Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Non-alignement'
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Abdelli, Abdelmajid. "Les États Arabes et le non-alignement." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10011.
Full textNon-alignement is an internationally dimentional doctrine whose judicial foundations we tried to demonstrate in this work. It consists in instituting a new political, economic and cultural order based on peace, equality and social justice. This doctrine has three streams of thought as a principle source : indian, yugoslavian and arab. The arab stream is of great importance in this doctrine. Actually, all the members of the arab league are full members of the non-alignement movement. But, a present, the arab world has become a major stake for foreign powers due to its geostrategic position and to the raw metarial that its soil contains. Arab states, therefore, have a different conception of non-alignment. On the one hand some states struggle to impose nonalignment as a determinant factor in international relations. On the other hand, other arab states align themselves with one or the other with the two blocs, which constitues a threat to world peace. How to avoid these contradictions first at the level of the arab states, then at the level of the movement itself ? there is undoubtedly an interpenetration in the interests of the arab states. There is a link imposed by common factors of integration which reinforces the etablishment of community institutions in order to overcome the tragic oppositions by remaining faithful to non-alignment. This is why we applied the idea of an arab non-alignment committee. Once the organization at the regional level is fulfilled, non-alignment will take benefit from it. It must in its turn, be organized to stop being an ephemeral philosophy as the last sixties suggested it would be. At present, non-alignment also suffers from the attitude of some of its members which is all the more harmful as it is rendered possible by the negative definition of the admission criteria, which is not actually practised. As a remedy for this we suggest : - a positive definition of non-alignment criteria ; - a status which distinguishes it as a movement different from other approximate concept, parti- cularly that of neutrality ; - permanent headquarters. Such an institutionalisation, along with the reorganization at the level of the arab states which negatively as well as positively influence the movement, prevents it from the dangerous hypertrophy in which it started to sink since its members constitue more than two thirds (2 3) of the whole international community
Abdelli, Abdelmajid. "Les Etats arabes et le non-alignement." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376020465.
Full textN'Zelomona, Berthin. "Le Congo et le non-alignement (1963-1983)." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010637.
Full textThis thesis studies the doctrines and the policy of non-alignment of the Congo's regimes from 1963 to 1983. It was indeed in 1963 that the second republic adopted a "radical" non-alignment whose principal aim was to enforce on open and antibloc foreign policy. This was designed not only to provide the economy with massive and diversified aid but also to strengthen the cohesion of the non-aligned countries so as to bring about the democratisation of the international relations. However, the 1968's marxist coup d'etat brought Congo under the soviet political wing. Henceforth, Congo defended the "natural alliance" between non-aligned and socialist countries and became the axis of the sovieto-cuban expansionism in africa (the seizure of angola). Though, the soviet imperialism proved to be as ruinous as the western one. The third marxist party conference of 1979 decided therefore to change this policy. The liberalisation of the economy was a temporary success. While the alignment on moscou was maintained contradicting the true non-alignment officially undertaken by Congo at the sixth Havana's conference of 1979
Laroche, Josepha. "Le non-alignement dans les strategies de l'inde et de l'egypte." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA111017.
Full textLaroche, Josepha. "Le Non-alignement dans les stratégies de l'Inde et de l'Egypte." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375989892.
Full textHussain, Ghazi Fayçal. "Le Non-alignement irakien recherche sur 15 années de politique étrangère, 1968-1983." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594813k.
Full textHENRI, SNOUSSI. "L'evolution du mouvement du non-alignement dans les relations internationales de 1955 a 1994." Rennes 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN11033.
Full textWang, Wei. "Alignement pratique de structure-séquence d'ARN avec pseudonœuds." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS563/document.
Full textAligning macromolecules such as proteins, DNAs and RNAs in order to reveal, or conversely exploit, their functional homology is a classic challenge in bioinformatics, with far-reaching applications in structure modelling and genome annotation. In the specific context of complex RNAs, featuring pseudoknots, multiple interactions and non-canonical base pairs, multiple algorithmic solutions and tools have been proposed for the structure sequence alignment problem. However, such tools are seldom used in practice, due in part to their extreme computational demands, and because of their inability to support general types of structures. Recently, Rinaudo et al. gave a fully general parameterised algorithm for structure-sequence comparison, which is able to take as input any type of pseudoknotted structures. The parameterised algorithm is a tree decomposition based dynamic programming. To accelerate the dynamic programming algorithm without losing two much accuracy, we introduced a banded dynamic programming. Then three algorithms are introduced to get the suboptimal structure-sequence alignments. Furthermore, we introduce the notation Maximum Expected structure-sequence Alignment (MEA) to compute an alignment with maximum expected accuracy over a set of alignments. The Boltzmann match probability are computed based on the inside-outside algorithm. The algorithms are implemented in a software named LiCoRNA (aLignment of Complex RNAs). We first evaluate the performance of LiCoRNA on the seed alignment in the pseudoknotted RFAM families. Compared to the state-of-the-art algorithms, LiCoRNA shows generally equivalent or better results than its competitors. With the high accuracy showed by LiCoRNA, we further curate RFAM full pseudoknotted alignment. The reason why we realign full alignments is that covariance model does not support pseudoknot which may lead to misalign when building the full alignment
Boquérat, Gilles. "Les avatars du non-alignement : l'Inde et les politiques d'aide américaine et soviétique de l'indépendance à la conférence de Tachkent, 1947-1966 /." Paris : Publications de la Sorbonne, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35869651d.
Full textSoheily-Khah, Saeid. "Generalized k-means-based clustering for temporal data under time warp." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM064/document.
Full textTemporal alignment of multiple time series is an important unresolved problem in many scientific disciplines. Major challenges for an accurate temporal alignment include determining and modeling the common and differential characteristics of classes of time series. This thesis is motivated by recent works in extending Dynamic time warping for aligning multiple time series from several applications including speech recognition, curve matching, micro-array data analysis, temporal segmentation or human motion. However these DTW-based works suffer of several limitations: 1) They address the problem of aligning two time series regardless of the remaining time series, 2) They involve uniformly the features of the multiple time series, 3) The time series are aligned globally by including the whole observations. The aim of this thesis is to explore a generalized dynamic time warping for time series clustering. This work includes first the problem of prototype extraction, then the alignment of multiple and multidimensional time series
Allain, Benjamin. "Suivi volumétrique de formes 3D non rigides." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM017/document.
Full textIn this thesis we propose algorithms for tracking 3D deformable shapes in motion from multiview video. Although series of reconstructed 3D shapes can be obtained by applying a static reconstruction algorithm to each temporal frame independently, such series do not represent motion. Instead, we want to provide a temporally coherent representation of the sequence of shapes resulting from temporal evolutions of a shape. Precisely, we want to represent the observed shape sequence as a 3D surface mesh whose vertices move in time but whose topology is constant.In contrast with most existing approaches, we propose to represent the motion of inner shape volumes, with the aim of better accounting for the volumetric nature of the observed object. We provide a fully volumetric approach to the fundamental problems of deformable shape tracking, which are the association between corresponding shape elements and the deformation model. In particular, we extend to a volumetric shape representation the EM-ICP tracking framework and the association-by-detection strategy.Furthermore, in order to better constrain the shape tracking problem, we propose a model for the temporal evolution of deformation. Our deformation model defines a shape space parametrized by variables that capture local deformation properties of the shape and whose values are automatically learned during the tracking process.We validate our tracking algorithms on several multiview video sequences with ground truth (silhouette and marker-based tracking). Our results are better or comparable to state of the art approaches.Finally, we show that volumetric tracking and the shape representation we choose can be leveraged for producing shape animations which combine captured and simulatated motion
Abenhaim, Gad Noriel. "Méthode de recalage non rigide : application au contrôle géométrique de pièces souples à l'état libre ayant une spécification limitant les forces de montage." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5463.
Full textBelghiti, Moulay Tayeb. "Modélisation et techniques d'optimisation en bio-informatique et fouille de données." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ISAM0002.
Full textThis Ph.D. thesis is particularly intended to treat two types of problems : clustering and the multiple alignment of sequence. Our objective is to solve efficiently these global problems and to test DC Programming approach and DCA on real datasets. The thesis is divided into three parts : the first part is devoted to the new approaches of nonconvex optimization-global optimization. We present it a study in depth of the algorithm which is used in this thesis, namely the programming DC and the algorithm DC ( DCA). In the second part, we will model the problem clustering in three nonconvex subproblems. The first two subproblems are distinguished compared to the choice from the norm used, (clustering via norm 1 and 2). The third subproblem uses the method of the kernel, (clustering via the method of the kernel). The third part will be devoted to bioinformatics, one goes this focused on the modeling and the resolution of two subproblems : the multiple alignment of sequence and the alignment of sequence of RNA. All the chapters except the first end in numerical tests
Vimond, Myriam. "Inférence statistique par des transformées de Fourier pour des modèles de régression semi-paramétriques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00185102.
Full textHaddash, Salahuddin M. "La division et les tentatives de réunification des deux Etats yéménites : 1839-1981." Rouen, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ROUEL064.
Full textThe division of the Yemen into two States is a consequence of British domination in the South (1839) and Ottoman domination in the North (1872). This separation was confirmed by the establishment of a frontier separating the two Yemen in 1914. The failure of the independent North to free the South from British colonialism, led the Northern Kingdom in 1934 to recognise the division and the republican regime in 1962 to accept the right of the people of the South to self determination. On their side, the people of the South became involved in an armed struggle which resulted in the creation of an independent State in 1967, which was "conditionally" recognised by North Yemen. The two Yemen States have tried on two occasions to achieve political unity. The first occasion was in 1972 with the project for the creation of a united Yemen State. The second occasion was in 1981 with the creation of the Yemeni council of cooperation. However, the ideological contradictions between the islamic North and the marxist South remains a fundamental internal obstacle to unity. Finally, the divergence between the non aligned North and the South aligned with the Soviet Union constitutes an external obstacle to the realisation of a united Yemen
Dilmi, Mohamed Djallel. "Méthodes de classification des séries temporelles : application à un réseau de pluviomètres." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS087.pdf.
Full textThe impact of climat change on the temporal evolution of precipitation as well as the impact of the Parisian heat island on the spatial distribution of précipitation motivate studying the varaibility of the water cycle on a small scale on île-de-france. one way to analyse this varaibility using the data from a rain gauge network is to perform a clustring on time series measured by this network. In this thesis, we have explored two approaches for time series clustring : for the first approach based on the description of series by characteristics, an algorithm for selecting characteristics based on genetic algorithms and topological maps has been proposed. for the second approach based on shape comparaison, a measure of dissimilarity (iterative downscaling time warping) was developed to compare two rainfall time series. Then the limits of the two approaches were discuddes followed by a proposition of a mixed approach that combine the advantages of each approach. The approach was first applied to the evaluation of spatial variability of precipitation on île-de-france. For the evaluation of the temporal variability of the precpitation, a clustring on the precipitation events observed by a station was carried out then extended on the whole rain gauge network. The application on the historical series of Paris-Montsouris (1873-2015) makes it possible to automatically discriminate "remarkable" years from a meteorological point of view
Ingemann, Hansen Frederikke. "Le Danemark et la Guerre froide, 1945-1968." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040036.
Full textDuring the Cold War from 1945 to 1968, the small state of Denmark, firmly consolidated within a strong tradition of neutrality, adopted non-alignment as the answer to bipolarisation, until the aggravation of the East-West conflict obliged it to take a stand.Denmark became a brick of the two Great Powers, but the position that Denmark took goes beyond the limits of the traditional submission to the requirements of big states. Denmark insisted on placing itself between the East and the West by adopting a double-headed line of policy regarding each bloc: integration and isolation towards the West and intimidation and appeasement towards the East. Denmark aligned with the West without ever jeopardizing its good neighbourly relations with the USSR. The objective was twofold: to prevent Denmark from being exposed to an external aggression by not provoking the Soviets. The Soviet Union did not attempt to attack Denmark despite the geographical proximity of the two nations; it reached its objectives without risking a war
Caillaud, Franck-Emmanuel. "La politique de sécurité espagnole depuis la mort du général Franco 1975-1991 : Défense, diplomatie et terrorisme." Grenoble 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991GRE21027.
Full textThe author treats spain's security policy since the death of general franco. He describes the conditions in which spain became an integrated parts of the western defence system through this country's membership of nato and weo. He studies the principal lines of the spanish defence policy, the protection of its strategic geographical limits : balearic islands, gibraltar and the canaries, the defence of the "presidios" of ceuta and melilla. The author the develops the following themes stressing spain's diplomatic role : - spain and non-alignment, - spain and disarmament, - spain and the conflicts in central america, - spain's position in the "gulf crisis". Finally, the author shows the fundamental role played by the spanish diplomacy in the fight against terrorism in the basque country
Rivière, Charles. "Kinematic alignment technique for total knee replacement : rational, current evidence, potential concerns." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4103.
Full textThe conventional technique for TKA, namely mechanical alignment (MA), does not preserve the constitutional limb anatomy but systematically creates a straight limb. Excellent long-term implant survivorship has been reported, but functional outcomes are disappointing. To solve this problem, an alternative technique for TKA, namely kinematic alignment (KA), has recently been promoted and aims at restoring the constitutional (pre-arthritic) knee anatomy and laxity. Mid-term outcomes have shown excellent functional outcomes with this new KA technique. However, KA technique is currently done with TKA implants designed to be mechanically inserted. Their trochlea design does not reproduce the native trochlear anatomy, which could lead to increased rate of patellar complications with KA TKA. This work aims at demonstrating technical limitations of MA technique, good reproducibility of KA technique, and inappropriateness of current implant to restore patient trochlea anatomy
Godard, Pierre. "Unsupervised word discovery for computational language documentation." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS062/document.
Full textLanguage diversity is under considerable pressure: half of the world’s languages could disappear by the end of this century. This realization has sparked many initiatives in documentary linguistics in the past two decades, and 2019 has been proclaimed the International Year of Indigenous Languages by the United Nations, to raise public awareness of the issue and foster initiatives for language documentation and preservation. Yet documentation and preservation are time-consuming processes, and the supply of field linguists is limited. Consequently, the emerging field of computational language documentation (CLD) seeks to assist linguists in providing them with automatic processing tools. The Breaking the Unwritten Language Barrier (BULB) project, for instance, constitutes one of the efforts defining this new field, bringing together linguists and computer scientists. This thesis examines the particular problem of discovering words in an unsegmented stream of characters, or phonemes, transcribed from speech in a very-low-resource setting. This primarily involves a segmentation procedure, which can also be paired with an alignment procedure when a translation is available. Using two realistic Bantu corpora for language documentation, one in Mboshi (Republic of the Congo) and the other in Myene (Gabon), we benchmark various monolingual and bilingual unsupervised word discovery methods. We then show that using expert knowledge in the Adaptor Grammar framework can vastly improve segmentation results, and we indicate ways to use this framework as a decision tool for the linguist. We also propose a tonal variant for a strong nonparametric Bayesian segmentation algorithm, making use of a modified backoff scheme designed to capture tonal structure. To leverage the weak supervision given by a translation, we finally propose and extend an attention-based neural segmentation method, improving significantly the segmentation performance of an existing bilingual method
Ingemann, Hansen Frederikke. "Le Danemark et la Guerre froide, 1945-1968." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040036.
Full textDuring the Cold War from 1945 to 1968, the small state of Denmark, firmly consolidated within a strong tradition of neutrality, adopted non-alignment as the answer to bipolarisation, until the aggravation of the East-West conflict obliged it to take a stand.Denmark became a brick of the two Great Powers, but the position that Denmark took goes beyond the limits of the traditional submission to the requirements of big states. Denmark insisted on placing itself between the East and the West by adopting a double-headed line of policy regarding each bloc: integration and isolation towards the West and intimidation and appeasement towards the East. Denmark aligned with the West without ever jeopardizing its good neighbourly relations with the USSR. The objective was twofold: to prevent Denmark from being exposed to an external aggression by not provoking the Soviets. The Soviet Union did not attempt to attack Denmark despite the geographical proximity of the two nations; it reached its objectives without risking a war
Houzet, Julien. "Alignement moléculaire : caractérisation et application à la mesure de thermalisation ultra-rapide et au contrôle de génération d'harmoniques." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01005137.
Full textChafaa, Irched. "Machine learning for beam alignment in mmWave networks." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG044.
Full textTo cope with the ever increasing mobile data traffic, an envisioned solution for future wireless networks is to exploit the large available spectrum in the millimeter wave (mmWave) band. However, communicating at these high frequencies is very challenging as the transmitted signal suffers from strong attenuation, which leads to a limited propagation range and few multipath components (sparse mmWave channels). Hence, highly-directional beams have to be employed to focus the signal energy towards the intended user and compensate all those losses. Such beams need to be steered appropriately to guarantee a reliable communication link. This represents the so called beam alignment problem where the beams of the transmitter and the receiver need to be constantly aligned. Moreover, beam alignment policies need to support devices mobility and the unpredicted dynamics of the network, which result in significant signaling and training overhead affecting the overall performance. In the first part of the thesis, we formulate the beam alignment problem via the adversarial multi-armed bandit framework, which copes with arbitrary network dynamics including non-stationary or adversarial components. We propose online and adaptive beam alignment policies relying only on one-bit feedback to steer the beams of both nodes of the communication link in a distributed manner. Building on the well-known exponential weights algorithm (EXP3) and by exploiting the sparse nature of mmWave channels, we propose a modified policy (MEXP3), which comes with optimal theoretical guarantees in terms of asymptotic regret. Moreover, for finite horizons, our regret upper-bound is tighter than that of the original EXP3 suggesting better performance in practice. We then introduce an additional modification that accounts for the temporal correlation between successive beams and propose another beam alignment policy (NBT-MEXP3). In the second part of the thesis, deep learning tools are investigated to select mmWave beams in an access point -- user link. We leverage unsupervised deep learning to exploit the channel knowledge at sub-6 GHz and predict beamforming vectors in the mmWave band; this complex channel-beam mapping is learned via data issued from the DeepMIMO dataset and lacking the ground truth. We also show how to choose an optimal size of our neural network depending on the number of transmit and receive antennas at the access point. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of training data availability and introduce a federated learning (FL) approach to predict the beams of multiple links by sharing only the parameters of the locally trained neural networks (and not the local data). We investigate both synchronous and asynchronous FL methods. Our numerical simulations show the high potential of our approach, especially when the local available data is scarce or imperfect (noisy). At last, we compare our proposed deep learning methods with reinforcement learning methods derived in the first part. Simulations show that choosing an appropriate beam steering method depends on the target application and is a tradeoff between rate performance and computational complexity
Braux-Zin, Jim. "Contributions aux problèmes de l'étalonnage extrinsèque d'affichages semi-transparents pour la réalité augmentée et de la mise en correspondance dense d'images." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF1MM13/document.
Full textAugmented reality is the process of inserting virtual elements into a real scene, observed through a screen. Augmented Reality systems can take different forms to get the desired balance between three criteria: accuracy, latency and robustness. Three main components can be identified: localization, reconstruction and display. The contributions of this thesis are focused on display and reconstruction. Most augmented reality systems use non-transparent screens as they are widely available. However, for critical applications such as surgery or driving assistance, the user cannot be ever isolated from reality. We answer this problem by proposing a new “augmented tablet” system with a semi-transparent screen. Such a system needs a suitable calibration scheme:to correctly align the displayed augmentations and reality, one need to know at every moment the poses of the user and the observed scene with regard to the screen. Two tracking devices (user and scene) are thus necessary, and the system calibration aims to compute the pose of those devices with regard to the screen. The calibration process set up in this thesis is as follows: the user indicates the apparent projections in the screen of reference points from a known 3D object ; then the poses to estimate should minimize the 2D on-screen distance between those projections and the ones computed by the system. This is a non-convex problem difficult to solve without a sane initialization. We develop a direct estimation method by computing the extrinsic parameters of virtual cameras. Those are defined by their optical centers which coincide with user positions, and their common focal plane consisting of the screen plane. The user-entered projections are then the 2D observations of the reference points in those virtual cameras. A symmetrical thinking allows one to define virtual cameras centered on the reference points, and “looking at” the user positions. Those initial estimations can then be refined with a bundle adjustment. Meanwhile, 3D reconstruction is based on the triangulation of matches between images. Those matches can be sparse when computed by detection and description of image features or dense when computed through the minimization of a cost function of the whole image. A dense correspondence field is better because it makes it possible to reconstruct a 3D surface, useful especially for realistic handling of occlusions for augmented reality. However, such a field is usually estimated thanks to variational methods, minimizing a convex cost function using local information. Those methods are accurate but subject to local minima, thus limited to small deformations. In contrast, sparse matches can be made very robust by using adequately discriminative descriptors. We propose to combine the advantages of those two approaches by adding a feature-based term into a dense variational method. It helps prevent the optimization from falling into local minima without degrading the end accuracy. Our feature-based term is suited to feature with non-integer coordinates and can handle point or line segment matches while implicitly filtering false matches. We also introduce comprehensive handling of occlusions so as to support large deformations. In particular, we have adapted and generalized a local method for detecting selfocclusions. Results on 2D optical flow and wide-baseline stereo disparity estimation are competitive with the state of the art, with a simpler and most of the time faster method. This proves that our contributions enables new applications of variational methods without degrading their accuracy. Moreover, the weak coupling between the components allows great flexibility and genericness. This is the reason we were able to also transpose the proposed method to the problem of non-rigid surface registration and outperforms the state of the art methods
Duchenne, Olivier. "Non-rigid image alignment for object recognition." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00906074.
Full textBentivegna, Florian. "L'effet kerr optique dans des gels inorganiques dopes, source d'un effet memoire tout-optique." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 1995. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00713894.
Full textKobiita, Ahmad. "Un décalage de l'alimentation déclenche une asynchronie entre l'horloge circadienne centrale et les horloges périphériques et engendre un syndrome métabolique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ003/document.
Full textThe sequence of molecular events through which alterations in externals cues may impinge on circadian clocks, and generate pathologies, was mostly unknown. During my thesis work, I have molecularly deciphered, how switching feeding in mice, from the “active” to the "rest" phase [Restricted Feeding (RF)] , alters the metabolism through hypoinsulinemia during the “active” phase, leading to increased PPARα activity, thereby reprograming both metabolism and RevErbα expression and leads to a 12h circadian clock-shift in peripheral tissues.Most notably, the lack of PPARα expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) prevents a shift of the central clock. Therefore, the “active” and “rest” phases controlled by the SCN clock and gene expression controlled by the peripheral circadian clocks are misaligned. Most interestingly, this misalignment generates a metabolic syndrome-like pathology, similar to that associated with shiftwork schedules
Abdou, Mehdi. "L'alignement du droit marocain du transport aérien et son volet sécuritaire sur le droit de l'Union européenne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR153.
Full textInternational bilateral cooperation is based on normative cooperation. Most often, this is called harmonization or normative convergence. Yet today, a new form of cooperation is emerging in the context of the European Union - Third States relationship. This will be qualified as normative alignment. Indeed, this new concept aims beyond a convergence between legal systems. This is the new configuration of the Euro-Moroccan air link
Durand, Tom. "L'intransitivité scindée dans les langues arawak." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INAL0012/document.
Full textIn this thesis I study in depth the split intransitivity in the Arawak family of languages of South America. The grammatical analysis of the split intransitivity phenomenon is based on both their semantico-pragmatical motivations and their morphosyntactical realizations according to grammatical categories, valence changes and TAM. Besides, I also take into account constructions involving other types such as nominalized verbs and differential marking.This study not only reveals the existence of a rich diversity of split intransitivity patterns within this family, but it also proposes paths to understand the diachrony of such patterns, involving shifts from ergative alignment to accusative alignment, for which the effects of language contact may have played an important role. In this connection, the study sheds light onto the ways split intransitivity has implication for alignment-type and it is thus of interest for language typology
Al, Chami Zahi. "Estimation de la qualité des données multimedia en temps réel." Thesis, Pau, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PAUU3066.
Full textOver the past decade, data providers have been generating and streaming a large amount of data, including images, videos, audio, etc. In this thesis, we will be focusing on processing images since they are the most commonly shared between the users on the global inter-network. In particular, treating images containing faces has received great attention due to its numerous applications, such as entertainment and social media apps. However, several challenges could arise during the processing and transmission phase: firstly, the enormous number of images shared and produced at a rapid pace requires a significant amount of time to be processed and delivered; secondly, images are subject to a wide range of distortions during the processing, transmission, or combination of many factors that could damage the images’content. Two main contributions are developed. First, we introduce a Full-Reference Image Quality Assessment Framework in Real-Time, capable of:1) preserving the images’content by ensuring that some useful visual information can still be extracted from the output, and 2) providing a way to process the images in real-time in order to cope with the huge amount of images that are being received at a rapid pace. The framework described here is limited to processing those images that have access to their reference version (a.k.a Full-Reference). Secondly, we present a No-Reference Image Quality Assessment Framework in Real-Time. It has the following abilities: a) assessing the distorted image without having its distortion-free image, b) preserving the most useful visual information in the images before publishing, and c) processing the images in real-time, even though the No-Reference image quality assessment models are considered very complex. Our framework offers several advantages over the existing approaches, in particular: i. it locates the distortion in an image in order to directly assess the distorted parts instead of processing the whole image, ii. it has an acceptable trade-off between quality prediction accuracy and execution latency, andiii. it could be used in several applications, especially these that work in real-time. The architecture of each framework is presented in the chapters while detailing the modules and components of the framework. Then, a number of simulations are made to show the effectiveness of our approaches to solve our challenges in relation to the existing approaches
Al, Assimi Abdel-Basset. "Gestion de l'évolution non centralisée de documents parallèles multilingues." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10127.
Full textBouchard, Louis. "Reconstruction tridimensionnelle pour projection sur surfaces arbitraires." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9826.
Full textThis thesis falls within the field of computer vision. It focuses on stereoscopic camera calibration, camera-projector matching, 3D reconstruction, projector blending, point cloud meshing, and surface parameterization. Conducted as part of the LightTwist project at the Vision3D laboratory, the work presented in this thesis aims to facilitate video projections on large surfaces of arbitrary shape using more than one projector. This type of projection is often seen in theater, digital arts, and architectural projections. To this end, we begin with the calibration of the cameras, followed by a piecewise 3D reconstruction using an active unstructured light scanning method. An automated alignment and meshing of the partial reconstructions yields a complete 3D model of the projection surface. This thesis then introduces a new approach for the parameterization of 3D models based on an efficient computation of geodesic distances across triangular meshes. The only input required from the user is the manual selection of the boudaries of the projection area on the model. The final parameterization is computed using the geodesic distances obtained for each of the model's vertices. Until now, existing methods did not permit the parameterization of models having a million vertices or more.