Journal articles: 'Nominal morphology'

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Kim, Ronald I. "Two problems of Ossetic nominal morphology." Indogermanische Forschungen 112, no. 2007 (December 17, 2007): 47–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110192858.1.47.

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Guardiano, Cristina, Michela Cambria, and Vincenzo Stalfieri. "Number Morphology and Bare Nouns in Some Romance Dialects of Italy." Languages 7, no. 4 (September 30, 2022): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7040255.

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This paper explores aspects of microvariation concerning the morphological realization of the feature Number within nominal structures in a selected subset of Romance dialects of Italy. First, the different strategies adopted in the dialects of the dataset for the realization of number alternations on various nominal categories (nouns/adjectives, articles, demonstratives, and possessives) are presented. Then, the relation between the latter and the distribution of “bare” argument nominals (i.e., of nominal structures which, in argument position, occur without any lexicalized determiner) is explored. It will be observed that the distribution of bare arguments in the dialects of the dataset is consistent with the hypotheses made in the literature, which suggest that there is a correlation between the realization of number alternations on nouns and the possibility for “null” (i.e., unpronounced) determiners to be licensed.

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Bendjaballah, Sabrina, and Chris H. Reintges. "Nominal Gender in Coptic Egyptian." Zeitschrift für Ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde 148, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaes-2021-0106.

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Summary The interdisciplinary research (philology, typology, morphology, phonology) presented here explores the role of gender in the meaning and morphology of Coptic nouns. Coptic has a predominantly grammatical gender system, albeit with a niche for semantically based gender assignment. The gender system marks a three-way semantic contrast between a [male] versus a [female] versus an [unspecified] gender value, even where the morphology draws only a two-way distinction between grammatical masculine and feminine gender. By integrating quantitative data and morphophonological analysis, we shall argue that masculine gender is morphologically unmarked. Although no discrete morpheme can be identified, feminine gender is always morphologically marked on nouns. Masculine and feminine nouns are distinguished in terms of their templatic structure, which interacts in complex ways with vowel distributions, stress assignment, and noun class.

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Hart, David, and Robert Orr. "Common Slavic Nominal Morphology: A New Synthesis." Slavic and East European Journal 46, no. 2 (2002): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3086226.

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Ansah, Mercy Akrofi. "A Grammatical Description of Leteh Nominal Morphology." Studies in African Linguistics 50, no. 2 (September 18, 2021): 346–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v50i2.125661.

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Abstract: The paper describes Leteh nominal morphology within the framework of Basic Linguistic Theory (Dixon 2010; Dryer 2006). The nominal morphology is described in the context of two phenomena: number marking and noun classification. Leteh is a South-Guan language from the Niger-Congo family of languages. The morphology of Leteh is largely agglutinative. Güldemann and Fiedler (2019) argue that current analyses of gender systems are heavily influenced by those in Bantu languages and not cross-linguistically applicable. They propose an alternative analysis that includes the notions agreement class and nominal form class. In this paper I adopt the notion of nominal form class to classify nouns in Leteh. The nouns are grouped into four major classes based on the plural morphemes that they take. These classes are subdivided based on the singular forms with which they are paired. Key words: verbal prefixes, Kwa, tense/ aspect, negation, person, mood, motion Note: Changes were made to the title and abstract of this article after publication, on 9/20/2021.

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Reinöhl, Uta. "What are and what aren’t complex nominal expressions in flexible word order languages." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 73, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 57–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2019-0027.

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AbstractThis paper tackles the challenge of how to identify multi-word (or “complex”) nominal expressions in flexible word order languages including certain Australian languages and Vedic Sanskrit. In these languages, a weak or absent noun/adjective distinction in conjunction with flexible word order make it often hard to distinguish between complex nominal expressions, on the one hand, and cases where the nominals in question form independent expressions, on the other hand. Based on a discourse-based understanding of what it means to form a nominal expression, this paper surveys various cases where we are not dealing with multi-word nominal expressions. This involves, in particular, periphery-related phenomena such as use of nominals as free topics or afterthoughts, as well as various kinds of predicative uses. In the absence of clear morpho-syntactic evidence, all kinds of linguistic evidence are relied upon, including, in particular, information structure and prosody, but also derivational morphology and lexical semantics. In this way, it becomes frequently possible to distinguish between what are and what aren’t complex nominal expressions in these languages.

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Harizanov, Boris. "Word Formation at the Syntax-Morphology Interface: Denominal Adjectives in Bulgarian." Linguistic Inquiry 49, no. 2 (March 2018): 283–333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00274.

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A major goal in the study of the interface between syntax and morphology (understood as part of the PF component) is to understand mismatches between syntactic representations and the corresponding morphological representations. Denominal adjectives in Bulgarian provide one such mismatch. In morphology, they are composed of a nominal component D adjoined to an adjectivizing head F. In syntax, however, the nominal component D behaves like a nominal phrase occupying the specifier of F. Denominal adjectives in Bulgarian thus present both a structural mismatch whereby a syntactic specifier-head relation is mapped to head adjunction at PF and a mismatch between the syntactic and morphological category of denominal adjectives. I analyze these mismatches as the result of a morphological (postsyntactic) operation, which converts nominal phrases into denominal adjectives postsyntactically, as part of the word formation process that combines the nominal phrases with adjectivizing morphology. The proposal is an extension of the theory of the syntax-morphology mapping developed within Distributed Morphology ( Embick and Noyer 2001 , et seq.) on the basis of Marantz’s (1984) Morphological Merger and relies on the implementation of Morphological Merger developed by Harizanov (2014a) in the context of cliticization, itself an elaboration of Matushansky’s (2006) and Nevins’s (2011) proposals.

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Baló, Márton A. "Variation in the nominal morphology of Northern Vlax Romani." Word Structure 14, no. 1 (March 2021): 25–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2021.0179.

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The present paper discusses two particular instances of variation in the nominal morphology of Northern Vlax Romani varieties as spoken in Hungary: the masculine oblique base and the feminine plural oblique base. The discussion is conducted in an analogical framework, relying only on surface forms and their relationships, using the notion of schemas ( Booij 2010 ), and taking it one step further. When there is a ‘weak point’ in the grammar of a language, variation may emerge and pattern-seeking may begin; the pattern-seeking processes can be interpreted and explained with reference to possible analogical connections among surface forms.

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Odden, David, and Carole Paradis. "Lexical Phonology and Morphology: The Nominal Classes in Fula." Language 70, no. 2 (June 1994): 402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415869.

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Corbett, Greville G., and Norman M. Fraser. "Network Morphology: a DATR account of Russian nominal inflection." Journal of Linguistics 29, no. 1 (March 1993): 113–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700000074.

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In this paper we introduce a declarative approach to inflectional morphology, which we call Network Morphology, using the lexical representation language DATR. We show that we can account for a range of (Russian) data, for which previously various rule types were required, and can provide a more satisfying analysis than was previously available. First we outline the essential data (section 2), highlighting the problems they present. Section 3 introduces the basic tenets of Network Morphology. This draws heavily on DATR, which we present in outline in section 4. Next we reconsider the Russian declensional classes from this new perspective (section 5). We show how the approach described overcomes long-standing problems in an elegant fashion; the complexity of the data suggests that the approach adopted has implications well beyond Russian. We then tackle the complex problem of animacy in Russian, which exemplifies interesting regularities extending across declensional classes (section 6).

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Sinha, Yash. "Hindi nominal suffixes are bimorphemic: A Distributed Morphology analysis." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4301.

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This paper provides a Distributed Morphology (DM) analysis for Hindi nominal (noun and adjectival) inflection. Contra Singh & Sarma (2010), I argue that nominal suffixes contain two morphemes – a basic morpheme, and a restrictedly distributed additional morpheme. The presence of two different morphemes is especially evident when one compares noun and adjectival inflectional suffixes, which Singh & Sarma (2010) do not, since they only look at noun inflection. I also show that the so-called adjectival inflectional suffixes are not limited to adjectives, and may occur on nouns, provided the noun is not at the right edge of the noun phrase. On the other hand, the regular noun inflection is only limited to nouns at the right edge of the noun phrase. This is demonstrated using a type of coordinative compound found in Hindi. Then, I take the fact that nouns can take either the regular noun inflection or the so-called “adjectival” inflection as motivation for a unified analysis for both sets of suffixes. I demonstrate that after undoing certain phonological rules, the difference between the “adjectival” and regular noun inflectional suffixes can be summarized by saying that the additional morpheme only surfaces in the regular noun inflectional suffixes. Finally, I provide vocabulary entries and morphological operations that can capture the facts about the distribution of the various basic and additional morphemes.

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Baló, Márton András. "The nominal morphology of Lovari from an analogical perspective." Acta Linguistica Hungarica 62, no. 4 (December 2015): 395–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/064.2015.62.4.2.

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Mihas, Elena. "Nominal and verbal temporal morphology in Ashéninka Perené (Arawak)." Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 45, no. 1 (May 2013): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03740463.2014.883724.

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Fong, Suzana. "The syntax of number marking: the view from bare nouns in Wolof." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 5, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v5i1.4709.

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Several languages allow for their nominals to occur without any functional morphology; they are dubbed ‘bare nominals’. BNs are often number-neutral, i.e.,there is no commitment to a singular or plural interpretation. In Wolof, however, BNs are singular when unmodified. A plural interpretation becomes available only when a nominal-internal plural feature is exponed in the form of complementizer or possessum agreement. I propose an extension of Béjar & Rezac’s (2009) Person Licensing Condition to number: a marked number feature (i.e. plural) must be licensed by Agree. BNs in Wolof can in principle be singular or plural. In the absence of a nominal-internal probe that Agrees with the plural feature of the BN, the Number Licensing Condition is violated, causing the derivation to crash. Unmarked number, i.e., singular, does not obey the NLC, so the derivation converges, yielding a singular BN. However, if there is a nominal-internal number probe, which is realized as complementizer or possessum agreement, the NLC is satisfied, allowing a derivation to converge where the BN is plural. If correct, this analysis accounts for the unusual behavior of BNs in Wolof and provides further empirical support for the view that valued features are responsible for nominal licensing (Kalin, 2017, 2019).

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Hock, W. "HALLA-AHO, J.: Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology." Kratylos 54, no. 1 (2009): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29091/kratylos/2009/1/8.

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Adamczyk, Elżbieta, and Arjen P. Versloot. "Phonological constraints on morphology: Evidence from Old English nominal inflection." Folia Linguistica 40, no. 1 (July 26, 2019): 153–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flih-2019-0008.

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Abstract Studying the complex interaction between phonological and morphological developments involved in the extensive reorganisation of nominal inflection in early English, we focus, primarily, on new inflectional endings that emerged by analogy in etymologically suffix-less paradigm forms of r-stems and root nouns. We argue that the analogical changes were essentially reactive to phonological developments, and to a large extent predictable in statistical terms. Investigating correlations in corpus data, we identify the factors that affected the probability that new analogical endings were adopted. The predictors of the directions of analogical change that we show to be robust include the syllable structure of the root, the salience of inherited and analogical inflectional markers, as well as their absolute and relative frequencies.

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Khatiwada, Karnakhar. "Coding Grammatical Relations in Dhimal." Gipan 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gipan.v3i2.48899.

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Grammatical relations play a vital role not only in the grammar of simple clauses but also in major syntactic processes in Dhimal. The overt coding properties of grammatical relations include nominal morphology and verb agreement in Dhimal. The nominal morphology as coding property presents a consistent nominative pattern of control in Dhimal. The pronominal verb agreement and number agreement also follow the nominative pattern. The Equi-NP deletion (or the co-referent deletion) in complement clauses displays the nominative control in the language.

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Okicic, Melisa. "Zašto nam je teško usvojiti engleske složene imenice / Why We Struggle with the Acquisition of English Nominal Compounds." Journal of the Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo / Radovi Filozofskog fakulteta u Sarajevu, ISSN 2303-6990 on-line, no. 24 (November 10, 2021): 130–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.46352/23036990.2021.130.

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The paper deals with the problem of poor acquisition of English nominal compounds in EFL university students who are native speakers of Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian (BCS). The problem was tackled by a brief comparison of noun morphology and declension suffixes in English and BCS, the introduction of negative transfer in the process of foreign language acquisition, and the analysis of BCS translation equivalents. The discussion revealed that the productivity of compounding largely depends on the complexity of noun morphology. Put simply, the more complex noun morphology is, the less productive compounding will be. In addition, the analysis of the translation equivalents also highlighted that a vast majority of problems related to poor acquisition of English nominal compounds stems from the fact that EFL learners usually translate L1 phrases word-forword into L2. Finally, it was pointed out that teaching English nominal compounds to EFL learners could be improved by tailored-made instructions provided in L1.

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Alexiadou, Artemis. "Tense marking in the nominal domain." Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2008 8 (December 31, 2008): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/livy.8.02ale.

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The aim of this paper is to argue that temporal marking in the nominal domain should not be taken as evidence for the existence of a syntactic category TP within the extended projection of the noun phrase. On the basis of two unrelated languages, Somali and Halkomelem, the paper re-interprets the role of temporal morphology as being linked to specificity in the former case and as being adverbial in the latter. Building on an analysis of Halkomelem, according to which the language lacks a syntactic category TP (Wiltschko 2003), the paper derives from this property the lack of a categorial distinction between nouns and verbs in Halkomelem. This is based on the proposal that becoming verbal necessarily requires a combination between some primitive predicative head and an Agreeing T in the syntax.

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Kazakovskaya, Victoria. "Child nominal derivation and parental input: Evidence from morphology-rich Russian." International Journal of Cognitive Research in Science, Engineering and Education 7, no. 1 (2019): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ijcrsee1901121k.

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Novak, I. P. "Nominal Morphology of the Tver Karelian Translation of “Gospel of Mark”." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 21, no. 9 (November 16, 2022): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-9-9-20.

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The article presents the results of an analysis of the nominal inflectional system of a two-centuries-old account of the Tver Karelian written language – the Gospel of Mark "Маркешта Святой Іôванӷели" translated into the Kozlovo subdialect of the Karelian language in 1820. This study is of high relevance due to the absence of papers describing the morphological system features of the language of this account, which is a key element in the study of the Karelian language history and dialectology. As part of the work, the materials from the translated text were compared to the data gathered during the linguistic expedition to the Kozlovо area of the Tver Karelian settlement in the summer of 2020, as well as to the data from the handwritten grammar of the Tver Karelian language by A. A. Belyakov (1948) and the grammar of the new scripted variant of the Tver Karelian language, based on dialectal material for the same group of subdialects as the translation of the Gospel. In addition, the revealed features are compared to the materials of other Karelian supradialects and dialects, both contemporary and presented in late 19th century descriptions. The article examines two grammatical categories of nominals: the number and the case. The analysis of the material led to the conclusion that the language of the manuscript is archaic, and also revealed a number of phenomena that were not presented in modern Tver Karelian subdialects and helped to identify the innovative features of relatively recent origin in the subdialects.

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Huang, Haiming, and Xiaoliang Xu. "Effects of surface morphology on thermal contact resistance." Thermal Science 15, suppl. 1 (2011): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci11s1033h.

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The thermal contact resistance is common in aerospace industry, nuclear reactors and electronic equipments. The work addresses a new scheme for determining the thermal contact resistance between a smooth surface of a film and a rough surface of a metal specimen. The finite element method was used as a tool to explore the surface morphology effect on the thermal contact resistance while the temperature of the contact surface was determined by a regression method. According to the results developed, the temperature on the contact surfaces linearly drops with the increasing average height of surface roughness and nonlinearly drops with the increasing ratio between non-contact area and nominal contact area. On the other hand, the thermal contact resistance increases linearly with increases in the average height of the surface roughness. What?s more, the thermal contact resistance increases in a non-linear manner as the ratio of the non-contact area to the nominal contact area is increasing.

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Ronai, Eszter, and Laura Stigliano. "Licensing of nominal ellipsis in Hungarian possessives." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 6, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v6i1.4994.

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We argue, based on novel data, that the possessor head (Poss) can license ellipsis of its complement in Hungarian. That is, contra existing claims in the literature, possessor morphology can survive nominal ellipsis and be stranded on the remnant. Adopting Saab & Lipták (2016)’s of ellipsis licensing, we propose that there is variation in the size of the ellipsis site in Hungarian: nominal ellipsis can be licensed by either Num or Poss. We further propose that nominal ellipsis licensed by Poss can capture a previously unanalyzed variation in the Hungarian possessive pronoun paradigm. Specifically, the two variants of possessive pronouns correspond to two different structures: one is the anaphoric possessive (see Dékány 2015), while the other exists only as a consequence of nominal ellipsis, which, as we show, is a productive possibility.

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Gutiérrez-Mangado, M. Juncal, and María Martínez-Adrián. "CLIL at the linguistic interfaces." Journal of Immersion and Content-Based Language Education 6, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 85–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jicb.17002.gut.

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Abstract This study explores the effect of CLIL on the acquisition of nominal morphology (syntax-morphology interface) and article use (syntax-semantics-discourse-interface), linguistic areas that have been scarcely investigated in CLIL settings. Here we compare article omission and overuse errors in an oral production task performed by L1 Basque-Spanish learners of L3 English in two CLIL and non-CLIL groups matching in age at testing time and amount of exposure. Results indicate that as regards nominal morphology, CLIL and non-CLIL learners are equal in terms of the omission of the definite and the indefinite article, but CLIL learners learn to solve article overuse more quickly than non-CLIL learners. Taking together these results and the findings from our previous study (Martínez-Adrián & Gutiérrez-Mangado, 2015a), which revealed the non-existence of CLIL benefits with respect to the acquisition of verbal morphology, we conclude that while the syntax-morphology interface seems to be unaffected by CLIL, CLIL can aid in the acquisition of features from the syntax-semantics-discourse interface.

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Kučerová, Ivona. "ɸ-Features at the Syntax-Semantics Interface: Evidence from Nominal Inflection." Linguistic Inquiry 49, no. 4 (October 2018): 813–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling_a_00290.

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I argue for a novel model of feature valuation in the CI interface and explore under what circumstances a syntactic feature is semantically interpretable. As the groundwork for the investigation, I propose an explicit Distributed Morphology model of Italian nouns of profession. The data provide evidence that the morphology accesses the narrow-syntax representation at two different temporal points within a phase: the earlier point (Spell-Out) returns a morphological realization faithful to feature values present in narrow syntax, while the later point (Transfer) allows for a narrow-syntax representation to be enriched by the CI component. Thus, there is no syntactic distinction between interpretable and uninterpretable features: a syntactic feature appears to be interpretable only if it has been licensed by the CI interface.

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Iordăchioaia, Gianina, Artemis Alexiadou, and Andreas Pairamidis. "Morphosyntactic sources for nominal synthetic compounds in English and Greek." Zeitschrift für Wortbildung / Journal of Word Formation 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/zwjw.2017.01.04.

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Abstract We analyze English and Greek nominal synthetic compounds like truck driver and truck driving from a syntactic perspective couched within Distributed Morphology. We derive the main differences between the two languages from the different morphosyntactic status of the non-head nouns, which are roots in Greek but categorized words in English.

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Daniel, Michael. "Bagvalal place names as adverbs." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 72, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stuf-2019-0012.

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Abstract In Bagvalal (East Caucasian), native place names show strongly reduced morphological inflection. They combine with spatial suffixes identical to those used on nouns and spatial adverbs and with attributive and plural suffixes identical to those of nominal genitive and plural and thus have mixed adverbial nominal morphology. Place names are unmarked in spatial function but marked in argument position. To occur in the latter, they require a nominal head with an abstract meaning such as ‘village’ or ‘place’. Bagvalal place names are syntactically adverbs rather than nouns. Considering syntax and morphology together, they constitute a morphosyntactic class intermediate between nouns and adverbs. Mixed properties of Bagvalal place names are functionally motivated. Place names are, first of all, locations (hence spatial inflection), but also territories associated with specific ethnic and sub-ethnic groups (hence attributive and plural inflection). I conclude by briefly reviewing evidence from some other East Caucasian languages, to show that Bagvalal is not an exception.

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Ambarita, E., R. Sibarani, D. Widayati, and E. Setia. "Nominal Word Formations in Toba Batak Language: A Study of Generative Morphology." KnE Social Sciences 3, no. 4 (April 19, 2018): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i4.1942.

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Kümmel, M. J. "RAU, JEREMY: Indo-European Nominal Morphology: The Decads and the Caland System." Kratylos 57, no. 1 (2012): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.29091/kratylos/2012/1/9.

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Burkholder, Michèle. "Language Mixing in the Nominal Phrase: Implications of a Distributed Morphology Perspective." Languages 3, no. 2 (April 12, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages3020010.

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Baptista, Marlyse. "On the development of verbal and nominal morphology in four lusophone creoles." Canadian Journal of Linguistics / La revue canadienne de linguistique 56, no. 1 (2011): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cjl.2011.0006.

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Baptista, Marlyse. "On the development of verbal and nominal morphology in four lusophone creoles." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 56, no. 1 (March 2011): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100001730.

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AbstractThis article attempts to reconstruct the plausible evolution of inflectional and free-standing morphemes in three historically related lusophone creoles (Cape Verdean Creole, Guinea-Bissau Creole, Papiamentu), and compares their morphological properties to Angolar, believed to have followed an independent developmental path. I examine their synchronic morphological properties and seek insights into their origins by studying Black speech in Portuguese 15th- and 16th-century literature. This reconstruction seeks to address several questions. Within the historically related creoles, is it possible to identify a set of formally and functionally common morphemes? If so, what is their source? Are they likely to have been inherited through diffusion? Are the common morphemes in the three related creoles distinct from those of Angolar or do they overlap?

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Klinge, Alex. "The role of configurational morphology in Germanic nominal structure and the case of English noun-noun constellations." Word Structure 2, no. 2 (October 2009): 155–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1750124509000397.

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This paper argues that a number of puzzling issues in the analysis of English nominal structure arise because English has lost the obligatory pre-N attributive morphology which is still present in the other Germanic languages, represented in this paper by German and Danish. The morphology which the other Germanic languages assign in this particular configuration ensures a clear-cut formal distinction between compounds and phrases, and it upholds a one-to-one relationship between pre-N attributive distribution and the word-class of adjectives. English lost the morphology in this particular configuration, so English also lost the clear-cut formal distinction between compounds and phrases, turning the distinction instead into a semantic one, and it opened up the pre-N attributive slot to constituent classes other than adjectives and adjective phrases. Understanding the role of pre-N attributive morphology in the nominal structure of Germanic languages opens up new ways of understanding the puzzles of English. This paper reviews some known puzzles in the light of the role of pre-N attributive morphology; and it makes new observations and proposes new explanations of structural facts across English, German and Danish.

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Paster, Mary. "Aspects of Maay phonology and morphology." Studies in African Linguistics 35, no. 1 (June 1, 2006): 74–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v35i1.107312.

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This paper presents a descriptive overview of the phonology and morphology of the Lower Jubba dialect of Maay, a language of southern Somalia. The paper highlights several points of typological, dialectological, and theoretical interest in this language. For example, the nominal morphology exhibits a somewhat unusual pattern of plural marking that interacts in a complex way with the gender marking system. Where relevant, comparisons are made between this dialect and other dialects of Maay and Somali, and speculation is made as to the historical origin of some of the unusual phonological and morphological phenomena observed in this dialect.

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Khateb, Asaid, Ibrahim A. Asadi, Shiraz Habashi, and Sebastian Peter Korinth. "Role of Morphology in Visual Word Recognition: A Parafoveal Preview Study in Arabic Using Eye-Tracking." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 12, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 1030–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1206.02.

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Words in Semitic languages such as Arabic and Hebrew are composed of two interwoven morphemes: roots and word patterns (verbal and nominal). Studies exploring the organizing principles of the mental lexicon in Hebrew reported robust priming effects by roots and verbal patterns, but not by nominal patterns. In Arabic, prior studies have produced some inconsistent results. Using the eye-tracking methodology, this study investigated whether the Arabic morphological classes (i.e., root, verbal pattern, nominal pattern) presented parafoveally would facilitate naming of foveally presented words among young native Arabic skilled readers. Results indicate that roots and both word patterns accelerated word naming latencies, suggesting that morphological knowledge contributed to word recognition processes in Arabic. The inclusion of the three morpheme classes into one study represents so far the most comprehensive study of morphological priming effects in Arabic.

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ΛΑΜΠΑΚΗΣ, Στυλιανός. "Βιβλιογραφικό σημείωμα: D. HOLTON- G. HORROCKS -M.JANSSEN -T. LENDARI -I. MANOLESSOU-N.TOUFEXIS, The Cambridge Grammar of Medieval and Early Modern Greek. Vol. 1. General Introduction and Phonology.Vol. 2. Nominal Morphology. Vol. 3, Verb Morphology. Vol 4. Syntax, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2019." Byzantina Symmeikta 30 (January 21, 2021): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/byzsym.25672.

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Bibliographical note:D. Holton – G. Horrocks – M. Jannsen –T. Lendari – I. Manolessou – N. Toufexis, The Cambridge Grammar of Medieval and Early Modern Greek. Vol. 1. General Introduction and Phonology [σελ. clxx, 1-238]. – Vol. 2. Nominal Morphology [σελ. xxii, 239-1264]. – Vol. 3. Verb Morphology [σελ. xxii, 1265-1858]. – Vol. 4. Syntax [σελ. xvi, 1859-2094], Cambridge 2019

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Frenck-Mestre, Cheryl, Hyeree Choo, Ana Zappa, Julia Herschensohn, Seung-Kyung Kim, Alain Ghio, and Sungryung Koh. "The Online Processing of Korean Case by Native Korean Speakers and Second Language Learners as Revealed by Eye Movements." Brain Sciences 12, no. 9 (September 11, 2022): 1230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091230.

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Previous experimental studies have reported clear differences between native speakers and second language (L2) learners as concerns their capacity to extract and exploit morphosyntactic information during online processing. We examined the online processing of nominal case morphology in Korean by native speakers and L2 learners by contrasting canonical (SOV) and scrambled (OSV) structures, across auditory (Experiment 1) and written (Experiment 2) formats. Moreover, we compared different instances of nominal case marking: accusative (NOM-ACC) and dative (NOM-DAT). During auditory processing, Koreans showed incremental processing based on case information, with no effect of scrambling or specific case marking. In contrast, the L2 group showed no evidence of predictive processing and was negatively impacted by scrambling, especially for the accusative. During reading, both Koreans and the L2 group showed a cost of scrambling on first pass reading times, specifically for the dative. Lastly, L2 learners showed better comprehension for scrambled dative than accusative structures across formats. The current set of results show that format, the specific case marking, and word order all affect the online processing of nominal case morphology.

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Takano, Yuji. "Why Japanese is different." Linguistic Variation Yearbook 2003 3 (December 31, 2003): 179–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/livy.3.08tak.

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A new theory of parametric variation is developed to explain certain differences between English and Japanese. Under a syntactic approach to derivational morphology, a fundamental hypothesis is proposed which states that Japanese is a ‘nominal language’, where all verbs are derived from nouns, and thus differs from English, where verbs and their nominal counterparts are derived from common roots in a parallel way. More specifically, it is argued that whereas in English verbs are derived by verbalization of simple roots, in Japanese they are derived by verbalization of nominalized roots. It is proposed that a parameter couched in terms of selectional relations between syntactic heads is responsible for the difference. It is shown that this parametric difference, coupled with syntactic principles, makes it follow that all Japanese nouns are non-θ-markers, which in turn explains unexpected properties related to the distribution of arguments in Japanese nominals. It is also shown that the proposed approach provides a simple account of the properties exhibited by lexical and null arguments in Japanese clauses that would otherwise remain mysterious.

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Chiabert, Paolo, and Mario Costa. "Statistical Modelling of Nominal and Measured Mechanical Surfaces." Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1569941.

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Modern manufacturing processes require unambiguous description of product morphology. In spite of numerous successes in the development of new mathematical tools, there not exists a method providing complete and coherent information on the product shape along its lifecycle. Consequently, industrial methods currently employed in dimensional and geometrical controls do not fully satisfy designers, manufactures and customers. A possible solution could be a statistical description of product shape because it has strong mathematical basis, uses powerful analysis tools and provides a single unifying model along the product development process. The comparison with industrial practice and deterministic mathematical tools in the design, manufacturing and verification phases, shows some interesting advantages of the probabilistic approach. The paper illustrates the theoretical basis of the probabilistic approach, provides the instruments necessary to its implementation and, finally, shows some applications in the inspection of mechanical objects.

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Güldemann, Tom. "Head-initial meets head-final nominal suffixes in eastern a southern Bantu from a historical perspective." Studies in African Linguistics 28, no. 1 (June 1, 1999): 50–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v28i1.107378.

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Bantu languages in eastern and southern Africa possess nominal suffixes which serve to express locative relations or derive nominal stems. As these grammemes are final to their noun hosts, they are markedly distinct from canonic prefix morphology in Bantu nouns. Moreover, nominal syntagms are head-initial and canonic grammaticalization in this domain can be expected to yield prefixes. The elements under discussion are suffixes, yet they developed in Bantu from inherited nominal lexemes. Thus, they are unusual from a morphotactic viewpoint and cannot easily be accounted for by exclusively language-internal developments. For this reason, it is plausible to investigate the hypothesis that the nominal suffixes emerged due to interference from languages having a different grammatical structure. For this purpose, a sample of non-Bantu languages from the relevant geographic area in Africa is established and analyzed in order to test whether there are languages or entire groups with head-final and suffixing patterns that could have influenced the process of suffix emergence in Bantu.

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Németh, Boglárka, and Anna Sőrés. "Evaluative morphology in the verbal domain." Morphology and emotions across the world's languages 42, no. 1 (April 19, 2018): 202–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.00008.nem.

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Abstract So far, evaluative morphology has received less attention in the verbal domain than in the nominal and adjectival ones. This paper shows that – besides frequentative morphemes like -gAt and preverbs like tele- ‘full’, le- ‘down’, fel ‘up’, etc. – in Hungarian events can be evaluated by means of the verbalizer suffix -kVdik. This formation is unusual in evaluative morphology since it is a category-changing operation. The suffix -kVdik can be attached to adjectives and to nouns expressing a profession or an occupation. Depending on the speaker’s intention, the morphologically complex verb suffixed with -kVdik can attribute to the activity an evaluative, mostly pejorative meaning. The paper suggests that this phenomenon goes beyond evaluative morphology and can be better analyzed in terms of morphopragmatics.

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Hofherr, Patricia Cabredo, and Denis Creissels. "Morphology-syntax mismatches in agreement systems: The case of Jóola Fóoñi." Word Structure 15, no. 3 (November 2022): 252–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2022.0210.

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The present study examines the agreement system of Jóola Fóoñi (Atlantic, Niger-Congo). In Niger-Congo languages, noun forms divide into subsets according to their agreement patterns. The morphological paradigm of the agreement targets is generally analysed as a reflex of agreement triggered by nominal controllers. For Jóola Fóoñi this view is not correct since (i) the range of subsets of noun forms and the range of values on the agreement targets do not match and (ii) inflection for a subset of class values is associated with its own semantic and syntactic properties, independent of agreement configurations with nouns. In Jóola Fóoñi the classification of noun forms based on their agreement properties and the cells of the inflectional paradigm of adnominal and pronominal agreement targets are related but independent components of the grammar. Of the 15 class-values that structure the inflectional paradigm of adnominals and pronouns involved in the expression of agreement with heads or antecedents, only 13 class-values function as agreement values with nominal controllers; the other 2 class-values only appear on agreement targets. The inflectional paradigm characterising agreeing adnominals and pronouns is heterogeneous in several respects. (i) Of the 15 class-values in the inflectional paradigm, only 12 allow non-contextual uses without a nominal controller, each associated with a particular meaning. (ii) Non-contextual uses of the 5 class-values expressing time, manner and different conceptualizations of space display adverbial syntax, while the other class-values show pronominal syntax. (iii) Of the 5 class-values associated with adverbial syntax, the 3 locative classes differ from the classes associated with time and manner with respect to relativisation. We propose that the forms inflected for class that express place, time or manner in their non-contextual use have become adverbs, and the locative relativisers have been reanalysed as locative relative pronouns.

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Kouwenberg, Silvia. "Early morphology in Berbice Dutch and source language access in creolisation." Word Structure 8, no. 2 (October 2015): 138–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2015.0079.

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After sketching the historical background to the emergence of Berbice Dutch (BD) in the Dutch-owned Berbice colony, I consider the composition of the BD lexicon, showing that this creole language received input from three linguistic sources, one European (Dutch, mainly Southwestern varieties), one African (one or several Eastern Ijo lects), and one native American (Arawak). While the latter is essentially a source of culturally specific borrowings, Dutch and Eastern Ijo are both well represented in common semantic domains of the lexicon. The remainder of the paper focuses on BD bound morphemes in the nominal and verbal domains, all of which derive from forms in the substrate; the striking absence of Dutch-origin morphology is considered, as is the reanalysis of substrate-origin morphology and the general lack of comparability of the distinctions made in the BD and Eastern Ijo nominal and verbal domains. I argue that despite the presence of Dutch and Eastern Ijo speakers – and hence of unsimplified Dutch and Eastern Ijo in the context in which BD emerged – creolisation proceeded without full access to the source languages.

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Boonmekam, Dusit, Duangduen Krailas, France Gimnich, Marco T. Neiber, and Matthias Glaubrecht. "A glimpse in the dark? A first phylogenetic approach in a widespread freshwater snail from tropical Asia and northern Australia (Cerithioidea, Thiaridae)." Zoosystematics and Evolution 95, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 373–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.95.34486.

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Thiaridae are a speciose group of freshwater snails in tropical areas including a high number of described nominal taxa for which modern revisions are mostly lacking. Using an integrative approach, the systematic status of a group of thiarids from the Oriental region, including the nominal speciesMelaniaasperaandM.rudis, is reassessed on the basis of shell morphology and biometry, radula dentition patterns, and reproductive biology along with molecular genetic methods. Our results suggest that populations from the Oriental region cannot be distinguished on the basis of shell morphology, radula characters and their reproductive mode and are monophyletic based on mitochondrial sequences. Hence,M.rudiswithM.asperaare regarded as belonging to the same species along with several other nominal taxa that were previously included inM.rudis. Moreover, populations from Thailand and Australia, from where the species was not previously recorded, could be shown to form a monophyletic group together with samples from Indonesia. However, a generic affiliation withThiara, in which the investigated taxa were often included in the past, was not supported in our phylogenetic analyses, highlighting the need for a comprehensive revision of the genus-group systematics of Thiaridae as a whole.

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SANDE, HANNAH. "Phonologically determined nominal concord as post-syntactic: Evidence from Guébie." Journal of Linguistics 55, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 831–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226718000476.

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This paper brings novel data to bear on whether nominal concord relationships are formed in the narrow syntax or post-syntactically. In Guébie, a Kru language spoken in Côte d’Ivoire, nominal concord marking on non-human pronouns and adjectives is determined not by syntactic or semantic features of the concord-triggering noun, but by the phonological form of the noun. Specifically, concord marking on pronouns and adjectives surfaces as a vowel with the same backness features as the vowels of the head noun. Assuming that syntax is phonology-free (Pullum & Zwicky 1986, 1988), the fact that we see phonological features conditioning nominal concord in Guébie means that nominal concord must take place in the post-syntax. I expand on post-syntactic models of nominal concord in Distributed Morphology (Kramer 2010, Norris 2014, Baier 2015) showing that when combined with a constraint-based phonology, such an approach can account for both phonologically and syntactico-semantically determined concord systems. Additionally, the proposed analysis includes a formal account of ellipsis via constraints during the phonological component.

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Johansson, Sara. "A participle account of Blackfoot relative clauses." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 58, no. 2 (July 2013): 217–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100003017.

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AbstractBlackfoot verbs are marked with nominal agreement morphology in relative clauses, in place of verbal inflection. These relative clauses have previously been analyzed as nominalizations. The present study shows that a nominalization analysis makes incorrect predictions about the morphological composition of relative clauses, as well as the availability of non-agentive and possessive constructions, and adjectival modification. This study demonstrates that relative clauses can relativize subjects, direct objects, and indirect objects. Based on observations about obviation, recursion, long-distance extraction, inflection, and word order, I propose that relative clauses are participles: clausal entities with a nominal superstructure. This accounts for their mixed clausal and nominal properties, and provides an analysis of Blackfoot relative clauses similar to those proposed for related Algonquian languages.

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CRYSMANN, BERTHOLD, and OLIVIER BONAMI. "Variable morphotactics in Information-based Morphology." Journal of Linguistics 52, no. 2 (April 17, 2015): 311–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226715000018.

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We address variable morphotactics, the phenomenon of order variability of morphs, in the context of inflectional morphology. Based on an extended discussion of cross-linguistic variation, including conjugation in Nepali, Fula, Swahili, Chintang and Italian, and nominal declension in Ostyak and Mari, we propose a canonical typology that identifies different deviations from strict ordering. Following a discussion of previous approaches to the problem, we propose Information-based Morphology, an inferential-realisational and model-theoretic approach to morphology couched in a logic of typed feature structures. Within this formal theory, we develop detailed analyses of the core cases in the typology and show how different types and degrees of deviation from the canon can be pin-pointed in the relative complexity of the rule type hierarchies that model the data. Furthermore, we show that complex deviations, as attested in Mari, can be understood as combinations of more basic deviations.

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Grimm, Scott, and Louise McNally. "The -ing dynasty: Rebuilding the semantics of nominalizations." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 25 (October 29, 2015): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v25i0.3070.

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The nature of -ing nominals has been widely debated since the early days of generative grammar (e.g. Lees 1960, Chomsky 1970), and at least since Vendler (1967), -ing forms also have played a central role in debates over natural language ontology for abstract objects. This paper attempts to simplify the ontology and account for the uses and interpretations a wide range of -ing forms using only a distinction between event types and event tokens. A core insight will be that the different constructions reflect different paths by which the -ing form may come to have type or token reference. A central contrast present among these different paths involves whether the event types/tokens are individuated through nominal morphology or through temporal anchoring.

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HEARD, RICHARD W., and W. WAYNE PRICE. "Revision of Bowmaniella sensu Băcescu, 1968 (Crustacea: Mysida: Mysidae: Gastrosaccinae): a taxonomic conundrum." Zootaxa 1269, no. 1 (July 20, 2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1269.1.1.

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There is confusion regarding the taxonomy, systematics, and distribution of species within the burrowing mysid genus Bowmaniella Băcescu, 1968. We have critically reviewed and examined the subgenera and the 15 nominal species currently assigned to Bowmaniella sensu Băcescu. Type material of eight of the 15 nominal species was examined and in vivo observations were made on two nominal species of the ‘dissimilis group’. It was determined that in the ultimate (terminal form) and penultimate (subterminal form) males, the morphology of the third pleopods is distinctly different, a factor which has led to taxonomic confusion and the descriptions of several invalid species. Because Băcescu (1968) did not designate a type species for Bowmaniella or for the subgenus Coifmanniella, both taxa are nomina nuda. Our studies, especially those involving the development of the male third pleopod, also indicate that nine of the nominal species previously assigned to Bowmaniella Bacescu, 1968 are junior synonyms. We formally designate two new genera, Bowmaniella n. g. and Coifmanniella n. g., to accommodate the species previously listed under Bowmaniella and its subgenera as perceived by Băcescu (1968). We retain the use of Bacescu’s original generic and subgeneric names, but with each having distinctly different diagnoses to those originally proposed by Băcescu. Bowmaniella n. g. is diagnosed to receive B. dissimilis (type species) and B. banneri. Coifmanniella n. g. contains four species, C. johnsoni (type species), C. mexicana, C. merjonesi, and C. parageia. Lectotypes are designated for Bowmaniella dissimilis, B. banneri, Coifmanniella mexicana and C. merjonesi and a neotype is designated for C. johnsoni. Illustrated keys are given for the seven “burrowing” genera presently assigned to the Gastrosaccinae and for the species currently assigned to the American genera Bowmaniella and Coifmanniella.

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Al-Jallad, Ahmad. "The Arabic of the Islamic conquests: notes on phonology and morphology based on the Greek transcriptions from the first Islamic century." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 80, no. 3 (October 2017): 419–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x17000878.

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AbstractThis paper attempts to reconstruct aspects of the phonology and morphology of the Arabic of the Islamic conquests on the basis of Greek transcriptions in papyri of the first Islamic century. The discussion includes phonemic and allophonic variation in consonants and vowels, and nominal morphology. The essay concludes with a discussion on possible Aramaic and South Arabian influences in the material, followed by a short appendix with remarks on select Arabic terms from the pre-Islamic papyri.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nominal morphology'

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