian exhibit typical properties of pseudo-incorporated nominals, as lack of reference, number-neutrality, phrasal nature, among others. Turning our attention to Genitive constructions, which always appear with Case morphology, we analyze a number of properties that superficially distinguish two (main) types, which we propose to call Referential and Modifying Genitives. The difference between them is syntactic, as they have different structural representations: Spec/DP for Referential and NP domain for Modifying Genitive. x As a result, we conclude that there exists an asymmetry between inherent and structural Cases as to how they express definiteness. Moreover, we conclude that in spite of the fact that Armenian does not have canonical (definite) article, a DP level must be postulated for this language, as a projection responsible for the referentiality/definiteness of the noun phrases. Thus, this study contributes to the outgoing debates about the precise functions of D as universal category and provides a valuable theoretical contribution to the cross-linguistic investigations of nominal projections.
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Niang, Oumar. "Description phonologique, morphologique, organisation et fonction de catégorisation des classes nominales en pulaar." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT5005.
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Ce travail propose une description détaillée du système phonologique et de la structure morphologique du pulaar, langue peule. En même temps, il s'intéresse à la question des classes nominales, à leur organisation formelle et à leur fonction de catégorisation au niveau lexical et en situation de discours. Au niveau phonologique, le système phonématique du pulaar, dans sa partie consonantique, est envisagé selon des marques de corrélation basées sur la sonorité, le voisement, la plosion et la nasalité. Quant aux voyelles, elles s'organisent en un système cohérent grâce à deux traits phonologiques : l'antériorité et la hauteur. [. . . ] Cette étude aborde aussi les processus phonologiques liés à l’assimilation, à la dissimilation, au phénomène d'épenthèse, à la réanalyse syllabique affectant la structure morphologique de certaines unités nominales. [. . . ] D'une part, la classe est une représentation formelle, marquée morphologiquement, puisque c'est le marqueur de classe qui permet d'identifier et de définir la classe d'appartenance d'une unité nominale. D'autre part, la classe a une fonction de catégorisation du fait des traits : syntaxique et sémantique, spécifiant le marqueur de classe. Ce sont ces traits fonctionnels qui définissent les propriétés à la base du système de classification nominale du pulaarThe present doctoral dissertation provides a detailed description of the phonological system and morphological structure of the Pulaar language. It also deals with the question of noun classes: their formal organisation and categorisation function, both from a lexical point of view and in discursive context. From a phonological point of view, the Pular consonant phonematic system is considered according to correlative markers based on sonority, voicing, plosion and nasality. [. . . ] The present study also deals with the phonological processes linked to assimilation, dissimilation, the phenomenon of epenthesis, syllabic reanalysis affecting the morphological structure of certain noun morphemes. [. . . ] From one angle the noun class is a formal representation, morphologically marked, since it is the class marker which allows the identification and defining of the class to which the unit belongs. From the second angle the noun class has a categorisation function due to the characteristics it presents: syntactic and semantic, specifying the class marker. It is these functional elements which define the characteristics at the basis of the noun classification of the Pular language
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Diguet, Magalie. "La création lexicale par composition nominale en poésie de l’époque cicéronienne à l’époque flavienne." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040027.
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L'étude de la création lexicale en latin détermine la fréquence de certaines formations, leur productivité et leur emploi, selon des périodes, des genres ou des auteurs donnés. L’analyse morphologique des néologismes poétiques rend compte des capacités du latin à innover lexicalement en puisant dans ses fonds propres. Notre présente étude s’intéresse au phénomène de la composition nominale, dont la variété des combinaisons possibles, les commodités lexicales et métriques demeurent un élément déterminant dans le renouvellement du vocabulaire poétique latin, répondant aux soucis de varietas et d’originalité des poetae fabricatores. Afin de comprendre les influences lexicales des veteres poetae sur les poètes postérieurs, cette étude part de la poésie cicéronienne (Catulle, Lucrèce et Cicéron) pour s’étendre à la période augustéenne (Virgile, Horace, Properce, Tibulle et Ovide), la plus fertile en composés nouveaux, puis à la julio-claudienne (Sénèque, Perse et Lucain) et enfin à la flavienne (Silius Italicus, Valérius Flaccus, Stace, Martial et Juvénal) en s’autorisant une comparaison avec le latin tardif. La très faible fréquence d’attestation des lexèmes poétiques, dont une grande partie constitue des hapax legomena, permet de considérer ces termes comme des créations poétiques. Ces composés nouveaux contribuent à une poïetique du sens en intensifiant le discours et en créant une enargeia propre à mettre en évidence une pensée unique. Il convient dès lors de souligner l’intérêt stylistique et sémantique que ces néologismes revêtent par la simplicité de leur formation, de leur statut de mots « possibles » et enfin de leur adaptation aux différents mètres latins, et en particulier l’hexamètre dactyliqueThe study of lexical creation in Latin determines the frequency of certain formations, their productivity and their use according to given periods, types or authors. The morphological analysis of poetic neologisms shows the lexical innovative quality of Latin and its ability to feed on itself. Our study focuses on the phenomenon of compounding whose variety of possible combinations and adaptability to lexis and metrics remain crucial factors in the renewal of the Latin poetic vocabulary, thus answering the poetae fabricatores’s concerns about varietas and originality. In order to understand the lexical influences of the veteres poetae on the following poets, this study on lexical creation by nominal compounding starts from the Ciceronian period (Catullus, Lucretius and Cicero) to the Augustan Age (Virgil, Horace, Propertius, Tibullus and Ovid) – when the widest range of new compounds was created – to the Julio-Claudian period (Seneca, Persius and Lucan) to the Flavian Age (Silius Italicus, Valerius Flaccus, Statius, Martial and Juvenal), with a comparison with Late Latin. The very low frequency of the occurrences of poetic words, many of which are hapax legomena, makes it possible to regard these terms as poetic creations. These new compounds contribute to a poietic of the meaning by intensifying the speech and by creating an enargeia that reveals a single thought. We can therefore stress the stylistic and semantic interests of these neologisms due to the simplicity of their formation, their status of “possible” words and eventually their adaptation to the various Latin meters, especially the dactylic hexameter
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CARDELLA, MARIA MARGHERITA. "Les composé nominaux à premier membre prépositionnel en grec ancien. Le cas de ev°." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/596436.
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This thesis deals with ancient Greek nominal compounds with a prepositional first member (FM), and in particular the case of the FM ἐν°. I analyse a great amount of words from a morphological and semantical point of view. The pool of words is based on a formal criterion; the goal of the analysis is to outline different processes of compound formation, as well as their evolution.
As compared to other compounds, those with a prepositional FM present two special characteristics: first, they are not formed by two lexemes, since prepositions/adverbs are not real lexemes; secondly, their internal structure is not often recognizable.
The guide-questions of this research are: does the special nature of prepositional FM compounds change over different diachronic and diaphasic varieties? Moreover, which are the values of the FM ἐν° in the different compound categories?
Most of the thesis consists in a thorough analysis of compounds attested in three consecutive synchronic phases: first, in archaic epic poetry, then in classical prose of V-IV century (in particular Plato’s and Aristotle’s works); the third part examines all neo-formations appearing in the long period starting from the age of Theophrastus till the age of Nonnus of Panopolis. A brief fourth part presents compounds attested in Arcadian inscriptions, as well as some anthroponyms.
In the conclusions, I point out the changes in the value of the FM ἐν° in the different categories: ἐν° takes on several functions, that, however, share the signs of a progressive loss of meaning.
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Biraud, Michèle. "Les determinants-pronoms en attique classique." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040081.
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L'analyse distributionnelle des constituants du groupe nominal revele qu'il y a trois classes de determinants, elles-memes sous-classifiees. Les groupes pronominaux derivent des groupes nominaux avec ellipse de la partie nominale. Chaque classe a un role semantique distinct : les articles ont un role actualisateur ; une autre classe a un role qualificatif ; la troisieme exprime les specifications du groupe nominal actualise. Parmi les specifications, on distingue reference et non-reference, identification, operateurs logiques de restriction, d'integralite et de quantification universelle. Ces conclusions resultent de l'etablissement du sens fondamental de chaque lexeme par etude contextuelle et derivationnelle, et a l'aide de concepts empruntes a la theorie de l'enonciation et a la logique. On a decouvert des homologies dans l'organisation de la qualification et de la specification entre le groupe nominal et les groupes adjectivaux et verbaux. En particulier, des adjectifs comme tel, meme, semblable, et des locutions verbales comme faire cela, sont des proformes associant un indicateur categoriel et un marqueur de specification. La definition de la determination doit donc etre a la fois syntaxique et semantiqueDistributional analysis of the constituents of the noun group shows that there are three classes of determiners, each of which can be further sub-divided. Pronoun groups are derived from noun groups with ellipsis of the nominal part. Each class has a separate semantic role. That of articles is actualisation ; a second class deals with qualification ; the third expresses specification of the actualised noun group. Specifications identified include reference, non-reference, integrality and universal quantification. These conclusions are reached on the basis of the fondamental meaning of each lexeme, established by contextual and derivational studies, and by means of concepts borrowed from enunciation theory and logic. Homologies are revealed in the organisation of qualification and specification between the noun group and the adjective and verb groups in particular, adjectives like such, same, alike, and verbal forms like to do that, are proforms associating a categorial indicator and a marker of specification. In conclusion, the definition of determination must take into account both syntactic and semantic elements
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Lampitelli, Nicola. "Forme phonologique, exposants morphologiques et structures nominales : étude comparée de l'italien du bosnien et du somali." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070037.
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Cette thèse a pour objectif de caractériser la relation entre la substance phonologique et les propriétés morpho¬syntaxiques lors du processus de formation des mots. Plus particulièrement, il est question de comprendre comment le signifiant est organisé, à l'intérieur d'un système morphologique donné, par rapport aux propriétés morpho-syntaxiques exprimées par ce même système. J'explore donc la façon dont trois langues non apparentées - l'italien, le bosnien et le somali - organisent leurs systèmes nominaux. Je propose une forme phonologique pour chacune des propriétés morpho-syntaxiques retrouvées dans les systèmes nominaux des trois langues mentionnées. En prenant le point de vue de la Morphologie Distribuée (Halle et Marantz 1993), je considère que la formation des mots est de type syntaxique et je suis l'hypothèse selon laquelle la forme audible des morphèmes est séparée, à la fois, de leur structure et de leur sens. Je propose donc une interprétation du processus reliant une séquence sonore donnée à une ou plusieurs propriétés morpho-syntaxiques particulières, exprimées à l'aide de matrices de traits. Plus précisément, mon hypothèse principale prévoit que chaque catégorie ne peut être associée qu'à une seule séquence phonologique donnée, de manière bi-univoque. Ensuite, en suivant Bendjaballah (2003) et Lowenstamm (2008), je montre que la substance phonologique associée aux catégories morpho-syntaxiques doit être représentée au moyen de l'approche CV (Lowenstamm 1996). En conclusion, cette thèse montre que chaque propriété morphologique correspond à la même substance phonologique dans un système donnéIn this dissertation, I characterize the relation between the phonological substance and the morpho-syntactical properties during the word-formation process. More precisely, I try to understand how the saussurian "signifiant" is organized with respect to the morpho-syntactic properties within a given morphological System. Therefore, I explore the way three non-related languages - Italian, Bosnian and Somali - organize their nominal Systems. Then, I propose a phonological form corresponding to each morpho-syntactic property found in the above-mentioned languages. Assuming the point of view of the Distributed Morphology (Halle and Marantz 1993), I consider that word-formation is strictly syntactic and I follow the hypothesis according to which the audible form of morphemes is separated from both their structure and their meaning. Therefore, I propose an interpretation of the realizational process that creates the relation between a given phonological sequence and one or more morpho-syntactic properties. These are expressed by feature-matrices. More precisely, I argue for a one-to-one correspondence between a given morpho-syntactic category and a phonological sequence. Subsequently, I follow Bendjaballah (2003) and Lowenstamm (2008) and show that the phonological substance which is associated to morpho-syntactic categories must be represented within the CV approach (Lowenstamm 1996). Finally, this dissertation shows that each morphological property corresponds to the same phonological materia within a given System
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Massoure, Jean-Louis. "Le dialecte des vallées de Luz, de Barèges et de Gavarnie : aperçus géographiques et historiques, phonétique, morphologie nominale et pronominale, mots invariables, morphologie verbale, tiroirs verbaux, dérivation et préfixation, notes de syntaxe, glossaire thématique, glossaire général." Toulouse 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU20043.
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Cristinoi-Bursuc, Antonia. "Analyse contrastive des indices morphosyntaxiques nominaux de genre et de nombre en vue d'une approche typologique de la traduction automatique - Applications sur le français, l'anglais et le roumain." Orléans, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ORLE1087.
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Le développement de la traduction automatique implique non seulement des documents plus variés, mais aussi de plus en plus de langues. Or, le nombre croissant de langues suppose une plus grande diversité linguistique à traiter et donc une augmentation significative des difficultées de traduction. Dans cette thèse, les problèmes de traduction sont appréhendées a priori en fonction des différences entre langues. En partant de l'idée que toutes les différences interlinguistiques ne sont pas problématiques pour la traduction, le critère de sélection retenu est la notion de marquage (redéfinie en fonction des exigences de la traduction automatique - TA) associée à celle de classes de comportement. L'objet de l'étude a été restreint au genre et au nombre et à trois langues : français, anglais et roumain. Le modèle proposé, inspiré par la morphologie contrastive et la typologie, vise à repérer les types de difficultés qui peuvent apparaître, pour un couple de langues donné, dans la traduction automatique du genre et du nombre. Le repérage de ces difficultés reposera sur l'assignation de chaque nom à une classe de comportement dans chaque langue, associée à l'étude des interactions des différentes classes de comportement. Cette démarche permet la réalisation d'un "cahier des charges" pour la TA, impliquant deux démarches complémentaires : identification des questions principales que le linguiste doit se poser lorsqu'il traite une question dans une approche de type TA et inventaire des problèmes concrets qui peuvent apparaître une fois obtenues les réponses, inventaire corroboré par des requêtes soumises à des logiciels de traductionThe evolution of Machine Translation involves not only a greater variety of documents but also an increasing number of languages, entailing a bigger linguistic diversity and thus a significant rise of translation difficulties. In this thesis, translation problems are considered a priori, mainly as a result of interlinguistic differences. Having taken as a starting point the idea that not all interlinguistic differences are problematic in translation, we have retained as the basic criterion for distinguishing them the notions of marking (redefined according to MT standards) and behavioural classes. The object of this study has been restricted to two linguistic categories : gender and number, and three languages : French, English and Romanian. The model we propose, inspired by contrastive morphology and typology, aims at identifying the types of MT difficulties that can appear, for a given language couple, when translating gender and number. This identification will be based on assigning each noun to a behavioural class in each language, and on studying behavioural classes'interactions. The approach will eventually permit the creation of MT difficulties that can appear, for a given language couple, when translating gender and number. This idenfication will be based on assigning each noun to a behavioural class in each language, and on studying behavioural classes' interactions. The approach will eventually permit the creation of MT specifications involving two complementary procedures : identification of the main questions a linguist has to answer when dealing with a specific MT issue and a complete inventory of the problems that may appear once the answers are found, an inventory corroborated by requests treated by a MT system
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Cardella, Maria Margherita. "Les composés nominaux à premier membre prépositionnel en grec ancien. Le cas de ἐv°." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR092/document.
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La thèse concerne les composés nominaux à premier membre prépositionnel en grec ancien, en particulier le cas du premier membre ἐν°. Elle est constituée par l’analyse morphologique et sémantique d’un large corpus de données, dont le but est de relever les différents procédés de formation des mots, ainsi que leurs évolutions. Les composés à premier membre prépositionnel se distinguent des autres composés par deux caractéristiques : premièrement, ils ne sont pas constitués par deux lexèmes, étant donné qu’une préposition n’est pas un lexème véritable ; deuxièmement, la structure interne n’est pas toujours reconnaissable.Les questions ayant guidé cette recherche sont donc les suivantes : la nature spéciale de ces composés change-t-elle selon les différentes variétés diachroniques et diaphasiques ? Quelles sont les différentes valeurs du premier membre ἐν° dans les différentes catégories des composés ? On examine, avec une grande attention philologique aux contextes d’emploi, les composés attestés dans trois phases synchroniques successives : en premier lieu, dans la poésie épique archaïque ; en deuxième lieu, dans la prose classique du V-IVe siècle (notamment dans les œuvres de Platon et d’Aristote) ; la troisième partie examine les néo-formations de la période qui va de l’époque de Théophraste jusqu’à celle de Nonnos. Dans une quatrième partie on trouve les composés attestés dans les inscriptions arcadiennes, ainsi que quelques anthroponymes. En conclusion, cette étude montre les changements de la valeur du premier membre ἐν° dans les différentes catégories : ἐν° remplit plusieurs fonctions, qui, pourtant, partagent les signes d’une perte progressive de significationThis thesis deals with ancient Greek nominal compounds with a prepositional first member (FM), and in particular the case of the FM ἐν°. I analyse a great amount of words from a morphological and semantical point of view. The pool of words is based on a formal criterion; the goal of the analysis is to outline different processes of compound formation, as well as their evolution. As compared to other compounds, those with a prepositional FM present two special characteristics: first, they are not formed by two lexemes, since prepositions/adverbs are not real lexemes; secondly, their internal structure is not often recognizable. The guide-questions of this research are: does the special nature of prepositional FM compounds change over different diachronic and diaphasic varieties? Moreover, which are the values of the FM ἐν° in the different compound categories? Most of the thesis consists in a thorough analysis of compounds attested in three consecutive synchronic phases: first, in archaic epic poetry, then in classical prose of V-IV century (in particular Plato’s and Aristotle’s works); the third part examines all neo-formations appearing in the long period starting from the age of Theophrastus till the age of Nonnus of Panopolis. A brief fourth part presents compounds attested in Arcadian inscriptions, as well as some anthroponyms. In the conclusions, I point out the changes in the value of the FM ἐν° in the different categories: ἐν° takes on several functions, that, however, share the signs of a progressive loss of meaning
La tesi riguarda i composti nominali a primo membro preposizionale in greco antico, il particolare quelli a primo membro ἐν°. Essa è costituita dall’analisi morfologica e semantica di un vaso corpus di parole; lo scopo dell’analisi è di far emergere i diversi processi di formazione delle parole composto e la loro evoluzione.I composti a primo membro preposizionale si differenziano dagli altri composti per due caratteristiche: in primo luogo, essi non sono costituiti da due lessemi, dato che una preposizione non è un vero e proprio lessema; in secondo luogo, la loro struttura interna non è sempre facilmente riconoscibile.Le domande che guidano la ricerca sono dunque le seguenti: la natura speciale di questi composti cambia a seconda delle varietà diacroniche e diafasiche? Quali sono i valori del primo membro ἐν° nelle diverse categorie di composti?Con attenzione filologica ai contesti d’uso, si esaminano i composti attestati in tre fasi sincroniche successive: in primo luogo, nella poesia epica arcaica; in secondo luogo, nella prosa classica del V-IV secolo a. C. (in particolare, nelle opere di Platone e Aristotele); la terza parte riguarda le neoformazioni apparse nel periodo che va dall’epoca di Teofrasto a quella di Nonno di Panopoli. In una quarta sezione si trovano i composti attestati nelle iscrizioni arcadiche, oltre a qualche antroponimo.In conclusione, la ricerca mostra i mutamenti del valore del primo membro ἐν° nelle diverse categorie: ἐν° assume diverse funzioni, che però condividono i segni di una progressiva perdita di significato
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Gamille, Lea Ghislaine. "Elements de description phonologique et morphologique du Lumbu, langue bantu (B44) du Gabon parlée à Mayumba." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00975393.
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Ce travail propose une description systématique du Lumbu. Cette langue est parlée au Gabon et au Congo. Nous avons porté notre choix sur la variété parlée à Mayumbu ; dans la partie septentrionale du Gabon.Notre approche a porté sur deux niveaux d'analyse suivants : la phonologie et la morphologie de cette langue. Le système phonologique décrit les phonèmes selon le critère de pertinence. En effet, cette première partie décrit le système consonantique et vocalique du lumbu. L'inventaire des phonèmes qui caractérisent la structure même de la langue nous a permis de répertorier seize phonèmes consonantiques et dix phonèmes vocaliques répartis de façon équitable sur la durée de réalisation des voyelles. Cependant, le système vocalique ne comporte pas de voyelles nasales. On note plutôt un phénomène de nasalisation favorisée par la présence d'une consonne nasale placée après la voyelle.La structure syllabique est caractérisée par des syllabes ouvertes c'est-à-dire qu'on ne retrouve pas de consonne en finale de mot. Nous bouclons cette partie par la description du système tonal. Il comporte deux tons simples / H/ (haut), /B / (bas) et deux tons modulés: /Mt / (montant) /Dt/ (descendant). La structure morphologique est envisagée sous deux angles ce qui nous a permis de faire ressortir les caractéristiques morphologiques de chacun des domaines. La description morphologique s'emploie à identifier les différents thèmes nominaux et les différentes structures verbales.La dérivation est relevée aussi bien dans le domaine lexical que verbal. Tout au long de notre travail, nous avons procédé à une analyse dérivationnelle en partant de la forme de base jusqu'à la forme réalisée. Cette façon de faire met en avant les différentes étapes du processus dérivationnel. Les nominaux sont identifiés par rapport aux classes nominales. Le Lumbu compte quatorze classes nominales qui fonctionnent par des appariements singulier /pluriel. Parmi les nominaux nous avons relevé les pronoms, les adjectifs qui se distinguent par la chaîne des accords.
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Adouna, Gbandi. "Description phonologique et grammaticale du Konkomba - Langue GUR du Togo et du Ghana – Parler de Nawaré." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00416375.
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Langue de tradition orale, le konkomba n'a jamais fait l'objet d'une desrciption linguistique approfondie. La présente description s'appuie sur un corpus de données recueillies pendant nos nombreux séjours à Nawaré, canton dont nous décrivons le parler, sur l'ensemble de la chaîne linguistique konkomba, au centre-ouest du Togo et au nord-est du Ghana. La langue y est décrite sous trois aspects, qui constituent les grandes parties de la Thèse : la phonologie (nous y dégageons les phonèmes consonantiques et vocaliques, la structure syllabique, les différents tons et leurs fonctions) ; la première partie de la morphologie (nominale) part de la structure morphologique pour dégager les différentes classes nominales ; nous étudions aussi la composition. La morphologie verbale présente le verbe dans l'énoncé ; elle identifie les formes que peut prendre un verbe dans cette langue, avant de les classer d'après leur structure qui est corrélative de leur insertion dans des formes aspectuelles données. De là, un certain nombre de propriétés qui distinguent les deux catégories majeures. Nous nous intéressons aussi à la catégorie d'adjectif qui, en konkomba, participe du nom et du verbe. La dernière partie – la syntaxe – étudie la phrase, elle examine les fonctions syntaxiques aussi bien centrales que périphériques, sur la base de la valence verbale. Elle montre la nécessité, pour ce type de langue (langue Gur ou Voltaïque), d'analyser le système syntaxique dans son rapport avec la morphologie nominale. Nous examinons aussi un certain nombre de processus syntaxiques comme l'interrogation et la focalisation.
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Simon, Camille. "Morphosyntaxe et sémantique grammaticale du salar et du tibétain de l'Amdo : analyse d'un contact de langues." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA124/document.
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La présente étude s’inscrit dans le cadre plus vaste de la description des langues de l’aire linguistique Amdo. Cette région est caractérisée par la présence de langues sinitiques, mongoliques, tibétiques et turciques et, pour le salar et le tibétain, une situation de contact linguistique long d’environ sept siècles. Le salar est l’une des langues turciques les moins décrites et elle présente de nombreuses particularités dues à son isolement par rapport aux autres langues turciques. Il n’existe pas non plus de description des variétés de tibétain parlées dans la région salarophone, périphérique dans la tibétosphère. La perspective que nous adoptons ici est donc à la fois descriptive et comparative. Après un exposé des caractéristiques historiques et sociolinguistiques de cette situation de contact, nous analysons de façon détaillée des catégories grammaticales indexées dans le syntagme nominal et dans le prédicat. En particulier, nous proposons une nouvelle analyse des morphèmes de Temps-Aspect-Mode en salar et montrons que cette langue a copié en partie ses catégories évidentielles sur le modèle de celles du tibétain de l’Amdo. Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux problématiques liées à la valence verbale et aux effets du contact linguistique sur l’organisation accusative et ergative qui caractérisent respectivement le salar et le tibétain de l’Amdo. Nous analysons les marques casuelles à la fois comme relateurs, au sein du prédicat verbal, mais également comme converbe ou au sein des formes converbiales. Enfin, nous décrivons les catégories de voix grammaticalisées en salar et en tibétain, et montrons que celles-ci sont quasiment identiques dans les deux languesThis study falls within the larger description of the languages of the Amdo linguistic area. This area is characterized by the coexistence of Sinitic, Mongolic, Tibetic and Turkic languages, and, regarding Salar and Tibetan, an approximately seven-century-long contact situation. Salar language remains one of the less described Turkic languages and, because of its isolation from the other Turkic languages, displays many specificities. There exists no description of the Amdo-Tibetan variety spoken in the Salar-speaking region either, this region being very peripheral in the Tibetosphere. The perspective taken in this study is thus both descriptive and comparative. After a depiction of the historical and sociolinguistic characteristics of this contact-situation, we analyse in detail the grammatical categories indexed in the nominal phrase and in the predicate. Notably, we suggest a new analysis of the Tense-Aspect-Mood morphemes in Salar and we show that the Amdo-Tibetan evidential categories have been partly copied in Salar. Then, the question of verb valency is addressed, and the effects of language contact on the Turkic accusative and on the Tibetic ergative organisation are explored. We analyze the case markers not only as markers of syntactic dependancy within the verb predicate, but also in their role as or in converbs. Finally, we describe the grammatical voices attested in Salar and in Amdo Tibetan, and show that the syntactic and semantic characteristics are almost identical in the two languages
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Gomes, Antonio Almir Silva 1979. "Sanapaná uma língua Maskoy : aspectos gramaticais." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270865.
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Orientador: Lucy SekiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Esta Tese tem como objeto aspectos da gramática Sanapaná relativos à sentença simples. Sanapaná é a língua falada pelo povo homônimo que vive, dentre outras, na comunidade La Esperanza, às proximidades do município de Loma Plata - Paraguai. Constituída por seis capítulos, no primeiro constam informações gerais sobre o povo Sanapaná e sua língua inseridos em um contexto socioeconômico, cultural e linguístico. No segundo capítulo, apresento uma análise de aspectos fonéticos e fonológicos, com ênfase para os segmentos consonantais e vocálicos, bem como para a sílaba. O terceiro e o quarto capítulo são destinados ao sintagma nominal. A divisão entre ambos os capítulos pauta-se na concepção de categorias abertas e de categorias fechadas proposta por Schachter e Shopen (2007). Desta forma, no Capítulo III trato das categorias abertas, mais especificamente do Nome e do Adjetivo e, no Capítulo IV, trato das categorias fechadas que se relacionam com as categorias abertas. Incluem-se aí, portanto, os pronomes, os numerais, os advérbios, os quantificadores e as adposições. Compreende-se uma interface Morfologia / Sintaxe ao longo destes dois capítulos. Após referir-me ao sintagma nominal compreendido pelos dois tipos de categorias expressos nos capítulos III e IV, faço referência, no Capítulo V, ao sintagma verbal. Para isso, trato o verbo, assim como nos capítulos anteriores, em sua interface Morfologia / Sintaxe. Na perspectiva da Morfologia, mostro que o verbo Sanapaná apresenta algumas semelhanças com o nome no que diz respeito ao uso de prefixos. No entanto, distinguem-se em relação ao uso de sufixos. Na perspectiva da Sintaxe, mostro o verbo como predicador e, consequentemente, seus mecanismos relativos aos argumentos por ele requeridos. No Capítulo VI trato de aspectos da gramática Sanapaná relativos às sentenças envolvendo negação e imperativo. A análise apresentada para a negação assume (i) a existência de dois processos distintos, sendo um o uso de afixos e outro o uso de partículas e (ii) que tais processos interagem morfossintaticamente. Os seis capítulos em questão não esgotam a discussão acerca da sentença simples Sanapaná mas, ao contrário, a introduz. Apesar disso, constitui-se esta Tese um passo importante para o conhecimento linguístico mais amplo de uma língua da família Maskoy, considerando-se, sobretudo, o conhecimento reduzido que a comunidade científica detém das referidas línguas, em virtude da pouca oferta de trabalhos linguísticos disponíveis referentes, a qualquer uma das seis línguas que constituem a referida família. Esta Tese é, portanto, um dos primeiros estudos sistemáticos de uma língua Maskoy, o que me permite assumir que trabalhos futuros serão importantes para esclarecer, inclusive, dúvidas postas ao longo dos capítulos mencionados. Torna-se a referida Tese, portanto, uma rica fonte de informação de uma língua do Paraguai
Abstract: This thesis has as its objective aspects of grammar of Sanapaná relating to simple sentences. Sanapaná is the language spoken by the Sanapaná people, among others those living in the community La Esperanza, in the vicinity of the city of Loma Plata - Paraguay. The thesis consists of six chapters, the first containning general information about the people and their language in socioeconomic, cultural and linguistic context. In the second chapter I present an analysis of phonetic and phonological aspects, with emphasis on consonant and vowel segments, as well as the syllable. The third and fourth chapters are dedicated to the noun phrase. The division between the two is guided by the design categories of open and closed categories proposed by Schachter e Shopen (2007). Thus, in Chapter III open categories are discussed, specifically nouns and adjectives, and in Chapter IV I discuss the closed categories that relate to open categories: pronouns, numerals, adverbs, quantifiers and adpositions. These two chapters demonstrate the Morphology / Syntax interface. After discussing the noun phrase, defined by the two types of categories analyzed in Chapters III and IV, I refer, in Chapter V, to the verb phrase, and its Morphology / Syntax interface. From the perspective of Morphology, I show that the verb in Sanapaná bears some resemblance to the noun with respect to the use of prefixes. However, they differ regarding the use of suffixes. From the perspective of Syntax, the verb is shown to be with mechanisms for its required arguments. Chapter VI deals with aspects of Sanapaná grammar inherent in sentences with negation and in imperative sentences. The analysis presented for negation assumes (i) the existence of two distinct processes, one being the use of affixes, and the other the use of particles and (ii) that such processes interact morphosyntactically. Finally, I consider that the content of this thesis does not exhaust the discussion of the simple sentence Sanapaná but, on the contrary, introduces it. With this, I assume that future work will be important to clarify questions raised throughout the chapters of this dissertation. Above all, this PhD thesis is one of the most concrete studies of a member of the Maskoyan language family, which make it a reference point in linguistic investigation of the indigenous languages of Paraguay
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
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Marini, Emanuela. "Les verbes latins en -ficare : étude lexicale et morpho-syntaxique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040181.
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L'étude porte sur la classe des verbes latins en -ficare, tels que aedifico « bâtir une maison » et amplifico « rendre ample ». Ce sont 150 verbes simples et 32 préverbés, répertoriés des premiers siècles de la latinité jusqu'à la mort d'Isidore de Séville, en 636. La mise au point du corpus est fondée sur une distinction concernant la structure morphologique des verbes, qui présentent en premier membre le thème d'un substantif (aedi-fico : aedes « maison ») ou d'un adjectif (ampli-fico : amplus « ample »). Une telle distinction s'est revélée cruciale, à la fois sur le plan sémantique et morphosyntaxique. L'alternance entre actif et déponent ne concerne pas les verbes à premier membre adjectival, mais la voix déponente est assignée à ceux des verbes pour lesquels il existe une construction à verbe-support, où facere [+ support] est associé au substantif à l'accusatif apparaissant en premier membre (par ex. paci-ficor « faire la paix » et pacem facere). Tous les verbes sont considérés comme des verbes composés et non comme des dérivés des adjectifs en -ficus correspondants, mais le premier membre est associable dans le type aedifico au complément d'objet, dans le type amplifico à l'attribut du complément d'objet du verbe facere de la locution verbo-nominale correspondante. Les verbes à premier membre adjectival sont toujours des factitifs, les verbes actifs à premier membre subtantival sont des causatifs, notamment des causatifs lexicaux (par ex. fumifico « faire de la fumée »), où le deuxième membre est associable à facere « produire ». Les verbes à premier membre adjectival, qui correspondent soit à des néologismes à l'intérieur du latin soit à des emprunts au grec, sont très bien représentés dans le latin des auteurs chrétiens et des ouvrages de médecineThe aim of this study is to describe the class of Latin verbs in -ficare, such as aedifico ‘build a house’ and amplifico ‘amplify’. It examines 150 simple verbs and 32 preverbed verbs, collected from the first centuries of the Latin period to the death of Isidore of Seville in 636. The corpus is based on the morphological distinction between verbs whose first term is a noun stem (such as aedi-fico : aedes ‘house’) and verbs whose first term is an adjectival stem (ampli-fico : amplus ‘ample’). Such a distinction has proved to be crucial both morpho-syntactically and semantically. While the alternation between active voice and deponent voice is not shown in the verbs with an adjectival stem, the deponent voice is assigned to those verbs which coexist with a light verb construction, where facere [+ light verb] governs the noun in the accusative which appears as the first term (paci-ficor ‘to make peace’ and pacem facere). All verbs are interpreted as compound verbs, and not as derivatives from the adjectives in -ficus. In the verbs of the aedifico type, the first term can be associated with the direct object, while in the verbs of the amplifico type, the first term is associated with the predicative adjective of the direct object of facere within the correspondent noun-verb construction. The verbs with an adjectival stem as a first term are always factitive verbs, while the active verbs with a noun stem as a first-term are causatives and more specifically, lexical causatives (fumifico ‘make, produce smoke’), in which the second term is associated with facere ‘produce’. The verbs whose first term is an adjectival stem, which correspond to both neologisms in Latin and borrowings from Greek, are well represented in the Latin language used by Christian authors as well as medical texts