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1

Ingrin, Jannick, and Henrik Skogby. "Hydrogen in nominally anhydrous upper-mantle minerals: concentration levels and implications." European Journal of Mineralogy 12, no. 3 (2000): 543–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/12/3/0543.

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2

Rossman, G. R. "Analytical Methods for Measuring Water in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 62, no. 1 (2006): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.62.1.

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3

Wright, K. "Atomistic Models of OH Defects in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 62, no. 1 (2006): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.62.4.

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4

Kohn, S. C. "Structural Studies of OH in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals Using NMR." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 62, no. 1 (2006): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.62.3.

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5

Hirschmann, Marc M., Travis Tenner, Cyril Aubaud, and A. C. Withers. "Dehydration melting of nominally anhydrous mantle: The primacy of partitioning." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 176, no. 1-2 (2009): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pepi.2009.04.001.

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6

Bell, David R., and Phillip D. Ihinger. "The isotopic composition of hydrogen in nominally anhydrous mantle minerals." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 64, no. 12 (2000): 2109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(99)00440-8.

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7

BELL, D. R., and G. R. ROSSMAN. "Water in Earth's Mantle: The Role of Nominally Anhydrous Minerals." Science 255, no. 5050 (1992): 1391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.255.5050.1391.

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8

Weis, Franz A., Peter Lazor, and Henrik Skogby. "Hydrogen analysis in nominally anhydrous minerals by transmission Raman spectroscopy." Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 45, no. 7 (2018): 597–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00269-018-0945-2.

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9

Dai, Lidong, Haiying Hu, Jianjun Jiang, et al. "An Overview of the Experimental Studies on the Electrical Conductivity of Major Minerals in the Upper Mantle and Transition Zone." Materials 13, no. 2 (2020): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13020408.

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In this paper, we present the recent progress in the experimental studies of the electrical conductivity of dominant nominally anhydrous minerals in the upper mantle and mantle transition zone of Earth, namely, olivine, pyroxene, garnet, wadsleyite and ringwoodite. The main influence factors, such as temperature, pressure, water content, oxygen fugacity, and anisotropy are discussed in detail. The dominant conduction mechanisms of Fe-bearing silicate minerals involve the iron-related small polaron with a relatively large activation enthalpy and the hydrogen-related defect with lower activation
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10

Kohn, S. C. "The Partitioning of Water Between Nominally Anhydrous Minerals and Silicate Melts." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 62, no. 1 (2006): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.62.10.

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11

Johnson, E. A. "Water in Nominally Anhydrous Crustal Minerals: Speciation, Concentration, and Geologic Significance." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 62, no. 1 (2006): 117–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.62.6.

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12

Wegdén, M., P. Kristiansson, H. Skogby, et al. "Hydrogen depth profiling by p–p scattering in nominally anhydrous minerals." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 231, no. 1-4 (2005): 524–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2005.01.111.

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13

Demouchy, Sylvie, Svyatoslav Shcheka, Carole M. M. Denis, and Catherine Thoraval. "Subsolidus hydrogen partitioning between nominally anhydrous minerals in garnet-bearing peridotite." American Mineralogist 102, no. 9 (2017): 1822–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2017-6089.

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14

Koch-Muller, M., and D. Rhede. "IR absorption coefficients for water in nominally anhydrous high-pressure minerals." American Mineralogist 95, no. 5-6 (2010): 770–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2010.3358.

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15

Kohn, Simon C. "Solubility of H2O in nominally anhydrous mantle minerals using1H MAS NMR." American Mineralogist 81, no. 11-12 (1996): 1523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-1996-11-1224.

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16

Jacobsen, S. D. "Effect of Water on the Equation of State of Nominally Anhydrous Minerals." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 62, no. 1 (2006): 321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.62.14.

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17

Ferriss, E., T. Plank, D. Walker, and M. Nettles. "The whole-block approach to measuring hydrogen diffusivity in nominally anhydrous minerals." American Mineralogist 100, no. 4 (2015): 837–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2015-4947.

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18

Sheng, YingMing, Bing Gong, WanCai Li, and Mei Xia. "Methodological progress in trace amounts of structural water in nominally anhydrous minerals." Science China Earth Sciences 59, no. 5 (2016): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-5281-0.

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19

Hui, HeJiu, YongJiang Xu, and Ming’En Pan. "On water in nominally anhydrous minerals from mantle peridotites and magmatic rocks." Science China Earth Sciences 59, no. 6 (2016): 1157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-5308-6.

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20

Hirschmann, Marc M., Cyril Aubaud, and Anthony C. Withers. "Storage capacity of H2O in nominally anhydrous minerals in the upper mantle." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 236, no. 1-2 (2005): 167–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.04.022.

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21

Patabendigedara, Sarath, Derek Nowak, Mitchell J. B. Nancarrow, and Simon Martin Clark. "Determining the water content of nominally anhydrous minerals at the nanometre scale." Review of Scientific Instruments 92, no. 2 (2021): 023103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0025570.

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22

Righter, Kevin. "Water in nominally anhydrous minerals, edited by H. Keppler and J. R. Smyth." Meteoritics & Planetary Science 42, no. 6 (2007): 1039–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-5100.2007.tb01152.x.

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23

Libowitzky, E. "The Structure of Hydrous Species in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals: Information from Polarized IR Spectroscopy." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 62, no. 1 (2006): 29–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2006.62.2.

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24

Aubaud, C., A. C. Withers, M. M. Hirschmann, et al. "Intercalibration of FTIR and SIMS for hydrogen measurements in glasses and nominally anhydrous minerals." American Mineralogist 92, no. 5-6 (2007): 811–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2007.2248.

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25

Beran, A. "OH groups in nominally anhydrous framework structures: An infrared spectroscopic investigation of danburite and labradorite." Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 14, no. 5 (1987): 441–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00628821.

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26

Medard, E., C. A. McCammon, J. A. Barr, and T. L. Grove. "Oxygen fugacity, temperature reproducibility, and H2O contents of nominally anhydrous piston-cylinder experiments using graphite capsules." American Mineralogist 93, no. 11-12 (2008): 1838–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am.2008.2842.

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27

Hebert, Laura B., and Laurent G. J. Montési. "Hydration adjacent to a deeply subducting slab: The roles of nominally anhydrous minerals and migrating fluids." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 118, no. 11 (2013): 5753–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2013jb010497.

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28

Seaman, S. J., M. L. Williams, M. J. Jercinovic, G. C. Koteas, and L. B. Brown. "Water in nominally anhydrous minerals: Implications for partial melting and strain localization in the lower crust." Geology 41, no. 10 (2013): 1051–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/g34435.1.

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29

Roskosz, M., E. Deloule, J. Ingrin, et al. "Kinetic D/H fractionation during hydration and dehydration of silicate glasses, melts and nominally anhydrous minerals." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 233 (July 2018): 14–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2018.04.027.

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30

Balan, Etienne. "Theoretical infrared spectra of OH defects in corundum (<i>α</i>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>)". European Journal of Mineralogy 32, № 5 (2020): 457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-457-2020.

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Abstract. The atomic-scale structure, relative stability and infrared spectroscopic properties of OH defects in corundum (α-Al2O3) are theoretically investigated at the density functional theory level. Comparison with experimental data makes it possible to assign most of the narrow bands observed between 3150 and 3400 cm−1 in natural and Ti- or V-doped synthetic corundum to specific defects. These defects correspond to the association of one OH group with an Al vacancy and M4+ for Al3+ substitutions in neighboring sites. The OH group is located in the large oxygen triangle forming the base of
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31

Raepsaet, C., H. Bureau, H. Khodja, C. Aubaud та A. Carraro. "μ-Erda developments in order to improve the water content determination in hydrous and nominally anhydrous mantle phases". Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 266, № 8 (2008): 1333–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2008.01.028.

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32

Kovács, István, David H. Green, Anja Rosenthal, et al. "An Experimental Study of Water in Nominally Anhydrous Minerals in the Upper Mantle near the Water-saturated Solidus." Journal of Petrology 53, no. 10 (2012): 2067–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egs044.

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33

Peslier, Anne H. "A review of water contents of nominally anhydrous natural minerals in the mantles of Earth, Mars and the Moon." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 197, no. 1-4 (2010): 239–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.10.006.

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34

Gong, Bing, RenXu Chen, and YongFei Zheng. "Water contents and hydrogen isotopes in nominally anhydrous minerals from UHP metamorphic rocks in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt." Chinese Science Bulletin 58, no. 35 (2013): 4384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11434-013-6069-7.

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35

Tsuno, Kyusei, and Rajdeep Dasgupta. "Melting phase relation of nominally anhydrous, carbonated pelitic-eclogite at 2.5–3.0 GPa and deep cycling of sedimentary carbon." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 161, no. 5 (2010): 743–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-010-0560-9.

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36

Keppler, H., and M. Rauch. "Water solubility in nominally anhydrous minerals measured by FTIR and 1 H MAS NMR: the effect of sample preparation." Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27, no. 6 (2000): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002699900070.

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37

Marshall, Edward W., John C. Lassiter, and Jaime D. Barnes. "On the (mis)behavior of water in the mantle: Controls on nominally anhydrous mineral water content in mantle peridotites." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 499 (October 2018): 219–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2018.07.033.

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38

Callegaro, Sara, Kalotina Geraki, Andrea Marzoli, Angelo De Min, Victoria Maneta, and Don R. Baker. "The quintet completed: The partitioning of sulfur between nominally volatile-free minerals and silicate melts." American Mineralogist 105, no. 5 (2020): 697–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7188.

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Abstract Magmatic systems are dominated by five volatiles, namely H2O, CO2, F, Cl, and S (the igneous quintet). Multiple studies have measured partitioning of four out of these five volatiles (H2O, CO2, F, and Cl) between nominally volatile-free minerals and melts, whereas the partitioning of sulfur is poorly known. To better constrain the behavior of sulfur in igneous systems we measured the partitioning of sulfur between clinopyroxene and silicate melts over a range of pressure, temperature, and melt composition from 0.8 to 1.2 GPa, 1000 to 1240 °C, and 49 to 66 wt% SiO2 (13 measurements). A
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39

Jin, Ziliang, and Maitrayee Bose. "New clues to ancient water on Itokawa." Science Advances 5, no. 5 (2019): eaav8106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav8106.

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We performed the first measurements of hydrogen isotopic composition and water content in nominally anhydrous minerals collected by the Hayabusa mission from the S-type asteroid Itokawa. The hydrogen isotopic composition (δD) of the measured pyroxene grains is −79 to −53‰, which is indistinguishable from that in chondritic meteorites, achondrites, and terrestrial rocks. Itokawa minerals contain water contents of 698 to 988 parts per million (ppm) weight, after correcting for water loss during parent body processes and impact events that elevated the temperature of the parent body. We infer tha
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40

Turner, Michael, Trevor Ireland, Joerg Hermann, et al. "Sensitive high resolution ion microprobe – stable isotope (SHRIMP-SI) analysis of water in silicate glasses and nominally anhydrous reference minerals." Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 30, no. 8 (2015): 1706–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ja00047e.

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41

Sheng, Ying-Ming, Qun-Ke Xia, Luigi Dallai, Xiao-Zhi Yang, and Yan-Tao Hao. "H2O contents and D/H ratios of nominally anhydrous minerals from ultrahigh-pressure eclogites of the Dabie orogen, eastern China." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 71, no. 8 (2007): 2079–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2007.01.018.

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42

Mans, Wade, Jin S. Zhang, Ming Hao, et al. "Hydrogen Effect on the Sound Velocities of Upper Mantle Omphacite." Minerals 9, no. 11 (2019): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9110690.

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Clinopyroxene (Cpx) is commonly believed to be the best structural water (hydrogen) carrier among all major upper mantle nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs). In this study, we have measured the single-crystal elastic properties of a Cpx, a natural omphacite with ~710 ppm water at ambient pressure (P) and temperature (T) conditions. Utilizing the single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microprobe data, the unit cell parameters and density were determined as a = 9.603(9) Å, b = 8.774(3) Å, c = 5.250(2) Å, β = 106.76(5)o, V = 255.1(4) Å3, and ρ = 3.340(6) g/cm3. We performed Brillouin
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43

Stroud, Rhonda M., Jeffrey W. Long, Karen E. Swider-Lyons, and Debra R. Rolison. "Nanoscale Structural and Chemical Segregation in Pt50Ru50 Electrocatalysts." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (2001): 1112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600031639.

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To address how the chemical and structural heterogeneity of Pt50Ru50 nanoparticles affects methanol oxidation activity, we have employed an arsenal of transmission electron microscopy techniques (conventional bright field-imaging, selected area diffraction, atomic-resolution lattice imaging, electron-energy loss spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy) to characterize 2.5-nm particles in differing oxidation and hydration states. Our studies demonstrate that electrocatalysts containing a high fraction of Ru-rich hydrous oxide, as apposed to the anhydrous PtRu bimetallic alloy, ha
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44

Novella, Davide, Daniel J. Frost, Erik H. Hauri, Helene Bureau, Caroline Raepsaet, and Mathilde Roberge. "The distribution of H2O between silicate melt and nominally anhydrous peridotite and the onset of hydrous melting in the deep upper mantle." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 400 (August 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.05.006.

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45

Tenner, Travis J., Marc M. Hirschmann, Anthony C. Withers, and Richard L. Hervig. "Hydrogen partitioning between nominally anhydrous upper mantle minerals and melt between 3 and 5 GPa and applications to hydrous peridotite partial melting." Chemical Geology 262, no. 1-2 (2009): 42–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.12.006.

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46

Pálos, Zsófia, István János Kovács, Dávid Karátson, et al. "On the use of nominally anhydrous minerals as phenocrysts in volcanic rocks: A review including a case study from the Carpathian–Pannonian Region." Central European Geology 62, no. 1 (2019): 119–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/24.62.2019.03.

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The past decade has seen a great number of studies dealing with magmatic water contents and how these could be retrieved by the nominally anhydrous minerals’ (NAMs) trace structural hydroxyl (water) contents. Constraints have been made to magmatic hygrometry with clinopyroxene and plagioclase. Although results suggest that the method is more flexible and reliable than melt inclusion studies, they also indicate that the trace hydroxyl contents could still be overprinted by syn- and post-eruptive processes. Clinopyroxenes can hold more structural hydroxyl than plagioclases. A comprehensive revie
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47

Greenwood, James P., Kenichi Abe, and Benjamin McKeeby. "Cl-bearing fluorcalciobritholite in high-Ti basalts from Apollo 11 and 17: Implications for volatile histories of late-stage lunar magmas." American Mineralogist 105, no. 2 (2020): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2020-7180.

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Abstract We report the occurrence of a previously unidentified mineral in lunar samples: a Cl-,F-,REE-rich silico-phosphate identified as Cl-bearing fluorcalciobritholite. This mineral is found in late-stage crystallization assemblages of slowly cooled high-Ti basalts 10044, 10047, 75035, and 75055. It occurs as rims on fluorapatite or as a solid-solution between fluorapatite and Cl-fluorcalciobritholite. The Cl-fluorcalciobritholite appears to be nominally anhydrous. The Cl and Fe2+ of the lunar Cl fluorcalciobritholite distinguishes it from its terrestrial analog. The textures and chemistry
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48

Zhang, Bao-Hua, and Qun-Ke Xia. "Influence of water on the physical properties of olivine, wadsleyite, and ringwoodite." European Journal of Mineralogy 33, no. 1 (2021): 39–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ejm-33-39-2021.

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Abstract. The incorporation of water in nominally anhydrous minerals plays a crucial role in many geodynamic processes and evolution of the Earth and affects the physical and chemical properties of the main constituents of the Earth's mantle. Technological advances now allow the transport properties of minerals to be precisely measured under extreme conditions of pressure and temperature (P and T) that closely mimic the P–T conditions throughout much of the Earth's interior. This contribution provides an overview of the recent progress in the experimental studies on the influence of water on p
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49

Liu, Wendi, Yan Yang, and Qunke Xia. "Reply to Kroll and Schmid-Beurmann's comment on &#8220;Water decreases displacive phase transition temperature in alkali feldspar&#8221; by Liu et al. (2018)." European Journal of Mineralogy 32, no. 3 (2020): 305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-305-2020.

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Abstract. It has long been known that hydrogen impurities can be incorporated in the structure of nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs) and substantially influence their physical properties. One of the geologically most prominent NAMs is feldspar. The hydrogen concentration in NAMs is usually expressed in parts per million of water by weight (ppm H2O wt.) In this paper, we use the term “hydrogen” for uniformity, except when we use “water” for describing its amount expressed as parts per million of H2O by weight. In our article (Liu et al., 2018), we carried out in situ high-temperature X-ray pow
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50

Tikoo, Sonia M., and Linda T. Elkins-Tanton. "The fate of water within Earth and super-Earths and implications for plate tectonics." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2094 (2017): 20150394. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0394.

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The Earth is likely to have acquired most of its water during accretion. Internal heat of planetesimals by short-lived radioisotopes would have caused some water loss, but impacts into planetesimals were insufficiently energetic to produce further drying. Water is thought to be critical for the development of plate tectonics, because it lowers viscosities in the asthenosphere, enabling subduction. The following issue persists: if water is necessary for plate tectonics, but subduction itself hydrates the upper mantle, how is the upper mantle initially hydrated? The giant impacts of late accreti
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