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1
Hales, Kevin. "The Moving Finger: A Rhetorical, Grammatological and Afrinographic Exploration of Nsibidi in Nigeria and Cameroon." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1431071905.
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FOURNIE, DEJEAN ISABELLE. "Un petit nom nomme desir." Toulouse 3, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU31527.
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Couillard-Després, Jimmy. "KAPI ICINIKATEK : Le territoire nommé des Apitipi8innik." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67307.
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Géographiquement associés à la communauté de Pikogan,mais peuple d’une «Abitibi» bien plus grande, les Apitipi8innik entretiennent une relation avec le territoire qui dépasse largement les aspects fonctionnels. Cette relation s’étend jusque dans la langue, où les toponymes occupent une place de prédilection. Comprendre les relations entre les Apitipi8innik et leur territoire nommé est une volonté récente du milieu académique, qui émerge de la considération de phénomènes où les noms de lieux sont employés dans l’espace public comme outils de l’affirmation culturelle en territoire, comme porte-étendard d’un héritage culturel et comme un outil de maintien et de valorisation de la langue. Cette recherche vise la compréhension, la description et la diffusion des noms de lieux apitipi8innik et des relations que les Apitipi8innik entretiennent aujourd’hui avec leur territoire nommé. Il s’agit d’une recherche menée de pair avec les principaux intéressés, où les propos tenus et les finalités visées sont entrepris pour l'intérêt premier du peuple détenant le savoir ici analysé. Ainsi, des entretiens autour de séances de cartographie participative ou de parcours commentés ont complété et enrichi une compilation d’enquêtes toponymiques déjà publiées. Les objectifs d’assembler le savoir toponymique apitipi8inni, de le distinguer des autres toponymies en portant un regard sur ses caractéristiques et la mise sur pied de moyens visant le rayonnement du savoir recueilli ont amenés à une réflexion géographique sur ce qui s’avère être une question aussi linguistique, historique et politique.Les résultats de la recherche pourront permettre d’orienter l’utilisation de cette toponymie par les Apitipi8innik dans de «nouvelles» fonctions, allant de l’affichage à l’officialisation, de la pérennisation de la langue anicinape au tourisme culturel.<br>Geographically linked to the community of Pikogan, but people of a much larger “Abitibi”, the Apitipi8innik have a relationship with their territory that largely exceeds its functionalist aspects. This relationship extends into the language, where toponyms occupy a central place. Understanding the relationship between Apitipi8innik and their “named territory” is a recent academical desire that emerges from the consideration of phenomena where place names are used in public space as tools for territorial and cultural affirmation, as a gateway to a cultural heritage and as a tool for the maintenance and enhancement of the language. This research aims to understand, describe and disseminate apitipi8innik place names and the relationships that Apitipi8innik maintain today with their named territory. There search was conducted with the main stakeholders and undertaken for the best interest of the people holding the knowledge being analyzed. Thus, interviews around participatory mapping sessions or “commented routes” completed and enriched previously published toponymic surveys. The objectives of gathering apitipi8inni toponymic knowledge, distinguishing other toponymies by looking at its characteristics,and putting in place means aimed at spreading the knowledge collected,have led to a geographical reflection on what must also be a linguistic, historical and political issue.The findings will hopefully guide the use of this toponymy by the Apitipi8innik in "new" functions, ranging from display to officialization and the perpetuation of the Anicinape language to cultural tourism.
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Miller, Keith. "Role of bacterial hypermutators in the evolution of antimicrobial resistance." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275754.
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Oppitz, Sheila Jacques. "HABILIDADES AUDITIVAS EM ADULTOS NORMO-OUVINTES BILÍNGUES E MONOLÍNGUES." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2015. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6584.
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Bilingualism is becoming more common in world and, despite being much discussed their impact on the language, there s not much knowledge about the effect of different linguistic backgrounds in auditory processing skills. We know that, when a person is exposed to two languages, it increases speed and efficiency of information processing and, therefore, bilingual subject is benefited in development and recognition of patterns of important sounds for speech understanding. Investigate and compare performance of auditory skills in normal hearing adults with different levels of late bilingualism between them, and normal hearing monolingual people using behavioral and electrophysiological tests.This study is descriptive, quantitative and transversal. The sample was consisted of 65 subjects (Monolingual Group (MG) with 13 speakers of Portuguese; Teachers group (GT): 13 bilingual language - schools teachers - (Portuguese - English) and language school students at different levels of proficiency (Portuguese-English): 13 at advanced level (AG); 13 at intermediate level (IG); 13 at basic level (BG)) with normal hearing and no complaints about auditory processing abilities, aged 18-35 years. They were subjected to behavioral tests: Staggered Spondaic Word test (SSW), which evaluates attention skills, memory and figure-ground for verbal sounds; Random Gap Detection Test (RGDT) that assesses ability of temporal resolution; and electrophysiological test Long Latency Auditory Evoked Potential (LLAEP) with verbal stimuli (syllables / ba / - frequent stimulus and / di / - rare stimulus) evaluating memory, attention and auditory discrimination. In a general way, in analysis between groups, there were significant differences with higher values to age, SSW and lower values to RGDT for teachers, compared with monolinguals. Comparing students at different levels of English learning, there were higher values for RGDT and latency of component N1 for basic level of proficiency. Late bilinguals people have further development of attention ability and auditory memory, when compared to monolingual ones. In addition to that, there is an improvement in temporal resolution ability as English learning level increases.<br>O bilinguismo está cada vez mais comum no mundo e, apesar de ser bastante discutido o seu impacto sobre a linguagem, pouco se sabe sobre o efeito de diferentes origens linguísticas nas habilidades de processamento auditivo. Sabe-se que, quando uma pessoa é exposta a duas línguas, aumenta-se a velocidade e a eficácia do processamento da informação. Portanto, o sujeito bilíngue é beneficiado no desenvolvimento e reconhecimento dos padrões de sons importantes para a compreensão de fala. Esta dissertação visa investigar e comparar o desempenho de habilidades auditivas em indivíduos adultos normo-ouvintes com diferentes níveis de bilinguismo tardio entre si e em relação a normo-ouvintes monolíngues por meio de testes comportamentais e de teste eletrofisiológico. Esse estudo tem caráter descritivo, quantitativo e transversal. A amostra foi composta por 65 sujeitos: Grupo Monolíngue (GM): tre13ze indivíduos falantes da língua portuguesa; Grupo Professores (GP): 13 bilíngues professores de escolas de idiomas (português/inglês); alunos de escolas de idiomas em diferentes níveis de aprendizado (português/inglês): 13 no nível avançado (GA); 13 no nível intermediário (GI); 13 no nível básico (GB), com limiares auditivos tonais dentro dos limites da normalidade e sem queixas de habilidades de processamento auditivo, com idade entre 18 e 35 anos. Os sujeitos foram submetidos aos seguintes testes comportamentais: teste dicótico de dissílabos alternados (SSW), o qual avalia as habilidades de atenção, memória e figura-fundo para sons verbais; teste de detecção de gap (RGDT), que avalia a habilidade de resolução temporal; e teste eletrofisiológico potencial evocado auditivo de longa latência (PEALL) com estímulos verbais (sílabas /ba/ estímulo frequente e /di/ estímulo raro), a fim de avaliar memória, atenção e discriminação auditiva. De maneira geral, na análise entre grupos, houve diferenças significativas, com maiores valores de idade, SSW e menores valores de RGDT para os professores, quando comparados com os monolíngues. Comparando os alunos em diferentes níveis de aprendizado da língua inglesa, verificou-se maiores valores de RGDT e latência do componente N1 para o nível básico de proficiência. Concluiu-se que bilíngues tardios possuem aperfeiçoamento da habilidade de atenção e memória auditiva quando comparados aos monolíngues. Há, também, um aprimoramento da habilidade de resolução temporal conforme aumenta o nível de aprendizado da língua inglesa.
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Beurer, Björn Michael [Verfasser]. "Die laborchemische Diagnostik von normo- und mikrozytären Anämien. / Björn Beurer." Greifswald : Universitätsbibliothek Greifswald, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023614596/34.
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José, Ivan dos Santos. "Avaliação do reconhecimento de melodias tradicionais em crianças normo-ouvintes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/25/25143/tde-28062016-082208/.
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A contribuição da música no campo das ciências humanas vem sendo valorizado pelas ciências da saúde nas últimas décadas, favorecendo relações entre a Fonoaudiologia e a Musicoterapia. A avaliação da percepção musical busca compreender princípios básicos como a discriminação de timbres, melodias, ritmos, intensidade, altura, duração das notas, densidade, entre outros, além de conhecimentos inerentes em relação a audição, bem como as experiências musicais no decorrer da vida. O objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar um teste informatizado de avaliação do reconhecimento de melodias tradicionais brasileiras e verificar o desempenho de crianças com audição normal neste instrumento. Foi realizada a elaboração de um teste, denominado Avaliação do Reconhecimento de Melodias Tradicionais em Crianças normo-ouvintes (ARMTC), em formato de website, composto por 15 melodias tradicionais da cultura brasileira, gravadas com timbre sintetizado de piano, padronizadas com andamentos variáveis, intensidades similares, tonalidade de acordo com a partitura utilizada, reprodução de 12 segundos cada melodia e pausas de quatro segundos entre cada melodia. A casuística foi composta por 155 crianças, com faixa etária entre oito e 11 anos, de ambos os sexos, com limiares auditivos nas frequências de 500 Hz a 4000 Hz dentro dos padrões de normalidade e curva timpanométrica tipo A. Todas as crianças foram submetidas à triagem audiológica (frequências de 500 Hz, 1 KHz, 2 KHz e 4 KHz), Timpanometria e ao ARMTC. O ARMTC foi aplicado em campo livre com intensidade de 65 dBNA, com caixa de som posicionada a 0o azimute, à uma distância de um metro do participante que se manteve sentado. As crianças foram instruídas a clicar na tela do notebook no ícone correspondente ao nome e ilustração da melodia a qual ouviram e prosseguir dessa forma até o término das 15 melodias apresentadas. Na maioria das melodias selecionadas não houve diferença significante entre número de erros/acertos e tempo de reação quando estas variáveis foram correlacionadas ao sexo, idade e local em que o teste foi aplicado. As melodias mais reconhecidas foram: Cai, cai balão, Boi da cara preta, que teve igual score a Caranguejo, Escravos de Jó, O cravo, Parabéns a você e Marcha soldado, as quais obtiveram reconhecimento superior à 70% de acertos e a melodia com menor reconhecimento foi Capelinha de melão.<br>The contribution of music in the field of human sciences has been valued by the health sciences in recent decades, promoting relations between speech therapy and music therapy. The evaluation of music perception aims to understand basic principles such as the distinction of timbre, melodies, rhythms, intensity, pitch, time, density, among others, as well as knowledge associated with hearing and musical experiences throughout life. The aim of this study was to develop a computerized test for assessing the recognition of traditional Brazilian melodies and verify the performance of children with normal hearing using this tool. The development of a test, called Assessment of traditional melodies perception in normal hearing children (ARMTC) in website format was performed. It is composed of 15 traditional Brazilian regional songbook melodies, recorded with a piano synthesizer timbre, standardized with variable tempo, similar intensities, and tones according to the musical score used, and playback of 12 seconds of each melody and four-second pause between each song. The sample was composed of 155 children, aged between 8 and 11, of both genders, with hearing thresholds in the frequencies ranging from 500 Hz to 4000 Hz with normal hearing and tympanometry curve type A. All children were submitted to hearing screening (frequency 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz and 4 kHz), Tympanometry and ARMTC. The ARMTC was applied in free field with intensity of 65 dB HL, with speaker positioned at 0o azimuth, at a distance of one meter of the participant who remained seated. The children were instructed to click on the notebook display, in the icon corresponding to the name and the illustration of the melody which they heard and continue in that way until the end of the 15 melodies presented. In most of the selected melodies there was no significant difference between the number of errors/right answers and reaction time when these variables were related to gender, age and location where the test was applied. The best known melodies were: Cai, cai balão, Boi da cara preta, that was equal in score to Caranguejo, Escravos de Jó, O cravo, Parabéns a você and Marcha soldado, which obtained greater recognition of 70% correct answers. The melody with less recognition percentage was Capelinha de melão.
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Offroy, Jean-Gabriel. "On nomme un enfant : choix du prénom et projet parental." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070110.
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Le choix d'un prenom pour un enfant est le resultat d'un long processus ou s'articulent de multiples determinismes d'ordre sociaux, familiaux, affectifs, inconscients. Les apports croises de l'ethnologie, de la sociologie, de l'histoire et de la psychanalyse permettent d'eclairer des etudes de cas basees sur des entretiens approfondis ou tires de la litterature. Le processus de choix du prenom revele alors des conflits et des contradictions a plusieurs niveaux : - contradictions sociales entre reproduction et historicite, integration et differenciation, et conflits entre les differents groupes sociaux qui veulent s'approprier l'enfant;- conflits entre les lignees familiales et contradictions entre les differentes composantes de l'heritage : capital economique, social, symbolique, culturel et ideologique;- contradictions conscientes et inconscientes chez chacun des parents et dans l'imaginaire familial : projections, possession et identifications, desirs de vie et de moprt, deuils non elabores. . . - conflits au sein du couple. Le projet parental, symbolise par le prenom, apparait comme la mediation ultime de toutes ces contradictions<br>Choosing a first name for a child is the result of a long process. Many determinisms are involved : social, familial, affective, unconscious. That implies using simultaneously ethnology, sociology, history and psychoanalysis. Case studies based on intensive clinical interviews reveal conflicts and contradictions at different levels:-social contradictions between reproduction and historicicy, integration and differenciation, conflicts between different social groups. -conflicts between the different branches of the family and contradictions between the different parts of inheritage : economic, social, cultural, symbolic and ideological. -conscious and unconscious contradictions of each parent and in the familial myths. -conflicts inside the parental couple. The parental project, condensed in the first name of the child, appears as the final mediation of all the contradictions
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Joubert, Anghel Valérie. ""Je te nomme liberté" : fresques populaires à Santiago du Chili." Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30005.
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Les fresques populaires de santiago du chili assument un acte de discours qui relie l'action militante a la manifestation artistique. Melant la revolte et l'espoir sur les murs de la ville, elles sont un lieu privilegie d'affirmation de l'identite collective. Sous l'initiative de brigades muralistes, cette activite anonyme est le terrain de l'union et de l'integration, de la rehabilitation d'une parole effacee par le coup d'etat militaire du 11 septembre 1973. Apres leur essor sous l'unite populaire, puis leur disparition sous la dictature, les fresques ont resurgi clandestinement comme instrument de defense des droits de l'homme. Depuis le retour a la democratie, l'image porte-parole poursuit son evolution en etalant la chronique des revendications diverses. Cet outil de propagande est devenu avec le temps une tradition picturale authentique, liee a la lutte populaire, appelant a la prise de conscience et a l'insurrection. La peinture s'instaure comme un langage naturel : espace ouvert et fondateur qui reconduit l'engagement des hommes et oeuvre a la dynamique de la liberation. Avec force et passion, la parole s'y inscrit en instance continue d'expansion. Plus qu'un moyen de conviction ou de protestation, la peinture murale est une arme de resistance. Sous le pinceau des rebelles, elle signe la reconnaissance de la dimension historique de l'expression populaire et du processus revolutionnaire. Forte de l'emotion qu'elle fait naitre, elle devient l'ecriture d'un discours eternellement porte a renouveler ses formes ephemeres, et constitue,telle une memoire en devenir, un processus pour exister. Trace d'une parole toujours portee a renaitre de ses cendres, chaque fresque concentre l'energie d'un geste universel et d'un regard qui ensemence l'avenir. En liberant l'expression dont il fixe l'elan, cet art de la rue est alors le theatre d'une liberte sous parole.
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Feuerstoss, Denis. "L'ainsi-nomme hemangiome sclerosant pulmonaire : a propos de 3 cas." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR1M014.
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Becker, Karine Thaís. "HABILIDADES AUDITIVAS EM ESCOLARES NORMO-OUVINTES DE DIFERENTES NÍVEIS SOCIOECONÔMICO-CULTURAIS." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6495.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>This study aimed to verify the socioeconomic-cultural level s interference on the speech comprehension performance in the scholars and if this condition can affect the hearing abilities, even with intact peripheral hearing. The sample was comprised by 51 children, aged between seven and ten years old, divided into two groups by different socioeconomic-cultural levels, based on the Economic Classification s Criterion of Brazil by the Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa ABEP (2008). Thus, the Group 1 (G1) was comprised of 23 middle high level s children and the Group 2 (G2) of 28 middle lower level s children. Realized procedures: anamnesis; meatoscopy; obtain hearins thresholds; measures of acoustic impedance and Recognition Sentence in the Silence Thresholds (RSST) and in the Noise (RSNT), expressed by the signal to noise ratio (S/N), obtained by the Portuguese Sentence Lists test PSL; and Staggered Spondaic Word test SSW. In the article I, were studied the auditory abilities assessed by SSW test. In the article II, the speech recognition in quiet and in noise were studied, by analyzing the RSST and S/R ratio It was found that the children from both groups had similar performances only to the RSST variable, while middle high level s children scores highly than the middle lower level s to the speech recognition ability and to the assessed abilities from the SSW test. This showed that the socioeconomic-cultural level affects this abilities performance.<br>Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar se há interferência do nível socioeconômico-cultural no desempenho da habilidade de compreensão da fala em escolares e se essa condição pode afetar as demais habilidades auditivas, estando a audição periférica íntegra. A amostra constitui-se de 51 crianças, com idades entre 7 e 10 anos, divididas em dois grupos. A divisão de acordo com o nível socioeconômico-cultural se deu com base no Critério de Classificação Econômica do Brasil da Associação Brasileira de Empresas de Pesquisa ABEP (2008). Assim, o Grupo 1 (G1) foi constituído por 23 crianças de nível socioeconômico-cultural médio-alto e o Grupo 2 (G2) por 28 crianças de nível socioeconômico-cultural médio-baixo. Foram realizados: anamnese; inspeção visual do meato acústico externo; obtenção dos limiares auditivos; medidas de imitância acústica; pesquisa dos Limiares de Reconhecimento de Sentenças no Silêncio (LRSS) e no Ruído (LRSR), expresso através da relação sinal-ruído (S/R), obtidos através do teste Listas de Sentenças em Português LSP (Costa, 1998); e a aplicação do Teste Dicótico de Dissílabos Alternados SSW (Borges, 1986). No artigo I, foram estudadas as habilidades auditivas avaliadas pelo teste SSW, enquanto no artigo II, o reconhecimento de fala no silêncio e no ruído, através da análise das variáveis LRSS e relação S/R. Verificou-se que, com exceção do LRSS, em que as crianças dos dois grupos obtiveram desempenhos semelhantes, as crianças de nível socioeconômico-cultural médio-alto obtiveram escores superiores às crianças de nível médio-baixo nas habilidades avaliadas pelo teste SSW e na habilidade de reconhecimento de fala no ruído. Isso evidenciou que o nível socioeconômico-cultural interfere no desempenho destas habilidades.
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Eyraud, Vanessa. "Etude d’un insecticide naturel nommé PA1b : Mécanisme d’action et expression hétérologue." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0020/document.
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Dans un contexte où l’utilisation de substance chimique en agriculture est de plus en plus décriée, il est nécessaire de trouver de nouveaux moyens de protections des cultures, tout en maintenant une agriculture économiquement performante. Ainsi, un peptide extrait de graines de pois nommée PA1b (Pea Albumin 1 sous-unité b), présentant une forte activité insecticide a été découvert au laboratoire. PA1b provoque chez l’insecte modèle du laboratoire, le charançon des céréales Sitophilus sp., 100% de mortalité. L’action de PA1b passe par la liaison à un récepteur présent chez les charançons sensibles, et cette liaison est absente chez les charançons résistants ; ce récepteur est une pompe à protons nommée V-ATPase pour Vacuolar ATPase. Elle est composée de 14 sous-unités organisées en deux complexes protéiques nommés V1 (intracellulaire) et V0 (membranaire). PA1b agissant à l’extérieur des cellules seul le complexe V0 composé des sous - unités a, c, d et e pouvait être le récepteur de notre toxine. Mon premier objectif de thèse a été de comprendre le mode d’action de PA1b, en identifiant d’abord la ou les sous-unités réceptrices de PA1b, puis en recherchant par quel mécanisme la liaison de PA1b induit la mort de l’insecte. Nous avons cloné chez le charançon tous les gènes du complexe Vo, puis j’ai complémenté des levures déficientes pour ces gènes. Ce travail, mais également celui réalisé en collaboration avec d’autres équipes, nous a permis de proposer un modèle de perception de PA1b qui implique les sous-unités c et e de la V-ATPase, et permet également de proposer des hypothèses pour les différentes résistances au peptide. Par des méthodes d’immunohistologie et de biochimie, j’ai ensuite montré de manière concordante que la liaison de PA1b à la V-ATPase déclenche un phénomène d’apoptose qui conduit à la mort cellulaire, puis à la mort de l’insecte. Le second objectif de ma thèse était la mise en place d’un système de production hétérologue de PA1b. Grâce à l’expression hétérologue par infiltration de feuille de tabac (Nicotiana benthamiana) nous avons mis en place une technique de production efficace de la protéine PA1b. Après avoir déterminé les parties du gène codant PA1b nécessaires à la production de la protéine fonctionnelle, le système de production a ensuite été simplifié par la construction d’une cassette d’expression. Ainsi six isoformes de PA1b présents chez le pois, dont l’activité individuelle restait inconnue, ont été produits et testés, permettant de montrer que le caractère amphiphile de PA1b était primordial pour son activité. Par cette technique nous avons mis en place un système de production rapide et efficace permettant de tester la toxicité de nombreux isoformes de PA1b. Ce travail sera une aide précieuse pour le projet, dont l’un des objectifs majeurs est l’optimisation de PA1b, c’est-à-dire de déterminer la séquence peptidique la plus toxique<br>In a context where chemical pesticides are increasingly criticized, new crops protection strategies that do not affect agriculture efficiency and productivity, must be found. A new peptide extracted from pea (Pisum sativum) seeds, named PA1b (Pea albumin 1 subunit b), and showing an important insecticide activity, was discovered in our laboratory. PA1b induces 100% mortality in our insect model, the cereal weevil, Sitophilus sp. PA1b acts by interacting with a receptor, this interaction is present in sensitive weevil, but not present in resistant weevil. The PA1b receptor is the vacuolar H+ -ATPase (V-ATPase), a multi-subunit proton pump. The V-ATPase is composed of two functional protein complexes named V1 (in the cytoplasm) and V0 (in the membrane). As PA1b is known to act only in the extracellular space, thus only the V0 complex, composed on the subunits a, c, d and e, can be the toxin receptor. The first aim of this thesis is to understand the PA1b mode of action: (i) identifying the subunit(s) acting as the receptor(s), (ii) understanding how the binding mechanism of PA1b on the receptor lead to the insect death. The weevil V0 complex genes were cloned and we used them for a functional complementation tests in yeasts strains deleted for these genes. Our data, together with those obtained through collaboration, lead to the proposal of model for the PA1b perception signaling which would involve subunits c and e of the V-ATPase. The identification of the PA1b receptor allows us to propose a hypothetical model explaining resistance mechanism to the peptide. Using immunohistology and biochemistry methods, we showed that PA1b-receptor interaction induced cells death triggered by apoptosis thus leading to insect death. The second aim of this thesis was the development of a PA1b heterologous production system. Through Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transient transformation by infiltration in tobacco leaves (Nicotiana benthamiana) an efficient system for PA1b production was developed. After identification of the essential parts of the complex PA1 gene necessary for efficient PA1b production, we created an expression cassette to simplify our heterologous production system. We used the system to produce six pea PA1b-isoformes with unknown individual toxic activity. The isoforms toxicity was experimentally determined, and our data showed that the amphiphilic properties of PA1b are essential for the maintenance of its toxic activity. For the first time, we implemented a quick and efficient production system, which allows to produce and to test many naturals or synthetics PA1b isoforms. This work will be useful to achieve one of the most important objectives of the research on this molecule, that is the identification
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Franco, de Köhler Patricia. "Untersuchungen zur Wirkung von intranasal verabreichtem Xylometazolin bei normo- und brachyzephalen Hunden." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-156124.
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Untersuchung zur Wirkung von intranasal verabreichtem
Xylometazolin bei brachy- und normozephalen Hunden:
Impuls-Oszillometrie und akustische Rhinometrie
P. Franco, J. P. Hueber, G. U. Oechtering
Klinik für Kleintiere, Arbeitsgruppe Brachyzephalie, Universität Leipzig
Einleitung: Die zuchtbedingte Verkürzung des Gesichtsschädels brachy -
zephaler Hunderassen hat zu einer Reihe klinisch relevanter morphologischer
und physiologischer Veränderungen geführt. Hierzu zählen stenotische
Naseneingänge, eine durch fehlgebildete Conchen obstruierte Nasenhöhle
sowie ein verdicktes und verlängertes Gaumensegel. Diese Einengung
der oberen Atemwege führt zu Atemnot und ausgeprägter Belastungsintoleranz,
was als Brachyzephales Atemnotsyndrom (BAS) bezeichnet wird. Xylometazolin
ist ein für den Menschen zugelassenes Alpha-Sympathomime -
tikum. Topische und systemische Sympathomimetika werden beim Menschen
zur Behandlung nasaler Kongestionen zum Abschwellen der Nasenschleimhaut
eingesetzt.
Zielstellung: Ausgehend von der Hypothese, dass Xylometazolin auch bei
Hunden zu einem Abschwellen der Nasenschleimhaut führt und dass die
Morphologie der Nasenmuscheln sich zwischen den zwei Zielgruppen unterscheidet,
sollte der intranasale Strömungswiderstand bei brachy- und
normozephalen Hunden vor und nach Xylometazolingabe mit Impuls-
Oszillometrie untersucht werden. Zusätzlich wurden in der Beaglegruppe
mit akustischer Rhinometrie das Nasenhöhlenvolumen und die minimale
Querschnittsfläche bestimmt.
Methodik: Die Messungen erfolgten nach dem Prinzip der Impuls-Oszillometrie
(IOS) und akustischer Rhinometrie. In einer prospektiven klini -
schen Studie wurden 10 brachyzephale Hunde (5 Möpse, 5 Französische
Bulldoggen) und 6 Beagles untersucht. Bei den anästhesierten, spontan atmenden
Tieren wurde der intranasale Strömungswiderstand mit Impuls-
Oszillometrie unmittelbar vor und 30 Minuten nach intranasal verabreichtem
Xylometazolin gemessen. Messungen mit akustischer Rhinometrie erfolgten
zusätzlich vor und nach Xylometazolingabe. Bei allen Tieren wurden die
oberen Atemwege endoskopisch und computertomographisch untersucht.
Ergebnisse: Der aus drei Messungen gemittelte intranasale Strömungswiderstand
bei Patienten mit BAS betrug vor Xylometazolingabe 0,87 ±
0,097 kPa/(L/s). Nach Xylometazolingabe reduzierte sich der intranasale
Strömungswiderstand um etwa 48% auf 0,42 ± 0,55 kPa/(L/s). Vergleich -
bare Ergebnisse ermittelten wir in der Beaglegruppe. Nach Xylometazolingabe
ergab sich bei den Beagles eine Zunahme des Nasenvolumens und der
minimalen Querschnittsfläche.
Schlussfolgerungen: Wir konnten erstmals zeigen, dass Xylometazolin auch
bei Hunden zum Abschwellen der Nasenschleimhaut führt und sich das
Abschwellverhalten zwischen brachy- und normozephalen Hunden kaum
voneinander unterscheidet.
A13
Abstracts
18. Jahrestagung der DVG-FG InnLab
© Schattauer 2010 Tierärztliche Praxis Kleintiere 1/2010
14
Rabelo, Camila Maia. ""Processamento auditivo: teste de fala comprimida em português em adultos normo-ouvintes"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-05082005-163113/.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: o teste de fala comprimida é sensível para avaliar o fechamento, porém não é usado no Brasil, pois não existe no português. Objetivo: elaborar um teste de fala comprimida em português aplicá-lo em jovens normo-ouvintes e verificar qual das listas comprimidas (50, 60 e 70%) é a mais apropriada para integrar a grupo de testes de Processamento Auditivo. Método: foram avaliados 144 indivíduos jovens, de ambos os sexos. Foram aplicados os testes de fala comprimida, comparando os resultados de acordo com a orelha inicial, ordem de apresentação e tipo de teste. Resultados: a média de acertos diminui com o aumento da compressão. Conclusão: as listas com compressão de 60% mostraram-se mais estáveis.<br>INTRODUCTION: The compressed speech test is good for evaluate closure, however it is not used in Brazil because it doesn't exist in portuguese. AIM: make a compressed speech test in portuguese, apply it in normal hearing adults and verify which of the compressed lists (50, 60, 70%) is the most appropriate to be a part of the auditory processing test set. METHOD: 144 individuals of both genders were evaluated. The compressed speech tests were used and the results were compared in respect of inicial ear, order of presentation and monosyllable and bisyllable. RESULTS: the average of correct responses decrease as the compression increase. CONCLUSION: the 60% compression test list shows to be the more stable of them.
15
Ferreira, Liscia Lamenha Apolinario. "Amplitude das emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção em motociclistas normo-ouvintes." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5143/tde-09102014-103515/.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: Os motociclistas estão expostos tanto ao ruído ambiental como ao ruído gerado pela própria motocicleta. Tal exposição ao ruído pode provocar lesões na orelha interna, de modo que o registro das emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção (EOAEPD) pode evidenciar as alterações de forma precoce. Objetivo: Verificar as variações das amplitudes das emissões otoacústicas evocadas por produto de distorção nos carteiros motociclistas normo-ouvintes de acordo com o tempo de exposição a ruído e analisar com trabalhadores normo-ouvintes não expostos a ruído ocupacional. Método: Foram avaliados 148 trabalhadores normo-ouvintes, distribuídos em quatro grupos: grupo I com exposição a ruído menor ou igual a dois anos, o grupo II com mais de dois anos e menos de cinco anos e o grupo III maior ou igual a cinco anos de exposição e o grupo IV não exposto ao ruído. Todos os trabalhadores selecionados foram submetidos ao registro das EOAEPD. Resultados: O grupo I apresentou amplitudes mais elevadas em 7250 Hz e 5128 Hz (p < 0,05), em comparação aos grupos II, III e IV. As menores respostas de amplitudes das EOAEPD ocorreram no grupo controle (grupo IV), sendo estatisticamente significativo nas freqüências entre 5128 Hz e 2588 Hz (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que o monitoramento no início da exposição ao ruído ocupacional, por meio das emissões otoacústicas por produto de distorção, possibilita a detecção de alterações fisiopatológicas precoces da orelha interna por causa da presença de incrementos no registro da amplitude das EOAEPD. Estes incrementos precedem as alterações na audiometria tonal liminar e a ausência ou diminuição na amplitude das EOAEPD<br>Introduction: The motorcyclists are exposed as much to the environmental noise as to the noise generated by the own motorcycle. Such exposition to noise can provoke lesions in the internal ear and the registration of the distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) can evidence the alterations in a precocious way. Objective: To verify the variations of the amplitudes of the otoacoustic emissions evoked by distortion product in the postmen normo-listeners motorcyclists\' in agreement with the time of exposition to noise and to analyze with normo-listeners workers not exposed to occupational noise. Method: Hundred and forty-eight normo-listeners workers has been evaluated, distributed into four groups: group I - exposed to a smaller noise equivalent to two years noise-exposition; group II - equivalent to more than two years exposition and less than five years; group III - larger or equal to five years exposition; and the group IV - workers not exposed to noise being assigned to the control group. All selecioned workers were submitted to DPOAEs registration. Results: The group I presented higher amplitudes for 7250 Hz and 5128 Hz frequencies (p < 0.05), in comparison with the groups II, III and IV. The lowest values of DPOAEs amplitudes were observed in the control group (group IV), being statistically significantive for frequencies between 5128 Hz and 2588 Hz (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that early monitoring of the exposition to occupational noise, through the distortion product otoacoustic emissions, makes possible the detection of precocious physiopathologic alterations of the internal ear due to the presence of increments in the amplitude registration of the DPOAEs. These increments precede the alterations in the preliminary tonal audiometry and the absence or decrease in the amplitude of the DPOAEs
16
Urnau, Daila. "CARACTERÍSTICAS AUDIOLÓGICAS DE INDIVÍDUOS NORMO-OUVINTES COM QUEIXAS DE ZUMBIDO E HIPERACUSIA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2011. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6505.
Full textAbstract:
OBJECTIVES: to verify the occurrence and the effect of transient otoacoustic
emissions (TEOAE), existence of association between: tinnitus degrees and hyperacusis
degrees, TEOAE suppressive effect and laterality, tinnitus and hyperacusis degrees, and
verify the characteristics of normal hearing individuals with complaints of tinnitus and
hyperacusis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 25 normal hearing subjects
having complaints of tinnitus and hyperacusis, with 16 female and nine male. About tinnitus,
the subjects were asked about the location and tinnitus type and they completed the Tinnitus
Handicap Inventory (THI), used for the classification of tinnitus degrees. A developed
hyperacusis questionnaire and the questionnaire on handedness The assessment and
analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh Inventor were completed too. They were tested
about the research of Loudness Discomfort Level (degrees of hyperacusis), Acuphenometry
and the suppression effect of otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) in the frequencies of 1, 1.5, 2,
3 and 4 KHz. We used descriptive and statistical analysis of the data (Fisher exact test,
Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U and Spearman correlation). RESULTS: The occurrence
of TEOAE ranged from 33 to 88%. We observed the presence of TEOAE suppression effect
on 63.7% in the right ear and 81.7% in the left ear. There was no association between
tinnitus degrees and hyperacusis degrees, and between the TEOAE suppression effect and
laterality, degrees of tinnitus and hyperacusis degrees. About tinnitus, the most subjects
reported acute pitch, in anamnesis and in Acuphenometry, bilateral location and mild degree.
Women had degree of tinnitus statistically superior than men. The sounds considered
uncomfortable were the high intensity ones and the reaction to the sounds most often cited
were irritation, anxiety and need to depart from the sound. The difficulty in speech
understanding at noise was mentioned. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the occurrence of
TEOAE in these subjects was lower than that found in normal hearing subjects. A higher
percentage of presence of TEOAE suppression effect has been found in both ears. Degrees
of tinnitus and hyperacusis degrees were not correlated in normal-hearing individuals with
complaints of tinnitus and hyperacusis, and there was no association between the TEOAE
suppression effect and laterality and degrees of tinnitus and hyperacusis. The sample
presented acute pitch, bilateral location and mild bilateral tinnitus.High intensity sounds were
reported as uncomfortable and irritation was the most cited reaction of the sound.<br>OBJETIVO: verificar a ocorrência e o efeito de supressão das emissões
otoacústicas transientes (EOAT), a existência de associação entre: graus de zumbido e de
hiperacusia, efeito supressor das EOAT e lateralidade, graus de zumbido e graus de
hiperacusia, e analisar as características audiológicas de indivíduos normo-ouvintes com
queixas de zumbido e hiperacusia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por
25 indivíduos normo-ouvintes, com queixas de zumbido e hiperacusia, sendo 16 do gênero
feminino e nove do masculino. Em relação ao zumbido, os indivíduos foram questionados
sobre o pitch e localização e preencheram o Tinnitus Handicap Inventory brasileiro (THI),
utilizado para avaliar o grau de zumbido. O questionário de hiperacusia e o questionário
sobre lateralidade manual The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh
Inventory também foram preenchidos. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a pesquisa do
Loudness Discomfort Level (grau de hiperacusia), a acufenometria e a pesquisa e do efeito
de supressão das emissões otoacústicas transientes (EOATs) nas frequências de 1, 1,5, 2,
3 e 4 KHz. Utilizou-se análise descritiva e estatística dos dados (testes exato de Fisher,
Kruskal Wallis, U de Man Whitney e correlação de Spearman). RESULTADOS: A ocorrência
das EOAT variou de 33 a 88%. Houve 63,7% de presença de efeito de supressão na orelha
direita e 81,7% na orelha esquerda. Não ocorreu associação significativa entre os graus de
zumbido e os graus de hiperacusia, e entre o efeito supressor das EOAT e lateralidade,
graus de zumbido e graus de hiperacusia. Em relação ao zumbido, a maioria dos indivíduos
apresentou pitch agudo, tanto na anamnese quanto na acufenometria, localização bilateral e
grau leve no THI. As mulheres apresentaram grau de zumbido estatisticamente superior ao
dos homens. Os sons considerados desconfortáveis foram os de alta intensidade e as
reações aos sons mais citadas foram a irritação, ansiedade e necessidade de afastar-se do
som. A dificuldade de compreensão de fala na presença de ruído foi referida pela maioria
dos indivíduos.CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a ocorrência de EOAT foi inferior a encontrada
em sujeitos normo-ouvintes sem esses sintomas. Obteve-se maior percentual de presença
do efeito de supressão das EOATs em ambas as orelhas analisadas. Os graus de zumbido
e os graus de hiperacusia não apresentaram correlação em indivíduos normo-ouvintes com
queixas de zumbido e hiperacusia, bem como não ocorreu associação entre o efeito de
supressão das EOAT e lateralidade, graus de zumbido e de hiperacusia. A amostra
estudada apresentou predomínio de zumbido de pitch agudo, localização bilateral e grau
leve. Os sons considerados desconfortáveis foram os de alta intensidade e a reação de
irritação aos sons foi a mais citada.
17
Simoës-Perlant, Aurélie. "Des particularités de l'apprentissage implicite : étude chez l'enfant normo-lecteur et dyslexique." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20055.
Full textAbstract:
L'apprentissage implicite correspond aux connaissances que nous développons à notre insu et sans être capables de les verbaliser. Ce type d'apprentissage tend aujourd'hui encore à être considéré comme un phénomène général ou universel, indépendant des caractéristiques du sujet ou de l'environnement. Toutefois, les quelques études menées dans le champ de l'apprentissage implicite auprès de sujets présentant des troubles du langage écrit ont abouti à des résultats qui méritent d'être discutés. En effet, alors que certaines études concluent à une préservation des capacités d'apprentissage implicite dans cette population, d'autres, au contraire, ont montré l'inefficience de ce type d'apprentissage. L'analyse des méthodologies utilisées dans ces études permet de formuler l'hypothèse d'une spécificité de l'apprentissage implicite, processus pouvant être affecté par l'interaction entre les caractéristiques spécifiques des individus et la nature du matériel expérimental auquel ils sont soumis. Cette thèse présente un ensemble de travaux étudiant les particularités de l'apprentissage implicite de séquence chez l'enfant d'âge, de niveau intellectuel et de niveau d'expérience de l'écrit différents. Grâce à la création d'une tâche de temps de réaction séquentiel, paradigme fréquemment utilisé pour la mesure de l'apprentissage implicite de séquence, nous souhaitons souligner l'impact du matériel plus ou moins linguistique à pister sur les capacités d'apprentissage implicite de séquence des sujets avec ou sans problèmes spécifiques d'accès au langage écrit. Une première étude a permis de valider le matériel expérimental. Cette étude a été suivie de deux autres recherches, testant l'indépendance de l'apprentissage implicite de séquence par rapport à l'âge et au niveau intellectuel des sujets. Ces études ont apporté des éléments de discussion à la question de la spécificité des capacités d'apprentissage implicite, capacités pouvant être dépendantes de la nature de la tâche proposée. Les dernières études de cette thèse ont été menées avec l'utilisation d'une extension de la tâche de temps de réaction séquentiel utilisée jusqu'alors, permettant de tester l'indépendance de l'apprentissage implicite par rapport aux troubles de la lecture. Cette dernière série d'études, menées auprès d'enfants normo-lecteurs et dyslexiques, a mis en évidence un déficit dans la mise en place des capacités d'apprentissage implicite de séquence chez l'enfant dyslexique lorsque celui-ci est soumis au pistage de certaines cibles linguistiques. Il semblerait que le coût attentionnel généré par le traitement de la cible à pister en tâche de temps de réaction séquentiel ait un impact défavorable sur la mise en évidence d'un apprentissage implicite chez des enfants présentant des troubles d'acquisition du langage écrit. Ces résultats vont dans le sens d'une spécificité de l'apprentissage implicite<br>Implicit learning refers to knowledge that is acquired unconsciously, and that we can not verbalise. This kind of learning is considered today as common in all human populations. However, in the field of dyslexia, results remain contradictory. In fact, some studies show that dyslexics perform just as well as normal readers in implicit sequence learning tasks, whereas other studies show the inefficiency of this type of learning for dyslexics. A methodological analysis of these studies leads us to the following hypothesis: the process of implicit learning can be affected by the interaction between the specific characteristics of the individuals, and the experimental nature of the material to which they are subjected. This thesis presents our studies concerning the peculiarities of the implicit sequence learning in children, with respect to age, intellectual level and experience of written language. We create an original serial reaction time task (paradigm frequently used for the measure of the implicit sequence learning). Our goal is to emphasize the impact of the more or less linguistic nature of the material to be tracked, on the implicit learning abilities of dyslexic children. A first experiment enabled us to validate the experimental material. This experiment was followed by two other studies, testing the independence of implicit sequence learning with regard to age and intellectual level. These studies help shed more light on the question of the specificity of implicit learning abilities, and the dependence of implicit learning on the proposed task's nature. Extending the initial serial reaction time task allowed us to conduct further studies that we also present in this thesis. The new protocol supports testing the efficiency of implicit learning in normal readers and dyslexics. Such testing shows evidence of a deficit in the implementation of implicit sequence learning tasks in dyslexic children. When children having a deficit in language acquisition are presented with the task of tracking linguistic targets, these tasks incur a high processing cost and a negative impact on their implicit learning abilities. These results are concordant with works that suggest certain specificities of implicit learning tasks
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Hamon, Bérengère Beaumont Catherine. "Etude des traitements phonologique et visuo-attentionnel chez des collégiens normo-lecteurs et dyslexiques." Tours : SCD de l'université de Tours, 2007. http://www.applis.univ-tours.fr/scd/Orthophonie/2007ortho_hamon.pdf.
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Caetano, Hugo Takeda. "Proteoma comparativo de mitocondria : uma analise de camundongo transgenico hipertrigliceridemico versus camundongo normo trigliceridemico." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314372.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Jose Camillo Novello<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T20:39:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: A proteômica tem-se tomado ao longo dos últimos anos uma área de estudo cada vez mais essencial para o melhor entendimento dos mecanismos efetores e regulatórios das células e suas interações em sistemas biológicos. Patologias de origem genética como a hipertrigliceridemia, que geralmente modificam o perfil lipídico com o aumento dos níveis de triglicérides e colesterol, estão fortemente relacionadas com diversas doenças cardiovasculares. Estudos com animais e humanos têm sido realizados em busca do entendimento dos mecanismos celulares e moleculares implicados nestas patologias para potenciais intervenções terapêuticas e preventivas. Estudos em camundongos geneticamente hipertrigliceridêmicos para super expressarem a apolipoproteína C-III humana demonstraram que elevadas concentrações plasmáticas de triglicérides e ácidos graxas livres constituem uma condição metabólica que altera a funcionalidade mitocondrial. Essas mudanças no controle respiratório das mitocôndrias transgênicas representam uma adaptação atribuída a diferenças estruturais ou funcionais das membranas internas da mitocôndria transgênica. Assim, foi feito o estudo comparativo do proteoma de mitocôndria obtido destes animais transgênicos hipertrigliceridêmicos com o proteoma de camundongos controles não transgênicos. Para tanto, após o isolamento das mitocôndrias normais e transgênicas, foram utilizadas técnicas de eletroforese bidimensional (2DE) e espectrometria de massas do tipo MALDI-ToF e Q-ToF para a identificação das proteínas diferencialmente expressas. Dentre elas foram identificadas as proteínas Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA sintase, Carbamoil-fosfato sintetase e Flavoproteína transferidora de elétrons. Estas e outras proteínas podem representar interessantes alvos moleculares para o estudo da funcionalidade mitocondrial, visando futuras aplicações clínicas para o tratamento de determinadas condições patológicas como a hipertrigliceridemia.<br>Abstract: Along the last years, Proteomics has become an area of study each more essential to the better understanding of the effective and regulatory mechanisms of the cells and their interactions inside biological systems. Pathologies of genetic origin like the hypertriglyceridemia, that usually modify the lipid profile with the increase in the triglycerides and cholesterol levels, are strongly related to various cardiovascular diseases. Studies with animals and humans have been made in search of the understanding of 0011 and molecular mechanisms implied in these pathologies for potential therapeutic and preventive interventions. Studies in genetically hypertriglyceridemic mice to over expressing the human apolipoprotein C-III showed that high plasmatic concentrations of triglycerides and free fatty acids constitute a metabolic condition that changes the mitochondrial functionality. These changes in the breathing control of the transgenic mitochondria represent an adaptation attributed to structural or functional differences on the inner membrane of transgenic mitochondria. This way, we made the comparative study of the mitochondrial proteome obtained from these hypertriglyceridemic transgenic animals with the proteome from non transgenic control mice. For such, after the isolation of the normal and transgenic mitochondria, we used two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) and MALDI-ToF and Q-ToF mass spectrometry techniques to identify the differentially expressed proteins. Among them we identified the proteins Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase and Electron transfer flavoprotein. These and other proteins can represent interesting molecular targets for the study of the mitochondrial functionality, aiming future clinical applications for the treatment of certain pathological conditions like hypertriglyceridemia.<br>Mestrado<br>Bioquimica<br>Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Nöller, Claudia [Verfasser]. "Klinisch-funktionelle Anatomie und computertomographische Darstellung der Nase bei normo- und brachyzephalen Katzen / Claudia Nöller." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1022460811/34.
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Maïonchi-Pino, Norbert Magnan Annie. "Le traitement syllabique chez l'enfant normo-lecteur et dyslexique rôle des caractéristiques linguistiques du français /." Lyon : Université Lumière Lyon 2, 2008. http://demeter.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2008/maionchi-pino_n.
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Meneses, Richard Rarison Cavalcante. "Análise do tamanho e capacidade antioxidante da lipoproteína HDL em indivíduos com normo ou hipoalfalipoproteinemia." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2017. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/24061.
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MENESES, R. R. C. Análise do tamanho e capacidade antioxidante da lipoproteína HDL em indivíduos com normo ou hipoalfalipoproteinemia. 2017. 61 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2017.<br>Submitted by ciências farmacêuticas pgcf (pgcf.ufc@gmail.com) on 2017-07-18T18:34:05Z
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Previous issue date: 2017-02-16<br>Reduced HDL-cholesterol is an independent cardiovascular risk factor, however, recent evidences show that size and functionality of HDL involves other characteristics of this lipoprotein. Furthermore, disturbed triglycerides (TG) metabolism are generally linked with low HDL-cholesterol, although the impact of this lipid on other components of HDL is not clear. So, the goal of this study was investigate the impact of TG levels on size and antioxidant capacity of HDL. From 130 subjects, 4 groups were composed according levels of HDL-c and TG: low HDL-c (<40 mg/dL) and low TG (<150 mg/dL) (G1), low HDL-c and high TG (>200 mg/dL) (G2), high HDL-c (>60 mg/dL) and low TG (G3) and high HDL-c and high TG (G4). Analyses of glucose, lipid profile, size of HDL and antioxidant capacity of HDL were performed by standard and validated methods. Anthropometric and body composition was evaluated. Results showed that, G1 (21%) and G2 (20%) groups showed increased smallest HDL than G3 group (10%; p=0.002), although of the similar LDL-c and total cholesterol. This profile exerted a negative impact in large HDL/small HDL ratio (G1=0.7; G2=0.4; G3=2.2; G4=1,0; p<0.001). Isolate hypertriglyceridemia showed negative effect on this ratio (G1=G2=G4 but <G3), but not in small HDL (G3; p=0.002). BMI (r=-0.444; p<0.001) and WC (r=-0.281; p=0.017) showed negative correlation with large HDL. Antioxidant capacity of HDL in G1 (80min) and G2 (77min) was lower than control (G3=86min). Surprisly, in subjects with high HDL the presence of hypertriglyceridemia was able to reduce antioxidant capacity of HDL. In conclusion, individuals with high BMI and WC values showed reduced size of HDL particles and the hypertriglyceridemia promote negative role in zise and antioxidant capacity of individuals independent of cholesterol present in HDL.<br>A redução da concentração de colesterol-HDL (hipoalfalipoproteinemia) é um fator de risco cardiovascular independente, porém, recentes evidências mostram que o tamanho e a funcionalidade da HDL são importantes fatores para entender o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares. Além disso, a modificação do metabolismo dos triglicerídeos (TG) está geralmente associada ao baixo c-HDL, embora o impacto desse lipídeo sobre outros componentes do HDL não esteja claro. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o tamanho e a capacidade antioxidante da HDL em indivíduos com normo ou hipoalfalipoproteinemia. A partir de 130 indivíduos, 4 grupos foram compostos de acordo com os níveis de c-HDL e TG: baixo c-HDL (<40 mg/dL) e baixo TG (<150 mg/dL) (G1), baixo c-HDL e TG elevado (> 200 mg/dL) (G2), c-HDL elevado (> 60 mg/dL) e baixo TG (G3) e c-HDL elevado e TG elevado (G4). As análises de glicose, perfil lipídico, tamanho de HDL e capacidade antioxidante de HDL foram realizadas por métodos padronizados e validados. A composição antropométrica e corporal dos indivíduos também foi avaliada. Os resultados mostraram que os grupos G1 (21%) e G2 (20%) apresentaram maior porcentagem de HDLs pequenas do que o G3 (10%; p = 0,002). Este perfil exerceu um impacto negativo na relação HDL grandes / HDL pequenas (G1 = 0,7, G2 = 0,4, G3 = 2,2, G4 = 1,0, p <0,001). A hipertrigliceridemia isolada mostrou efeito negativo nessa proporção (G1 = G2 = G4 mas <G3), mas não no HDL pequeno (G3; p = 0,002). O IMC (r = -0,444; p <0,001) e CC (r = -0,281; p = 0,017) apresentaram correlação negativa com HDL grandes. A capacidade antioxidante de HDL em G1 (80min) e G2 (77min) foi menor que o controle (G3 = 86min). Surpreendentemente, em indivíduos com HDL alto a presença de hipertrigliceridemia foi capaz de reduzir a capacidade antioxidante de HDL. Em conclusão, indivíduos com valores elevados de IMC e CC apresentam tamanho reduzido de partículas de HDL e a hipertrigliceridemia mostrou que promove papel negativo no tamanho, assim como a hipoalfalipoproteinemia, e na capacidade antioxidante da HDL.
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Gravé, Patrick. "De l'identité sociale et professionnelle : le cas de ceux que l'on nomme les formateurs d'adulte." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUEL328.
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Un véritable système de formation professionnelle continue est né en France voici plus de 25 ans, et il s'est développé au point que certains observateurs le considèrent comme un secteur économique à part entière. A l'intérieur, un groupe social, ceux que l'on nomme les formateurs d'adultes, voit ses effectifs croitre, mais reste mal connu. La question principale de cette recherche était de savoir s'il existait une identité sociale et professionnelle de ce groupe. La thèse comprend deux parties. La première partie est l'occasion de parcourir les travaux antérieurs qui traitent de l'identité professionnelle, et notamment les principales approches des formateurs et de leur formation. Le cadre théorique s'inspire explicitement de l'approche interdisciplinaire des formes identitaires selon C. Dubar, qui vise à dépasser l'opposition traditionnelle entre identité individuelle et identité collective. La deuxième partie éprouve ce modèle (complété de certaines dimensions) à la lumière des résultats d'une enquête réalisée auprès de 679 formateurs et de 83 organismes de formation en Basse-Normandie. La méthodologie associe des méthodes quantitatives et des interprétations qualitatives. L'analyse s'appuie sur le principe de la dualité de l'identité, à la fois identité pour autrui et identité pour soi. 1 l'analyse porte sur les organismes de formation dans lesquels s'insèrent les formateurs, sur les modes de gestion du personnel (identité proposée); puis sur les rôles intériorisés par les formateurs dans ces contextes (identité intériorisée); le compromis entre ces deux dimensions dévoile l'identité pour autrui (reconnaissance (ou non) d'une professionnalité). 2 le deuxième niveau explore l'identité pour soi à partir de typologies fondées sur la trajectoire biographique, la perception du rôle professionnel actuel et la façon d'envisager l'avenir. La combinatoire de ces deux niveaux révèle une pluralité d'identités professionnelles des formateurs.
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Duguay, Jean-Claude. "Développement et évaluation du logiciel "Guitakor" qui nomme et joue les accords de la guitare." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29386.
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Legendre, Clara. "Intelligibilité de la parole d'enfants sourds porteurs d'un implant cochléaire unilatéral et d'enfants normo-entendants." Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030051.
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Ce travail de recherche s’inscrit dans le domaine de la phonétique clinique et relève plus particulièrement de l’intelligibilité de la parole d’enfants sourds implantés cochléaires et d’enfants normo-entendants. L’intérêt de cette thèse réside dans la comparaison des productions d’enfants sourds implantés cochléaires et d’enfants normo-entendants, appariés en âge chronologique. Nous analysons des paramètres segmentaux et suprasegmentaux en production, tels que les voyelles du français standard et les consonnes fricatives /f, s, ʃ/, l’étude du débit de parole, l’intelligibilité de mots monosyllabiques auprès d’auditeurs naïfs, ou encore l’intelligibilité de la parole semi-spontanée. Nous nous intéressons également à la façon dont les productions des enfants implantés cochléaires sont perçues par un jury d’auditeurs naïfs (n=10 ; moyenne d’âge 37 ans). Le but premier de ce travail est de mettre en avant les différences ou similitudes majeures entre nos deux groupes en fonction de l’âge chronologique des enfants mais également en fonction du recul à l’implant, du suivi rééducatif et du mode de communication. Les enfants sourds porteurs d’un implant cochléaire présentent une qualité de la voix et de la parole comparable à celle d’enfants normo-entendants de même âge chronologique, mais non similaire puisque des différences acoustiques, segmentales et supra-segmentales ont été mises en avant. Il pourrait être intéressant d’étendre cette observation aux enfants implantés précocement<br>This research task falls under the field of clinical phonetics and more particularly raises of the intelligibility of the word of deaf children with cochlear implant and normal-hearing children. The interest of this thesis lies in the comparison of the productions of deaf children with cochlear implant and normal-hearing children, paired in chronological age. We analyze segmental and suprasegmental parameters in production, such as the vowels of standard French and the fricative consonants /f, S, ʃ/, the study of the speech rate of word, the comprehensibility of monosyllabic words with naive listeners, or still the comprehensibility of the semi-spontaneous word. We are also interested in the way in which the productions of the established children cochléaires are perceived by a jury of naive listeners (n=10; average age 37 years). The primary purpose of this work is to highlight the major differences or similarities between the two groups based on the chronological age of the children but also on the age back to the cochlear implant, the rehabilitative monitoring and communication mode. Deaf children with cochlear implants present a quality of the voice and word comparable with that of normal-hearing children of the same chronological age, but non similar age since differences acoustic, segmental and suprasegmental were put ahead. It might be interesting to extend this observation to early implanted children
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Avila, Alex. "THE BRONX COCKED BACK AND SMOKING MULTIFARIOUS PROSE PERFORMANCE." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/394.
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The Bronx Cocked Back And Smoking is a collection of multifarious prose performances recounting the historical, personal, social, political and cultural constructs of a city birthed by violence. This body of work is accompanied by video, audio, photography, and theatre performance texts. St. Mary’s Housing project, in the Bronx, is the foundation where most of this literary work takes place. The modern day Griot (storyteller) is a Poet, guiding his audience through the social inequalities and disparities that plague St. Mary’s community. The Poet shares personal traumatic insights while simultaneously utilizing writing as a form of survival to the conditions of the Bronx. This multi-platform performance highlights the metaphorical and physical concerns with the cycle of violence. This question is answered through the Poet’s choice by selecting the pen over the gun.
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Moreira, Marilia Francisco. "Sensibilidade adrenergica de atrios direitos isolados de ratos normo ou hiperlipidemicos sedentarios ou submetidos a natação." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314100.
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Previous issue date: 2005<br>Resumo: Lipídios provenientes da dieta têm um importante efeito no sistema de sinalização transmembrana presente nas células cardíacas. Um vez ingeridos em excesso ocorre aumento no conteúdo de colesterol na membrana da célula cardíaca o qual afeta a atividade da adelilil ciclase ligada ao receptor ß e conseqüentemente as respostas cronotrópicas e inotrópicas às catecolaminas causando arritmogênese. O objetivo desta tese foi analisar os efeitos de sessões de natação com o objetivo de prevenir os efeitos de dieta hiperlipídica sobre a sensibilidade de átrios direitos isolados a agonistas adrenérgicos. Ratos Wistar machos adultos foram usados após uma semana de adaptação em salas climatizadas 22±2ºC e com ciclo claro-escuro de 12 h (luzes acendendo as 6:30 da manhã). Os experimentos foram realizados de acordo com os princípios para utilização de animais em pesquisa e educação e adotado pelo COBEA (Colégio Brasileiro de Experimentação Animal). Os animais foram randomicamente divididos em dois grupos, sedentários (S) e que praticaram exercício (T). O exercício constou de sessões de natação na freqüência de 5 dias na semana com 50 minutos de duração durante 20 dias (4x5 dias) em tanque de água com temperatura de 34 ± 2oC. Estes dois grupos foram ainda subdivididos em 2 subgrupos, o que recebia ração padrão (N) e outro que recebia a dieta rica em lipídios (H). O átrio direito foi isolado e curvas cumulativas dose-resposta a noradrenalina (NA) e isoprenalina (ISO) foram obtidas, na ausência ou presença de inibição da recaptação neuronal e extraneuronal. Não houve alteração na freqüência cardíaca basal ou resposta máxima aos agonistas nos átrios isolados dos diferentes grupos experimentais (NS, NT, HS e HT). O programa de exercício físico proposto induziu em ratos que ingeriram dieta padrão uma subsensibilidade à noradrenalina e uma supersensibilidade a isoprenalina. Os átrios direitos isolados de ratos sedentários que ingeriram dieta rica em lipídios apresentaram, após quatro semanas, subsensibilidade a noradrenalina e nenhuma alteração na sensibilidade a isoprenalina. A associação da dieta rica em lipídios com o programa de exercício físico preveniu as alterações observadas tanto pela dieta hiperlipídica como pelo programa de exercício isoladamente. Os valores pD2 para NA foram: 7,44±0,09 (NS); 6,65±0,17* (HS); 6,52±0,25* (NT); 7,15±0,04**# (HT) e para ISO foram: 8,37±0,12 (NS); 8,52±0,10 (HS); 8,94±0,09* (NT); 8,55±0,08 (HT). Onde as diferenças significativas (p<0.05 ANOVA seguida de Tukey) foram indicadas como segue: * vs NS; ** vs NT, # vs HS. Este programa de exercício físico induziu alterações na resposta atrial semelhantes àquelas observadas no modelo de choques nas patas (três sessões diárias), ou seja, diminuição na resposta mediada pelos adrenoceptores ß1 (NA) e aumento na resposta mediada pelo adrenoceptor ß2 (ISO). A dieta hiperlipídica oferecida aos ratos durante 4 semanas induziu subsensibilidade a noradrenalina e esta resposta é provavelmente devida a alterações na membrana lipídica e alta atividade adrenérgica relatada neste modelo animal. O motivo da ausência de alterações cardíacas quando da associação dieta hiperlipídica e exercício físico precisa sem investigado<br>Abstract: Dietary lipids has an important effect on transmembrane signaling system in the heart increasing the cardiac membrane cholesterol content, which in time affect ß-adrenoceptor/adenylyl cyclase activity and the inotropic and chronotropic responses to catecholamines causing arrhytmogenesis.The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of swimming, to prevent the effects of high fat-CHO diet on the sensitivity to adrenergic agonists in rat isolated right atria. Adult male Wistar rats were used after one week of adaptation in acclimated room at 22±2ºC and 12h light-dark cycle (lights on at 6:30 a.m.). The experiments were carried out in accordance with the principles for the use of animals in research and education and adopted by COBEA (Brazilian College for Animal Experimentation). The animals were randomly divided into two groups, sedentary (S) and exercised (T) with a swimming sessions, 5 days a week (50 min. session) during 20 days (4x5 days) in a water glass tank with temperature at 34 ± 2oC. These two groups were divided into two subgroups; one of them fed a standard chow (N) and the other, a high fat-CHO diet (H). The atrium was isolated as described before and cumulative concentration-response curves to noradrenaline (NA) and isoprenaline (ISO) were obtained, in the absence or presence of inhibitors of neuronal and extraneuronal uptake. There was no alteration in the basal heart rate or maximal response to the agonists in isolated atria rats from different groups (NS, NT, HS and HT). The physical exercise program in rats fed with standard chow induced right atria subsensitivity to noradrenaline and supersensitivity to isoprenaline. Atria isolated from rats fed with high fat-CHO diet showed subsensitivity to noradrenaline and no alterations on the sensitivity to isoprenaline. Association of high fat-CHO diet and this physical exercise program prevented the alterations induced by the diet or the exercise values were: 7.44±0.09 (NS); 6.65±0.17* (HS); 6.52±0.25* (NT), 7.15±0.04**(HT) and ISO pDprograms alone. The NA pD2 # 2 values were: 8.37±0.12 (NS); 8.52±0.10 (HS); 8.94±0.09* (NT), 8.55±0.08 (HT). Significant differences (p<0.05 ANOVA plus Tukey test) were indicated as follows: *compared to the NS group, **compared to the NT group, #compared to the HS group. The uptake inhibition did not alter the responses obtained. This exercise program induced alterations in the right atria response similar to those induced by foot shock stress, it means, decrease on ß1-adrenoceptor mediated (NA) response and increase on ß2-adrenoceptor mediated (ISO) response. High fat-CHO diet offered during four weeks induced subsensitivity to noradrenaline, this response is probably due to alterations on the lipid membrane content and high adrenergic activity reported in this animal model. The absence of effects on atria response observed in rats submitted to high fat-CHO diet and exercise program needs to be investigated.<br>Mestrado<br>Fisiologia<br>Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Bontognali, Emanuele. "Einfluss einer kurzdauernden Verabreichung von Melatonin auf die Serumlipide und Lipoproteine bei Patienen mit Normo- und Hypercolesterinaemie /." [S.l : s.n.], 1988. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Estrela, Heder Frank Gianotto. "Reatividade vascular de aneis de aorta isolada de ratos normo ou hiperlipidemicos, sedentarios ou submetidos a natação." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314102.
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Orientadores: Dora Maria Grassi-Kassisse, Regina Celia Spadari<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T19:18:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2007<br>Resumo: Lipídios provenientes da dieta têm importante participação nas alterações vasculares observadas na síndrome plurimetabólica. O objetivo desta tese foi analisar a reatividade vascular de anéis de aorta com e sem endotélio isoladas de ratos normo ou hiperlipidêmicos, sedentários ou submetidos à natação. Ratos Wistar machos adultos foram usados após uma semana de adaptação em salas climatizadas 22±2ºC e com ciclo claro-escuro de 12 h (luzes acendendo as 6:30 da manhã). Os experimentos foram realizados de acordo com os princípios para utilização de animais em pesquisa e educação e adotados pelo COBEA (Colégio Brasileiro de Experimentação Animal). Os animais foram randomicamente distribuídos em dois grupos: sedentários (S) e que praticaram exercício físico (T). O exercício constou de sessões de natação na freqüência de 5 dias na semana com 50 minutos de duração durante 20 dias em tanque de água com temperatura de 34 ± 2oC. Estes dois grupos foram ainda subdivididos em 2 subgrupos, o que recebia ração padrão (N) e outro que recebia dieta rica em lipídios (H). Anéis de aorta com e sem endotélio foram isoladas e curvas cumulativas concentração-efeito à noradrenalina (NA), à acetilcolina (ACh) e ao nitroprussiato de sódio (SNP) foram obtidas, na ausência ou presença de L-NAME ou indometacina. Os ratos sedentários e tratados com dieta hiperlipídica (HS) apresentaram aumento das concentrações plasmáticas de triacilgliceróis, colesterol total e das frações LDL e VLDL, determinados ao final da quarta semana de tratamento. O protocolo de natação não induziu qualquer alteração no perfil lipídico dos ratos normolipidêmicos (NT vs NS). Entretanto este programa de atividade física impediu o aumento das concentrações plasmáticas de triacilgliceróis, colesterol total, e suas frações LDL e VLDL, induzidos pela dieta hiperlipídica. A remoção do endotélio promoveu aumento da resposta máxima (gf) e dos valores pD2 à noradrenalina em todos os grupos [2,13±0,18 e 7,19±0,14 (NScom) - 3,60±0,20* e 7,69±0,09* (NSsem); 1,46±0,14 e 7,31±0,09 (NTcom) - 3,14±0,10* e 7,86±0,10* (NTsem); 2,02±0,08 e 7,09±0,13 (HScom) - 3,52±0,10* e 7,89±0,06* (HSsem); 2,08±0,19 e 7,37±0,10 (HTcom) - 3,17±0,19* e 7,82±0,13* (HTsem). Estatisticamente diferente (p<0,05) em: * comparado aos anéis com endotélio (Teste t de student)]. A dieta hiperlipídica não promoveu alterações vasculares aos diferentes agonistas, em animais sedentários (NS vs HS). O programa de exercício físico proposto induziu redução da resposta máxima à noradrenalina e aumento da resposta máxima à acetilcolina em ratos normolipidêmicos (NS vs NT). A resposta máxima (%) e os valores pD2 à acetilcolina foram respectivamente: 61,87 ± 6,13 e 6,91 ± 0,06 (NS), 90,35 ± 3,15abc e 7,11 ± 0,08a (NT), 53,22 ± 2,80 e 6,78 ± 0,06 (HS); 69,70 ± 4,63 e 6,94 ± 0,11 (HT), a comparado ao grupo NS; b comparado ao grupo HS e c comparado ao grupo HT (p<0,05 ANOVA seguida de teste de Tukey). A associação da dieta hiperlipídica e a atividade física fez com que não fossem observadas redução da resposta máxima à noradrenalina e aumento da resposta à acetilcolina nos animais exercitados (NT vs HT). Estes efeitos induzidos pelas sessões de natação foram abolidos pela remoção do endotélio ou tratamento com L-NAME, indicando a participação do NO derivado do endotélio. Nenhuma alteração foi observada na curva concentração-efeito ao SNP nos diferentes grupos: 100% e 7,83 ± 0,11 (resposta máxima e valores pD2, respectivamente). Assim podemos sugerir que o programa de exercício físico proposto diminui a resposta vascular à noradrenalina e aumenta a resposta vasorelaxante à acetilcolina por aumento do NO derivado do endotélio, e que a dieta hiperlipídica embora não cause alterações vasculares nos animais sedentários, impede os efeitos benéficos do exercício<br>Abstract: Ingesting a lipid diet has an important effect on vasomotor changes found in metabolic syndrome. The aim of this work was to analyze the vascular reactivity on isolated aortic rings with or without endothelium from normo or hyperlipidemic rats, sedentary or submitted to swimming. Adult male Wistar rats were used after one week of adaptation in acclimated room at 22±2ºC and 12h light-dark cycle (lights on at 6:30 a.m.). The experiments were carried out in accordance to the principles for animals use in research and education and adopted by COBEA (Brazilian College for Animal Experimentation). The animals were randomly distributed into two groups, sedentary (S) and exercised (T) with swimming sessions, 5 days a week (50 min. session) for 20 days in a glass tank with water at 34 ± 2oC. These two groups were divided into two subgroups; one of them fed with a standard chow (N) and the other, a high fat-CHO diet (H). Aortic rings with or without endothelium were isolated and cumulative concentration-effect curves to noradrenaline (NA), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were obtained, in presence or absence of L-NAME or indomethacin. High fat-CHO diet ingestion during four weeks induced a significant increase in triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and, very low density lipoprotein plasma levels. The physical exercise program did not altered blood lipid levels in normolipidemic rats however avoided the increase in triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and, very low density lipoprotein blood levels induced by high fat-CHO diet. The absence of endothelium increased the maximum response (gf) and pD2 values to noradrenaline in all groups [2.13±0.18 e 7.19±0.14 (NSwith) ¿ 3.60±0.20* e 7.69±0.09* (NSwithout); 1.46±0.14 e 7.31±0.09 (NTwith) ¿ 3.14±0.10* e 7.86±0.10* (NTwithout); 2.02±0.08 e 7.09±0.13 (HSwith) ¿ 3.52±0.10* e 7.89±0.06* (HSwithout); 2.08±0.19 e 7.37±0.10 (HTwith) ¿ 3.17±0.19* e 7.82±0.13* (HTwithout). Statistically difference (p<0.05) in: * compared to rings with endothelium (student¿s t test)]. The high fat-CHO diet didn¿t promote any changes in the vasomotor response to any of the compounds, in sedentary rats (NS vs HS). The physical exercise program induced decrease of the maximum response to noradrenaline and increase of maximum response to acetylcholine in normolipidemic rats (NS vs NT). The maximum response (%) and pD2 values to acetylcholine were respectively: 61.87 ± 6.13 e 6.91 ± 0.06 (NS), 90.35 ± 3.15abc e 7.11 ± 0.08a (NT), 53.22 ± 2.80 e 6.78 ± 0.06 (HS); 69.70 ± 4.63 e 6.94 ± 0.11 (HT); a compared to NS group; b compared to HS group, and c compared to HT group (p<0.05 ANOVA, after by Tukey¿s test). The high fat-CHO diet avoided the decrease of maximum response to noradrenaline and increase to acetylcholine on exercised rats (NT vs HT). Those effects induced by the swimming program were prevented by the endothelium removal or tissue treatment with L-NAME, suggesting the participation of endothelium derived NO. No changes were observed in the concentration-effect curves to SNP in aorta of rats from any group: 100% e 7.83 ± 0.11 (maximum response and pD2 value, respectively). We suggest that the physical exercise program decreased vasomotor response to noradrenaline and increased the vasorelaxant response to acetylcholine by increasing of endothelium derived NO, and that the high fat-CHO diet avoids the benefit effects from physical exercise, although it doesn¿t cause vasomotor changes in sedentary rats<br>Mestrado<br>Fisiologia<br>Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Morris, Ray William. "Changes in CW-Doppler aortic blood flow responses with passive tilting in normo- and borderline hypertensive men." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44126.
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Continuous-wave (CW) Doppler echocardiographic responses to passive tilting were measured in 39 men using the following protocol: standing; supine; +20° head-up; supine; â 20° head-down. Twenty of the subjects were normotensive (NTN) and the rest were borderline hypertensive (B-HTN) according to prior medical diagnosis. Doppler recordings of blood flow for aortic peak velocity (Pkv), peak acceleration (PkA), and stroke velocity integral (SVI) were taken after 15 minutes in each posture. A skilled technician, using the measurement procedures recommended by the instrument manufacturer, positioned the handâ he1d probe at the supra-sternal notch during recording. For both NTN and Bâ HTN groups, Pkv and PkA were unaffected by the imposed postural changes. The SVI was significantly altered (P<0.05) by postural stress, with the NTN group generally showing greater changes than the Bâ HTNs. The standing-to-supine postural change was associated with the largest change in SVI: NTN = 8.0 to 10.7 cm (+34%) and B-HTN = 7.6 to 8.8 cm (+15%). These results were interpreted as follows (1) SVI appears to be sensitive to changes in ventricular pre-load, while PkA and Pkv are not; (2) SVI changes with passive tilting follow the patterns expected for change in ventricular stroke volume and; (3) attenuated SVI responses to postural tilting may suggest impairment in cardiovascular regulation peculiar to individuals at risk for hypertension.<br>Master of Science
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Fernández, Varas Diego. "Se dire et être nommé "indigène" : conflits autour des représentations sur les Muiscas/Mhuysqas de Cota, Colombie." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE2048.
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Les Muiscas du passé sont très présents dans l’imaginaire sur les peuples autochtones colombiens, leur traitement dans les lieux officiels de mémoire reproduit souvent un discours idéalisé, déjà présent dans les projets nationaux du XIXe siècle. L’historiographie colombienne donne une grande importance à la représentation des Muiscas préhispaniques et, partiellement, à ceux de la période coloniale. La connaissance sur le peuple Muisca est souvent ancrée dans une vision patrimoniale et passéiste de la présence indigène, en tant que composante d’une histoire commune mais éloignée de la vie quotidienne des communautés contemporaines. La prépondérance de l’image mythifiée du peuple Muisca du passé peut être comprise d’un point de vue historique par l’influence de l’indigénisme, du positivisme et de l’esprit nationaliste du XIXe siècle. Cette influence a contribué à la production de l’idée d’un « empire Muisca » ou d’une « civilisation chibcha » participant à la consolidation de l’imaginaire national colombien sur le socle d’une supposée continuité historique entre la nouvelle Nation et cet empire préhispanique. La force de ce récit se ressent encore aujourd’hui par la relégation des communautés Mhuysqas contemporaines habitant sur les anciens territoires de resguardo . Celles-ci cherchent une reconnaissance officielle et tentent de répondre aux exigences des normes en vigueur, tout en interrogeant la construction officielle de « l’indigène ». Cette recherche montre comment, depuis une vingtaine d’années, les Mhuysqas de Cota, dans le département de Cundinamarca, se tournent vers le passé pour y retrouver les vestiges de leurs ancêtres Muiscas et reconstruire, recréer ou réinterpréter une culture éclipsée, d'abord par l’imposition espagnole puis par la construction de l’Etat-Nation Colombien. Bien que leur présence continue sur le territoire se retrouve facilement dans de nombreux écrits publics, des écueils majeurs ont obstrué leur considération sociale et politique en tant que indigènes, participant à un climat de suspicion à l’encontre de ce peuple retrouvé.En outre, l’émergence de grandes organisations indigènes depuis les années soixante-dix, l’intégration des acteurs autochtones dans les institutions internationales ainsi que le renforcement d’un discours ethno-environnemental, ajoutent des niveaux de représentation à l’image de l’autochtonie. Dans ce sens, l’ethnographie proposée montre les manières dont la communauté s’inscrit, joue et se sert de cette multiplicité de représentations afin d’être légitimement reconnue comme groupe ethnique à part entière. Elle montre aussi, comment la communauté de Cota demeure, malgré tout, contrainte de reproduire les caractéristiques fantasmées mobilisées par ce nouveau contexte<br>The Musicas of the past are very present in the imaginary of the indigenous Colombian peoples, their treatment in official spaces of memory often reproduces an idealized discourse, already present in the national projects of the nineteenth century. Colombian historiography gives great importance to the representation of pre-Hispanic Muiscas and, in part, to those of the colonial period. Knowledge about the Muisca people is often rooted in a patrimonial and historical vision of the indigenous presence, as a component of a common history but far removed from the everyday life of contemporary communities. The preponderance of the mystified image of the Muisca people of the past can be understood from the historical point of view by the influence of indigenousism, positivism and the nationalist spirit of the nineteenth century. This influence contributed to the production of the idea of a “Muisca empire” or a “chibcha civilization”, participating in the consolidation of the national Colombian imagination on the basis of a supposed historical continuity between the new Nation and this pre-Hispanic empire. The strength of this narrative is still felt today by the relegation of contemporary Mhuysqa communities dwellering on the former territories of resguardo. These seek official recognition and try to meet the requirements of the standards in force, while questioning the official construction of the “indigenous”. This research shows how, for the last twenty years, the Mhuysqas of Cota, in the department of Cundinamarca, have turned to the past to find the vestiges of their ancestors Muiscas and reconstruct, recreate or reinterpret an eclipsed culture, first by the Spanish colonisation and then by the construction of the Colombian Nation-State. Although their continuous presence on the territory is easily found in number of public writings, major pitfalls have obstructed their social and political consideration as indigenous, participating to a climate of suspicion against this found people. In addition, the emergence of indigenous organisations since the 1970s, the integration of indigenous actors in the international institutions, and also the reinforcement of an ethno-environmental discourse, add levels of representations to the image of indigenousness. In this sense, the proposed ethnography shows the ways in which the community fits into, plays and uses this multiplicity of representations in order to be legitimately recognized as an ethnic group in its own right. It also shows how the Cota community remains, despite everything, forced to reproduce the fantasized characteristics mobilized by this new context<br>Los Muiscas del pasado están muy presentes en el imaginario sobre los pueblos indígenas colombianos, la manera como son tratados en los espacios oficiales de memoria reproduce, frecuentemente, un discurso idealizado, presente en los albores de los proyectos nacionales durante el siglo XIX. La historiografía colombiana da gran importancia a la representación de los Muiscas prehispánicos y, en cierta media, a aquella referente al periodo colonial. El conocimiento sobre el pueblo muisca se basa, en gran medida, en una visión patrimonial y paseista de la presencia indígena, parte integrante de la historia común, pero alejada de la vida cotidiana de las comunidades contemporáneas. La preponderancia de la imagen mistificada del pueblo Muisca del pasado, puede ser comprendida desde un punto de vista histórico a través de la influencia del indigenismo, del positivismo y del espíritu nacionalista del siglo XIX. Esta influencia contribuyó a la producción de la idea de « Imperio muisca » o de « Civilización chibcha » que participaron en la consolidación del imaginario nacional colombiano cimentado en la supuesta continuidad histórica entre la nueva Nación y este imperio prehispánico. La fuerza de este relato se puede sentir aún hoy a través de la relegación de las comunidades Mhuysqas contemporáneas que viven en los antiguos territorios de resguardo . Estas, buscan un reconocimiento oficial e intentan responder a las exigencias normativas en vigor, cuestionando, a pesar de todo, la construcción oficial de lo indígena. Esta investigación muestra cómo, desde hace más de dos décadas, los Mhuysqas de Cota, Cundinamarca, se tornan hacia su pasado buscando los vestigios de sus ancestros para reconstruir, recrear o reinterpretar una cultura ocultada, primero por la colonización y luego por la construcción del Estado Nación colombiano. Aunque su presencia continua en sus territorios pueda ser atestada fácilmente a través de numerosos documentos públicos, grandes obstáculos impiden que sean considerados social y políticamente como indígenas, lo que participa a la instalación de un clima de suspicacia contra este pueblo re-descubierto.Si a esto se añade la emergencia de las grandes organizaciones indígenas desde los años setenta, la integración de actores autóctonos en las instituciones internacionales o aún la influencia de los discursos etnoecológicos, los niveles de representación de la imagen de la autoctonía se multiplican. En este sentido, la etnografía que proponemos muestra las diversas maneras que la comunidad utiliza para inscribirse, jugar y se servir de esta multiplicidad de representaciones para ser, finalmente, legítimamente reconocida como grupo étnico. Se muestra también, cómo la comunidad de Cota se ve obligada, a pesar de todo, a reproducir las características idealizadas que dominan en este nuevo contexto
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Cougnoux, Géraldine. "Un pays nommé désirs : définition et étude du concept de désir de citoyenneté dans le Canada contemporain." Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040083.
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La diversité ethnoculturelle est une réalité incontournable dans les démocraties occidentales. Les effets de cette nouvelle diversité sur la citoyenneté et les identités nationales posent question : l’adaptation des institutions et des sociétés à l’évolution de cette diversité provoque des débats intenses, et parfois violence et exclusion. Le Canada présente un cas particulièrement intéressant à cause de la complexité de sa diversité d’une part, et de son apparent succès dans la gestion des relations entre majorité et minorités, d’autre part. La diversité canadienne est particulière, même si elle n’est pas unique, puisqu’elle est à la fois multiculturelle et plurinationale. Cette diversité complexe donne lieu à ce qui est appelé dans la thèse de « Grandes inquiétudes », liées principalement au mouvement séparatiste québécois, au nationalisme autochtone et aux tensions émanant des différences culturelles avec les minorités issues de l’immigration. On postule que ces Grandes inquiétudes sont le résultat de tensions entre peur de la fragmentation d’un côté et « désirs de citoyenneté » de l’autre. Plutôt que d’envisager la problématique de la diversité sous l’angle des politiques purement identitaires ou du conflit social, la thèse propose d’envisager que les revendications minoritaires à l’égard de la société et des institutions canadiennes, qui paraissent être dirigées contre cette dernière, sont en fait l’expression d’un désir de citoyenneté, c’est-à-dire d’un désir de participer pleinement à la vie de la sociale et politique canadienne et de contribuer au projet canadien. Dans le droit fil de l’interdisciplinarité qui caractérise le champ des Études canadiennes, la thèse propose une définition du concept transdisciplinaire de « Désir de citoyenneté » et son analyse, fondée sur 11 entrevues avec des Canadiens issus des trois grands groupes minoritaires et sur les outils d’analyse puisés dans la philosophie politique, la psychologie sociale et les études post-coloniales. En adoptant une démarche inductive, ce travail espère apporter un élément constructif au débat sur la diversité et la citoyenneté canadienne, en partant de l’observation et de l’analyse de sources primaires afin de donner une définition heuristique du concept de désir de citoyenneté. A la lumière de cette analyse, la thèse propose les conclusions suivantes : le discours séparatiste et la tension politique qui a accompagné son émergence sur la scène politique au Canada a eu pour effet de masquer le désir d’une majorité de Québécois, pour qui une forte identité québécoise et des mesures d’exception pour le Québec ne sont pas incompatibles avec une appartenance fédérale et une identité en partie canadienne. L’enjeu réel du désir de citoyenneté autochtone et des inquiétudes qu’il suscite est la finalisation de la décolonisation, soit une redéfinition de l’espace autochtone au sein du Canada, tant sur le plan territorial et politique que symbolique, et non la séparation ni le rejet. Les revendications des minorités issues de l’immigration sont avant tout l’expression d’un désir d’intégration, qui implique la possibilité de la réalisation de soi. L’analyse de chacune des Grandes inquiétudes canadiennes permet de confirmer en partie qu’elles émanent toutes trois d’une tension entre un désir d’autoréalisation et un désir de statu quo, ou entre un désir de changement et un désir de stabilité. Le désir de citoyenneté est donc un concept à la charnière des différentes théories de la citoyenneté, qui les rappelle à un fondement commun : le désir. Il réintroduit la possibilité de prendre en compte la complexité de l’expérience humaine dans la formulation de principes du vivre-ensemble par les démocraties libérales. Le concept de désir de citoyenneté pourrait contribuer à ce que l’exercice politique reste, ou redevienne, une forme d’humanisme<br>Ethno-cultural diversity has become the social and political reality of Western democracies. The effects of that diversity on the idea of citizenship and national identity raises new questions: as institutions struggle to adapt to its new circumstances, debates, tensions, and sometimes violence arise. Canada constitutes a particularly interesting case study because of its complex diversity on the one hand and because of its apparent success in dealing with the tensions between majority and minorities on the other hand. Diversity in Canada is twofold, as it is both multicultural and plurinational. It gives rise to what is called in this work the “grand Canadian preoccupations” linked to Québec separatism, Native nationalism and ethno-cultural diversity. This thesis contends that these Grand preoccupations are the result of a conflict between a fear of fragmentation in the majority and a desire for citizenship amongst minorities, that is to say a desire to be included into the Canadian project. In order to define and analyze the concept of desire for citizenship, this work uses analytical tools developed in political philosophy, social psychology and post-colonial studies, as well as 11 interviews with Canadian participants. Through an inductive approach, the concept of desire for citizenship is asserted as a useful theoretical tool to take into account the complexity of human desire in the study of diversity and citizenship
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Nunes, Valeria Wolf. "Efeito do tratamento com infuso de Croton cajucara Benth EM ratos wistar jovens e adultos normo- ou hiperlidemicos." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314624.
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Orientadores: Regina Celia Spadari-Bratfisch, Dora Maria Grassi-Kassisse<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T13:06:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Nunes_ValeriaWolf_D.pdf: 5330781 bytes, checksum: 2f1d82b98d0fd47bed510e698d373426 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2004<br>Resumo: O infuso preparado das cascas de Croton cajucara é usado na medicina popular para o tratamento de dislipidemias, hiperglicemia, desordens gastrointestinais e hepáticas e também como terapia auxiliar em regimes de emagrecimento. Ausência de ganho de peso foi observada em ratos adultos normolipidêmicos tratados com infuso na concentração de 5%; além de reduções significativas nas concentrações plasmáticas de colesterol total e glicose. Em adipócitos isolados destes animais a lipólise basal não foi alterada, mas houve aumento na resposta lipolítica a agonistas não seletivos b-adrenérgicos (isoprenalina e adrenalina). Este efeito sugere aumento do papel da adrenalina como estimulador endógeno da lipólise, o que poderia contribuir para a ausência de ganho de peso. Aumento na sensibilidade à adrenalina foi também observado em adipócitos de ratos jovens tratados com infuso na concentração de 10%. Porém, este efeito não pode ser correlacionado a alterações no peso corporal, provavelmente porque os ratos ainda se encontravam em fase de crescimento. A administração de dieta hiperlipídica a ratos jovens não alterou o peso corporal, embora a ingesta alimentar e calórica desde grupo de ratos tenha sido significativamente inferior àquela apresentada pelo grupo normolipidêmico. O tratamento com infuso a 10% acentuou significativamente a diminuição na ingesta. Ratos alimentados com dieta hiperlipídica apresentaram aumento significativo no peso do fígado e dos panículos adiposos epididimal e peri-renal; o tratamento com o infuso a 10% não alterou este quadro. Em adipócitos de ratos hiperlipidêmicos comparados a adipócitos de ratos normolipidêmicos observamos: menor lipólise basal e maior sensibilidade à isoprenalina e à adrenalina, com redução de resposta máxima à isoprenalina e noradrenalina. O tratamento com infuso a 10% não modificou nenhum dos efeitos da dieta sobre a lipólise, exceto a resposta máxima à adrenalina que foi recuperada. Nós concluímos que o efeito da dieta sobre a redução da lipólise basal pode estar contribuindo de maneira importante para o aumento do peso no panículo adiposo epididimal dos ratos. Ao final do tratamento com a dieta hiperlipipídica os ratos apresentaram aumento significativo nas concentrações séricas de colesterol total, LDL, VLDL, triacilgliceróis e insulina. O tratamento com o infuso a 10% não alterou este perfil sérico. O índice aterogênico, significativamente elevado em ratos hiperlipidêmicos, permaneceu inalterado em ratos hiperlipidêmicos tratados com o infuso a 10%. Ratos jovens hiperlipidêmicos apresentaram esteatose hepática com ou sem o tratamento com o infuso a 10%. A esteatose hepática pode, de alguma forma, estar contribuindo para a ausência dos efeitos do tratamento do infuso a ratos hiperlipidêmicos. Nós concluímos que os efeitos do infuso de Croton cajucara Benth, dependem da idade/peso dos ratos e da integridade do tecido hepático<br>Abstract: The infuse prepared with the barks of Croton cajucara is used in folk medicine for treatment of dyslipidemias, hypertrigliceridemia, hepatic and gastrointestinal disorders as well as adjuvant in weight-loss program. Adult normolipidemic rats treated with 5% infuse of C. cajucara showed no weight gain and significant reduction in the total cholesterol and glucose plasma levels. Basal lipolysis was not altered in adipocytes isolated from rats treated with infuse but adipose cells were supersensitive to isoprenaline and adrenaline. This effect suggests an increased role played by adrenaline stimulating lipolysis and avoiding weight gain. Supersensitivity to adrenaline was also observed in adipocytes from young rats treated with 10% C. cajucara infuse, although rats showed normal weight gain as opposed to adult rats. Young rats fed with a high-fat diet reduced the amount of food and caloric intake with no alteration on body weight gain. Treatment with 10% C. cajucara infuse additionally reduced food intake. The high-fat diet also induced significant increase in the weight of the liver, epididymal and peri-renal adipose depots. In adipocytes from hyperlipidemic rats compared to normolipidemic rats, the basal lipolysis and maximum responses to isoprenaline and adrenaline were decreased but the sensitivity to these agonists was increased. Adipocytes from hyperlipidemic rats treated with C. cajucara infuse did not change any of these parameters except for the maximum response to adrenaline that was recovered. Those results suggest that in rats feeding hyperlipidemic diet the reduced basal and maximum lipolysis may contribute to the epididymal adipose tissue depot weight increase. The hyperlidemic diet also induced significant increase in the total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL, triacylglycerol and insulin seric levels. This effect was not modified by the infuse treatment. The atherogenic index, significantly higher in hyperlipidemic rats remained unaltered after infuse treatment. The liver steatosis may contribute to the absence of the infuse effects in hyperlipidemic rats. We conclude that the effect of the infuse of C. cajucara Benth. depend on the rats age and/or weight as well as the hepatic tissue integrity<br>Doutorado<br>Fisiologia<br>Doutor em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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GONTIKAKIS, CONSTANTIN. "Mise au point d'un outil d'operations, d'analyse et d'archivage de donnees nomme medoc (multi experiments data operation center)." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112506.
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La mission soho (solar and heliospheric observatory) lancee le 2 decembre 1995, destinee a l'etude du soleil a partir de l'espace, a emporte a son bord 5 instruments pour l'etude de l'atmosphere solaire. Afin de tirer le meilleur profit de l'ensemble des instruments embarques mais aussi des observations au sol, des operations coordonnees ont ete prevues. Pour cela, deux centres de coordinations des observations ont ete crees, un aux etats unis (eof experimenters operations facility) et un en europe (medoc multi experiment data operation center). Medoc, outre ses fonctions de coordination, permet aux scientifiques d'analyser les donnees et constitue un centre d'archivage. Dans ce cadre, mon travail a consiste a gerer l'interface avec les pis (principaux investigateurs) des instruments, utilisateurs privilegies de medoc. La gestion de cette interface a apporte de nombreuses informations pour le developpement de medoc, notamment en ce qui concerne le volume des donnees quotidiennes, le niveaux des donnees, l'echange de donnees entre les instruments, chose utile pour la planification des operations etc. Un exemple de phenomene solaire sur lequel se font des campagnes d'observations sont les protuberances eruptives. La modelisation et l'observation de ces structures constituent le deuxieme volet de ma these. Nous avons etudie l'effet des champs de vitesses sur le transfert du rayonnement emis par les protuberances eruptives. Nos calculs montrent que les raies lyman alpha et lyman beta de l'hydrogene presentent des profils asymetriques quand la vitesse de la structure augmente. Nous avons profite de soho pour observer les protuberances a partir de l'eof (et prochainement a partir de medoc)
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Tossonian, Méghane. "Les règles phonologiques universelles : comment contribuent-elles aux stratégies de lecture chez les adultes normo-lecteurs et illettrés ?" Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAL025.
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L’activité de lecture est une étape essentielle dans le développement socio-cognitif des enfants. Cette étape peut être source de difficultés. Cependant, si la majorité des apprenants parviendront à surmonter ces difficultés, certains ressortiront du système scolaire sans avoir acquis les compétences et maîtrises de base (i.e., lecture, écriture, etc). En effet, actuellement en France, 7 à 10 % de la population est concernée par l’illettrisme. Déclarée grande cause nationale en 2013, l’illettrisme reste néanmoins actuellement un sujet tabou et qui n’a pas connu le même engouement de recherches que les autres troubles de la lecture. L’hypothèse avancée par le peu de données disponibles est que ces personnes souffriraient d’un déficit phonologique. Cependant, ce qui sous-tend ce déficit phonologique est loin d’être limpide. La plupart des études conduites en langue française se sont attachées à décrire le rôle d’éléments spécifiques à cette langue comme facteurs explicatifs des difficultés observées. Malheureusement, une telle approche semble insuffisante car elle n’a pas réussi à expliquer précisément leurs difficultés de lecture. Une approche alternative basée sur des principes linguistiques universels (en particulier la grammaire phonologique universelles ; GPU) semble être plus pertinente pour cerner la nature et l’origine de telles difficultés. En effet, la sensibilité à la GPU a déjà été mise en évidence dans de nombreuses langues, y compris le français (anglais, coréen, russe, etc.) et semble orienter les stratégies de segmentation et influencer les schémas phonologiques d’experts-lecteurs et de personnes présentant des déficits phonologiques (i.e., dyslexie, aphasie). Ainsi, mes travaux de thèse avaient pour but d’identifier le rôle et la contribution de la GPU sur les stratégies de segmentations syllabiques, chez des lecteurs experts possédant des connaissances phonologiques robustes et automatiques, ainsi que chez des personnes illettrées<br>Reading acquisition is an essential stage of children’s socio-cognitive development. However, some face difficulties in learning to read. Although most of them would overcome these reading difficulties, some fail to acquire normal reading skills in particular since they will quit the school system without having acquired basic knowledge and skills (i.e., reading, writing, etc.). To date, functional illiteracy is a social and public health issue. It concerns from 7-to-10% of the French population, but it remains a taboo topic and scientific research dedicated to this is still rare. A main hypothesis in the scientific literature argues that functional illiteracy ensues from a phonological deficit. However, the causes of this deficit remain unclear. Most of the studies about functional illiteracy conducted in French language aimed at studying the role of French language-specific features. Unfortunately, such approach seems to be insufficient since it failed to precisely account for their reading difficulties. Alternative approaches rooting in universal linguistic principles (in, particular the universal phonological grammar; UPG) seem to be relevant to pinpoint the nature and the origin of such difficulties. In fact, sensitivity to UPG has already been evidenced in many languages including French (e.g., English, Korean, Russian, etc.) and appears to drive the segmentation strategies and influence the phonological patterns of skilled readers but also in people presenting phonological deficits. Thus, my PhD work was directed to identify the role and the contribution of UPG on the syllable segmentation strategies, in skilled readers who have automatized the reading activity, and also in functional illiterate people
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Gnansia, Dan. "Intelligibilité dans le bruit et démasquage de la parole chez les sujets normo-entendants, malentendants et implantés cochléaires." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066052.
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Chez les auditeurs entendants, l’intelligibilité de la parole dans le bruit est substantiellement améliorée lorsque le bruit de fond présente des fluctuations spectro-temporelles. Cette capacité de « démasquage de la parole » est très utile en condition réelle d’écoute car elle assure une grande résistance face aux bruits environnants. Chez les personnes souffrant de pertes auditives neurosensorielles, ce phénomène est très affaibli. L’objet de cette thèse est de préciser les mécanismes d’écoute dans les vallées du bruit et de reconstruction de messages vocaux incomplets impliqués dans le démasquage, à l’aide d’expériences psychoacoustiques d identification de signaux de parole masqués et dégradés. Les résultats indiquent notamment que les indices spectraux et de structure temporelle fine dans chaque bande de fréquence s’avèrent nécessaires pour mettre en œuvre efficacement ces mécanismes, et que la réduction du démasquage causée par des lésions cochléaires résulte d’une mauvaise réception de ces indices Une application clinique de dépistage et d’évaluation de la surdité cochléaire est enfin proposée sous la forme d’un test d’audiométrie vocale
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Lozano, Ramos S. Inés. "Perfil transcriptómico y proteómico de las vesículas extracelulares de orina: diferencias entre donante renal y paciente trasplantado normo-funcional." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/665876.
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El trasplante renal (TR) es la mejor aproximación terapéutica para la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) en estado terminal. Sin embargo, en la práctica clínica, la monitorización de la función renal se realiza, principalmente, mediante métodos indirectos. Respecto a los métodos directos, la biopsia renal (BR) es el método de referencia en el diagnóstico de la mayoría de patologías renales, incluyendo la disfunción del injerto renal. No obstante, esta técnica es invasiva, de limitada repetitividad y, a menudo, describe un daño ya irreversible.
En cambio, la orina es un biofluido de fácil acceso y, prácticamente, de nula invasividad. Por lo tanto, la información contenida en este fluido, y en concreto en las vesículas extracelulares de orina (oVEs), es una potencial fuente de nuevos biomarcadores de patología renal. Actualmente existen diversos métodos de aislamiento de oVEs, aunque la mayoría de ellos obtienen una mezcla compleja de proteínas, lipoproteínas y restos celulares que podrían enmascarar biomarcadores relevantes. Por este motivo, el primer objetivo de la presente tesis es evaluar la cromatografía de exclusión por tamaño (SEC) como método de aislamiento de oVEs.
Nuestros resultados demuestran que la ultrafiltración de la orina seguida de SEC es una opción adecuada para aislar oVEs, ya que reduce considerablemente la presencia de contaminantes solubles. Esta metodología permite un análisis más preciso de los biomarcadores asociados a oVEs mediante las aproximaciones ómicas.
El segundo objetivo de la presente tesis es caracterizar el perfil de las oVEs de donantes vivos (DV) y donantes cadáver (DC), y compararlo con pacientes trasplantados normo-funcionales (FRN), con el fin de averiguar si la terapia farmacológica afecta al riñón y, en consecuencia, a la composición de las oVEs. Los resultados de secuenciación masiva mostraron que el miR-326 estaba significativamente sobrerrepresentado en DV, mientras que el miR-7706 solamente se detectó en FRN. Estos miRNAs se relacionan con la apoptosis y la supervivencia celular, respectivamente. Por otra parte, se identificaron 70 proteínas sobre-expresadas en los DV respecto a los FRN. La mayoría de estas proteínas estaban relacionadas con el metabolismo celular. Estas diferencias pueden ser debidas al tratamiento inmunosupresor de los FRN. En resumen, en este estudio piloto hemos descrito que el perfil transcriptómico y proteómico de los DV, DC y FRN es diferente, aunque estas diferencias parecen no tener un impacto significativo en la función del injerto a corto plazo (1 año). En general, los resultados y el perfil diferencial de proteínas y miRNAs entre los donantes de órganos y los FRN sugieren que en futuros estudios comparativos en pacientes post-TR, las oVEs del paciente FRN son el grupo control apropiado en lugar de las oVEs de los donantes.
Finalmente, hemos analizado el patrón de glicosilación de las oVEs entre donantes y pacientes post-TR con disfunción del injerto. Que sepamos, esta es la primera descripción de la presencia de fucosas en las oVEs. Adicionalmente, hemos descrito algunas diferencias en los ensayos de unión a lectinas entre donantes y pacientes. Estos hallazgos deben ser confirmados en futuros estudios.<br>Kidney transplantation (KT) is the best therapeutic approach for chronic kidney diseases (CKD) leading to an irreversible kidney failure. However, the follow-up of kidney function is still delicate. Renal biopsy is the gold-standard procedure to diagnose most of renal pathologies, including graft dysfunctions after KT. However, this invasive method is of limited repeatability and often describes an irreversible renal damage.
Conversely, urine is an easily accessible, minimally invasive fluid. Thus, the information contained in this fluid, and particularly in urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs), may be a potential source to unravel new biomarkers associated with renal pathologies. Nowadays, several methods have been described to enrich uEVs, although most of them render a mixture of proteins, lipoproteins and cell debris that may be masking relevant biomarkers. Therefore, the first aim of the present thesis is to evaluate size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) as a suitable method to isolate uEVs.
Our results demonstrated that urine ultrafiltration followed by SEC is a suitable option to isolate uEVs, considerably reducing the presence of soluble contaminants. This methodology could permit more accurate analyses of EV-related biomarkers when further characterized by -omics technologies compared with other approaches.
The second aim of the thesis is to investigate whether uEV profiling can differentiate the state of the kidney of living donors (LD) from deceased donors (DD) and compared to normo-functional patients after KT (NFP). This end would be of interest to elucidate if the drug therapy administrated affects the kidneys and, ultimately, their uEVs composition. Among other differences, next generation sequencing revealed that miR-326 was found significantly over-represented in LD, and miR-7706 was found only present in NFP, which are related with apoptosis and cell survival, respectively. Moreover, 70 proteins were differentially over-expressed in LD compared to NFP. Of note, the majority of these proteins were related with cell metabolism, which could be related to the immunosuppressive therapy of NFP. To summarize, in this pilot study we found that RNA and protein profile are substantially different between LD, DD and NFP, although these differences did not have a significant impact in short term renal function (one year). Overall, the results and differential profile of protein and miRNAs described in this thesis between kidney donors and NFPs suggest that in future comparative studies in post-KT patients uEVs from NFPs are the appropriate control rather than uEVs from LDs.
Finally, we have analysed the glycosylation pattern of uVEs of donors (LD and DD) and post-KT patients showing graft dysfunction. For what we think is the first time, we have described the presence of fucoses in the uVEs. Moreover, despite the reduced cohort of this pilot study, we describe some differences in the lectin-binding assays between donors and patients. Yet, these findings must be confirmed in further studies.
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Schmidt, Simone Bianca [Verfasser]. "Effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on gene expression profiles of normo- and dyslipidemic men / Simone Bianca Schmidt." Hannover : Technische Informationsbibliothek und Universitätsbibliothek Hannover (TIB), 2012. http://d-nb.info/1027554709/34.
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Devilliers, Elise. "Lecture et identification des mots selon les matières comparaison de deux profils d'enfants (enfants dyslexiques et enfants normo-lecteurs) /." Nancy : Université Henri-Poincaré, 2009. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_MORT_2009_DEVILLIERS_ELISE.pdf.
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Gonçalves, Estela Maria. "Efeito da polpa de laranja sobre o crescimento e a gestação em ratas alimentadas com dietas normo e hipoproteicas." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314572.
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Previous issue date: 1996<br>Resumo: As fibras alimentares podem diminuir a digestão e a absorção de nutrientes e influenciar negativamente sua utilização, dependendo de sua fonte e características físico-químicas. Nos países em desenvolvimento, a população consumidora de grande quantidade de fibra é, geralmente, a mesma que apresenta deficiências nutricionais. Dessa forma, um alto consumo de fibra, aliado à desnutrição, pode dificultar a satisfação das necessidades nutricionais, especialmente em situações de alta demanda energética. Assim, fatores como crescimento, gestação precoce, desnutrição e alto consumo de fibra podem, associados ou não, colocar em risco o desenvolvimento infantil, materno e fetal. Por outro lado, a necessidade de adequação nutricional em condições de desnutrição, abre caminho para o estudo dos efeitos do consumo de fontes alimentares não convencionais em indivíduos nutricionalmente carentes. A polpa de laranja, subproduto da produção de suco, é uma fonte não purificada de fibra alimentar (71,1 % de fibra total) que contém, também, proteína (10,7%), gordura (1,2%) e carboidrato (9,9%). Ratas Wistar de 21 dias foram distribuídas em grupos alimentados com as seguintes dietas: normoprotéicas - 25% de proteína sem (N) ou com (NF) a adição de 20% da polpa de laranja; hipoprotéicas - 6% de proteína sem (H) ou com (HF) a adição de 20% da polpa de laranja. Durante o período pré-puberal, no grupo HF observou-se tendência de maior ganho de peso corporal, em relação ao grupo H. O primeiro ciclo estral foi observado aos 84,6 + 5,4 dias de idade (grupo H), 75,1 + 6,0 dias de idade (grupo HF), e aos 45 dias de idade nos grupos N e NF. Verificou-se redução significativa da taxa de mortalidade no grupo HF (9,8%) em relação ao grupo H (59,2%), nesse período. Após o primeiro ciclo estral, as ratas foram acasaladas e mantidas em gaiolas metabólicas até o sacrifício no 19° dia de gestação. As ratas que engravidaram formaram os grupos G. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos com relação à glicemia, proteínas totais plasmáticas e peso fetal. Verificou-se que as ratas normais grávidas e não grávidas que não receberam a polpa de laranja (grupos N e NG), apresentaram maior ganho de peso e maior eficiência alimentar em relação às demais (grupos H, HF, HFG, NF e NFG). As ratas desnutridas (grupos H, HF e HFG), apresentaram ingestão alimentar e hídrica menores que as ratas normais (grupos N, NG, NF e NFG). As ratas que receberam a polpa de laranja na dieta (grupos HF, HFG, NF e NFG), apresentaram pesos relativos do estômago+conteúdo gástrico e do ceco+cólon maiores, em relação aos grupos H, N e NG. A incidência de gravidez e o tamanho das ninhadas foram menores no grupo NFG em relação ao grupo NG. Não foi observada gestação no grupo HG. A percentagem de fetos reabsorvidos foi maior no grupo HFG, em relação ao grupo NG. A polpa de laranja, devido à sua composição química, proporcionou aumento do teor protéico da dieta possibilitando, nas ratas desnutridas, tendência de maior ganho de peso corporal no período pré-puberal, menor taxa de mortalidade, menor atraso no início da puberdade e presença de gravidez. Por outro lado, a ingestão da polpa de laranja pode ter comprometido a biodisponibilidade e a utilização dos nutrientes da dieta nas ratas normais, face às reduções do ganho de peso no período pós-puberal, do coeficiente de eficiência alimentar, da incidência de gravidez e do tamanho das ninhadas, observadas nesses animais<br>Abstract: Dietary fiber may decrease digestion and absorption of nutrients and nutrient availability, depending on its source and physico-chemical characteristics. In developing countries, people that ingest diets rich in fiber, usually, also exhibit nutritional deficiencies. Consequently, high consumption of foods rich in dietary fiber, associated to malnutrition, may difficultate the satisfaction of nutritional requeriments, especially in situations of high energetic demand. Thus, factors such growth, adolescent pregnancy, malnutrition and high consumption of fiber may, either associated or not, to put in risk infantile, maternal and fetal developments. On the other hand, the need of nutritional adequation in these cases, provides guidelines for study of the effects of consumption of nonconventional dietary sources by subjects nutricionally depleted. Orange pulp, a byproduct of orange juice industry, is a non-purified source of dietary fiber (71,1 % of total dietary fiber) wich also contains protein (10,7%), fat (1 ,2%) and carbohydrate (9,9%). Wistar female rats (21 days of age) were distributed in groups receiving the following diets: normoproteicals - 25% of protein without (N) or with (NF) the addition of 20% of orange pulp; hipoproteicals - 6% of protein without (H) or with (HF) the addition of 20% of orange pulp. During prepubertal period, body weight gain tended to be higher in HF group, comparing to H group. Onset of puberty occured at 84,6 + 5,4 days of age (H group), 75,1 + 6,0 days of age (HF group) and 45 days to age (N and NF groups). Significative reduction of mortality was observed in HF group (9,8%) when compared to H group (59,2%), in these period. After onset of puberty, rats were mated and kept in metabolical cages until sacrifice on 19° day of pregnancy. Pregnant rats composed G groups. Plasmatic glucose, total plamatic proteins and fetal weight were not different among groups. Body weight gain and feed efficiency was higher in N and NG groups than H, HF, HFG, NF and NFG groups. Undernourished females (H, HF and HFG groups) showed lower feed consumption and water ingestion than well-nourished females (N, NG, NF and NFG groups). Rats wich received orange pulp (HF, HFG, NF and NFG groups) presented higher relative weights of fuIl stomach and cecum+colon than groups without orange pulp (H, N and NG). Incidence of pregnancy and offsprings were smaller in NFG group than NG group. Occurence of gestation was 0% in HG group. Fetal reabsorption was higher in HFG group than NG group. Orange pulp, due it chemical composition, could provide increase of proteic level of diet to make possible, in undernourished rats, tendency of higher body weight gain during prepubertal period, reduced mortality, less delay on onset of puberty, and occurence of pregnancy. On the other hand, after onset of puberty, it could decrease nutrient availability in well-nourished females, because the lower body weigth gain during pos-pubertal period, reduction of feed efficiency, less incidence of pregnancy and smaller offsprings observed in these rats<br>Mestrado<br>Fisiologia<br>Mestre em Ciências Biológicas
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Arieta, Aline de Moraes 1981. "Teste de percepção da fala HINT-Brasil, em normo-ouvintes e usuarios de aparelhos auditivos : atenção a saude auditiva." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309219.
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Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: O HINT - Brasil (Hearing in Noise Test, versão em português do Brasil) é um teste de reconhecimento de fala em ruído, que simula situações auditivas assemelhadas às do dia-a- dia. Acrescentado à rotina audiológica nacional, constitui uma importante ferramenta diagnóstica, para avaliar as incapacidades auditivas de portadores de disacusias sensorioneurais em frequências altas, de grande prevalência em nosso meio. A pesquisa objetiva avaliar o desempenho do teste, com e sem ruído competidor, em normo-ouvintes e usuários de aparelhos de amplificação sonora individual (AASI). O teste HINT contém 12 listas de 20 sentenças cada, totalizando 240 sentenças representativas da fala cotidiana, curtas, fonemicamente balanceadas, de fácil compreensão e com o mesmo grau de dificuldade. Os sujeitos foram divididos em: Grupo1, composto por 30 sujeitos com audição normal e média de idade de 31,2 anos (dp 8,0) submetidos ao teste com fones de ouvidos e em campo livre, em quatro condições: com som frontal e sem ruído; com som frontal e ruído frontal, ruído à direita e ruído à esquerda e Grupo 2, composto por 30 sujeitos com perda auditiva sensorioneural, usuários de AASI bilaterais com média de idade de 71,6 anos (dp14,7) submetidos ao teste em campo livre nas quatro condições. Com fones de ouvidos, as médias dos resultados apresentaram-se semelhantes aos de outros estudos, em diversos idiomas, inclusive o português do Brasil: 26,3 dB com som frontal (SRT- sem ruído); relações sinal/ruído (S/R) de -5,1 dB com ruído frontal, -11,9 dB com ruído à direita; -12,1 dB com ruído à esquerda. Em campo livre: 13,5 dB com som frontal (SRT); -3,5 com ruído frontal, 6,5 dB com ruído à direita; -8,0 com ruído à esquerda. Para o Grupo 2 os valores em campo livre, sem AASI foram: 55,8 dB com som frontal (SRT- Sem ruído); relações sinal/ruído (S/R) de 3,5 dB com ruído frontal, 2,2 dB com ruído à direita; 0,4 dB com ruído à esquerda. Com o uso de seus AASI os valores passaram a ser 36,5 dB com som frontal (SRT- Sem ruído); relações S/R de 1,5 dB com ruído frontal, 0,9 dB com ruído à direita; -1,1 dB com ruído à esquerda. Em campo livre, os normo-ouvintes apresentaram melhor desempenho nos testes sem ruído e maior dificuldade com ruído, em relação aos testes com fones de ouvidos. O Grupo 2, com o uso de AASI apresentou valores de relação S/R entre -2 a 0dB de ganho. Na falta de parâmetros nacionais para testes em campo livre os valores médios presentes são sugeridos como referências para futuras comparações. O HINT Brasil mostrou-se um teste eficiente para analisar dificuldades de entendimento de fala em situação de escuta cotidiana<br>Abstract: The HINT - Brazil (Hearing in Noise Test, version in Brazilian Portuguese) is a test of recognition of speech in noise, which simulates resembled auditory situations to the ones of day-by-day. Added to the national audiological routine, it constitutes an important diagnostic tool to evaluate the hearing impairment of individuals with sensorineural dysacusis in high frequencies, of great prevalence in our environment. The research aims to evaluate the performance of the test with and without competitive noise, in normal-hearing individuals and users of hearing aids. Test HINT contains 12 lists of 20 sentences each, totalizing 240 sentences representative of daily speeches, short, phonemically balanced, of easy understanding and with the same level of difficulty. The individuals had been divided in: Group 1 composed of 30 individuals with normal hearing with average age of 31,2 years (dp 8,0) submitted to the test with earphones and free-field in four conditions: with frontal sound without noise; with frontal sound and frontal noise, noise to the right, and noise to the left and Group 2, composed of 30 individuals with sensorineural hearing loss, using bilateral hearing aids with average age of 71,6 years (dp 14,7) submitted to the free-field test in the four situations. With earphones, the averages of the results showed similar results to other studies in several languages, including Brazilian Portuguese: 26,3 dB with frontal sound (SRT); signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of -5,1 dB with frontal noise, -11,9 dB with noise to the right; - 12,1 dB with noise to the left. In free-field: 13,5 dB with frontal sound (SRT); -3,5 with frontal noise, -6,5 dB with noise to the right; -8,0 with noise to the left. The results in freefield to Group 2 without hearing aids: 55,8 dB with frontal sound without noise; 3,5 dB with frontal sound and frontal noise, 2,2 dB noise to the right, and 0,4dB noise to the left. With the use of its hearing aids: 36,5 dB dB with frontal sound without noise; 1,5 dB with frontal sound and frontal noise, 0,9 dB noise to the right, and -1,1dB noise to the left. In free field, the normal-listeners presented better performance in the tests without noise and greater difficulty with noise, compared to the tests with earphones. The Group 2, when used of its hearing aids presented values signal-to-noise ratio between -2 and 0dB of profit. In the lack of national parameters for tests in free-field the current average values are suggested as references for future comparisons. The HINT Brazil revealed an efficient test to analyze difficulties of agreement of speaks in situation of daily listening<br>Mestrado<br>Epidemiologia<br>Mestre em Saude Coletiva
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Bellenzani, Marcela Palomo Pieroni 1984. "Expressão de enzimas envolvidas na produção de triacilglicerol em tecidos adiposo e hepático isolados de ratos normo e hiperlipidêmicos." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314094.
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Previous issue date: 2012<br>Resumo: A pandemia da obesidade é evidente no início do século XXI. O fator desencadeante mais relevante é a alimentação hipercalórica associada ao sedentarismo. Modelos de estudo em ratos para investigar as etapas que precedem o desenvolvimento desta doença são fundamentais para propor terapias de prevenção. No modelo de indução da dislipidemia pela dieta por quatro semanas, os ratos apresentam hipercolesterolemia, hipertrigliceridemia e hiperinsulinemia e com seis semanas de administração da dieta observa-se um aumento no peso dos panículos adiposos da região epididimal e peri-renal e sem alteração no depósito da região mesentérica. Assim sendo, objetivamos, nesta tese, analisar as vias metabólicas envolvidas no processo de metabolização da glicose e triacilgliceróis nos tecidos adiposo branco e hepático em ratos hiperlipidêmicos e para tal estudamos as vias lipogênica, lipolítica e neoglicogênica, pela quantificação da expressão gênica das enzimas chaves envolvidas nestes processos. A dislipidemia foi induzida pelo oferecimento de dieta hiperlipídica (grupo dieta, D) ao longo de quatro semanas a ratos jovens e a instalação do quadro foi verificada pelas análises plasmáticas ao final do tratamento e após jejum de 16h. Amostras de tecidos hepático e adiposo foram coletadas para análise histológica e quantificação da expressão gênica sendo estas analisadas por qRT-PCR. Observou-se que ratos que ingerem dieta hiperlipídica (+129+10,13 g) ganham peso de forma semelhante aos ratos controle (C: +148+8,8 g) mesmo ingerindo quantidade significativamente menor de dieta (C: 20,8+0,62 g vs D: 14,87+0,66 g). As análises histológicas ilustram aumento no teor de depósitos de lipídeos no tecido hepático. A expressão gênica no tecido hepático de ratos dieta foi aumentada significativamente para as enzimas lipoproteína lipase, piruvato desidrogenase quinase 4 e fosfofrutoquinase 1 e diminuição significativa na expressão de glicose 6-fosfatase sem alteração na quantificação da expressão de acetil-CoA carboxilase alpha, gliceroquinase, piruvato desidrogenase fosfatase 2. Em relação ao tecido adiposo observamos que a expressão das enzimas acetil-CoA carboxilase e piruvato desidrogenase fosfatase 2 não foi significativamente alterada em nenhum dos depósitos adiposos. A lipase hormônio-sensível não apresentou alterações no tecido adiposo epididimal, porém teve sua expressão significativamente aumentada nos tecidos mesentérico e peri-renal. A expressão da lipoproteína lipase por sua vez, não se alterou no panículo adiposo epididimal nem no panículo adiposo mesentérico estando diminuída no panículo adiposo peri-renal. E por fim, a piruvato desidrogenase quinase 4 também não apresentou alterações nos depósitos epididimal e mesentérico porém no peri-renal sua expressão encontrou-se aumentada. Estes resultados, em conjunto, indicam que a dieta administrada por 4 semanas, mesmo não apresentando todas as alterações observadas com 6 semanas, pode ser útil para os estudos iniciais do quadro de dislipidemia que antecedem as disfunções metabólicas<br>Abstract: The pandemic of obesity is evident in the twenty-first century. The most important and triggering factor is the high-calorie diet associated with physical inactivity. Study models in rats to investigate the steps that precede the development of this disease are essential to propose preventive therapies. In the model of induction of dyslipidemia by diet for four weeks, the mice exhibit hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hyperinsulinemia and there is an increase in weight of the panniculus region of epididymal and peri-renal depot and no change in the mesenteric region. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the metabolic pathways involved in the metabolism of glucose and triglycerides in white adipose tissue, and liver in hyperlipidemic rats and to study the ways that lipogenic, lipolytic and glyconeogenic for the quantification of gene expression of key enzymes involved in these processes. Dyslipidemia was induced by offering high-fat diet (diet group, D) over four weeks to young rats and onset of condition was verified by analysis at the end of the plasma treatment and after fasting for 16 hours. Samples of liver and adipose tissue were collected for histological analysis and quantification of gene expression and these were analyzed by qRT-PCR. It was observed that mice eat high-fat diet (+129 +10.13 g) gain weight similarly to control rats (C: +8.8 +148 g) even eating significantly less diet (C: 20.8 +0.62 g vs D: 14.87 +0.66 g). Histological analysis illustrate the content of lipid deposits in liver tissue. Gene expression in liver tissue of rats diet was significantly increased for the enzymes lipoprotein lipase, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and 1 and Phosphofructokinase significant decrease in the expression of glucose 6-phosphatase no change in the quantification of the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha, Gliceroquinase, pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 2. In relation to the adipose tissue we observed that the expression of the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase 2 was not significantly altered in any of the fatty deposits. The hormone-sensitive lipase showed no changes in epididymal adipose tissue but its expression was significantly increased in mesenteric tissue and peri-renal. Lipoprotein lipase, in turn, did not change in the mesenteric or epididymal being reduced in the peri-renal. And finally, the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 also showed no changes in epididymal and mesenteric but the peri-renal expression is increased. These results, together, indicate that the diet for 4 weeks, even not showing all changes observed within 6 weeks, can be useful for the initial studies of hyperlipidemia that precede the metabolic dysfunctions<br>Mestrado<br>Fisiologia<br>Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
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Borgeot, Melanie. "Amélioration des propriétés tribologiques d'aciers inoxydables par un lubrifiant "vert" nommé AFULudine en vue de leur mise en forme." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCD038.
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Dans une opération de mise en forme, les propriétés volumiques des matériaux ne sont pas les seules garantes de la réussite du procédé. Les aspects surfaciques, en lien notamment avec les propriétés tribologiques des corps en contact (tôle, lubrifiant, outils) se révèlent tout aussi importants. Il convient en ce sens de maîtriser et optimiser autant que faire se peut les conditions de contact lors d’un glissement entre la tôle et l’outillage afin d’assurer la réussite de l’opération de formage.Ces travaux de thèse portent sur la caractérisation d’une solution alternative de lubrification, nommée AFULudine, par fonctionnalisation de surface à base de molécules organiques ; solution ayant pour ambition de se substituer aux huiles minérales chlorées, performantes dans le travail des aciers inoxydables mais particulièrement nocives pour l’environnement et difficiles d’application.Les caractérisations physico-chimiques de surface (IR, électrochimie, MEB) montrent le greffage effectif d’une couche de molécules chimisorbées en surface de l’oxyde métallique, avec une cinétique de l’ordre de quelques secondes. Celle-ci est recouverte d’amas cristallisés et formés en un second temps pendant la phase d’évaporation du solvant. Des analyses morphologiques des cristaux sont réalisées montrant que leur densité et leur structure sont intimement liées au bon comportement tribologique de la surface fonctionnalisée.Le comportement tribologique des tôles (substrat en acier inoxydable ferritique K41 – 1.4509) ainsi traitées a été investigué à la fois grâce à un tribomètre d’étirage-plan permettant de découpler les influences de différentes conditions de sollicitations, telles que la pression de contact, la montée en température des outils ou encore l’influence de la déformation plastique à coeur du matériau, mais aussi en conditions réelles, à l’aide d’une presse d’emboutissage semi-industrielle. De manière plus fondamentale, la formation et la stabilité du tribofilm créé à l’interface a été analysé par l’utilisation d’un micro-tribomètre linéaire en géométrie sphère/plan couplé à de la microscopie électronique et des analyses EDS<br>During forming processes, bulk properties of material are not the only guarantee in a process achievement. Surfacicalaspects, mainly coupled with tribological properties of bodies in contact (metal sheet, lubricant, tool) prove to be alsosignificant. It is therefore necessary to control and optimize the contact conditions during a sheet/tool sliding in order toguarantee the success of a forming process.The present work concerns a green lubricant solution characterization, named AFULudine, produced by thefunctionalization of the metallic surface with organic molecules. This solution was developed in substitution to the usualmineral oils, effective in stainless steel stamping but deterious for environment.Physicochemical surface characterization (IR, electrochemistry, SEM) show that the grafting of chemisorbed molecules ontothe surface occures in few seconds. This layer is covered by physisorbed and crystallised species which appear during thesolvent evaporation time. Morphological analyses of these crystals show that both density and structure determine thetribological behavior of the functionalized surface.Sheets tribological behavior (stainless steel ferritic grade, 1.4509 - K41) after treatment, has been investigated thanks to astrip drawing tribometer, allowing to dissociate the influence of various sollicitations conditions (such as contact pressure,tools temperature or plastic deformation of the material) and on an industrial scale with an Erichsen press. Fundamentally,tribo-layerʹs formation and stability have been analysed with the use of a linear micro-tribometer (ball on plane type)coupled with electronic microscopy and EDS analyses
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Nascimento, Jonathan Fraportti do. "Expressão gênica de proteínas do podócito na urina de pacientes diabéticos normo, micro ou macroalbuminúricos e em pré diabeticos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/142953.
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Introdução: A lesão do podócito exerce um papel crítico na nefropatia diabética (ND) e é um fator preditivo de albuminúria patológica e progressão da doença. Neste estudo foi avaliada a expressão gênica de proteínas associadas ao podócito na urina de pacientes diabéticos em diferentes estágios da ND e em indivíduos com pré diabetes. Material e Métodos: Foram estudados 67 pacientes diabéticos com normo (n=34), micro (n=14) ou macroalbuminúria (n=19), dezenove indivíduos pré diabéticos e 15 controles saudáveis. O RNAm de nefrina, podocina, podocalixina, sinaptopodina, Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel 6 (TRPC6), alfa actinina-4 e TGF1 foi quantificado por PCR em tempo real (2-ΔΔCt) em células do sedimento urinário. A expressão dos genes alvo do podócito foi correlacionada com albuminúria, controle glicêmico e função renal. O desempenho diagnóstico dos genes para albuminúria patológica foi determinado por curva ROC, e o seu efeito independente sobre esse desfecho foi avaliado por análise de regressão de Poisson. Resultados: O RNAm na urina dos genes alvo foi significativamente maior nos pacientes diabéticos em comparação aos não diabéticos, exceto de sinaptopodina e TGFβ1. A expressão de nefrina foi mais elevada nos indivíduos diabéticos micro e macroalbuminúricos comparado aos controles (p=0,04 e p<0,001 respectivamente), pré diabéticos (p<0,05) e normoalbuminúricos (p<0,05). Embora sua expressão tenha sido maior do que nos não diabéticos, os genes TRPC6, podocalixina e alfa actinina-4 não discriminaram os estágios da ND. A correlação da expressão dos genes com albuminúria e hemoglobina glicada foi estatisticamente significativa. Pacientes pré diabéticos tiveram expressão gênica semelhante aos controles. Na análise multivariada, apenas o gene da nefrina foi preditivo de albuminúria patológica. 6 Conclusões: A expressão das proteínas associadas ao podócito na urina foi maior nos pacientes diabéticos, mas não houve correlação direta do RNAm dos genes com níveis crescentes de albuminúria, exceto de nefrina. O gene da nefrina foi o único que discriminou os diferentes estágios da ND e foi preditivo de albuminúria patológica, mas a podocalixina e o TRPC6 também se correlacionaram com albuminúria e controle glicêmico. Neste estudo preliminar não se identificou aumento da expressão gênica das proteínas do podócito na urina em indivíduos com pré diabetes.<br>Introduction: Podocyte damage plays a critical role in the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). The present study evaluated gene expression of podocyte-associated proteins in urine of pre-diabetic and diabetic patients at different stages of DN. Material and Methods: We studied 19 pre-diabetic patients, 67 diabetic patients with normo (n = 34), micro (n = 15), or macroalbuminuria (n = 19), and 15 healthy controls. Levels of mRNA of nephrin, podocin, podocalyxin, synaptopodin, transient receptor potential cation channel 6 (TRPC6), alpha-actinin-4, and TGF-1 were quantitatively measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction in urinary sediment. Gene expression was correlated with albuminuria, glycemic control, and renal function. The diagnostic performance of the genes for detecting pathological albuminuria was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and Poisson regression. Results: The mRNA expression of target genes in urinary sediment was significantly higher in diabetic compared to pre-diabetic patients and controls. Levels of nephrin were higher in diabetic patients with micro or macroalbuminuria than controls (p= 0.04 and p<0.001, respectively), pre-diabetic (p<0.05), and diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria (p<0.05), and increased with increasing rates of albuminuria. Gene expression was similar in pre-diabetic patients and controls. There was a significant positive correlation of gene expression with albuminuria and glycated hemoglobin. In the multivariate analysis, only nephrinuria predicted pathological albuminuria. Conclusions: The expression of podocyte-associated proteins in urine was higher in diabetic patients, but only nephrin correlated with increasing albuminuria and predicted 8 pathological albuminuria. This preliminary study did not find increased gene transcription in pre-diabetic patients.
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Iannuzzi, Stéphanie. "Les effets lexicaux dans l'identification de la lettre : étude en potentiels évoqués chez des enfants normo-lecteurs et dyslexiques." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1276/.
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La reconnaissance visuelle de séquences de lettres implique un traitement orthographique qui peut être décomposé en trois phases activées en parallèle et de façon interactive : le traitement des traits visuels, le traitement des lettres et le traitement des séquences de lettres. L'influence des connaissances lexicales sur l'identification de lettres a souvent été mise en évidence par l'effet de supériorité du mot : une lettre étant mieux reconnue quand elle est présentée dans un mot que dans un non- mot ou isolément. L'un des objectifs de ce travail était de voir à quelle(s) phase(s) du traitement ces influences lexicales interviennent durant l'acquisition de la lecture. Pour ce faire, la technique des potentiels évoqués a été utilisée chez des enfants normo-lecteurs et dyslexiques dans une tâche d'identification de lettre présentée dans un mot ou un non-mot. Par ailleurs, il est admis par de nombreux auteurs que dans les langues alphabétiques et avec un sens de lecture de gauche à droite, les mots sont mieux reconnus quand ils sont fixés légèrement à gauche de leur centre. Cet effet de position optimale a également été étudié dans notre protocole afin de voir si les influences lexicales intervenaient quelque soit la position de la lettre dans le mot. Nos résultats comportementaux révèlent un effet de supériorité du mot uniquement chez les enfants normo-lecteurs reflétant l'intervention des connaissances lexicales. Nous postulons dès lors que les dyslexiques pourraient souffrir d'un déficit d'effet " top-down " lexical. Les analyses en fonction de la position ne montre pas l'effet de position optimale attendu. On observe des résultats similaires dans les deux groupes avec un gradient de performances diminuant de la première à la cinquième position qui pourrait s'expliquer par un traitement sériel et automatisé des stimuli de la gauche vers la droite et ce quelque soit le point de fixation. En potentiels évoqués, les premières différences entre mots et non-mots sont observées sur l'onde N2 reflétant le traitement lexical et elles s'observent pour les 2 groupes d’enfants. L'absence d'effet lexical sur l'onde N170 est en désaccord avec l'hypothèse d'une influence des représentations lexicales en mémoire sur l'identification de lettres à un niveau pré-lexical<br>Orthographic processes that take place during visual recognition of letter sequences can be dissociated into three different stages activated in an interactive and parallel manner : visual feature analysis, letter processing and letter sequence processing. The lexical influences on letter identification have often been observed with the well-known Word Superiority Effect : a letter is better identified when presented in words than in non-words or in isolation. One aim of this study was to understand which processing stages are influenced by lexical knowledge during reading acquisition. To do this, we performed an Event-Related Potential study with dyslexic children and typically achieving ones. The task consists in identifying a letter presented in a word or a non-word. Furthermore, it is well accepted that, in alphabetic and left-to-right languages, words are better identified when fixated slightly left of the center. Our task was designed in such a way that we were able to study this Optimal Viewing Position. The aim was to analyse if the lexical influences intervene in the same manner for all position in the word. Our behavioral results show a Word Superiority Effect only for typically achieving children suggesting influences of the lexical knowledge for them. We hypothesise that dyslexics present a deficit on these "top-down" lexical influences. Analyses based on the position do not show the Optimal Viewing Position expected. The results are similar in both groups with a diminution of the performance between the first and the last position. It suggests a serial and automatic processing of the stimuli from left to right whatever the fixation point. The firsts ERPs differences between words and non-words appears on the N2 reflecting the lexical processing and the same effect is shown in both groups. The lack of effect on the N170 is in disagreement with the hypothesis of lexical influences on letter identification at a pre-lexical level
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Stahl, Pierre. "Influence de la cadence de stimulation sur la perception auditive : étude chez l'implanté cochléaire et chez le normo-entendant." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4718.
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L’implant cochléaire (IC) est une prothèse auditive implantée dans l’oreille interne qui a pour fonction de restaurer le sens de l’audition aux personnes atteintes de surdité sévère à profonde lorsque les aides auditives classiques ne leur permettent plus une audition suffisante. Pour pouvoir transmettre les indices provenant des sons extérieurs, l’IC contourne une grande partie du système auditif défaillant et stimule directement les fibres du nerf auditif du patient. En pratique, les électrodes de l’implant émettent des trains d’impulsions électriques modulées en amplitude. Ces trains d’impulsions ont une fréquence de répétition (cadence) constante. Un problème limitant est que nous ne connaissons pas entièrement les effets physiologiques et perceptifs liés à l’augmentation de la cadence de stimulation. Le projet de recherche lié à la présente thèse s’inscrit dans l’optique d’améliorer le codage temporel des futurs ICs. Cette thèse a pour but de mieux comprendre l’influence de la cadence de la stimulation électrique sur la perception des sons avec, comme objectif fondamental, de caractériser les mécanismes physiologiques sollicités lors d’une stimulation électrique. La cadence de la stimulation affecte au moins trois dimensions perceptives distinctes qui sont la hauteur, la durée et la sonie. Les expériences s’intéressent à résoudre des problèmes précis concernant chacune de ces dimensions. Lorsque nous le pouvions, les expériences réalisées chez le sujet IC ont également été réalisées chez des sujets normo-entendants en utilisant des simulations acoustiques d’ICs<br>Cochlear implants (CIs) are auditory prostheses directly inserted in the inner ear to partly restore the sense of audition to people suffering from severe to profound deafness. In order to convey environmental sounds, CIs bypass the peripheral auditory system and produce amplitude-modulated electrical pulses that stimulate auditory nerve fibres. In general, pulses are delivered with a constant frequency of occurrence (i.e. rate). Even if CI users reach good performances to understand speech, it roughly diminishes when they are placed more complex audiological environment.A potential problem is that stimulation rates are not the same among subjects while our knowledge concerning the physiological mechanisms provided by rate variations, is limited. This thesis aims to improve temporal coding of CIs by studying the perceptual influence of stimulation rate, and quantify the physiological mechanisms sought by an electrical stimulation. At least, stimulation rate acts on three perceptual dimensions which are pitch, sound duration and loudness. The present experiment solves specific problems concerning each dimension cited previously. In addition to electrical stimulations, acoustical simulations of a CI were conducted to compare normal hearing with hearing-impaired performances
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Dhein, Gisele. "Pausa! : Cl?nica. Cl?nica pol?tica. Cl?nica ampliada : a produ??o do sujeito aut?nomo." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2010. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/706.
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Previous issue date: 2010-03-01<br>Esta disserta??o busca problematizar a cl?nica ampliada, indagando como se constituem as pr?ticas da cl?nica ampliada e qual ? o sujeito produzido pela cl?nica ampliada. Nesse sentido, quais as condi??es de possibilidade para o aparecimento da cl?nica ampliada enquanto tecnologia de aten??o ? sa?de. O ponto de partida para a an?lise s?o os documentos Cl?nica ampliada (Brasil, 2004) e Cl?nica Ampliada e Compartilhada (Brasil, 2009). Foi a partir desses documentos que foi poss?vel direcionar a compreens?o para os processos pelos quais o Sistema ?nico de Sa?de (SUS) produz o sujeito da sa?de, mais especificamente o sujeito da cl?nica ampliada. Trata-se de compreender quais s?o os efeitos da articula??o entre SUS, pol?ticas p?blicas e cl?nica ampliada, procurando distanciar-se da busca pelas verdades sobre as tecnologias de aten??o ? sa?de. Para tanto, as ferramentas foucaultianas de governamentalidade e biopol?tica nos ajudaram a realizar esta an?lise. Tr?s momentos tornaram poss?vel tal prop?sito: o momento em que se problematizou o modo como se tornou vi?vel tornar a sa?de alvo de preocupa??o do Estado a partir de estrat?gias biopol?ticas. Em seguida foi realizada uma an?lise do nascimento da cl?nica e, consequentemente, da cl?nica ampliada enquanto tecnologia de aten??o ? sa?de ap?s a Constitui??o de 1988. E, por fim, foi feita uma problematiza??o das racionalidades presentes nos documentos analisados, procurando evidenciar como as pol?ticas e programas do SUS constituem as pr?ticas e os sujeitos da sa?de.
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Britto, Ricardo de Sousa. "Uma arquitetura distribu?da de hardware e software para controle de um rob? m?vel aut?nomo." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2008. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/15188.
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Previous issue date: 2008-01-25<br>Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior<br>In this work, we present a hardware-software architecture for controlling the autonomous mobile robot Kapeck. The hardware of the robot is composed of a set of sensors and actuators organized in a CAN bus. Two embedded computers and eigth microcontroller based boards are used in the system. One of the computers hosts the vision system, due to the significant processing needs of this kind of system. The other computer is used to coordinate and access the CAN bus and to accomplish the other activities of the robot. The microcontroller-based boards are used with the sensors and actuators. The robot has this distributed configuration in order to exhibit a good real-time behavior, where the
response time and the temporal predictability of the system is important. We adopted the hybrid deliberative-reactive paradigm in the proposed architecture to conciliate the
reactive behavior of the sensors-actuators net and the deliberative activities required to accomplish more complex tasks<br>Neste trabalho ? apresentada uma arquitetura de hardware e software para controle do rob? m?vel aut?nomo Kapeck. O hardware do rob? Kapeck ? composto por um conjunto de sensores e atuadores organizados em um barramento de comunica??o CAN. Dois computadores embarcados e oito placas microcontroladas foram utilizadas no sistema. Um dos computadores foi utilizado para o sistema de vis?o, devido ? grande necessidade de processamento deste tipo de sistema. O outro computador foi utilizado para coordenar e acessar o barramento CAN e realizar as outras atividades do rob?. Placas
microcontroladas foram utilizadas nos sensores e atuadores. O rob? possui esta configura??o distribu?da para um bom desempenho em tempo-real, onde os tempos de resposta e
a previsibilidade temporal do sistema s?o importantes. Foi seguido o paradigma h?brido deliberativo-reativo para desenvolver a arquitetura proposta, devido ? necessidade de aliar o comportamento reativo da rede de sensores-atuadores com as atividades deliberativas necess?rias para realizar tarefas mais complexas
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Boger, Marlene Escher. "Estudo das emissões otoacústicas evocadas por produto de distorção em trabalhadores normo-ouvintes expostos a diferentes doses de ruído ocupacional." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2012. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/12179.
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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, 2012.<br>Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2013-02-18T14:50:08Z
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2012_MarleneEscherBoger.pdf: 1154198 bytes, checksum: b9aa61a74a43942cbf5e1f404979e0c1 (MD5)<br>O teste das emissões otoacústicas evocadas é útil no monitoramento de mudanças auditivas ainda não detectáveis na audiometria tonal, bem como para monitorar os danos da cóclea ocasionados por exposição a ruídos. Objetivo: Avaliar as emissões otoacústicas evocadas por produto de distorção em trabalhadores normo-ouvintes expostos a diferentes doses de ruído ocupacional. Método: Trata-se de estudo prospectivo de coorte realizado em indústrias metalúrgicas, nas quais
avaliou-se trabalhadores normo-ouvintes divididos em três diferentes grupos, sendo
o GI não exposto, o GII exposto esporadicamente e o GIII exposto frequentemente ao ruído ocupacional. Resultados: Foi possível observar alterações significantes nas emissões otoacústicas nos grupos II e III em ambas as orelhas. Na amplitude e na relação sinal/ruído observou-se que quanto mais alta é a frequência do som, piores são os resultados do GII e GIII, e quanto maior a exposição ao ruído, menores são as médias encontradas nas emissões otoacústicas. A frequência com piores registros é a de 6 kHz. O grupo II, apesar de exposto esporadicamente ao ruído, sofre os efeitos da exposição e revela risco importante para perda auditiva. Conclusão: As emissões otoacústicas são piores nos grupos expostos em relação ao grupo não exposto e quanto maior a exposição ao ruído, piores são os resultados. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT<br>The otoacoustic emission test is useful in monitoring hearing changes still not detectable in pure-tone audiometry, as well as in monitoring cochlear damage
caused by exposure to noise. Objective: To evaluate distortion product otoacoustic emissions in normal hearing workers exposed to different occupational noise doses. Method: This is a cohort prospective study performed in metalworking industries, in which normal hearing workers were assessed by being divided into three different groups, with GI not exposed, GII sporadically exposed and GIII often exposed to occupational noise. Results: Otoacoustic emission alterations were found in groups II and III bilaterally. Both in the amplitude and in the signal/noise ratio it was observed
that the higher the frequency the worse are the results of GII and GIII, and the greater the exposure dose the lower the averages found in otoacoustics emission. The worst frequency record is 6 kHz. Group II, although sporadically exposed to noise, suffers the effects of exposure and reveals an important risk for hearing loss. Conclusion: The otoacoustic emissions are worse in the exposed groups compared to the unexposed group and the greater the noise dose the worse the results.
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Jong, Erna Vogt de. "Influencia de dietas normo e hiperlipidicas sobre o perfil nutricional, parametros bioquimicos sericos e estruturais do figado de ratos Wistar." [s.n.], 1996. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256109.
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Orientador: Debora de Queiroz Tavares<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-21T00:54:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 1996<br>Resumo: A manipulação da dieta, especialmente modificação na quantidade de gordura, altera a composição dos lipídios do soro sangüíneo e do fígado. Foi estudado em ratos machos, Wistar (21 dias de idade), alimentados ad /ibitum, o efeito da dieta padrão (AIN-93), cuja fonte protéica foi caseína, associada a 30%,5% e 7% de óleo de soja (fonte de triacilgliceróis de cadeia longa - TCL), ou à gordura de coco (fonte de triacilgliceróis de cadeia média - TCM), sobre a composição bioquímica do soro sangüíneo e do fígado. Os resultados foram comparados com o desempenho nutricional das dietas e com a morfologia dos hepatócitos. Os animais foram colocados em gaiolas individuais, sendo pesados a cada 3 dias. Os dados de consumo alimentar foram coletados e, no final de 4 semanas, os índices de avaliação nutricional foram calculados. Nove ratos de cada grupo foram sacrificados no início (TO), no 15° dia (T1) e no 30° dia (T2). Amostras de sangue foram obtidas por punção cardíaca e o fígado removido, pesado e preparado histologicamente para microscopia óptica e eletrônica. Nos grupos alimentados com dietas contendo 30% de lipídios houve redução no consumo da ração, sem perda de peso corporal. Os grupos experimentais alimentados com TCM obtiveram entretanto, menor ganho de peso corporal em todos os níveis de gordura de coco testados, chegando a diferença significativa para o grupo CASSA -30/5 (quinze dias com 30%, 15 dias com 5% de gordura de coco). o excesso de gordura na dieta foi associado ao acúmulo de lipídio hepático nos ratos e quando o excesso foi reduzido, o processo esteatótico regrediu. Lipídios totais, colesterol e triacilgliceróis (TAG) hepáticos aumentaram nos ratos sob dietas com 30% de óleo de soja. Comparando a dieta AIN-93 com as que continham gordura de coco verificou-se similaridade no nível de colesterol hepático; mas os fígados dos ratos que estavam consumindo 30% de óleo de soja. apresentaram nível significativamente mais alto de colesterol. A composição dos ácidos graxos do fígado refletiu a composição dos ácidos graxos da dieta. Apesar da diferença da razão entre ácido graxo insaturado/saturado das gorduras das dietas (5,93 para óleo de soja e 0,22 para gordura de coco), o resultado de ambas foi similar.em alguns aspectos. Houve síntese de ácido palmítico (16:0) e oléico (18:1) no fígado dos animais, independente do tipo de lipídio utilizado na dieta. Ocorreu ainda redução do ácido esteárico (18:0) e do linoléico (18:2) nos grupos de animais alimentados com óleo de soja. As células do fígado responderam aos estímulos nutricionais com alteração da estrutura e ativação das organelas. A microscopia óptica demonstrou que o acúmulo gradual de gotículas de lipídio nos hepatócitos e o dano celular dependeram da quantidade de gordura ingerida na dieta. Foi possível localizar alguns focos esteatóticos ao redor da região periportal onde algumas células estavam lesadas. A microscopia eletrônica deixou claro que a primeira organela a ser atingida na alteração por esteatose foi a mitocôndria que sofreu perdas das cristas e degeneração interna do tipo mielínico; a segunda alteração foi a vacuolização do retículo endoplasmático rugoso. As demais organelas dos hepatócitos e os limites das células vicinais estavam normais; o espaço de Disse, os canalículos biliares, as células de Ito e de Kupffer foram preservadas. A esteatose predominou nas áreas periportais, e a redução de lipídios na dieta favoreceu uma pequena regressão da mesma. Concluiu-se, face aos resultados obtidos, que a alteração configurada como esteatose hepática seria inespecífica e não dependeria exclusivamente do excesso de lipídios na dieta. A afirmação abrange os fígados de ratos sob dieta aprotéica cuja degeneração foi idêntica, embora muito mais extensiva em relação aos fígados dos ratos sobrecarregados por lipídios na dieta<br>Abstract: It is known that manipulation of the diet, particulary of the lipid portion, can alter the serum or liver lipid compositions. The AIN-93 casein diet was associated with soybean oi! (source of long-chain triacylglyceride - LCT) or coconut oil (source of medium-chain triacylglyceride - MCT) in an experiment where young males Wistar rats (21 days old) were fed ad libitum with diets containing 30%, 5% and 7% soybean oil or coconut oil. The diets had identical nutrient composition except for the type and level of fat. The animals were placed in individual screen-botton cages and were weighed and the food consumption calculated everyat 3 days . At the end of the experiment, various nutritional indice were evaluated. Nine rats from each group were killed at the beginning of the experiment (TO), another group at the 15th (T1) and the last group at the 30th day (T2). Blood samples were colleted by cardiac punction, the livers were removed without delay, weighed and histologically prepared for light and electron microscopy examination. With the high fat diets, food consumption was reduced but body weight gain did not change: there were no significant differences in body weight among the groups at the end of the experiment. The excess lipid in the diet was associated with increased hepatic lipid accumulation and when the dietary lipid was reduced the steatotic process was also reduced. Liver lipids, cholesterol, and triacylglycerols increased with the 30% soybean oil diet; it was observed with this diet that the quantity of liver cholesterol was significantly higher. The reference diet (7% of soybean oil in AIN-93) and the coconut oil diet resulted in a similar and normal cholesterol level. The liver cholesterol was highest when rats were fed the 30% soybean oil diet for 30 days. The fatty acids composition of the livers of animals fed LCT or MCT diets were similar, suggesting that under the experimental conditions the variations in quantity or quality were not enough to impair the metabolic oxidation or the elongation of fatty acid chains. Furthermore, in spite of the difference in the ratio of unsaturated/saturated fatty acids among the dietary fat (5,93 for soybean and 0,22 for coconut oil), the liver showed similar UFA/SFA lipids. Altogether, an elevation was observed for palmitic (16:0) and oleic acids (18:1), and a reduction for stearic (18:0) and linoleic acids (18:2) among the animals fed soybean oil diets. Liver histology by optical microscopy demonstrated a gradual accumulation of lipid droplets inside the hepatocytes, whose amount was diet dependent. It was possible to localize some steatosis spots around the periportal region, where several cells would appear damaged. The rate of damage was related to the quantity of lipid in the diet, regardless of its nature. It became clear by electron microscopy that mitochondria were the first disrupted organelles followed by the impairment of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The other organelles of the hepatocyte, as well as its boundaries to vicinal cells were always normal; the Disse space was well preserved and so were the billiary canaliculli. The Ito cells were scarce and the Kupffer cells were quiescent. The protein-free diet also provoked hepatic steatosis, identical to the that described above in terms of ultrastructure, but of more extensive. In general it was verified that lipid droplets inside the hepatocytes were very common starting the 21th day of life; the droplets increased with age even with control groups, being localized free of membranes and sometimes associated with the mitocondria. It was concludes that there is metabolic independence among the hepatocyt because disrruption of one or two cells does not affect the immediate vicinity. A second conclusion was that liver steatosis is not a specific lipid metabolic response, but an intermediate stage of hepatocyte metabolic impairment, regardless its origin<br>Doutorado<br>Doutor em Ciência da Nutrição