Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Noms français'
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Ansari, Amir. "Analyse contrastive des mots persans et français." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030092.
Full textHuyghe, Richard. "Les noms génériques d'espace en français." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30053.
Full textWhat does one call a place ? Is there a difference between a location, a place, a spot, a space, a zone etc. ? If there is one, how can it be described ? This study provides answers to these questions through a detailed discussion of the semantics, syntax and reference of nuns such as lieu, endroit, place, espace, zone, etc. First, the properties shared by these generic nouns referring to location [NLs], such as a high degree of generality and vagueness, are identified. It is concluded that the meaning of NLs should not be analysed on the basis of the concept of "part of space" (usually used in the dictionary definitions of these worlds), but rather on the basis of the concept of landmark, i. E. An entity allowing one to locate other entities. More specifically, the referents of these nouns are presented under the angle of their being able to locate other entities, thus determining a relational conception of space. The three central NLs lieu, endroit, and place are then studied. These nouns, despite their poor descriptive potential, are not completely synonymous. Endroit is characterized by its partitive meaning ; its indicates that the landmark is part of a frame (un endroit du mur, un endroit de la forêt). Place is used to describe a location that is to be occupied by an autonomous entity (la place du livre, la place de Vincent). It can thus profile spatial extension (de la place). As for lieu, it links localization to a process (un lieu de travail) and can be used to locate events (le lieu du crime). The semantic distribution of NLs in French thus reflects the distinction between differents modes of localization, conveying a complex representation of the localizing space
Lamprou, Efrosyni. "Les noms de réciprocité en français : Etude syntactico-sémantiqueTexte imprimé." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA131006.
Full textIn this study i examine different types of reciprocal nominal predicates or noun of reciprocity in order to give a full account on their syntactic and semantic properties. These nouns can be found in constructions with the structure "These is Npred between A and B", correlating obligatory at least two elements (humans, concrets, ideas, etc. ). They can permute within the sentence without any effect of meaning. My analysis aims to contribute to a more general research working out a semantic typology of a part of the lexicon, the predicative nouns in the perspective of a natural language processing
Barmou, Salifou. "La catégorie nominale en Hausa : comparaison avec le français." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030142.
Full textThe nominal category is the field of hausa grammar where no object of synthesis has been dealt with until now. It's the reason why this study has, towards seven chapiters, approached the prominent points inherent to the noun study. In this, after having defined the noun and its semantic categories, the morphology was approached where hausa uses the following main morphological processes : the derivation (suffixes, infixes, prefixes), apophony, tone pattern, redulpication, composition, loan words and neologisms. The gender (masculine, feminine) presents, for one thing, a masculine form corresponding to two feminine forms and the common gender of nouns. The study of the number is the most important and the most intricate part of this work. The prediction of a noun plural form from singular one is proved impossible. The syntax presents the nominal phrase (np) and the nominal determination where many kinds of np have been derived according to the different dependent nominals. The link element -n r plays an important fiddle : this involves the following structure : (np1-n -r) + np2. The notion of article and the analysis of sentences were widely approached. From this analysis, six syntactic nominal functions are retained : subject, object, attributive, apposition and predicate. All of the points studied in hausa have been finally compared systematically with french equivalents. This study shows that the two languages present, in general, many points of convergence. One can also underline some points of divergence like the use of tone pattern in
Gushchina, Olga. "Du "bébé surprise" aux "années bonheur" : les constructions (article) + substantif + substantif en français moderne." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040124.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the study of the model (Article) + Noun + Noun in modern French (e. G. : la percée Bayrou, un enfant-ciment, des conseillers clientèle). The research builds on a review of the classification of models N1 + N2, proposed by Michèle Noailly in Le Substantif épithète (1990). We develop a semantic-syntactic classification that includes the Noailly’s four types like groups-prototypes (qualification, complementation, coordination, identification). Then we prove that many of the examples collected has an opaque structure that combines features of two or even three types handled by M. Noailly. One way to simplify taxonomy is proposed, it will bring out the operation of the model in pragmatic. This final classification changes categories of M. Noailly and highlights the process of labeling. Our study is illustrated by a large body of novels, from categorical base type of items Frantext and from personal collection (press, literature, TV, speech and written French)
Koehl, Aurore. "La construction morphologique des noms désadjectivaux suffixés en français." Phd thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789824.
Full textVachey, Françoise. "Les suffixes toponymiques français : atlas et base de données." Nancy 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN21036.
Full textGuénez-Vénérin, Christine. "Morceau, bout, fragment, tranche, etc : les noms de parties atypiques issues d'un processus de bris ou de découpe." Lille 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LIL30008.
Full textMoniz, Correia Reid Corália Maria. "La morphologie dérivationnelle des noms : étude comparative français-portugais." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2431.
Full textStanojevic, Veran. "Syntaxe et sémantique des noms de nombre en français." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA070011.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is a formal-semantic treatment of numerals. The syntactic analysis shows that numerals in French seize the position of specifiers of numeral projection. I claim that the numeral projection is enough for a semantic treatment. I analyze three types of approach concerning the interpretation of indefinites: a quantifying approach, a reference one and the approach by ambiguity. I try, within the Generalized Quantifier Theory, to define the difference between bare and modified numerals. The opposition between the total and partial information, shows that numerals are the only indicators of partial information in the model. The treatment of plural phrases introduced by a numeral proves that numerals are not specified as for the opposition collective-distributive. I approach the problem of overgeneration faced by the standard approaches at the treatment of multiple quantification by incorporating in my system the theory of logical form of Beghelli and Stowell
Monceaux, Anne. "La formation des noms composés de structure nom adjectif : élaboration d'un lexique électronique." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070081.
Full textCompound nouns nom adjectif formation. Elaboration of an electronic dictionary. This work deals with the issue of nominalisation and adjectivation in french, and is focused on the morpho-syntactical relations between a prepositionnal phrase and an adjective. We aim at establishing a classification of the entries for an electronic syntactical dictionary of nom adjectif compound s. We begin with a methodological introduction to the concepts of predicate nouns, along with a presentation of the compound nouns electronic dictionary of the laboratoire d'automatique documentaire et linguistique at the university of paris 7 (delac), which is used as a corpus for our study. This introduction is followed by the presentation of a class o f non predicate adjectives called adjectifs de relation. Chapter two and three consist of a detailed analysis of the pro ductive processes that lead to the formation of noun phrases such as nom predicatif - adjectif de relation, first in the context of elementary sentences with support verbs, secondly in the context of complex sentences which can be analysed by a transformation called noun phrase "restructuration". A classification of the entries of the delac by means of seman tic features is presented in chapter four. Finally, the appendix contains the distributionnal classes which have been established for the predicate entries of the delac, as well as lists of compound nouns nom adjectif describing the various analyses
Yune, Sok-Man. "Contribution à la construction d'une "grammaire onomasiologique" du français : de l'évènement aux énoncés." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040167.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is mainly to examine and to discuss theoretical bases of what can be called a "semantic or notional grammar" of a natural language. Such a grammar takes as decisive criteria not linguistic forms (morpho-syntax) but sentence production mecanisms by the speaker (enunciator). For this purpose, the sentence production mecanisms are first caracterized within the framework of the enunciation model (performance model) of b. Pottier. Special attention is given to the idea that what the speaker puts into linguistic signs is an abstract and global message elaborated as the result of mental representation called "conceptualization" taking place at the moment of each enunciation. The operation of conceptualization which b. Pottier considers as being practically independant of a particular linguistic system is described as a set of choices of mental operations articulated at two levels : conceptual level i where the speak chooses an event as a base of mental representation and conceptual level ii where the speaker projects, on the event choosen at level i, different sorts of mental operations directly depending on his intentionnality (six categories assumed to be universal are distinguished : diathesis, actance, determination, aspect, time (tense) and modality). Once this theoretical approach is presented and justified, an application to french is put forward, especially for the diatheses operations
Samvelian, Pollet. "Les nominalisations en français : arguments sémantiques et actants syntaxiques." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070073.
Full textThe fact that a verb and the associated nominalisation have the same argument structure is widely admitted in diffrerent studies on nominalisations. Nevertheless, it is well known that the possible syntactic realisations for arguments are not identical in the to cases. Thus the form of the arguments in the verbal construction does not allow to "calculate" their form in the noun phrase. So it is necessary to discover different factors which determine the syntactic projection of arguments in the noun phrase. Discovering these facteurs is the principal aim of our study. Through a deep study of different constructions such as "passive" nominalisations (e. G. La destruction de la ville par l'ennemi), genitive complements (e. G. La destruction de la ville) and psychological nominalisations (e. G. , haine, amour), we underline the great diversity of the parameters which determine the syntactic projection of arguments in a noun phrase. Within these parameters, the aspectual properties, as well as the semantique role of the arguments have a dominating influence
Anokhina-Abeberry, Olga. "Etude sémantique du nom abstrait en français." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081801.
Full textThe objective of this research was to demonstrate the relevance of classification of nouns in concrete and abstract. Though this classification is sometimes contested by linguits, it proves to be pertinent in many domains : cognitive psychology, logic, electronic dictionaries, etc. We underlined the relationship of abstract nouns and "vagueness" of this reference. Moreover, we noticed that the construction of reference of abstract nouns is connected with an individual. We observed that this link between an individual and abstract nouns existing at a referential level finds its expression also in syntactic combinations. Then we proposed the hypothesis that the origin of a link between an individual and abstract nouns comes from the time when human thought didn't distinguish cause and effect, quality and person having this quality. .
Codreanu, Ecaterina. "Étude comparative des noms d'affect en français et en roumain." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040099.
Full textConducted in a comparative perspective, this research aims to describe the lexicon of affect nouns in order to underline the converging areas and diverging areas in two genealogically related languages - French and Romanian - in two lines of thought: diachronic analysis concerning the dynamics of the evolution of the Romanian emotional vocabulary permeated with words of French origin and synchronic analysis of combinatorial features of affect nouns. Such research has highlighted some very interesting cases, the points where these two systems are similar, but not completely coincide. But despite the small specific morphosyntactic and combinatorial differences evidenced in the expression of emotions, they generally bear homogeneity of linguistic functioning. This fact is not only interesting in terms of comparative syntax, but also by the fact that the affect nouns performing the same cognitive scenario have similar behavior in both languages faced
Lee, Hee-Seung. "La structure des compléments du groupe nominal en français et en coréen modernes : étude de linguistique comparative." Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070081.
Full textThis research demonstrates that the definitive distinction between the interpretive concepts +argument; and +circumstant;, which has been ably shown in the passive, also has a relevant bearing in the analysis of other important themes, namely, the nominalization (a noun phrase having as its head a nominalization) and the causative (a phrase having a suffixed psychological causative verb as exciter). Thus, if one considers a phrase and a noun phrase in korean constructed respectively around a verb and its corresponding nominalization, one learns that the argumental asymmetry between the term-object (argument) and the term-subject (circumstant) of the phrase can also be verified within the mode of the realization of the noun phrase's complements, and especially in the phenomenon of "argumental paradox". Insofar as the causative in french and korean is concerned, this also displays the relevance of the distinction between +argument; and +circumstant;, bringing into discussion a relatively unknown dimension of suffixal causativation, that is to say, an identification between the "non-obligatory and non-discriminant circumstant; of the radical verbal intransitive (ex. S'excit(er)) and the "obligatory and discriminant circumstant; of the causative verbal suffix. Evaluating the pertinence of morphological analysis in french, i reveal an original clarification of the constructions having an intransitive (anti-causative) verb such as s'exciter or se degouter de, as well as that of the affixal status of the reflexive +se; concerned. Finally, i show that the psychological nominalizations of the type excitation or degout, contrary to common belief, are not unusual nor anormal, and that they have a syntactical-argumental organization parallel to those of their parental intransitive verbs such as s'exciter or se degouter de. Moreover, i bring into light the "categorial distortion" phenomenon in the position of the genitive np of the noun phrase in korean
Vaxelaire, Jean-Louis. "Pour une lexicologie du nom propre." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070035.
Full textThe last few years have seen a renewal of interest in the proper name in linguistics. However the conclusions generally drawn can hardly be considered satisfactory: the meaning of the proper name is held to be purely pragmatic and less a matter for the dictionary than for the encyclopaedia and, "in fine", not part of the lexicon but of the onomasticon. While it is true that the proper name is usually distinguished by logical means, we wish, in this thesis, to place it firmly back in a strictly linguistic framework, because the words, which we analyse, are first and foremost nouns, before being proper names. We suggest firstly to renew the generally held ideas about the proper name and to present a definition in extension since the category is not limited to anthroponyms and place-names. Then we shall define its epistemological context: a clear vision of the history of the proper name should allow us to reach a better understanding of it. This study concludes that the interpretative semantics allows for an innovative and relevant treatment of the proper name
Mandola, Malgorzata. "Les équivalents français des noms géographiques polonais : l’exonymisation en français des toponymes du territoire de la Pologne." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20025/document.
Full textThe most recent linguistic studies show that proper names are often translated or adapted, in contrast to the traditional theories of untranslatability of proper names.What distinguishes toponyms from the rest of onomastics are political, sociological and historical implications that affect many geographical names. Using the name "Breslau" for the Polish city "Wrocław" may convey negative connotations depending on the context. Nevertheless, this form is often found on the Internet. Moreover, due to globalization we arewitnessing the multiplication of many versions of the same toponym. This work is composed of three parts. The first part presents theories of proper names,but adapted to toponyms, and the second describes their functions and their linguistic status according to the international standardization. The concept of synchronic-contrastive toponymy and methods of analysing toponyms according to this approach are introduced as well in the second part.The third part is an analysis of the corpus with the purpose of observing the structure and the integration of Polish toponyms into the French language, as well as their popular use in current publications (Internet, tourist brochures, in applications and social networks, etc.) different from the official use, which is supposed to be politically correct
Guyon, Odile. "Acquisition de l'orthographe du CE1 à la 5ème : les morphogrammes grammaticaux S et NT." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20091.
Full textIn a psycholinguistic and developmental perspective, we are aiming at interpreting the range and frequency of concord mistakes made by French second to seventh form school pupils, concentrating on homophonic heterographic written forms when nouns and verbs end in the grammatical morphograms S and NT (eg. /lu/: loup or loups ; /pas/: (il) passe, (tu) passes or (ils) passent). These mute letters can be missing (les poule picore), abusive (la fille des voisins jouent) or inverted (les poissons nages ; tu les regardent). To validate our psycholinguistic hypotheses, articulating particularities of French spelling and children's cognitive development, we carry out an experimental project: the two dependent variables are noun and verb concords ; the three independent variables are morphograms S and NT, syntactical structures (among which inversion and remoteness of subject with regard to verb) and school levels (from second to seventh form). Our initial sample consists of 469 children, submitted to straightforward sentences dictations. Qualitative, quantitative and statistical data analysis shows a non-linear progression of performances and types of mistakes (genetic aspect) and allows a caracterization of "spelling ages" associating such coherent representation of the French graphic multisystem, such oustanding concord strategy (with spatial or grammatical criterion) and such bias errors. According to our theoretic framework, the sequence of these "spelling ages" expresses the progression from cognitive confusion to knowledge. Finally, on a didactic level, our results suggest another experimentation testing the effect teaching conditions have on the learning process of spelling, contrasting the declarative modality with the procedural modality
Leroy, Sarah. "Entre identification et catégorisation, l'antonomase du nom propre en français." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086307.
Full textUne synthèse des travaux existants permet de préciser la place de l'antonomase du nom propre dans les approches rhétoriques, grammaticales et linguistiques et de faire apparaître les problématiques linguistiques qui y sont liées : sémantique du nom propre, catégorisation, sens figuré, relations avec la métaphore.
Un repérage automatique sur corpus constitue le point de départ d'une description systématique des fonctionnements discursifs de l'antonomase, au niveau du groupe nominal antonomasique comme aux niveaux phrastique et transphrastique. Il s'en dégage une typologie basée sur le caractère in absentia ou in praesentia, ainsi que sur le type, prédicatif ou référentiel, de l'expression que constitue l'antonomase.
Les aspects sémantiques du phénomène sont ensuite abordés. Le rôle et l'importance du co(n)texte pour la production de sens sont mis en évidence, ainsi que la dimension coénonciative de cette production de sens à travers en particulier le caractère éminemment dialogique de l'antonomase. La dimension métaphorique est abordée dans ses relations étroites avec les caractéristiques morpho-syntaxiques de l'antonomase, afin de faire apparaître les divergences et les convergences sémantiques.
Ahronian, Céline. "Les noms composés anglais, français et espagnols du domaine d'Internet : traduction des composés anglais en français et en espagnol." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/ahronian_c.
Full textThis research is part of a perspective of translation assistance and neological creation. The scientific object is to draw up the linguistic profile of the English, French and Spanish compound nouns of the Internet lexicon and to design a method for translating the English compounds to come into French and Spanish built upon a standard equivalence system between the source and target compounds. The first part aims at outlining the compound noun and isolating compounds among all the lexical units. The morphosyntactic and semantic profile of the English, French and Spanish compound nouns of the Internet terminology is outlined in the second part so that translators can be supplied with the required information and the foundations for the future equivalence system can be laid. The terms were collected in a trilingual corpus made up of computer magazines. The analysis of the compounds is divided into three parts (morphosyntactic profile, semantic profile and combination rules). The methodological and theoretical background required to develop the standard equivalences is set in the third part. The creation of the English-French and English-Spanish equivalence system, the obtained results and the identification of the exceptions are also explained in this part. After having considered the interest of computerizing the equivalence system for translators, the research ends with the automation of the equivalence system, i. E. The design of a translation assistance tool. A multilingual terminological database is created
Olsson, Chloé. "La Traduction des Noms Propres Français : Les noms propres dans les textes socipolitiques et le risque d'incompréhension du lecteur suédois." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-66874.
Full textBraun, Valérie. "Les noms composés incluant un terme de couleur." Toulouse 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOU20043.
Full textThis thesis proposes a morphologic, semantic and syntaxic study of compound nouns including a color term in french. This study aims at understanding the functioning of these formations very numerous in French and finding the definitional criteria delimiting these nouns that have very varied structures such as ours blanc, feu rouge, travail au noir or vert-galant. By using a rich corpus containing more than 7000 forms, we undertook a systematic analyze of the phenomenon in order to give an overview of the creation process implemented. This work therefore provides numerous justifications for the substantial use of these locutions and for the dominant position of the color terms in the compounding. Finally, a classification considering the heterogeneity of the structures and of the formation process of the compound nouns including a color term reveals the wealth of the french combinatory
Guerrin, Christian. "Etude socio-toponymique de la variation dans les noms de communes françaises entre 1943 et 1996." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL307.
Full textThis thesis studies the changes in the names of the French villages between 1943 and 1996. Up to 10 % of the names have been changed. Some because they wanted their names changed or altered. Some have been decided by the French administration to merge different villages. All those modifications testify to a certain vitality in the naming process and show that the naming process is never ended. Studying modern names raises more sociological than phonetical or etymomological questions. The most common re-naming device remains compound nouns involving two names, though many new names resort to the adjunction of the name of a river or of the region. With two thousand adjunctions in fifty years, the average name does lengthen for miscellanous reasons. The same goes for the name complementizer. The modification ranges from a simple modification in spelling to a complete brand new name. This study has sometimes overflown the boundaries of the corpus in terms of time and space, dealing with compound toponyms and what appears to be a "grammar" in French toponymy. As i was more interested in sociolinguistics than etymology, i have raised issues in modern onomastics involving the present days and the future
Morel, Alexandra. "La protection des titres et des noms en droit nobiliaire français : XIXème-XXè siècle." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0015.
Full textPast and present are mixed in nobiliary subject. In France, even if the quality of noble has disappeared titles are still written down. Nevertheless it is possible to realize that, the Republic is not interested in these questions. The protection of titles and names is not so important as it was at the XIX th century. In front of this desertion, persons have replaced State. They have used different ways to defend themselves. Writs are more than useful in the protection of titles and names. Associations helps at the defence too
Lee, Seong-Heon. "Les classes d'objets d'évènements : Pour une typologie sémantique des noms prédicatifs d'évènements en français." Paris 13, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA131018.
Full textRoodenburg, Jasper. "Pour une approche scalaire de la déficience nominale : la position du français dans une théorie des "noms nus"." Paris 8, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA082570.
Full textWirth, Aude. "L'anthroponymie de la Lorraine romane du XIe au XVIIe siècle." Nancy 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NAN21004.
Full textBased on a corpus of more than 30 000 anthroponomical chains extracted mainly from original and unpublished documents, this thesis is a study on the Romance personal names of Lorraine from the XIth to the XVIIth century in a linguistic perspective. Each personal name is the subject of an article : historical data, classified according to formal criteria, are followed by an etymological note. The comment can be, for example, a discussion about the geographical distribution of old mentions or a lexicological study in the case of a delexical personal name. An analysis of the modern and contemporary surnames can sometimes follow. The article ends with a map of the data when this contributes to the analysis of the personal name. A thematic synthesis studies the fossilization of the second element in surname, the detoponomical and the compound anthroponyms, but especially anthroponomy's contribution to other domains of linguistics
Bouhlel, Ezzedine. "La fonction sujet et l'indétermination de son référent en français." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1485.
Full textTomduangkaew, Unsumarin. "L'usage des noms propres métaphoriques dans les textes : élaboration d'un outil lexical pour les apprenants en français langue étrangère." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE29035.
Full textThis thesis studies the use of metaphorical proper nouns in discourse (ex. "Non qu'il y ait le moindre problème technique comme le prétendent les Tartuffe"). The research is motivated by the difficulty encountered by foreign students when presented with the metaphorical proper nouns in texts they read. In order to fully understand these terms, one must understand firstly the cultural contexts behind them. The foreign students who do not share the same cultural background can have problems understanding and interpreting these proper nouns. However, the researcher believes that knowledge in linguistics also plays a significant part in reaching a good interpretation. Linguistics can be serves as a clue to specific use of this type of nouns. The observation of metaphorical proper nouns in discourse, from authentic and contextual data, helps us to analyse the different aspects of this linguistic phenomenon. More specifically, it permits us to see the patterns of syntaxic structures that will be used to explain the "local grammar" presented in this thesis. Besides of the linguistic interest, the cultural aspect associated with these proper nouns, considered as "words with cultural sharing", are what the researcher interested in as well. Metaphorical proper nouns provides us with their referent. More over, they have their culture value added, the value well known by native speakers but foreign to others. Considering of these two aspects, linguistic and culture, the researcher has developped a dictionnary of metaphorical proper nouns that may be useful for the foreign students in their learning of French language and culture
Barrier, Sébastien. "Une métagrammaire pour les noms prédicatifs du français : développement et expérimentations pour les grammaires TAG." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070010.
Full textIn this study, we analyze " support verb - predicative noun " French combinations, known as support verb patterns (also known as light verb patterns i English). The grammar we describe is intended to cornply not only with tree adjoining grammar formalism, but also with a more abstract language called metagrammar. In order to build an accurate and realistic syntactic lexicon, we use a corpus from the French daily Le Monde (developed at Paris 7 University), so as to represent only the most productive predicative nouns. The corpus allows us as well to check the regularities of support verb patterns in contemporary French. Applying our low-level grammar to a series of test sentences enables us to make sure that sentences whose descriptions used to be impossible or unsatisfactory may be adequately parsed. Our work is divided into 3 parts. The first part is a general overview of the support verb notion. It also introduces the metagrammar concept and ends with a presentation of the grammar we design. The second part is the core of the thesis and shows how the metagrammar is organized. The third part shows lexical preferencies and ends with the evaluation of the grammar we developed
Kim, Mi Hyun. "Étude contrastive de la phraséologie des noms d’éléments du corps en coréen et en français." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0011/document.
Full textThe hypothesis on which our work is based is that the comparison of the lexicalization of body element nouns (henceforth, NEC, Fr. nom d’élément du corps) and the phraseology of the NEC between two languages will make it possible to highlight the differences of conceptualization and culture between two societies.According to this hypothesis, our thesis deals with two main themes. Firstly, we study the Korean NEC (henceforth, NECC, Fr. nom d’élément du corps coréen) focusing on the neutral nouns of human external body elements. The NECC have universal characteristics: lexical richness, elements of the basic vocabulary, sources of the embodiment, physio-conceptual universals and their nature of semantic quasi-predicates. At the same time, the NECC show language-specific semantic, syntactic and morphological characteristics. The comparison of the lexicalization of the NECC and the French NEC shows that even if the elements of the body are physio-conceptual universals, there is no univocal lexical correspondence between the two languages.Secondly, we focus our attention on the NECC’s phraseology and its modeling in the Korean Lexical Network, a formal lexicographic model based on a relational conceptualization of the lexicon. We limit the NECC’s phraseology to collocations the NECC control (ex. koga oddukhada, ‘have a high and pretty nose’). Within the NECC’s phraseology, we also take into account the phraseologisation in a word-form (ex. napjakko, ‘flat nose’). We denote this morphological phraseme by the term morphologised collocation, as opposed to the lexical collocation. From the examination of lexical and morphologised collocations which NECC control, we can identify the semantic components of the definition of the NECC. After that, we propose a universal definition pattern of the NEC, which is the foundation of the explanatory model of the NEC’s phraseology. This model is based on the assumption that recurrent components can be found in the definitions of NEC. Different collocations (of the type Magn, Ver, Bon, Real1, in terms of Lexical Functions of the Meaning-Text Theory) are then generated from the semantism of these components. Finally, we compare the description of the phraseology of the NECC with that of the French NEC, in order to observe the various non-correspondences between the phrasemes of the two languages.This work deepens our understanding of phraseology in general and in specific languages (Korean and French), and highlights cultural differences encoded in both languages. It can also find applications in didactics and translation
Cusimano, Christophe. "Polysémie et noms de sentiments : essai de sémantique générale." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ006L/document.
Full textThe present work subscribes to the hypothetico-deductive method : the first phase is dedicated to develop a set of hypothesis concerning the tools for the semic analysis, the characteristics of the sentiments' nouns, all this in order to propose an explanation to the theoretic problems posed by polysemy. More than a bibliographic investigation of the works about polysemy, the focus here is to make new suggestions. Then we seek to put to the test these remarks through empirical studies, field enquiries above all, and fewer textual studies. Our approach is related to the linguistics of the Saussurian sign, to a semantics which aspire to be general, and a mainly synchronic perspective
Baumer, Emmanuel. "Noms propres et anaphores nominales en anglais et en français : étude comparée des chaînes de référence." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070020.
Full textThis thesis is a corpus-based comparative study of (co-)referential chains m English and French. Within the framework of A. Culioli's Theory of Enunciative Operations. The study focuses on maintained reference to single (human) individuals in two different text genres, i. E. Short stories and journalistic portraits, and aims at showing that the distribution of indexical referential expressions (particularly proper nouns and nominal anaphors) is not random, but primarily depends on several factors, such as (referent) competition, discourse structure and point of view, most of which operate at discourse rather than sentence-level
Bioud, Mounira. "Une normalisation de l'emploi de la majuscule et sa représentation formelle pour un système de vérification automatique des majuscules dans un texte." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA1002.
Full textThis research deals with the study of the problems relating to the use of the upper case letter from the point of view of Natural Language Processing for an automatic spelling correction. The use of the French capital letters suffers from a lack of fixed standardization which inevitably involves that they are used without methodology. This absence reveals on the one hand phenomenon called “majusculite” (abuse of the capital letters) and “minusculite” (abuse of small letters) and on the other hand the presence of spelling variants (la Montagne noire, la montagne Noire, la Montagne Noire, la montagne noire). The current spelling checkers seem unable to say which the good form is. The true direction of upper case letters tends to disappear and their relevance becoming less obvious. Such an amount of doubts, hesitations and fluctuations in the rules of employment, so many differences between the different authors return any attempt of automatic processing very difficult. This wobbly normality more particularly touches the proper nouns known as complex or “dénominations”. The most logical solution so that cease the drift, is to standardize the use of the capital letters. Basing us on various reference works, we worked out clear and logical rules governing the use of the capital letter in order to create a theoretical model of an automatic system checking capital letters. Thus, this solution sees the disappearance of the spelling variants whose existence also constitutes a major problem in research in extraction of fixed forms
Kim, Iee-Jung. "L'expression du but en français : des locutions conjontives finales aux substantifs prédicatifs de but." Paris 13, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA131006.
Full textReinberger, Marie-Laure. "Modélisation pour une construction dynamique de la signification : le cas des expressions adjectif-nom." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CLF20012.
Full textKrol, Marta. "A travers les "trous" et les "bosses" : les noms de ruptures de continuité." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR20001.
Full textWe have proved the linguistic relevance of a noun's lexical category which we have named "breaking continuity names" (Bcn). It is composed of words such as hole, bump, ridge, crack, groove, dent, lump and so on. Its distinctive and exclusive semantic attributes we have established are : [-regular], meaning they form a deviation from an abstract norm that is a "right form"; [+salient], meaning they come necessarily to the perception and entail a naming task ; [-teleological] meaning they are perceived as being without function within the whole-entity ; and [+multiple] meaning they very often identify a great number of occurrences. Other Bcn's features, not exclusive, are : [+subsequent], meaning they are perceived as entities temporally not coextensive with the whole-entity, [+natural], meaning they don't result from an intentional act, as the "archaeological signification" (they are understood as some earlier state's signs), and the fact they belong to the family of form names, with two consequent features : [hollow / full] and [line / area]. Whe also have established what the Bcn's 'behavioral program' consists of, and its two variants directed toward [+hollow] or [+full] Bcn. Moreover, we have demonstrated the involvement of the sense of touch in Bcn's meaning, just as the involvement of a surface's conceptual factor. At the same time, we have discussed the current part-whole relations taxonomy. We have suggested widen it in ordrer to put in a new meronomical kind that the Bcn imply : 'break - continuity'. We have also broached the localization's question, and proposed a new nouns of place definition. It makes it clear that the Bcn are not nouns of place, but only can possibly be, like every noun [+spatial], names of site
Monsaingeon, Maurice. "Anthroponymie de l'Auxois (Côte-d'Or) du XIe au XVIIIe siècle." Dijon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999DIJOL023.
Full textNashawati, Salma. "Le développement des expressions référentielles chez le jeune enfant : noms et pronoms dans des dialogues mère-enfant." Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030174/document.
Full textThe aim of this research is to study the way children acquire the referential use of nouns and pronouns in dialogues with their mother. The question is to determine whether the child acquires the pragmatics values of these referential expressions after their morpho-syntactic forms or at the same time? The analysis of our longitudinal data, three French-speaking children aged between 1;11 and 3 years, shows that determiner categories are gradually acquired and that the process implies the use of precursory phenomena, such as ‚filler-syllables‛. We also observe that young children show a certain ability to introduce, maintain and reintroduce referents with appropriate referential expressions. Those findings suggest that the referential valuesof nouns and pronouns are acquired from a very early age in French language
Baudiffier, Vanessa. "Rôle du caractère animé des noms dans la compréhension de phrases complexes : apport de l'inversion stylistique en français." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT5035.
Full textThis research is focused on the influence of noun animacy in the processing of Cleft Subject (CS), Cleft Object (CO) and Cleft Object with Stylistic inversion (COI) in French. We would like to determine when and how this semantic factor influence the processing of sentences which are syntactically complex. To this aim, several methodologies were used (self paced reading, eye movements during the reading of sentences. . . ). We found an interaction between syntactic complexity and noun animacy in French (as in English and in Dutch) : the difference between CS, CO and COI sentences with two animate (or inanimate) nouns (that we observed : CS
Bercker, François. "Étude comparative anglais/français des expressions figées figurées comportant un ou plusieurs noms de parties du corps humain." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030089.
Full textThis thesis studies the figurative use of the parts of the human body in idioms, both in english and in french. The first step of this research has consisted in listing these idioms in both languages, from various refderence books, ranging from the dictionary of idioms to the thermatic encyclopedia of set phrases with a figurative meaning. This dual corpus compiles a total of 1946 idioms. It is then analyzed from theree different and complementary points of wiew. The first approach is syntactical and lexical, it shows the choice of both the parts of the body and the predicates associated to them in these idioms is influenced by the typicality both of the formers as regards their use and perception and of the latters as regards the expression of human behaviours. The second approach is semantic and studies what parts of the reality are conceptualized by these idioms and in what figurative tems they are conceptualized. The third and last approach considers the sue of these idioms, from an extra corpus of utterances including siome of them. It shows how the use of such idioms is linbked to a limited set of situations in which they establish an implicit consensus between the parthers of the speech act on what is being said. It also suggests possible applications, such as a help in the recovery of the capacity to use the body figuratively for certain brain-damaged patients
Scherer, Maxi. "Le nom en droit international privé : étude de droit comparé français et allemand." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010291.
Full textNotter, Jean-Cyrille. "Toponymie des îles créoles de l’océan Indien." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0020/document.
Full textFrench territories in the late eighteenth century, the archipelagos of Mascarene, Seychelles and Chagos experienced a different political destiny. All of these islands except Reunion became English-speaking. Yet today, we make an essential observation, paradoxical in appearance: these islands still have a mostly French-speaking toponymy. This ascertainment is at the origin of this research supported by a thematic and georeferenced database of about 6600 place names. Thanks to this tool, an analyse has been carried according to several criteria such as the languages, the semantic values, the natures and importance of designated elements and the spatial distribution. The question about appropriation and evolution of place names is also examined and analysed. This work constitutes a base, open and evolutive, for further works
Constanza, Joëlle. "Nom propre et nomination : Etude d'un cas : la nomination des hommes politiques dans la presse écrite française." Thesis, Tours, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUR2011/document.
Full textThe linguistically defined form of proper name corresponds to a speech act, governed by social conventions and founded by a nomination act which refers to a particular individual. The traditional criteria used to distinguish the proper name from the common noun and to predict its so said marginal functioning are not sufficient to define it as a linguistic category and even less so as a speech phenomenon. We consider the proper name in a more general frame, as a facet of nomination (which it is), using a dynamic speech process where one can study its discursive functions and its different types of uses in context. The aim of our work is to study the activity of nomination in a specific media genre, the written press, and to uncover the issues at stake regarding this activity, specifically in the construction of information in each of the press titles we retained and in the construction of media representations when politicians are concerned. We here undertake a systematic study of the language resources available for the enunciator (mostly the journalist) to name the other, to refer to alterity. To do so, we first take an inventory of the different nomination procedures regarding French politicians in five written press French newspapers, we then analyse the semantico-referential functioning of these different forms (including the proper name) and finally observe weither the nomination undergoes the characteristic constraints of this specific media genre, considered as a discursive genre in the tradition of the Ecole Française of discourse analysis
Bertin, Thomas. "La polysémie des noms de parties du corps humain en français : analyse sémantique de artère, bouche, coeur épaule et pied." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR077/document.
Full textThis study comes within the scope of lexical semantics. More specifically, it deals with the topic of polysemy in the nominals. As a first step, theoretical issues of such a research are clarified. It leads to focus on the concept of semantic invariant to give an insight into the semantic identity of a given noun regardless of its contextual variations. As a second step, the empirical object of this research – human body part nouns in contemporary French – is delimited. This gives an opportunity to justify the choice of these nouns as a field of research and to set out the methodological approach. The rest of the dissertation consists in the empirical investigation itself. First of all, an overall description of the semantic variation of the French human body part nouns is provided. Then, a semantic analysis of the noun cœur (“heart”) is developed: on one hand, a semantic invariant – suiting all cœur's contextual variations (au cœur du sujet, Paul a mal au cœur, avoir à cœur de réussir…) – is formulated; on the other hand, it is shown how this variation is deeply regular. Eventually, four more nouns (artère “artery”, épaule “shoulder”, bouche “mouth” and pied “foot”) are studied from a semantic point of view. Each of these four studies offers a new opportunity to test the relevance of the semantic invariant concept in order to give an account of the polysemy in the nominals
Chovanová, Iveta. "Morphologie constructionnelle du slovaque et éléments de comparaison avec le français : les adjectifs dénominaux construits par composition et dérivation." Phd thesis, Université Nancy II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659159.
Full textSadoudi, Hanane. "Traitement des expressions figées dans la traduction humaine. : Analyse de corpus bilingue français-arabe." Thesis, Paris 5, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA05H036.
Full textThis study is an approach to various problems raised bu the translations of frozen expressions. It is founded on the specific case of the french-arabic translation by analyzing a bilingual corpus composed of idioms in French (source language) and their Arabic translation (targuet language). Our work is organized in two parts ; in the first we study the notion of rigidification and the various structures that it covers, and olso the notion of translation with related concepts through 20th century linguistic and translational theories. In the second part we analyze our corpus : first to make sure it really represents frozen expressions, then to know the strategies adopted by the translator to translate idioms. The corpus is extracted from the articles appeared in the French edition of the le Monde diplomatique and their translations into Arabic in the same newspaper
Carpin, Gervais. "Histoire d'un mot : l'ethnonyme "Canadien" de 1535 à 1691." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/24047.
Full textKnaz, Wissem. "Les prédicats nominaux autonomes humains : les classes d'objets des , des et des ." Paris 13, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA131006.
Full textOur study deals with the autonomous nominal predicates belonging to the trait [human]. So, the construction, No «human » is Npré «human » Prép N1, is too vague to determine the human autonomous nominal predicates. Indeed, it is necessary, not only, to select these human predicative names according to the verb support which updates them and according to the class of objects to which they belong but also to specify their arguments in terms of classes of objects and not only in terms of traits, otherwise we would generate impossible sentences. If the human autonomous nominal predicates are defined by the support to be, they do not, nevertheless, have all of them, the same syntactical behavior. Which leads us to consider the various syntaxes of the human autonomous nominal predicates to establish, later on, their classes of objects and then plan their adequate updating during the automatic generation of the sentences. So, the objective of our work is to elaborate a semantic typology of the human autonomous nominal predicates belonging to the class of objects of the «public services», the « military ranks » and the «religious titles» relying on a lexicographical corpus about the human autonomous nominal predicates taken from the "Petit Robert Informatisé" and illustrated by some certificates made from the textual base of Frantext Catégorisée and that of the newspaper Le Monde and Europresse. Com