To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Nominalization. eng.
Journal articles on the topic 'Nominalization. eng'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 38 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Nominalization. eng.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
FÁBREGAS, ANTONIO, and RAFAEL MARÍN. "The role of Aktionsart in deverbal nouns: State nominalizations across languages." Journal of Linguistics 48, no. 1 (November 23, 2011): 35–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226711000351.
Full textAbstract:
Most of the literature devoted to the study of deverbal nominalizations concentrates on the complex event reading (e.g. La concentración de partículas tiene lugar a temperatura ambiente ‘The concentration of particles takes place at room temperature’) and the object reading (e.g. El paciente tenía concentraciones de calcio en el hombro ‘The patient had calcium concentrations in the shoulder’), while nominalizations denoting states (e.g. La concentración de Sherlock Holmes duró cinco horas ‘Sherlock Holmes’ concentration lasted five hours') have remained, in general, understudied. In this paper we present their empirical properties and argue that, despite the empirical differences, state nominalizations and event nominalizations can receive a unified account. We show that in Spanish, Catalan, French, English and German the question of whether a deverbal nominalization denotes a state or an event, or is ambiguous between both readings depends on independent properties of the verbal base, allowing us to propose a unified account of both classes of nominalizations: the productive nominalizers in these languages can only denote the aspectual notions contained in the base's Aktionsart. We further argue that other languages, like Slovenian, have productive nominalizers that can operate over the external aspect of the predicate; in these cases, the nominalization can denote aspectual notions not contained in the base's Aktionsart.
2
Shuchun, Zhang, and Olga V. Kukushkina. "Nouns Formed with -ism Suffix as a Type of Nominalization in Modern Russian Language." Proceedings of Southern Federal University. Philology 2021, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/1995-0640-2021-2-113-124.
Full textAbstract:
In the article Russian nouns formed with -ism suffix, often containing borrowed roots from other Indo-European languages, are analyzed from the perspective of their syntactic function as nominalization. As nominalization regarded in linguistics as a type of pure syntactic transformation (or “syntactic derivation” according to the definition of Jerzy Kuryłowicz), the -ost’ suffix as a word-formational formant for syntactic derivation is well acknowledged and described. As a contrast, the studied group of nouns with -ism suffix is seldom associated with or regarded as deadjectival nominals in previous works and dictionaries. Our analysis based on explanatory and morpheme dictionaries has shown, the motivational correlation between nouns with -ism suffix and adjectives are described in multiple ways, often contrasted one another. For instance, -isms are described in the morpheme dictionary (Lopantin, Ulukhanov 2016) as deadjectival nouns, while in the Shvedova dictionary as non-derivatives, motivating adjectives of quality. In addition, the seme ‘quality’ is also described variously in the two dictionaries – directly or using synonyms with different formants. The analysis of word-usages of -isms was conducted with the corpus “Russian Newspapers of the End of the XX Century”, developed by the Laboratory for General and Computational Lexicology and Lexicography (Lomonosov Moscow State University). The analysis has shown that the diagnostic context automatically differentiate the usage of -isms as nominalizations are the dependent names of the “feature carrier”, which as a result of nominalization has been moved from the position of subject to a dependent attribute.
3
Shibasaki, Reijirou. "From Relativization to Nominalization and More: Evidence from the History of Okinawan." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 36, no. 1 (August 24, 2010): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v36i1.3925.
Full textAbstract:
In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:The nominalization-relativization syncretism is characteristic of languages in Tibeto-Burman areas (e.g. Noonan 1997; DeLancey 1999), whilst the diachronic process of the phenomenon is now pursued in East and Southeast Asian languages as well (e.g. Yap and Wrona forthcoming). These preceding works propose two different directions of change. One is that nominalization has developed into relativization (e.g. Yap and Matthews 2008) albeit with a lack of syntactic explicitness in some cases by the want of historical documents. The other concerns the inverse direction from relativization to nominalization, which is proposed by researchers such as LaPolla (2003 with Huang). Although they are opposing against each other, each survey result remains and raises an intriguing possibility, which is worth reconsideration through the analysis of other languages. However, it should be pointed out that preceding research cannot give a full account of the directions with a paucity of crucial historical evidence. Genetti (2008) embarks on a reconstructing research into the diachronic process in which relativization and nominalization each give rise to the other based on five Tibeto-Burman languages; she provides a good syntactic analysis, but any synchronic study seems to have its own limits. Building on these preceding works, this study addresses the historical development of the Okinawan nominalizer si, which used to be sï (see the next section), out of its earlier usage as the head of relative clause i.e. from relativization to nominalization.
4
Mikolic Juznic, Tamara. "A contrastive study of nominalization in the systemic functional framework." Languages in Contrast 12, no. 2 (October 29, 2012): 251–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.12.2.08mik.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a contrastive analysis of nominalization in Italian and Slovene within the framework of systemic functional grammar as described by M.A.K. Halliday and his colleagues. Nominalization is viewed as a type of grammatical metaphor whereby processes which are congruently realized by verbs are metaphorically realized by nouns expressing the same process as those verbs. The frequency of nominalization varies greatly among languages as well as among genres within a language, and may cause problems when two languages interact, e.g. in translation, especially when one of the two languages seems less prone to use this kind of grammatical metaphor than the other. In the present study, an analysis is carried out of a 2.5 million-token parallel corpus of Italian source texts and their Slovene translations, particularly with regard to the different translation equivalents that may appear in the translated texts, which is partly dependent of the type of process involved.
5
Faquire, Razaul Karim. "Nominalization and Its Role in the Formation of Noun Phrase in Japanese." Journal of Japanese Language Education and Linguistics 5, no. 2 (August 26, 2021): PRESS. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jjlel.v5i2.11407.
Full textAbstract:
This study sheds light on the yields of nominalization and their role in the formation of Noun Phrases in Japanese in an envisaged framework which considers nominalization to be a morphosyntactic process. Nominalization operates on the linguistic constituent to transform it into a derivative/transformed constituent. It brings forth derivative nouns by operating on the words other than nouns involving the process of derivation as well as action nominal constituent and nominal clause respectively involving the simultaneous process of desententialization and transformation, and the process of reduction of clausal properties from a finite clause. It fundamentally differs from the prevalent nominalizer approach, which derives bound-noun-headed nominals by juxtaposition of a dependent constituent with the nominalizers, e.g. no and koto. The derivative noun, bound-noun-headed constituent, action nominal constituent as well as nominal clause together form a grammatical category called nominals, which partake both as the head or the adnominal in the formation of NP involving certain grammatical rules.
6
Heyvaert, Liesbet. "Non-agentive Deverbal -er Nominalization in English and Dutch." Languages in Contrast 1, no. 2 (December 31, 1998): 211–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.1.2.07hey.
Full textAbstract:
This paper deals with non-agentive deverbal -er nominals in English and Dutch. It attempts to provide a grammatico-semantic explanation for the extension of agentive to non-agentive -er, and argues that the profile of the -er suffix, irrespective of whether it is agentive or non-agentive, is comparable to that of the subject-Junction of a clausal structure. More particularly, some clausal structures are discussed which show a high number of structural and semantic correspondences with non-agentive -er nominals. Whereas in English, the most important clausal agnate turns out to be the middle construction (e.g. this book reads easily), Dutch non-agentive -er nominals are shown to agnate with various structures, notably middle formation: especially the occurrence of intransitive or 'circumstantial' middles (e.g. asfalt fietst prettiger dan grind 'asphalt cycles better than gravel'), and the frequent use of 'let'-constructions in contexts where English would use a middle (e.g. dat boek laat zich makkelijk lezen [that book lets itself easily read], i.e. that book reads easily) offer evidence of the Dutch potential to construe non-agentive entities as subjects. Throughout the discussion, the clauses and -er nominals under scrutiny are illustrated by extracts from the COBUILD corpus and the Dutch INL corpus.
7
Angelis, Angela de. "Nominalizations With the Italian Support Verb Avere." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 13, no. 2 (January 1, 1989): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.13.2.02ang.
Full textAbstract:
Certain deverbal nouns can be analyzed as predicates. We present here a classification of those deverbal nouns which are in relation with the support verb avere: i.e. the sequence avere V-n (e.g. avere la speranza) corresponds to a simple verb (sperare). This work is part of a larger research effort concerning the construction of a Lexicon-Grammar of italian.
8
Iordăchioaia, Gianina, Susanne Schweitzer, Yaryna Svyryda, and María Camila Buitrago Cabrera. "Deverbal zero-nominalization and verb classes: Insights from a database." Zeitschrift für Wortbildung / Journal of Word Formation 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 120–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/zwjw.2020.02.07.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract We investigate deverbal zero-derived nominals in English (e.g., to walk > a walk) from the perspective of the lexical semantics of their base verbs and the interpretations they may receive (e.g., event, result state, product, agent). By acknowledging that, in the absence of an overt affix, the meaning of zero-nominals is highly dependent on that of the base, the ultimate goal of this study is to identify possible meaning regularities that these nominals may display in relation to the different semantic verb classes. We report on a newly created database of 1,000 zero-derived nominals, which have been collected for various semantic verb classes. We test previous generalizations made in the literature in comparison with suffix-based nominals and in relation to the ontological type of the base verb. While these generalizations may intuitively hold, we find intriguing challenges that bring zero-derived nominals closer to suffix-based nominals than previously claimed.
9
Wauquier, Marine, Nabil Hathout, and Cécile Fabre. "Semantic discrimination of technicality in French nominalizations." Zeitschrift für Wortbildung / Journal of Word Formation 4, no. 2 (January 1, 2020): 100–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/zwjw.2020.02.06.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract French suffixations in -age, -ion and -ment are considered roughly equivalent, yet some differences have been pointed out regarding the semantics of the resulting nominalizations. In this study, we confirm the existence of a semantic distinction between them on the basis of a large scale distributional analysis. We show that the distinction is partially determined by the degree of technicality of the denoted action: -age nominals tend to be more technical than -ion ones. We examine this hypothesis through the statistical modeling of technicality. To this end, we propose a linguistic definition of technicality, which we implement using empirical, quantitative criteria estimated in corpora and lexical resources. We show to what extent the differences with respect to these criteria adequately approximate technicality. Our study indicates that this definition of technicality, while amendable, provides new perspectives for the characterization of action nouns.
10
Grimm, Scott, and Louise McNally. "The -ing dynasty: Rebuilding the semantics of nominalizations." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 25 (October 29, 2015): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v25i0.3070.
Full textAbstract:
The nature of -ing nominals has been widely debated since the early days of generative grammar (e.g. Lees 1960, Chomsky 1970), and at least since Vendler (1967), -ing forms also have played a central role in debates over natural language ontology for abstract objects. This paper attempts to simplify the ontology and account for the uses and interpretations a wide range of -ing forms using only a distinction between event types and event tokens. A core insight will be that the different constructions reflect different paths by which the -ing form may come to have type or token reference. A central contrast present among these different paths involves whether the event types/tokens are individuated through nominal morphology or through temporal anchoring.
11
Sansò, Andrea. "Where do antipassive constructions come from?" Diachronica 34, no. 2 (July 14, 2017): 175–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.34.2.02san.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the main sources of antipassive constructions based on a 120-language sample. The sample includes the 48 languages with an antipassive in the WALS (Polinsky 2013) + 72 further languages in which an antipassive or a functionally equivalent construction is attested (e.g., deobjective constructions, unspecified object constructions, etc.). The diachronic sources of antipassives are identified drawing on two kinds of evidence: (i) etymological reconstructions based on the comparative method; (ii) synchronic resemblance between (some features of) the source construction and (some features of) the target construction. Four main diachronic sources are recurrent in the sample: (i) agent nominalizations; (ii) generic/indefinite items filling the object position (e.g., “person” for animate objects, “(some)thing” for inanimate objects); (iii) action nominalizations, sometimes accompanied by a light verb like “do”; and (iv) morphemes encoding reflexive/reciprocal actions. For each of these sources, a diachronic scenario is proposed through which the antipassive construction might have come into existence. The article also explores the hypothesis that at least some of the functional and structural differences among antipassive constructions across languages may be explained by taking into account the diachronic sources of these constructions.
12
Miller, D. Gary. "Where do conjugated infinitives come from?" Diachronica 20, no. 1 (August 14, 2003): 45–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.20.1.05mil.
Full textAbstract:
Although conjugated infinitives (CIs) occur in languages as diverse as Portuguese, Welsh, Hungarian, and West Greenlandic, the prototypical infinitive is nonfinite in the traditional sense: it has no subject person agreement. This paper argues that CIs are special in the sense that they cannot arise spontaneously in the course of language acquisition. Even in languages with obligatory agreement, CIs require salient triggers. Two common sources are identified: (1) purposive subjunctives; (2) pronominal elements (e.g., construed with a nominalization). These sources require one of two kinds of reanalysis, generally based on a surface ambiguity. In all of the cases documented here, more than one of these factors interacted to trigger a CI.
13
Lundquist, Björn. "Restrictions on reflexive and anti-causative readings in nominalizations and participles." Nordlyd 37 (October 27, 2011): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/12.2028.
Full textAbstract:
<p>This article discusses the absence of reflexive or self-caused readings in certain types of participles and de-verbal nominalizations, like <em>the hanging of the suicidal patient</em> and <em>The suicidal patient was hanged yesterday</em>. I argue that the “anti-reflexive” reading is not triggered by the presence of a subject PRO or <em>pro</em>, but rather by the absence of reflexive marking, i.e. overt marking that functions to recode lexically specified co-reference relations between the arguments of a predicate. I argue that the verb-phrase needs to be decomposed into at least two subparts/subevents and that each sub-event carries information about the participants involved in it (as in e.g. Pustejovsky 1995 and Ramchand 2008b). More specifically, arguments receive their thematic information from indices on verbal heads that introduces sub-events. Event-denoting nominalizations and participles in general inherit the event structure from the verb, i.e. the indices present in the verbal roots. I further argue that simple reflexives can be verbal heads, that are inserted as a last resort when there is a mismatch between the lexically stored information of a verb and the structure generated in the syntax. This article focuses on data from Swedish, but comparisons will be made with English.</p>
14
Kazemian, Bahram, and Somayyeh Hashemi. "A Radical Shift to a Profound and Rigorous Investigation in Political Discourse: An Integrated Approach." International Journal of English Linguistics 7, no. 3 (February 9, 2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v7n3p115.
Full textAbstract:
Drawing on overarching methodological frameworks of Hallidayan grammatical metaphor, Fairclough’s perspective on critical discourse analysis and rhetoric, this study attempts to posit a novel, integrated and practical approach to political, the media, advertisement and other discourses. To this end and based on the proposed approach, it aims to critically and eclectically exemplify and dissect three speeches delivered by Mr. Barack Obama, former president of the US, to first manifest the integrated approach practicality and adeptness through analysis; then by virtue of analysis to unveil how language is manipulated and distorted by orators in order to convey seamlessly intended messages and political creeds to the audience. Surveying recent annals of literature, to date no one has conducted an integrated study applying these disciplines in an individual paper and this study as a trial one can be useful for upcoming research. The analysis depicts practicality and efficiency of the integrated approach and displays that the speeches abound with nominalizations, modal verbs, parallelisms and antitheses. Furthermore, there are some three-part listing, the use of passivization, quotations and modality metaphors. Therefore, a tendency to utilize more nominalizations, parallelism and other devices by the speaker can be a fundamental reason for making his political language more powerful, impressive, persuasive and ambiguous as well.
15
Lapesa, Gabriella, Lea Kawaletz, Ingo Plag, Marios Andreou, Max Kisselew, and Sebastian Padó. "Disambiguation of newly derived nominalizations in context: A Distributional Semantics approach." Word Structure 11, no. 3 (November 2018): 277–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2018.0131.
Full textAbstract:
One of the central problems in the semantics of derived words is polysemy (see, for example, the recent contributions by Lieber 2016 and Plag et al. 2018 ). In this paper, we tackle the problem of disambiguating newly derived words in context by applying Distributional Semantics ( Firth 1957 ) to deverbal -ment nominalizations (e.g. bedragglement, emplacement).We collected a dataset containing contexts of low frequency deverbal -ment nominalizations (55 types, 406 tokens, see Appendix B) extracted from large corpora such as the Corpus of Contemporary American English. We chose low frequency derivatives because high frequency formations are often lexicalized and thus tend to not exhibit the kind of polysemous readings we are interested in. Furthermore, disambiguating low-frequency words presents an especially difficult task because there is little to no prior knowledge about these words from which their semantic properties can be extrapolated.The data was manually annotated according to eventive vs. non-eventive interpretations, allowing also an ambiguous label in those cases where the context did not disambiguate. Our question then was to what extent, and under which conditions, context-derived representations such as those of Distributional Semantics can be successfully employed in the disambiguation of low-frequency derivatives.Our results show that, first, our models are able to distinguish between eventive and non-eventive readings with some success. Second, very small context windows are sufficient to find the intended interpretation in the majority of cases. Third, ambiguous instances tend to be classified as events. Fourth, the performance of the classifier differed for different subcategories of nouns, with non-eventive derivatives being harder to classify correctly. We present indirect evidence that this is due to the semantic similarity of abstract non-eventive nouns to eventive nouns. Overall, this paper demonstrates that distributional semantic models can be fruitfully employed for the disambiguation of low frequency words in spite of the scarcity of available contextual information.1
16
Veselovská, Ludmila. "Morphological taxonomy in the present-day generative framework: A case study of English and Czech nominalization." Topics in Linguistics 19, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/topling-2018-0007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper addresses the classification of morphemes in a generative framework. Referring to existing theoretical models of generative morphosyntax (e.g. Distributed Morphology), it demonstrates that a traditional long-standing taxonomic distinction reflects formal, i.e. structural (and derivational) distinctions. Using the well-known examples of the English multi-functional nominalizer -ing and some parallel data in Czech, the study reinterprets morphological taxonomy in terms of three levels, namely the (i) lexical, (ii) syntactic and (iii) post-syntactic insertion of grammatical formatives. It shows that the level of insertion in a syntactic derivation results in predictable (and attested) diagnostics for the multi-morpheme exponents.
17
Dal Maso, Serena, and Hélène Giraudo. "Morphological processing in L2 Italian." Morphology and its interfaces 37, no. 2 (December 31, 2014): 322–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.37.2.09mas.
Full textAbstract:
The present paper explores the processing of morphologically complex words in L2 Italian by means of as series of masked priming experiments associated with a LDT. We manipulated deadjectival nominalizations in -ità (e.g. velocità < veloce) and in -ezza (e.g. bellezza < bello), that differ in terms of numerosity, productivity (Rainer, 2004) and on surface frequency. Morphological priming effects were evaluated relative to both orthographic and identity conditions and the data revealed significant morphological priming effects emerging for words ending with the most productive suffix (-ità) and having a high surface frequency in Italian. Our data on derivation suggest that similarly to native speakers, L2 learners are sensitive to morphological information, but they integrate it progressively through L2 learning process.
18
RAVID, DORIT, and AVRAHAM AVIDOR. "Acquisition of derived nominals in Hebrew: developmental and linguistic principles." Journal of Child Language 25, no. 2 (June 1998): 229–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000998003419.
Full textAbstract:
Derived nominals are abstract nouns derived from verbs and adjectives by nominalization. This study traces the route taken by Hebrew-speaking children in the acquisition of Hebrew derived nominals (HDNs) of two types: action nominals which conform in structure to the small set of obligatory verb patterns (binyanim) (e.g. ktiva ‘writing’) and deverbal nouns, which belong to separate nominal patterns (e.g. maga ‘touch’). One hundred native speakers of Hebrew (children aged 5, 8, 11 and 15, and adults) were tested on comprehension and production of HDNs. The test items were grouped by binyan patterns and by morphological regularity. Results showed that acquisition of HDNs starts at about age 8 and is not complete by age 15, and that task type, binyan pattern and morphological regularity all affect ease of acquisition. We consider the strategies employed in the course of acquisition of HDNs and offer an explanation for this late acquisition which requires a vast amount of prior integrated knowledge.
19
Ouhalla, Jamal. "Semitic Relatives." Linguistic Inquiry 35, no. 2 (April 2004): 288–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002438904323019084.
Full textAbstract:
This article evaluates a promotion-based analysis for Semitic relatives along the lines of Kayne 1994 and compares it with an alternative analysis that does not make use of promotion but shares with Kayne's analysis an antisymmetric view of phrase structure. The alternative analysis is based on establishing a parametric distinction relating to categorial identity of the relative clause such that it is a CP in some languages and a DP in others. The first type is found in languages where the relative complementizer is the same as the normal complementizer of sentential complementation (e.g., Hebrew). The second type is found in languages where the relative complementizer is a determiner (e.g., Amharic and Arabic). This difference is shown to have crucial implications for the structure and derivation of N-initial and N-final relatives, as well as for some relevant typological generalizations, including a generalization relating to the phenomenon of (relative) clause nominalization.
20
Magnusson, Ulrika. "Grammatical metaphor in Swedish monolingual and multilingual upper secondary school students’ writing." Functions of Language 20, no. 2 (September 6, 2013): 250–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.20.2.05mag.
Full textAbstract:
This partly longitudinal study applies the theoretical framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics to second language writing to investigate the use of grammatical metaphor (GM; non-congruent realizations of meaning, e.g. nominalizations) in 365 texts written by Swedish mono- and multilingual students in grades 9 and 11. According to the analysis, older students and monolingual students make greater use of GM than younger students and multilingual students. Multilingual students with early and late ages of onset use GM more than multilingual students with onset ages between these two extremes. A relation was found between the occurrence of GM and the use of the potential functions of GM, e.g. expansion of the nominal phrase, which was used more frequently in texts with a higher GM density, contributing to the construction of specialized, educational knowledge. The occurrence of GM was compared to the occurrence of L2 deviations in a subcorpus. These results are interpreted in relation to the Interdependence Hypothesis formulated by Cummins (1979).
21
Ranchhod, Elisabete. "Groupes nominaux négatifs issus de la réduction de verbes supports." Verbes supports 27, no. 2 (June 10, 2005): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.27.2.10ran.
Full textAbstract:
On the basis of general syntactic operations, within Z. S. Harris framework, we establish, for Portuguese, a syntactic relation between negative NPs, headed by a predicative noun (e.g. A não ratificação desse tratado por parte de alguns países; The non-ratification of that treaty by some countries), and negative support verb sentences (Não houve ratificação desse tratado por parte de alguns países; There was no ratification of that treaty by some countries). Support verb sentences, in turn, correspond to the nominalization of negative verbal (and adjectival) sentences (Alguns países não ratificaram esse tratado; Some countries did not ratify that treaty). Such an approach also clarifies the linguistic status of the element não (non) occurring in negative noun phrases, with predicative nouns, a linguistic fact mentioned sporadically by grammarians, and treated by lexicographers in a totally inconsistent way. Theoretical data were verified experimentally for Portuguese, English and French, on real text corpora, and the results confirm the consistency of the analysis.
22
Määttä, Simo K. "Translating child protection assessments for ELF users: Accommodation, accessibility, and accuracy." Journal of English as a Lingua Franca 9, no. 2 (September 25, 2020): 287–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jelf-2020-2042.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper analyzes the translation of five child protection assessments and decisions from Finnish into English. Translators of such text have to make difficult decisions in relation to the linguistic resources of the end users, namely the child’s parents or custodians, because it is impossible for the translator to assess their linguistic resources. Therefore, it is difficult to strike a balance between an accurate translation and a pragmatically felicitous translation. Besides, these texts are typically translated by community interpreters who have no formal training in translation. A total of 18 examples of translation problems related to terminology, nominalization, passive constructions, and speech representation were analyzed by mobilizing different linguistic theories related to each category. The results show that the target texts present several accommodation strategies aimed at rendering the translations more accessible. Thus, terms are explained or glossed, and terms, grammatical constructions, and complex forms of reported speech are simplified. More awareness-raising among different stakeholders is needed in order to produce translations that really empower migrant communities.
23
Milić, Goran, and Dubravka Vidaković Erdeljić. "Can we profit from a loss and still expect substantial gains? Grammatical metaphors as discourse builders and translational choices in English and Croatian discourse of economics." ExELL 7, no. 1 (October 1, 2019): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/exell-2020-0004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The present paper starts from proposed points of synergy between Halliday’s (1998) grammatical metaphors and conceptual metaphors as proposed in Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Ritchie & Zhu, 2015) and concentrates on the nature and function of lexical choices in expert texts on economics in English and their translations in Croatian. The paper identifies and inspects the proposed instantiation types of grammatical metaphor (e.g. nominalizations and transformations to a verb or adjective as instances of transcategorization, taking place not only between lexical items, but also between syntactic categories and through series of transformations. Translational choices and strategies employed in their Croatian translations are then examined to determine the degree of overlap in the adoption and use of grammatical metaphor as both a language possibility and a translation strategy. The choice of translations of economics discourse from English into Croatian aims to test the hypothesis that translations, especially literal ones and those of novel metaphors may introduce new linguistic metaphors in the target language (Samaniego Fernández et al., 2005).
24
Yusnitasari, Rizqi, and Tono Suwartono. "TOP TEN MOST PROBLEMATIC GRAMMATICAL ITEMS FOR INDONESIAN TERTIARY EFL LEARNER WRITERS." Premise: Journal of English Education 9, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24127/pj.v9i1.2476.
Full textAbstract:
Errors are almost inseparable from learning process, including learning new languages. Though, it is not always considered as negative, instead, it is a part of learning process. This study was conducted to assess students’ mastery of grammar in writing, to find what grammatical errors they make, to be an evaluation to overcome the problem in the future. In this study, samples were taken from EFL students of English Education Department of Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto. The grammatical errors were identified under the theory of Politzer-Ramirez which classify errors into two types: morphological and syntactic error. In the end of the study, ten types of grammatical errors were identified as the most common grammatical errors made by the students. Three of them belong to morphological error, while the remaining fall into syntactic error. Those ten errors are: The use of prepositions (75 %), redundancy (75 %), simple past tense incorrect (62.5 %), determiners (58.3 %), number confusion (45.8 %), omission of verb (45.8 %), verb construction (41.67 %), derivatives/wrong part of speech (41.67 %), nominalization (33.3 %), and errors in the use of pronoun (29.2 %). Keywords: Problematic, Grammatical Items, Tertiary, EFL, Learner Writers
25
Miller, D. Gary. "The origin of the Welsh conjugated infinitive." Diachronica 21, no. 2 (December 22, 2004): 329–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.21.2.04mil.
Full textAbstract:
Several issues of theoretical, typological, and historical interest are investigated. Conjugated infinitives (those with subject person agreement) are relatively rare but sufficiently well documented as to prompt some linguists to question the efficacy of the wordnonfinite. Moreover, the conjugated infinitives that have received attention in the literature share significant properties crosslinguistically, which cannot be accidental. Historically, however, they require salient triggering data in contrast to prototypical infinitives (those without person agreement), which spontaneously evolve from nominalizations with a goal role. The Welsh case is particularly interesting because the infinitive remains characterized byi“to” + verbal noun, and it is less than obvious that Welsh has a conjugated infinitive (CI). Reanalysis of inflected prepositions (e.g., Middle Welshi-daw“to him”) to infinitives with agreement (moderni-ddo“to-3SGM” ) yielded CIs. This reanalysis was forced by a semantic change of some control to causative verbs. The spread of the new CI to other predicates was enabled by a different kind of reanalysis, this one purely syntactic, raising yet another issue of general interest.
26
Stiebels, Barbara. "Appendix: questionnaire for complement control and control predicates." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 47 (January 1, 2007): 60–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.47.2007.345.
Full textAbstract:
This questionnaire focuses on control structures that are instantiated by predicates that take a state of affairs (SOA) argument. Noonan (1985) has called these predicates 'complement-taking predicates'; I will use the notion of SOAAtaking predicates (SOAA = state of affairs argument).
Prototypically, complement control is instantiated by certain classes of verbs; however, adjectives (be eager to) and nouns (e.g. nominalizations such as promise) may function as control predicates as well. 'Control' refers to the pattern of argument identification between an argument of the SOAA-taking predicate and an argument of the SOAA-head. In the literature the notion of 'equi deletion' or 'equi-NP deletion' has been used (following Rosenbaum 1967), which refers to structures in which an overt argument of the matrix predicate is identified with a covert argument of the embedded predicate. This questionnaire aims at a cross-linguistic application of the notion of control and thus uses a semantic definition of complement control. It extends the notion of control to other patterns of referential dependency between arguments of a SOAA-taking predicate and of the embedded predicate.
27
Siregar, Roswani. "Teaching Specific Purpose Translation: Utilization of Bilingual Contract Document as Parallel Corpus." English Language Teaching 10, no. 7 (June 11, 2017): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n7p175.
Full textAbstract:
This study introduced the specific purpose translation teaching to Indonesian undergraduate students at Universitas Al-Azhar Medan, Indonesia. The courses were attended by the Business and Economics students who are new to translation. As parallel corpus, bilingual contract documents in Indonesian and English were chosen to help the students to grasp the conventions and norms in both languages. Dealing with difficulties in teaching specific purpose translation, the procedures and sequence analysis were conducted. The procedures consist of preliminary test, introduction to translation strategy, discussion by compare two translation text, and final test. The sequence analysis were conducted on discussion. This analysis based on semantic, lexical and syntactical aspect. The analysis shows that contract terms were characterized by nominalization, passive voice, sentence length and complexity, impersonality, binominal and multinominal expressions, unusual word order, one syllable and phrase equivalence. The students also recognizes the archaicsm, repetition and redundancy, synonymy and redundancy and absorption of foreign words. Based on the commentaries of the students, the use of parallel corpus as a tool in translation exercise has improving their ability in translating and drafting bilingual contract documents. In the end of course, 24 students completing the course and 19 (80%) of them are ready to attend the advance course.
28
Gijn, Rik van, Ana Vilacy Galucio, and Antonia Fernanda Nogueira. "Subordination strategies in Tupian languages." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 10, no. 2 (August 2015): 297–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-81222015000200006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract: Assessing the internal coherence and constituency of language families often centers either around comparing certain form-meaning correspondences, or around identifying the presence or absence of linguistic features across the members of the family. The former approach is generally restricted to the lexicon. The latter approach focuses mostly on structural characteristics of language. In this paper we present an alternative approach to comparing grammatical systems between languages within a language family, which aims at bringing these two approaches and their results closer to each other. We look at subordination strategies in a sample of Tupian languages, taking constructions as the basic unit of comparison, treating them as form-meaning correspondences. The Tupian family offers an especially intriguing case for studying subordination strategies in the South American context, given its enormous geographical spread and the variety of contact situations involving its member languages. Major patterns of subordination strategies can be discerned across the family, e.g. strategies involving nominalization, verbal incorporation and other subtypes of verbal serialization, but there is also a great degree of variability between the different languages. By mapping the structural diversity onto the known genealogy and geographic distribution, we hope to shed more light on the history of the Tupian family and on the diffusability of subordination strategies.
29
Konoshenko, Maria, and Dasha Shavarina. "A microtypological survey of noun classes in Kwa." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 40, no. 1 (July 26, 2019): 75–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2019-0004.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis paper provides an overview of noun class systems in a sample of 20 Kwa languages. It focuses on the synchronic productivity of noun classification in Kwa as opposed to the full-fledged class system assumed for Proto-Kwa and for the general “Niger-Congo prototype” (Good, Jeff. 2012. How to become a “Kwa” noun.”Morphology22(2). 293–335; Creissels, Denis. Forthcoming. Noun class systems in Atlantic languages. To appear. In Friederike Lüpke (ed.),The Oxford guide to the Atlantic languages of West Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press). The productivity of class morphology on nouns is studied by exploring class marker alternations as exponents of other grammatical phenomena: the formation of the plural, diminutive derivation and nominalization. We also discuss class indexation on nominal modifiers (adjectives, numerals, demonstratives and indefinite markers) as well as subject and object pronominals. We demonstrate that Kwa languages tend to follow the typological tendencies pertaining to class marking on nouns and class indexation, e.g. the Agreement hierarchy (Corbett, Greville G. 1979. The agreement hierarchy.Journal of Linguistics15. 203–224), as established for world languages in general and Niger-Congo family in particular (Good, Jeff. 2012. How to become a “Kwa” noun.”Morphology22(2). 293–335). However, some intriguing discrepancies, e.g. different patterning of indexation on adjectives vs. on numerals in Kwa as opposed to some other Niger-Congo branches, were also attested. In diachronic perspective, our findings suggest that noun class systems are flexible as they show high intragenetic variation and are easily degradable, but they almost never disappear completely.
30
Mazlum, Farhad, and Sanaz Afshin. "Evaluative Language in Political Speeches: A Case Study of Iranian and American Presidents’ Speeches." International Journal of Linguistics 8, no. 4 (August 23, 2016): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v8i4.9398.
Full textAbstract:
<p>The study of evaluative language of political speeches is a fresh area of investigation in the field of stylistics. This study aimed at exploring and investigating evaluative instances in the speeches by Hassan Rouhani—Iran’s president— and Barak Obama at UN assembly in 2014. To this end, Martin and White’s Appraisal system of meaning was adopted to examine the mechanisms through which Obama and Rouhani express their feelings towards different people and issues. Additionally, in this study it was intended to represent how each politician ‘positions’ himself vis-à-vis different inter/national phenomena. The findings suggested that both presidents preferred to apply more adjectives and nominalizations than verbs and adverbs to express their emotion. Also the results of the study suggested that Rouhani opted for greater use of authorial and non-authorial affect in his speech than Obama. In both speeches, the flexible nature of the different emotional markers let the speakers frame them to the current social, economic, political situation of the world. One applied them to mention the threats and horrors all around the globe and the other employed them to make confidence and sympathize with other nations. </p>
31
Parviz, Muhammed, Alireza Jalilifar, and Alexanne Don. "Phrasal Discourse Style in Cross-Disciplinary Writing: A Comparison of Phrasal Complexity Features in the Results Sections of Research Articles." Círculo de Lingüística Aplicada a la Comunicación 83 (July 9, 2020): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/clac.70573.
Full textAbstract:
The present study aimed at exploring how research article writers from two academic disciplines exploit phrasal complexity features (PCFs) to verbalize the results sections of research articles with the eventual aim of assisting advanced EFL writers with their composition strategies. To this end, following a manual search, 200 empirical research articles in the fields of Applied Linguistics and Physics were comparatively examined. Due to the low rate of success of tagging programs in identifying the occurrences of PCFs, the datasets were also manually analyzed. The results revealed that the research article writers drew upon three high-frequency phrasal complexity features, namely, pre-modifying adjectives, post-modifying prepositional phrases, and nominalizations. The study also revealed that the results sections of research articles included different amounts of exceedingly complex patterns of pre-modification, a hybrid of novel appositive structures, and great reliance on hyphenated adjectives. Overall, we believe that these findings can be used to heighten the awareness of academic writers and instructors regarding the linguistic characteristics of academic writing and of the variations of how such phrasal features of compression are constructed in different academic subjects.
32
Sroka, Kazimierz A. "Kontakt językowy w tłumaczeniu. Początkowy etap rozwoju przedimka określonego w świetle gockiego przekładu Biblii." Biuletyn Polskiego Towarzystwa Językoznawczego LXXV, no. 75 (December 31, 2019): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6618.
Full textAbstract:
Language contact in translation: The initial stage in the development of the definite article in the light of the Gothic text of the Bible. Summary: Definiteness (weak determination) is a characteristic of grammatical constructions whose base is a name, and whose formative is an article (a weak determiner). In definiteness, we distinguish between exponents (which are formatives of the mentioned grammatical constructions), e.g. the, a(n), functives (or determinants), and formal values (viz. definite, indefinite, and bare). Functives are the factors which, at the stage of encoding, determine the occurrence of particular exponents. They are either formal (e.g. the target role of the article as an exponent of nominalization) or logico-semantic. The latter make a system whose components are the actual scope values of a countable common name, viz. α1 = unique, α2 = identifying, β = free, γ1 = universal, γ2 = existential, and δ = species-oriented. They correspond to the subsets of the scope of the name which, at the stage of encoding, are those to be conveyed in the message, and, at the stage of decoding, are recognized as actually conveyed. The types of functives mentioned are applied to the analysis of the use of the simple demonstrative sa (m.), sō (f.), þata (n.) ‘this, that’ in the Gothic translation of the Bible. It is shown that this demonstrative can be qualified as an article or article-like determiner when it appears as (a) an exponent of co-reference, i.e. when the actual scope value of the name it precedes is α2 (identifying), e.g. hundafaþs … sa hundafaþs ‘a centurion … the centurion’ (b) an exponent of nominalization, e.g. sa saiands ‘the (one) sowing’, ‘the sower’, and as (c) an element connecting the components of an appositive construction, e.g. sunus meins sa liuba ‘my son the beloved (one)’. Such types of the use of the demonstrative are treated as the initial stage in the development of the definite article in Gothic. It is probable that in a similar way, and especially as an exponent of co-reference, this article started to develop also in other languages. The influence of the Greek original upon the use of the Gothic simple demonstrative as a counterpart of the definite article ὁ, ἡ, τό is indubitable but it is not so strong as to violate the morpho-semantic rules of Gothic. Thus, in the case of the actual scope value α1 (unique) and γ1 (universal), a simple name in Gothic is preceded by the zero determiner although (but not always) in the Greek original it is accompanied by the definite article, e.g. in the case of α1: sauil ὁ ἥλιοϛ ‘the sun’, and in the case of γ1: skalks ὁ δοῦλος ‘the servant’. S t r e s z c z e n i e: Określoność słaba (ang. definiteness) przysługuje konstrukcji gramatycznej, której podstawą (bazą) jest nazwa, a formatywem ‒ określnik słaby, czyli adimek (ang. article), którego odmianą jest przedimek. Na określoność słabą składają się wykładniki (które są formatywami we wspomnianych konstrukcjach gramatycznych), np. ang. the, a(n), funktywy (czyli determinanty) i wartości formalne (mianowicie: określona, nieokreślona i zero-określnikowa). Funktywy to czynniki, które w procesie kodowania determinują występowanie poszczególnych wykładników. Dzielą się one na formalne (np. docelowa rola przedimka jako wykładnika nominalizacji) i logiczno-semantyczne. Te ostatnie stanowią system, na który składają się aktualne wartości zakresowe pospolitej nazwy policzalnej, a mianowicie: α1 = unikatowa, α2 = identyfikująca, β = wolna, γ1 = uniwersalna, γ2 = egzystencjalna i δ = rodzajowa/gatunkowa. Odpowiadają one podzbiorom zakresu nazwy, które na etapie kodowania występują jako docelowe, a na etapie dekodowania są rozpoznawane jako faktycznie obecne. Wymienione rodzaje funktywów są wykorzystane do analizy użycia demonstrativum prostego sa, sō, þata ‘ten, ta, to’, ‘tamten, tamata, tamto’ w gockim przekładzie Biblii. Ukazano, że to demonstrativum ma tu charakter przedimkowy lub przedimkopodobny, gdy występuje jako (a) wykładnik współodniesienia (koreferncji), czyli gdy aktualną wartością zakresową nazwy jest α2 (identyfikująca), np. hundafaþs … sa hundafaþs ‘setnik … (ten) setnik’ (b) wykładnik nominalizacji, np. sa saiands ‘[ten] siejący’, ‘siewca’, oraz (c) element łączący składniki konstrukcji apozycyjnej, np. sunus meins sa liuba ‘syn mój [ten] umiłowany’. Tego rodzaju użycia demonstrativum traktowane są jako początkowy etap rozwoju przedimka określonego w gockim. Jest prawdopodobne, że w podobny sposób, a szczególnie jako wykładnik współodniesienia, przedimek ten zaczął się rozwijać także w innych językach. Wpływ oryginału greckiego na użycie demonstrativum jako odpowiednika przedimka określonego ὁ, ἡ, τό jest niewątpliwy, lecz nie tak silny, aby gwałcić reguły morfosemantyczne języka gockiego, o czym świadczy fakt, że w przypadku aktualnej wartości zakresowej α1 (unikatowej) i γ1 (uniwersalnej) nazwę prostą poprzedza w gockim określnik zerowy, mimo że (choć nie zawsze) w greckim oryginale występuje przedimek określony, np. w przypadku α1: sauil ὁ ἥλιοϛ ‘słońce’, a w przypadku γ1: skalks ὁ δοῦλος ‘sługa’.
33
Lapaire, Jean-Remi. "From ‘ontological metaphor’ to semiotic make-believe: giving shape and substance to fictive objects of conception with the ‘globe gesture’." Signo 41, no. 70 (March 14, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17058/signo.v41i70.6413.
Full textAbstract:
Speakers are moving cognizers who engage in bodily acts of conceptualization. The “globe gesture” is among the most spectacular forms of “manual thinking” (Streeck 2009) used in formal talk. A characterization of the kinesic action typical of the “globe gesture” is first provided that shows how “the image of a bounded, supportable object” is created (McNeill 1992) and set up in gesture space. As conceptual objects are created and masses of semantic substance fashioned, visible shape is given to shapeless mental representations. A powerful semiotic trick is performed with a simple cognitive artifact. Interestingly, a willing suspension of disbelief is required of speakers and listeners who must temporarily give up their rational conceptions of visibility, materiality and palpability to watch the symbolic manipulation of invisible objects. The basic expressive properties of the “globe gesture” are next characterized: outlining and isolating objects of conception; neutralizing semantic specification; establishing a joint focus of attention and imagination; shaping, displaying and unifying content; creating a sense of reality and existence through physical presence. Iconic modifications of the standard metaphoric hand configuration, virtuosic elaborations and creative blends are finally examined before reporting the results of an experimental study of the globe gesture’s heuristic properties in a controlled environment. 14 students attending a multimodal “kineflective” seminar used the hand configuration to engage in “choreographic thinking” (Forsythe 2009) and develop a haptic understanding of derivation, nominalization, substantivation, conceptual reification. The globe gesture acted as a facilitator so long as a high degree of generality was maintained but was promptly discarded when words with a strong emotional appeal were introduced (e.g. sadness, madness). Emblems and iconic gestures were spontaneously performed instead.
34
Burak, Michail S. "SOME ASPECTS OF LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF H. KORTASAR’S SHORT STORY «СONTINUITY OF PARKS»." Verhnevolzhski Philological Bulletin 22, no. 3 (2020): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20323/2499-9679-2020-3-22-133-139.
Full textAbstract:
This research is devoted to H.Kortasar’s short story «Сontinuity of parks». The relevance of the topic is connected with the possibility to make a multidimensional analysis. The aim of the research is to demonstrate great importance of linguistic analysis of a short story for the revealing of its meaning. In the Introduction a short description of the structure of the story is given. There are two plans, two realities which exist parallel to each other and at the end they meet. The main character of the story «Сontinuity of parks» is the victim of the character of the novel read by him. The second part of the article is devoted to the short view of the literature criticism of this piece of work. The main attention is given to the phenomenon of metallepsis, the notion of chronotope, the category of myth and connection of this piece of work with H. L. Borhes’s works. The author of the article also pays attention to H. Kortasar’s aesthetic concept connected with the phenomenon of «reader-female» and the author’s view on a literature piece of work from the viewpoint of «play». The relevance of «interaction between key moments of the text» and a reader’s experience. The third part of the article gives a linguistic analysis of some elements of the story including nominalization and ontological metaphor. The author gives a detailed analysis of lexeme and phrase dibujo (drawing, outline), el dibujo de los personajes (outline, character sketch), ilusióni (illusion), intrusion (intrusion), continuidad (continuity). As a result the author makes following conclusions. As in many other stories H. Kortasar in «Continuity of parks» involves the reader in the narration, gives a riddle to him which can’t be solved from the viewpoint of formal logics. The intrigue of the narration, its «its inner structure» is implemented because of great opportunities of Spanish. The interpretation of an open end in some literature works of postmodern period is the main task of the reader who becomes а «co-author» of the text.
35
Ivshin, Leonid Michaylovich. "A THEMATIC CLASSIFICATION OF RELIGIOUS-CHRISTIAN VOCABULARY OF RUSSIAN-UDMURT DICTIONARIES BY G. Ye. VERESHCHAGIN." Yearbook of Finno-Ugric Studies 15, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2224-9443-2021-15-2-214-221.
Full textAbstract:
The article examines the vocabulary of religious-Christian content in the handwritten Russian-Udmurt dictionaries by the first Udmurt writer and outstanding scientist, educator and missionary, clergyman G. Ye. Vereshchagin. There is no exact information about the time when the manuscripts were written. One of them was presumably created at the end of the 19 - beginning of the 20 centuries, before the adoption of the Russian spelling reform in 1918, since the letter ъ is inconsistently encountered at the very beginning of the dictionary in lexemes ending in a hard consonant. Another manuscript can be dated to the period after the adoption of the Russian spelling reform, when the Cyrillic letters ѣ, ө and ъ were excluded from the Russian alphabet. The author of the manuscripts selected appropriate primordial Udmurt equivalents to words of religious content or used borrowings (mainly from the Russian language), and was guided by the following considerations: 1) he used Udmurt words that arose in the depths of paganism, which by the time the manuscripts were compiled had acquired a completely Christian meaning (Kyldysin tӧre 'Archangel'); 2) adapted concepts that had a slightly different, everyday meaning (viz sonany, gavyldyns, aldans ‘to tempt’); 3) terms without direct correspondences in the Udmurt language are often translated by a combination of words or interpretation (umoytem Inmar vyle veras ‘blasphemer’); 4) borrowed from Russian or other languages (Archirey, Arquerey ‘Bishop’). The study of the lexical and semantic features of written attestations in the context of developing the national corpus of the Udmurt language and filling it with not only absolutely new, but also to some extent forgotten and revisited elements is a very important linguistic activity. The linguistic actualization of religious vocabulary contributes to the recovery of speech assets and registers in a significant number of dictionary nominalizations by designating concepts and phenomena of the spiritual and religious sphere of the Udmurt language.
36
Varvara, Rossella, Gabriella Lapesa, and Sebastian Padó. "Grounding semantic transparency in context." Morphology, July 8, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11525-021-09382-w.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe present the results of a large-scale corpus-based comparison of two German event nominalization patterns: deverbal nouns in -ung (e.g., die Evaluierung, ‘the evaluation’) and nominal infinitives (e.g., das Evaluieren, ‘the evaluating’). Among the many available event nominalization patterns for German, we selected these two because they are both highly productive and challenging from the semantic point of view. Both patterns are known to keep a tight relation with the event denoted by the base verb, but with different nuances. Our study targets a better understanding of the differences in their semantic import.The key notion of our comparison is that of semantic transparency, and we propose a usage-based characterization of the relationship between derived nominals and their bases. Using methods from distributional semantics, we bring to bear two concrete measures of transparency which highlight different nuances: the first one, cosine, detects nominalizations which are semantically similar to their bases; the second one, distributional inclusion, detects nominalizations which are used in a subset of the contexts of the base verb. We find that only the inclusion measure helps in characterizing the difference between the two types of nominalizations, in relation with the traditionally considered variable of relative frequency (Hay, 2001). Finally, the distributional analysis allows us to frame our comparison in the broader coordinates of the inflection vs. derivation cline.
37
Arche, María J., Antonio Fábregas, and Rafael Marín. "On event-denoting deadjectival nominalizations." Linguistic Review, April 14, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2021-2063.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This paper offers a principled account for the nominalizations of dispositional evaluative adjectives. On the descriptive side, the paper shows that (i) in addition to the largely studied deverbal nominalizations, certain deadjectival nominalizations can also refer to events; (ii) the types of adjectives that enable eventive denotation are of a specific sort, namely, those deriving from Dispositional Evaluative Adjectives (e.g., imprudent). At the theoretical level, this paper argues that (i) dispositional deadjectival nominalizations introduce an event description not in a head but in a specifier position, as their subject of predication; (ii) in order for a word to have functional structure of the sort associated to verbs, an event description is not enough: functional projections must form a head-sequence with the event-descriptive heads; without this configuration, the merge of a fully-fledged verbal functional structure is blocked, which explains the limitations regarding temporal modification; (iii) The event present in the dispositional deadjectival nominalizations is a partial event description consisting of a head referring to the Process subevent.
38
Zhang, Yuhan. "Partial Dependency of Vowel Reduction on Stress Shift: Evidence from English -ion Nominalization." Proceedings of the Annual Meetings on Phonology 9 (May 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/amp.v9i0.4938.
Full textAbstract:
While classic theories utilize the comparison between cómp[ɛ]nsate going to comp[ə]nsátion and cond[ɛ́]nse going to cond[ɛ]nsátion to argue that stressed vowels are immune to reduction in multiple affixations (e.g., SPE), this paper presents a corpus-based case study that looks into this quantitative interaction between vowel reduction and stress shift during English -ion nominalization and offers discoveries that go against the classic claim. After analyzing 1,047 verb-noun target pairs extracted from the CELEX2 dictionary corpus, this study claims that vowel reduction only partially depends on its stress-bearing feature and that the suffix type, the stress shift pattern, vowel tenseness, and crucially some lexically specific constraints also predict vowel reduction. This finding is further supported by an OT analysis and a statistical model. As a quantitative study that relies on an exhaustive list of English samples to derive theoretical analysis, this research not only provides new insights into this long-lasting debate but also aims to highlight the significance of incorporating large data samples for a complete understanding of phonological phenomena.