Journal articles: 'Nominalisation'

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Hao, Jing. "Nominalisations in scientific English." Functions of Language 27, no. 2 (July 6, 2020): 143–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.16055.hao.

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Abstract This paper examines nominalisation in scientific discourse in English, focusing on a distinction between what I will refer to as ‘live’ and ‘dead’ grammatical metaphors. Live metaphors refer to a nominal realisation of an ideational discourse semantic figure; dead metaphors are found in the same nominalisations as live metaphors, but they realise an entity rather than a figure. The distinction is made by drawing on a tristratal approach that is informed by Systemic Functional Linguistics and that considers nominalisation simultaneously from the perspectives of field, discourse semantics, and lexicogrammar. Although the paper focuses on nominalisation, it illustrates a broader line of argumentation that can be extended to the analysis of ideational discourse semantic meanings in general.

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Žarnauskaitė, Milda. "Verb-based Action and Process Nominalisation Patterns in English and Lithuanian EU Legal Documents." Studies about Languages 41, no. 1 (December 12, 2022): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sal.41.1.32446.

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Translators might face difficulties when working on legal texts due to their intricate features, such as nominalisation. The abstract nature of such structures could have a negative effect on text comprehension, as nominalisations are usually harder to process than verbs. In pursuit of making European Union (EU) documents more translator-friendly, the European Commission invites authors to communicate clearly, advising against the use of nominalisations. For this reason, a closer look at the current nominalisation patterns in English and Lithuanian EU legal documents is taken. The aim of the paper is to determine and compare the verb-based action and process nominalisations and their equivalent structures in English and Lithuanian EU legal documents, considering the impact of equivalent choices on the text. The focus is placed on verb-based action and process nominalisations derived by suffixation. Considering English and Lithuanian nominalisations, their equivalent structures are commonly expressed as nominalisations. The expression of nominalisations as nouns, as well as adjective-based nominalisations, is characteristic only to the Lithuanian language. The expression as an adverb, a prepositional structure or a pronoun is characteristic only to the English language. The analysis reveals that the verb-based action and process nominalisations might help follow the flow of information and emphasise key concepts. However, if the morphological properties were changed, repetition could be avoided, the dynamic properties of the text could be strengthened, or comprehension could be facilitated, which is essential for an effective translation process.

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KRAZEM, Mustapha. "Infinitif et nominalisation." L'Information Grammaticale 114 (June 30, 2007): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ig.114.0.2021834.

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le Flem, Claude D. "Relatives et Nominalisation." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.13.1.03fle.

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RELATIVES AND NOMINALIZATION: WHERE GUILLAUME TURNS TRANSFORMATIONALIST It is a little-known fact that by 1940 G. Guillaume had already developed a genetic syntax in which most embedded clauses were generated transformationally. But while the mechanism he postulated — internal or external nominalization — claims to reflect mental reality, an examination of the data shows, at least as far as relative clauses are concerned, it does not meet even the minimum requirement of observational adequacy. Although the falsification of an inadequate hypothesis is a step forward for any theory, the fact that in this case it has taken nearly fifty years to make it denotes a disturbing lack of rigour in the methodology of Psychomechanics.

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Zamponi, Graziela. "Anáforas associativas actanciais e nominalizações: delimitação do ponto de vista da semântica de eventos." Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos 44 (August 24, 2011): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v44i0.8637069.

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This paper presents some distinction between actancial associative anaphora and nominalisation from semantics of events. We claim that if the anaphoric element plays a thematic role of the previous sentence, an actancial associative anaphora will occur; if the anaphoric element refers to an argument describing the event of the verb, it will be considered a nominalisation.

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Cummings, Michael. "Nominalisation and genre in early discourses on electricity." Language, Context and Text 2, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.00025.cum.

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Abstract Halliday proposes that a key role in the language of science is played by compacting nominalisation, a strategy by which qualities and processes in one phase of a discourse are then nominalised in a following phase to facilitate the flow of argument. Compacting nominalisation is very characteristic of Priestley’s 1767 The history and present state of electricity. However, another book of the same era and field, Franklin’s 1751–1754 New experiments and observations on electricity, employs little of this strategy. One explanation lies in genre differences. Franklin’s book and accounts of electrical experiments into the Philosophical transactions of the same era are both generically similar to and different from Priestley’s book, quite beyond the issue of compacting nominalisation. Generic similarities and differences are here demonstrated in terms of register values.

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Ilc, Gašper. "Construction or Constructing? Some Observations on English Deverbal and Gerundial Nouns." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 13, no. 2 (December 16, 2016): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.13.2.153-164.

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English deverbal and gerundial nouns are traditionally analysed as instances of verbal nominalisations with a hybrid syntactic and semantic nature: while predominantly having nominal properties, they display some of the verbal characteristics as well. Using relevant examples from English corpora (BNC, ukWaC, enTenTen13), the paper examines the similarities and differences between the two types of nominalisations with special focus on their syntactic and semantic properties. The paper discusses deverbal/gerundial nouns in relation to the s.c. gerundial cline, which refers to the gradual process of nominalisation as observed in English. The analysis of examples shows that gerundial nouns are typically associated with the eventive interpretation, and that the structure of the nominal phrase headed by a gerundial noun directly reflects the syntactic properties of the verbal root. Deverbal nouns, on the other hand, are typically associated with the result-object interpretation, and the structure of the nominal phrase headed by a deverbal noun is less dependent on the syntactic properties of the verbal root. Despite these apparent differences, corpus data also reveal that the converse is also true: deverbal nouns can be used as gerundial nouns and vice versa.

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Bisilki, Abraham Kwesi. "Posture Verb Nominalisation in Likpakpaln (Konkomba)." Ghana Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjl.v8i1.1.

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Härmä, Juhani. "Remarques sur la nominalisation en finnois." Faits de Langues 30, no. 1 (2007): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19589514-030-01-900000012.

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Bisiada, Mario. "The editor’s invisibility." Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 30, no. 2 (March 21, 2018): 288–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.16116.bis.

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Abstract Most corpus-based studies of translation use published texts as the basis for their corpus. This overlooks interventions by other agents involved in translation such as editors, who may have significant influence on the translated text. In order to study editors’ influence on the translation product, this paper presents a comparative analysis of manuscript and published translations, which allows a differentiation of actual translated language and edited translated language. Based on a tripartite parallel corpus of English business articles and their translations into German, I analyse translators’ and editors’ influence on grammatical metaphoricity of the text, specifically on the use of nominalisations. One finding is that a significant amount of nominalisation is re-verbalised by editors. The results show that translated language may often be the result of significant editorial intervention. Thus, by just considering source text and published translation, our picture of what translators actually do may be significantly distorted.

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Hamm, Fritz, and Michiel Van Lambalgen. "Formal foundations for semantic theories of nominalisation." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 27 (January 1, 2002): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.27.2002.147.

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This paper develops the formal foundations of semantic theories dealing with various kinds of nominalisations. It introduces a combination of an event-calculus with a type-free theory which allows a compositional description to be given of such phenomena like Vendler's distinction between perfect and imperfect nominals, iteration of gerunds and Cresswell's notorious non-urrival of'the train examples. Moreover, the approach argued for in this paper allows a semantic explanation to be given for a wide range of grammatical observations such as the behaviour of certain tpes of nominals with respect to their verbal contexts or the distribution of negation in nominals.

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BICKEL, Balthasar. "Relatives à antécédent interne, nominalisation et focalisation." Bulletin de la Société de Linguistique de Paris 90, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 391–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/bsl.90.1.2002537.

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Do-Hurinville, Danh Thành. "Nominalisation et construction du thème en vietnamien." Faits de Langues 30, no. 1 (2007): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19589514-030-01-900000018.

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Hlungwani, Madala Crous. "Intransitive psych verbs and nominalisation in Xitsonga." South African Journal of African Languages 34, sup1 (May 20, 2014): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02572117.2014.896531.

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Gaatone, David. "Les parents pauvres de la nominalisation en français." Faits de Langues 51, no. 2 (April 7, 2021): 145–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19589514-05102008.

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Abstract Rather than a subordinating conjunction, French que is an “embedder”, a “nominalizer”, since it can introduce a subject clause, where there is neither linking, nor subordination. It makes it possible to transform a sentence into the component of a sentence, functioning as a nominal. In some contexts, que is not allowed, for instance, with certain prepositions, and is then replaced by ce que and le fait que/de, his poor relations (“parents pauvres”), less investigated, and functioning as free or contextual variants. Ce que behaves like a single word, a grammatical instrument, devoid of any meaning, while le fait que/de allow insertions and keep some of their original meaning, which accounts for their incompatibility with non factive contexts.

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Krazem, Mustapha. "Infinitif et nominalisation : une seule ou deux catégories ?" L'Information Grammaticale 114, no. 1 (2007): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/igram.2007.4451.

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Fedorenko, Anastasia. "Typology of Nominalisation of Adjectives in East Caucasian." Iran and the Caucasus 23, no. 4 (November 21, 2019): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1573384x-20190407.

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Traditionally, functioning of major classes of lexical items is described as follows. Nouns prototypically function as arguments, but can also serve as predicates and attributes; verbs are normally used as predicates, but can also appear for arguments and attributes; and adjectives are categorically attributes, while secondary they can be used as predicates. The question arises, whether adjectives can serve as arguments (and how). The answer is, undoubtedly, “yes”, they can. When an adjective is used without a head, it begins to function as a noun. The current research aims to describe the morphological behaviour of such nominalised adjectives in the East Caucasian languages. The study of 31 grammatical descriptions of these languages, based on the analysis of nominalised adjectives, reveals 5 groups of the East Caucasian languages.

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Surridge, Marie E. "Genre grammatical et dérivation lexicale en français." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 31, no. 3 (1986): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100011749.

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Dans un article précédant (Surridge, 1985) nous avons examiné la relation entre le genre grammatical des composés en français et leur terminaison phonétique. Nous avons démontré que le genre grammatical des composés est attribué selon certaines règles relativement simples. Ces règles dépendent soit directement soit indirectement de la structure morpho-syntaxique du composé en conjonction, pour certains types de composés, avec des critères sémantiques étroitement liés à la structure du nom. La “micro-syntaxe” de la composition (nous empruntons le terme employé par Benveniste 1967:15) inclut une formule pour déterminer le genre grammatical des noms produits par ce mécanisme, formule qui est en large mesure indépendante de la terminaison phonétique du composé. Nous nous proposons maintenant d’examiner le rôle dans l’attribution du genre grammatical d’une autre “micro-syntaxe”, celle de la nominalisation suffixale, et d’un phénomène associé: la nominalisation par conversion grammaticale.

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Hilsdon, Janet. "Nominalisation in the classroom: issues of power and identity." International Journal of Educational Development 17, no. 4 (October 1997): 417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0738-0593(97)00019-9.

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20

Randaccio, Monica. "Language change in scientific discourse." Journal of Science Communication 03, no. 02 (June 21, 2004): A01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.03020201.

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Halliday has demonstrated that changes in discourse function covary with changes in the grammatical resources a language makes available to construe discourse. Specifically, he outlined the ways in which nominalisation evolved as a resource for construing scientific reality as a world of logical relations among abstract entities. In the present article,

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Platiel, Suzy. "Les procédés de nominalisation dans deux langues de l’Ouest africain." Faits de Langues 30, no. 1 (2007): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19589514-030-01-900000003.

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Thomas, Damon, and Vinh To. "Nominalisation in high scoring primary and secondary school persuasive texts." Australian Journal of Language and Literacy 39, no. 2 (June 2016): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03651967.

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Nopriana, Nopriana, Jubliana Sitompul, and Marice Marice. "ANALYSE DES MOTSDE REPRISEDANS LES FAITS DIVERS DU JOURNAL « LE PARISIEN »." HEXAGONE Jurnal Pendidikan, Linguistik, Budaya dan Sastra Perancis 5, no. 1 (June 28, 2016): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/hxg.v5i1.3898.

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RÉSUMÉ Nopriana, No du Rég 2113331022, Analyse Des Mots De Reprise Dans Les Faits Divers Du Journal « Le Parisien ». Mémoire. Section Française du Département de la Langue Étrangère. Faculté de Lettres et d’Arts. Université de Medan. 2016. Le but de cette recherche est de savoir les utilisations de mots de reprise dans les faits divers des accidents, viols, assassinats, et cambriolages et de savoir les différences de mots de reprise dans chaque article. La méthode utilisée est la méthode descriptive qualitative. L’auteur utilise la théorie d’Adeline Lesot et Marion Cohen-Vida en employant les faits divers du journal « le parisien » comme les sources de données. Le résultat de cette recherche montre qu’il y a 216 mots de reprises qui se trouvent dans les faits divers du journal « le parisien », qui se composent de 53 mots de reprises dans les faits divers de viols, 22 dans des accidents, 80 dans des cambriolages, 61 dans des assassinats. La différence de mots de reprise dans lesfaits diversdes accidents, viols, assassinats, et cambriolages peut être vue dans la fréquence d’utilisation dans chaque article. La plupart des faits divers de viols utilisent la reprise par un déterminant ou nom propre, terme générique et spécifique, pronom personnel de la 3e personne et n’utilisent pas la reprise par un pronom indéfini et pronom possessif. La plupart des faits divers d’accidents emploient la reprise par un terme générique et spécifique, mais n’utilisent pas la reprise par une nominalisation, un pronom démonstratif et un pronom possessif. La plupart des faits divers de cambriolages utilisent la reprise par un déterminant ou nom propre, terme générique et spécifique, périphrase, pronom personnel de la 3e personne mais n’utilisent pas la reprise par une nominalisation, un pronom indéfini et un pronom possessif, et la plupart des faits divers d’assassinats emploient la reprise par un déterminant ou nom propre, terme générique et spécifique, pronom personnel de la 3e personne et pronom démonstratif, mais n’utilisent pas nominalisation, pronom indéfini et pronom possessif. Mots clés : Mot de reprise, Fait divers, le journal « le parisien »

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GROVER, CLAIRE, ALEX LASCARIDES, and MIRELLA LAPATA. "A comparison of parsing technologies for the biomedical domain." Natural Language Engineering 11, no. 1 (February 28, 2005): 27–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324904003547.

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This paper reports on a number of experiments which are designed to investigate the extent to which current NLP resources are able to syntactically and semantically analyse biomedical text. We address two tasks: (a) parsing a real corpus with a hand-built wide-coverage grammar, producing both syntactic analyses and logical forms and (b) automatically computing the interpretation of compound nouns where the head is a nominalisation (e.g. hospital arrival means an arrival at hospital, while patient arrival means an arrival of a patient). For the former task we demonstrate that flexible and yet constrained pre-processing techniques are crucial to success: these enable us to use part-of-speech tags to overcome inadequate lexical coverage, and to package up complex technical expressions prior to parsing so that they are blocked from creating misleading amounts of syntactic complexity. We argue that the XML-processing paradigm is ideally suited for automatically preparing the corpus for parsing. For the latter task, we compute interpretations of the compounds by exploiting surface cues and meaning paraphrases, which in turn are extracted from the parsed corpus. This provides an empirical setting in which we can compare the utility of a comparatively deep parser vs. a shallow one, exploring the trade-off between resolving attachment ambiguities on the one hand and generating errors in the parses on the other. We demonstrate that a model of the meaning of compound nominalisations is achievable with the aid of current broad-coverage parsers.

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Denistia, Karlina. "Revisiting the Indonesian prefixes peN-, pe2- and per-." Linguistik Indonesia 36, no. 2 (February 21, 2019): 144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/li.v36i2.80.

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This paper presents a literature review on three nominalising prefixes in Indonesian: peN-, pe2- and per- whose function is to create agent, instrument, or patient (e.g. tulis ‘to write’ – penulis ‘writer’, wisata ‘travel’ – pewisata ‘traveller’ and tapa ‘ascetic’ – pertapa ‘hermit’). The ‘N-‘ in peN- stands for ‘nasal’ due to its five nasalised allomorphs (e.g. pen-, peny-, pem-, peng-, and penge-). However, there is one peN- allomorph which is not nasalised, henceforth called pe1-. Pe2-, the other prefix, is described as having similar in form and meaning as pe1-. Per-, the last prefixed is described as the archaic nominalisation prefix. Some theorists believed that Indonesian nominalisation is derived from peN- and per- in which pe2- belongs to per-, some argued that it is formed from peN- in which pe2- is one of peN- variant or per-, and some stated that nouns are derived from peN-, pe2- or per-. PeN- is described as the most productive of the three prefixes and is believed to correlate with the verbal prefix meN- (e.g. menulis ‘to write’ – penulis ‘writer’) with the process of affix substitution. Whereas pe2- is described as corresponding with the verbal prefix ber- (e.g. berwisata ‘to travel’ – pewisata ‘traveller’). Thus far, there has been no consensus addressing whether pe2- the allomorph of peN- or per- or none of them. This paper will examine existing theories and research relevant to this issue.

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Friday-Otun, Joseph Omoniyi. "The Study of Reduplication and Retriplication in the Yoruba Language." Journal of Language and Literature 21, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 198–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v21i1.2933.

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The Yoruba language, a regional lingua franca in Nigeria, which belongs to the Kwa sub-family of Kordofanian phylum of the larger African language family, is spoken in Nigeria, Togo, Ghana, Liberia, Brazil, Cuba, etc. The language attests a very productive feature of reduplication which has attracted the attention of many scholars. But its extended form, tagged, “retriplication” in this paper, remains largely unexplored. This study examines the form and functions of reduplication and retriplication which are two morphological processes where the former serves as a pedestal to the latter. While applying the participant observation method to elicit data from main Yoruba cities in Nigeria, the Pulleyblank (2009) model, as well as the descriptive and context usage approaches are employed to analyse and discuss the data. The study reveals that while reduplication process actualises intensification, nominalisation, emphasis and comparative qualifying, retriplication serves for more intensification, wider nominalisation, more emphasis and superlative qualifying. The research further reveals that, while all cases of verb and adjective reduplicates can be retriplicated without generating unacceptable utterances in Yoruba, the gerundive reduplicates cannot culminate in retriplication. However, kinship reduplicate allows retriplication when stretched to the third generation. The paper concludes by calling for more study on retriplication in other languages of the world, particularly, African and Asian languages that massively exhibit the two phenomena.

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Shuchun, Zhang. "Semantic Characteristic of Nouns Formed with the Suffix -ost’ in the Modern Russian Literary Language." Vestnik of Samara University. History, pedagogics, philology 26, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-0445-2020-26-4-101-108.

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The article aims to demonstrate the semantic diversity of the nouns formed with the suffix -ost, which have been considered as one of the most regular word-formation types in the modern Russian language. In order to give a semantic portray of the given word-formation type we have analysed all the nouns with the given suffix, included in the Shvedova Dictionary and the Russian Newspapers of the End of XX Century Corpus, developed by Laboratory for General and Computational Lexicology and Lexicography, Lomonosov Moscow State University. The analysis shows that nouns formed with the given suffix, while consisting a large percentage of deadjectival nominalisations in the modern Russian language, show rather diverse semantic features. The main subtypes of meanings, which consist the semantic paradigm of the given word-formation type, are transpositional (construction of nouns that name a quality), parametric (nouns that can be used as a parameter for measuring) and subject meaning (nouns that refer to a concrete subject in the extralinguistic reality). In addition, the last subtype subject meaning is also consistent of nearly 20 semantic classes, including substance, a person, a place, a type of documents, an event, a phenomenon and so on. The analysis of the corpus data shows that a large proportion of the most frequently used words in newspaper texts are the words that have rather concrete meanings. Hence their definitions in dictionaries are ought to be updated in accordance with their usages in the corpus. The results could be applied in the future study of deadjectival nominalisation in the modern Russian language

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Lai, Yunfan. "Relativisation in Wobzi Khroskyabs and the integration of genitivisation." Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area 41, no. 2 (December 31, 2018): 219–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ltba.17015.lai.

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Abstract This paper focuses on the morphosyntax as well as the semantics of relativisation in Wobzi Khroskyabs, a Rgyalrongic language spoken in Sichuan, China. Different strategies of relativisation are presented, especially the nominalisation strategy. Wobzi Khroskyabs exhibits an innovative relativisation strategy with the genitive marker =ji, which is rarely found in other Rgyalrongic languages. Several hypotheses are put forward to account for the evolutionary pathway from genitivisation to relativisation, showing that genitive =ji probably followed an ergative pattern to enter the relativisation of core arguments.

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Barbaud, Philippe. "La nominalisation d’un participe passé: la suppléance mettre/mise en composition lexicale." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 40, no. 2 (June 1995): 127–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100015826.

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AbstractThe nominalization of several French idioms constructed with the verb mettre contrasts with that of derived nominais such as la destruction de Rome par les barbares. This contrast is mainly due to the quasi mandatory shift of the internal arguments of NPs such as la mise en oeuvre de X ‘the implementation of X’ which corresponds to mettre X en oeuvre ‘to implement X’. A standard morphological treatment of the nominalization of mettre cannot account for the “parasitic gap” associated with this shift. A treatment in terms of “derivational syntax” appears to be more adequate, in that it attributes to the verbal suppletion the preservation of the categorial identity and the semantic unity of the lexical entry shared by the NP and the VP. A major theoretical consequence of this analysis is that it challenges the generally agreed upon claims that X-bar structures are necessarily endocentric and that lexical entries always constitute atomic categories.

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Terblanche, Lize. "A comparative study of nominalisation in L1 and L2 writing and speech." Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies 27, no. 1 (April 12, 2009): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/salals.2009.27.1.4.752.

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Ndiaye, Moussa D. "Esquisse d’une morphologie du wolof." Revue québécoise de linguistique 23, no. 1 (April 29, 2009): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/603083ar.

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RÉSUMÉ La tradition descriptive du wolof admet généralement que les constructions telles que l’inversif, l’inchoatif, le causatif, la nominalisation, etc. sont obtenues en adjoignant un suffixe à un radical. Or, un tel modèle morphologique basée sur le mot, implique le recours à un catalogue de règles phonologiques qui ne sont pas évidentes dans la grammaire du wolof. Notre propos consiste à démontrer que le système morphologique du wolof accorde plus d’importance au squelette-CV qu’à une trame phonétique. L’analyse proposée permet donc d’éliminer un certain nombre de paradoxes découlant de la conception habituelle de la morphologie du wolof, et d’en proposer une image moins complexe, mais plus cohérente.

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Koreinik, Kadri. "Agency lost in the discourse of language endangerment: nominalisation in discourse about South Estonian." Eesti Rakenduslingvistika Ühingu aastaraamat. Estonian Papers in Applied Linguistics 7 (April 2011): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5128/erya7.05.

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Wang, Aiqing. "Westernised Chinese in Yu Hua’s Chronicle of a Blood Merchant." Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature 16, no. 2 (April 26, 2022): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lc.v16i2.32966.

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Yu Hua is one of the most illustrious avant-garde and post-modernist writers in contemporary China, whose chefs-d’oeuvre can be exemplified by a 1995 novel Chronicle of a Blood Merchant. Notwithstanding widespread accolades, Yu Hua’s fiction is excoriated by his peer Han Han for resembling works translated from Western literature. In this research, I scrutinise the language deployed in Chronicle of a Blood Merchant under the framework postulated by Yu Kwang-chung. I propound that the language in Chronicle of a Blood Merchant bears similitude to Westernised/Europeanised Chinese, in that it involves conspicuous light verbs, nominalisation, bei passivisation, subordinating and coordinating conjunctions, plural forms, as well as premodifiers and particles, a considerable proportion of which are redundant and impinged upon by the English language.

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Banks, David. "Some linguistic features of the physical sciences research article before, during and after the First World War." Language, Context and Text 4, no. 1 (April 6, 2022): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/langct.20011.ban.

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Abstract Previous studies suggest that in times of great turbulence scientific writing becomes more conservative. In order to see whether this is true of the period of the First World War, a sample of research articles in the field of the physical sciences for the years 1900, 1910, 1920 and 1930 was studied. Features relating to process types, passives, first person pronouns, themes and nominalisation were considered. This showed that while there was little evidence for the initial conjecture, it was frequently the case that the direction of change altered during the period 1910 to 1920. This change was often maintained in the following decade. Thus, there are significant changes occurring in the period 1910 to 1920 which warrant further study.

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Ojanguren López, Ana Elvira. "Old English verbs of prohibition. Grammatical behaviour and class membership." SELIM. Journal of the Spanish Society for Medieval English Language and Literature. 24, no. 1 (September 12, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/selim.24.2019.1-28.

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The aim of this article is to determine if the Old English verbs bewerian, forbēodan, foresacan, forwiernan, stīeran and tōcweþān constitute a unified class of prohibition. The theoretical model is provided by the framework of verb classes and alternations, as well as by Role and Reference Grammar. Class membership requires not only similar meaning components but also shared grammatical behaviour. While bewerian, forbēodan and forwyrnan are found in three syntactic configurations, and in the Nominalisation and Undergoer alternations, foresacan, stīeran and tōcweþān occur in one syntactic configuration only and do not take part in these alternations. The main conclusion of this article is that these verbs do not show a similar grammatical behaviour and, therefore, cannot be said to represent a consistent verbal class.Keywords: Old English; verb classes; alternations; Role and Reference Grammar

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Mulović, Amra. "Manipulacija u političkom diskursu / Manipulation In Political Discourse." Context: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 1 (March 21, 2022): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.55425/23036966.2016.3.1.41.

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Manipulation is a kind of speech activity which has definite intentions and aims, such as gaining control and power within political discourse. This paper will shed light on the theoretical ground on which this phenomenon is based to determine how language is utilized for manipulation. The analysis aims to investigate manipulative strategies and the language devices used in generating these strategies in al-Gaddafi s speech known as Zenga. Also, it will pay more attention to strategy of polarisation, i.e. basic strategy of positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation. This paper will be limited to lexical-semantic devices (selection of negative words for them and positive words for us), certain grammatical mechanisms (passive, nominalisation) and rhetorical devices (metaphor, metonymy, hyperbole). The study shows the diversity of modes of how language of the speech is manipulated on diffe ent levels of discourse.

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Ojanguren López, Ana Elvira. "Morpho-syntactic Alternations of Old English Verbs of Inaction." International Journal of English Studies 22, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 91–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/ijes.500791.

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The aim of this article is to describe the morpho-syntactic alternations of Old English verbs of inaction. The method includes the analysis of the syntactic constructions in which verbs of inaction are found and of the alternations themselves, which are described as to argumenthood, morphological case, prepositional government and structural complexity. Two types of alternation are identified on the basis of the affected argument. The dative alternation and the reflexive alternation involve both the first and the second argument, whereas the nominalisation alternation and the genitive alternation are restricted to the second argument. The main conclusions are that the alternations found with inaction verbs consist of two alternants that show different degrees of semantic and syntactic integration, and that the consistent distribution of alternations justifies the classification of the set of classes of inaction proposed in this article.

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McGregor, William B. "Complex sentence constructions in Nyulnyul, Western Australia." Functions of Language 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 25–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.1.1.04mcg.

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This paper investigates complex sentence constructions in Nyulnyul (Kimberley, Western Australia). Three primary types of inter-clausal relationships — embedding (part-whole), dependence (part-part) and scope (whole-whole) — permit an initial typology of complex sentence types. This paper focuses on embedding and dependence, ignoring scope. It is argued that non-finite clauses must be embedded in a finite clause, whereas finite clauses cannot be, and may only be related to another finite clause by dependence. Dependence relations can be classified (following Halliday 1985) according to two independent emically significant parameters: parataxis vs. hypotaxis; and extension vs. elaboration vs. enhancement. The contrast between parataxis and hypotaxis is examined, and it is argued that hypotaxis involves the reduction in status of the dependent clause; consequences of this are discussed. Embedding involves nominalisation, and with this the 'entitisation' of an event, and the consequent unchallangeability of the clause.

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Wang, Aiqing. "Chinese Neologisms in the Field of Fandom: From a Rhetorical Perspective." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v2i3.332.

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In this paper, I investigate Chinese neologisms in the field of fandom from a rhetorical perspective. Chinese fans either borrow existing expressions, sometimes Internet neologisms, and employ them in a novel approach, or create new expressions. Fandom neologisms may involve conceptual metaphor and conceptual metonymy. Metaphor can be categorised into playful metaphors and visual metaphors, the former of which may be concerning war, food or sex. Sex-related metaphors in fan neologisms are expressed via euphemismby means of alphabetic words, homophones and altered characters, owing to social taboo and Internet language usage regulation. In terms of fandom neologisms involving metonymy, they may be accompanied by nominalisation, verbification and hyperbole. Moreover, my observation indicates that Chinese fandom neologisms normally demonstrate semantic opaqueness, which I presume might be correlated with recognition memory. As a subcategory of Internet neologisms generated from networked grassroots communication,fandom neologisms demonstrate an upward transmission direction, as well as a potential to enter the mainstream lexicon by means of being cited by the traditional media.

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Nhung, Luu Thi Kim. "Representation(s) of Developed and Developing Countries in Newspapers’ Coverage of Climate Conferences: A Critical Discourse Analysis." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 2 (December 23, 2017): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n2p35.

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This study critically analysed how developed and developing countries were represented in The Independent and The New York Times’ coverage of the Conferences of the Parties to the UNFCCC between 2004 and 2013. The method of analysis was a qualitative critical discourse analysis in accordance with Fairclough’s (1989) framework with the support of corpus techniques.The research findings showed that there were distinct responsibilities for climate change ascribed to the developed and the developing countries. While the developed countries were represented as being reluctant and indifferent towards their responsibility, the developing countries tended to depend on the developed countries’ support in solving their climate-related problems. During the study period, therefore, no consensus could be reached on a common framework for climate change. The linguistic features of lexical choice, passivisation, nominalisation, modality and metaphor were found ideologically employed in the newspapers’ representations of the countries. Additionally, the ideologies and their linguistic manifestations were influenced by the media’s discursive practices and the wider social context.

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Næss, Åshild. "Beyond roots and affixes." Studies in Language 41, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 914–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.16087.nae.

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Abstract This paper discusses the analysis of a particular class of morphemes in the Oceanic language Äiwoo, and argues that the difficulties in accounting for them in traditional terms such as nominalisation, compounding, relative clauses, or classifiers is due to their status as bound lexical morphemes, also known as bound roots, an under-discussed category in linguistic literature. It proposes some parameters of variation within bound lexical morphemes as a class and shows that the Äiwoo facts can be best accounted for by reference to these parameters, both in terms of language-internal description and crosslinguistic comparability. It argues that understanding crosslinguistic morphological structure in terms of a dichotomy between “roots” and “affixes” underplays the existing variation in linguistic structure, and that a more detailed examination is necessary of forms which do not fit clearly into this dichotomy; the discussion of the Äiwoo data aims to provide a starting-point for such an examination.

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Flowerdew, John. "Use of signalling nouns in a learner corpus." Lexical Cohesion and Corpus Linguistics 11, no. 3 (August 30, 2006): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.11.3.07flo.

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Signalling nouns are nouns which have cohesive properties across and within clauses. A signalling noun is potentially any abstract noun the full meaning of which can only be made specific by reference to its context. Examples of nouns which can function as signalling nouns are attitude, assistance, difficulty, endurance, process, reason, result etc. Signalling nouns in discourse are closely associated with nominalisation and are problematic for learners. Based on a corpus of argumentative essays written by Cantonese L1 learners of English, this paper presents a taxonomy of error types and frequency data of the different error types in the use of signalling nouns. The paper then compares the average number of signalling nouns used per essay with grades awarded to the essays, on the one hand, and the numbers of signalling noun errors according to grades, on the other. In both cases there is a significant correlation. The findings confirm the intuitive idea that the use of signalling nouns adds to the overall coherence of a text.

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Rokoszewska, Katarzyna Joanna. "Fluency and complexity as coupled growers in speaking English at secondary school – A case study of a good, average, and poor language learner." Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 6 (December 30, 2020): 160–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.11838.

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One of the main assumptions of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST) is that internally complex language subsystems develop non-linearly while entering different kinds of supportive, competitive, conditional, or dual relationships which are characterised by trade-offs caused by learners’ restricted cognitive processing, especially in foreign language speech. The present paper belongs to a short series of articles which examines various aspects of the development of L2 English speech at secondary school on basis of the same longitudinal, exploratory, and corpus-based case study. The aim of this paper is to investigate the dynamics of the relationships between fluency and both syntactic and lexical complexity in the speech of a good, average, and poor language learner at the level of secondary school. Syntactic complexity was investigated in terms of general sentence complexity, subordination, coordination, and nominalisation, whereas lexical complexity was construed in terms of lexical density, sophistication, and variation. In general, the results indicated predominantly supportive relationships between fluency and different measures of syntactic complexity but competitive or dual relationships between fluency and lexical complexity. However, the relationships between the selected variables fluctuated over time and often differed in the case of a good, average, and poor language learner.

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Przepiórkowski, Adam, and Agnieszka Patejuk. "Predicative Adverbs and Adjectives with Infinitival Subjects. A Corpus Investigation." Studies in Polish Linguistics 15, no. 3 (2020): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23005920spl.20.006.12978.

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The aim of this paper is to compare two Polish predicative constructions with infinitival subjects, namely those with predicative adverbs and those with predicative adjectives. The latter construction, of the form “predicative adjective + copula + infinitival subject”, has hardly been noticed in Polish literature on predication, copulas, or infinitival subjects. On the basis of corpus data, mainly from the National Corpus of Polish, we demonstrate that this construction is much rarer than the analogous construction with predicative adverbs. We also show that roughly the same predicates may be expressed as either adverbs or as adjectives when the subject is an infinitival phrase – any observed differences are not systematic but rather stem from lexical gaps and differences in the meanings of particular adverbs and adjectives. In particular, certain modal predicates may only be expressed as adjectives because the corresponding adverbs do not express the same non-epistemic modal meanings. Finally, we provide new corpus evidence for an earlier claim that predicative adjectives are much rarer than adverbs when the subject is infinitival because they require this subject to undergo covert nominalisation; as adverbs combine with infinitival subjects directly, they are usually preferred.

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Rokoszewska, Katarzyna. "Accuracy and complexity as connected growers in L2 English speech at secondary school – a case study of a good, average, and poor language learner." Neofilolog, no. 56/1 (March 31, 2021): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/n.2021.56.1.6.

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Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST), which originated in the natural sciences, has recently been applied to second language acquisition, underlining the interdisciplinary character of this humanistic discipline. According to this theory, language is a complex dynamic system consisting of subsystems which develop in a non-linear way, forming different kinds of supportive, competitive, or conditional relationships. What is more, these subsystems compete for the learner’s limited resources, which causes trade-offs within and between language subsystems, such as complexity, accuracy, and fluency, especially in speech. The present paper constitutes a part of a short series of articles which present different aspects of the same longitudinal case study on the development of L2 English speech at secondary school. The aim of this paper is to examine the relationships between language accuracy and a number of specific measures of syntactic complexity, i.e. general sentence complexity, subordination, coordination, and nominalisation; as well as lexical complexity, i.e. lexical density, sophistication, and variation, in the case of a good, average, and poor language learner at secondary school. In general, the results showed that the relationships between the selected variables fluctuated over time and often differed in the case of a good, average, and poor language learner.

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Ngongo, Magdalena, and Naniana Benu. "Interpersonal and Ideational Metaphors in the Writing of Thesis Texts of Undergraduate Students of English Study Program: A Systemic Functional Linguistic Approach." RETORIKA: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa 6, no. 2 (October 29, 2020): 113–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/jr.6.2.2320.113-120.

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This study describes how interpersonal and ideational metaphors were realised in th writing of theses texts written by undergraduate students of English study program. This study is a documentary analysis of descriptive method. Data in the form of corpus data were randomly taken from 15 theses among 70 theses in population. Data were analyzed by focusing on the semantic functions covering interpersonal and ideational metaphors. The results showed that interpersonal metaphor was realised in mood system and modality. Mood system was realised mostly in declarative clauses than interrogative and imperative ones. This fact was caused by the channel of text, written text. Modality was least used in the texts. Ideational metaphor was sin transitivity system in which material process was mostly applied than mental, behaviour, existential, relational and verbal processes. Nominalisation was selected as the mostly used property of linguistic feature in writing theses. Ideational metaphor was more used than interpersonal metaphor. This fact happens due to the text channel, written text. Therefore, it is suggested that lecturers in their teaching should consider their teaching by including metaphorical meaning, especially ideational and interpersonal metaphors. Besides, it is suggested to conduct research by comparing languages, national or international languages such as between Indonesian and English or else.

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Gumul, Ewa. "Translational Shifts of Syntactic and Lexical Markers of Ideology: Reporting the Iraqi Conflict in Polish Reprint Press." Meta 56, no. 4 (July 11, 2012): 758–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1011251ar.

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The present paper focuses on the notion of mediating source-text ideology in press translation, investigating lexico-grammatical resources. This study is partly set within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis. The analysis focuses on such features as disambiguation or creation of grammatical metaphors (i.e., nominalisation and denominalisation), changes in transitivity patterns, modifications of the levels of modality, as well as shifts in lexical choice, semantic prosody and cohesion patterns. The source of the texts analysed in this paper is a Polish reprint magazine, Forum, publishing translated articles from a variety of English-language quality press titles. The articles selected for the analysis deal with the Iraqi conflict in 2003 and its aftermath. The aim of the study is to ascertain whether the lexical choice and the syntactic structures employed in the target texts engender changes in the ideological content of the source texts and the projected point of view. Given the nature of reprint press, a hypothesis has been formulated that the source-text ideology might remain unchanged in the process of translation or the translator’s intervention is expected to be minimal. The results reveal, however, that a substantial proportion of the translated texts fall within the category of partial mediation, projecting an altered point of view to a target-text audience.

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To, Vinh, Quynh Lê, and Thao Lê. "Applying Halliday’s linguistic theory in qualitative data analysis." Qualitative Research Journal 15, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 135–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-11-2014-0059.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the usefulness of Halliday’s linguistic theory known as Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) in analysing qualitative data. In order to do this, it initially presents an overview of SFL, and then explains how and why four linguistic features namely, nominalisation, grammatical metaphor, thematic structure and lexical density are useful in examining qualitative data. The paper also discusses three social metafunctions of language known as the ideational, the interpersonal and the textual metafunctions which are significant for understanding and interpreting texts. Design/methodology/approach – This paper employs SFL as the main theoretical framework to discussing the usefulness of this linguistics theory in qualitative data analysis. Findings – SFL can be seen as a paradigm shift in linguistic theory moving away from the traditional focus on syntax to the inclusion of the interface between language and pragmatics. The focus of SFL is language in use. It deals with texts in social contexts, which is the main focus in qualitative data analysis. Thus, SFL provides both research tools and theoretical insights for understanding and interpreting texts. Originality/value – This paper provides significant insights into language which are crucial for understanding and interpreting texts in social contexts.

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Ben Gharbia, Abdeljabbar. "Les complétives en arabe classique: entre parataxe et hypotaxe." Arabica 57, no. 5 (2010): 517–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005810x519080.

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AbstractNous sommes parti dans cet article de la hiérarchie sémantique des différentes classes des verbes introducteurs de complétives propositionnelles, proposée par le linguiste cognitiviste Givón Talmy. Nous avons revu partiellement cette hiérarchie, notamment pour ce qui concerne le milieu et le bas de l’échelle de liage, et ce à partir des données de l’arabe classique<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">1</xref>. Cette révision nous a permis de montrer que le liage sémantique est reflété par le degré d’intégration syntaxique, que l’emploi du muāri manūb (l’inaccompli subjonctif) après an est dû à sa valeur modale, qui permet de situer un processus dans la sphère subjective du possible et de l’éventuel. Cette étude nous a conduit enfin à nous intéresser aux particules an et anna, et à montrer qu’elles ne sont pas des connecteurs subordonnants, mais des opérateurs nominalisateurs qui permettent à un processus d’être conceptualisé comme un objet pour occuper les positions syntaxiques réservées d’ordinaire aux syntagmes nominaux dans une construction propositionnelle plus grande. Tous ces constats nous ont permis de revoir l’opposition entre parataxe et hypotaxe, et de considérer que la nominalisation des processus par le biais des particules an et anna représente un procédé intermédiaire de complexification.

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Robbin, Anjola, and Oluwamayowa Samuel Lawal. "Sociolinguistic Analysis of Lexical Reduplication in Undergraduates’ Utterances in Lead City University, Ibadan." International Journal of English Language Studies 4, no. 4 (December 3, 2022): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijels.2022.4.4.7.

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Reduplication is a product of interference, a major phenomenon in the interlingual study. Lexical Reduplication deals with a situation whereby a particular lexical item is repeated side-by-side in a sentence to express the speaker’s feelings or thoughts. Reduplication, often occasioned by interference, occurs mostly among speakers of English as a Second Language (ESL or L2), irrespective of their level of education, status and proficiency in the English Language. This paper, under the purview of socio-semantics, undertook to analyze lexical reduplication in Nigerian English in the utterances of Lead City University, Ibadan undergraduates. Using Alsamadani and Taibah’s framework of the typology and functions of reduplication, data were collected from two (2) departments, each across five (5) faculties. Using a voice recorder, structured interviews and focused group discussions of Ten (10) students were sampled from the selected departments. The findings show the occurrence of full reduplication in the forty-four (44) transcribed utterances where lexical reduplication was realized. Words, groups and clauses were reduplicated for emphasis/iteration purposes 6 times (54.55%), for pluralisation purposes 4 times (36.36%) and 1 time (9.09) for nominalisation purposes. There was, however, no instance of reduplication for the function of the distribution. Furthermore, asides from the functions identified by the framework guiding this study, the data analysis shows that educated speakers of Nigerian English also use reduplication for the purposes of hesitation, affirmation and disapproval.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Nominalisation'

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