Academic literature on the topic 'Non-aqueous life'
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Journal articles on the topic "Non-aqueous life"
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Badescu, Viorel. "Free-floating planets as potential seats for aqueous and non-aqueous life." Icarus 216, no. 2 (2011): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2011.09.013.
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Li, Guangchao, Zhewei Yang, Zhoulan Yin, et al. "Non-aqueous dual-carbon lithium-ion capacitors: a review." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 26 (2019): 15541–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta01246j.
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Lithium-ion capacitors have attracted tremendous attention among various electrochemical energy storage systems, benefitting from the merits of high energy density, high power output, long cycle life and favorable chemical stability.
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Tobishima, Shinichi, Yoshihiko Ogino, and Yu Watanabe. "Safety and Cycle Life of Non-Aqueous Lithium Cells with Organic Additives." Key Engineering Materials 248 (August 2003): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.248.147.
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Malmberg, Siret, Mati Arulepp, Krista Laanemets, et al. "The Performance of Fibrous CDC Electrodes in Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Electrolytes." C 7, no. 2 (2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/c7020046.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the electrochemical behaviour of aqueous electrolytes on thin-layer (20 µm) nanoporous carbide-derived carbon (CDC) composite fibrous directly electrospun electrodes without further carbonisation. There have been previously investigated fibrous electrodes, which are produced by applying different post-treatment processes, however this makes the production of fibrous electrodes more expensive, complex and time consuming. Furthermore, in the present study high specific capacitance was achieved with directly electrospun nanoporous CDC-based fibrous electrodes in different neutral aqueous electrolytes. The benefit of fibrous electrodes is the advanced mechanical properties compared to the existing commercial electrode technologies based on pressure-rolled or slurry-cast powder mix electrodes. Such improved mechanical properties are preferred in more demanding applications, such as in the space industry. Electrospinning technology also allows for larger electrode production capacities without increased production costs. In addition to the influence of aqueous electrolyte chemical composition, the salt concentration effects and cycle stability with respect to organic electrolytes are investigated. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements on electrospun electrodes showed the highest capacitance for asymmetrical cells with an aqueous 1 M NaNO3-H2O electrolyte. High CV capacitance was correlated with constant current charge–discharge (CC) data, for which a specific capacitance of 191 F g−1 for the positively charged electrode and 311 F g−1 for the negatively charged electrode was achieved. The investigation of electrolyte salt concentration on fibrous electrodes revealed the typical capacitance dependence on ionic conductivity with a peak capacitance at medium concentration levels. The cycle-life measurements of selected two-electrode test cells with aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes revealed good stability of the electrospun electrodes.
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Le, Hang T. T., Ramchandra S. Kalubarme, Duc Tung Ngo, Harsharaj S. Jadhav, and Chan-Jin Park. "Bi-layer lithium phosphorous oxynitride/aluminium substituted lithium lanthanum titanate as a promising solid electrolyte for long-life rechargeable lithium–oxygen batteries." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 44 (2015): 22421–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta06374d.
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Li, Xiaofeng, Maohua Ma, Xuan Xin, Yuqian Tang, Guanglei Zhao, and Xinglong Xiao. "Efficient acylation of gastrodin byAspergillus oryzaewhole-cells in non-aqueous media." RSC Advances 9, no. 29 (2019): 16701–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra01605h.
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Gastrodin, a bioactive compound extracted from the plant source ofGastrodia elataBlume, has a wide range of therapeutic effects on central nervous system (CNS) diseases, but suffers from poor brain permeability and short half-life in plasma.
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Jiang, Yalong, Shuangshuang Tan, Qiulong Wei, et al. "Pseudocapacitive layered birnessite sodium manganese dioxide for high-rate non-aqueous sodium ion capacitors." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 6, no. 26 (2018): 12259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ta02516a.
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Badescu, Viorel. "Thermodynamic Constrains for Life Based on Non-Aqueous Polar Solvents on Free-Floating Planets." Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres 41, no. 1 (2010): 73–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11084-010-9216-z.
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Shi, Yanqiong, Rongrong Miao, Lei Li, Jun Yang, Jiulin Wang, and Yanna Nuli. "A new electrolyte with good compatibility to a lithium anode for non-aqueous Li–O2 batteries." RSC Advances 6, no. 53 (2016): 47820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra08318h.
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The LiFSI/TEGDME-DX electrolyte shows dendrite-free lithium deposition, long Li cycle life, and wide electrochemical window, and is firstly proposed for rechargeable non-aqueous Li–O<sub>2</sub> battery with an improved cycle performance.
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Tan, P., W. Shyy, M. C. Wu, Y. Y. Huang, and T. S. Zhao. "Carbon electrode with NiO and RuO2 nanoparticles improves the cycling life of non-aqueous lithium-oxygen batteries." Journal of Power Sources 326 (September 2016): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.07.012.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-aqueous life"
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Bryant, Saffron Jade. "Compartmentalisation and Membrane Activity in Protic Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16654.
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Ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents are areas of great interest to non-aqueous reaction systems. They can be fine-tuned for an array of properties and are often less harmful than other, organic, solvents. This research focused specifically on self-assembly in ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents with an eye to understand self-assembly processes. Not only does this work offer industrial applications, for isolated reaction systems and batteries, it also provides an interesting insight into the possibility of non-aqueous life-forms. If compartmentalisation can occur without water, then perhaps so too can the other requirements of life. Ionic liquid nanostructure significantly affected phospholipid self-assembly with more nanostructure resulting in more curved micellar phases, rather than the lamellar phases observed in water and less structured ILs. This held true for both zwitterionic lipids and ionic surfactants, demonstrated by microscopy, small angle neutron and x-ray scattering. Phospholipids formed swellable lamellar phases in all fourteen of the deep eutectic solvents tested. Examination of lipid transition temperatures by polarising optical microscopy demonstrated that the components of the solvent could influence lipid behaviour and stability, solvents with long alkyl components acted as cosurfactants. Tethered lipid membranes and electrical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated that membranes could exist, and form, in a pure IL environment (ethanolammonium formate). This is the first time such a technique has been used to study membranes in an IL and offers unparalleled opportunities for further research. Furthermore, this technique was used to demonstrate the continued function of a membrane transporter, valinomycin, in ethanolammonium formate. Valinomycin continued to transport potassium with an extremely high selectivity over sodium. These results show that compartmentalisation, and even protein function, can continue even in the absence of water.
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Feng, Ling, and Ling Feng. "Advanced oxidation processes for the removal of residual non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals from aqueous systems." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952080.
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The thesis mainly focused on the implementation of advanced oxidation processes for the elimination of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-ketoprofen, naproxen and piroxicam in waters. The three compounds are among the most used medicines, whose presence in waters poses a potential ecotoxicological risk. Due to the low pharmaceuticals removal efficiency of traditional wastwater treatement plants, worldwide concerns and calls are raised for efficient and eco-friendly technologies. Advanced oxidation processes, such as ozonation-biofiltration, electro-Fenton and anodic oxidation processes, which attracted a growing interest over the last two decades, could achieve almost complete destruction of the pollutants studied. Firstly, removal of selected pharmaceuticals from tap water was investigated by electrochemical advanced oxidation processes "electro-Fenton" and "anodic oxidation" with Pt or boron-doped diamond anode and carbon felt cathode at lab-scale. Removal rates and minieralization current efficencies under different operatioanl conditions were analysed. Meanwhile, intermediates produced during the mineralization were also identified, which helps to propose plausible oxidation pathway of each compound in presence of *OH. Finally, the evolution of the global toxicity of treated solutions was monitored using Microtox method, based on the fluorescence inhibition of Vibrio fischeri bacteria. In the second part, the three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory molecules added in organics-free or surface water were treated under varying ozone treatment regimes with the quite well established technology ozone/biofiltration. A bench-scale biological film was employed to determine the biodegradability of chemical intermediates formed in ozonized surface water. Identification of intermediates formed during the processes and bacterial toxicity monitoring were conducted to assess the pharmaceuticals degradation pathway and potential biological effects, respectively
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Goldberger, Sean A. "A Study of Microfluidic Reconfiguration Mechanisms Enabled by Functionalized Dispersions of Colloidal Material for Radio Frequency Applications." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-05-535.
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Communication and reconnaissance systems are requiring increasing flexibility concerning functionality and efficiency for multiband and broadband frequency applications. Circuit-based reconfiguration mechanisms continue to promote radio frequency (RF) application flexibility; however, increasing limitations have resulted in hindering performance. Therefore, the implementation of a "wireless" reconfiguration mechanism provides the required agility and amicability for microwave circuits and antennas without local overhead. The wireless reconfiguration mechanism in this thesis integrates dynamic, fluidic-based material systems to achieve electromagnetic agility and reduce the need for "wired" reconfiguration technologies. The dynamic material system component has become known as electromagnetically functionalized colloidal dispersions (EFCDs). In a microfluidic reconfiguration system, they provide electromagnetic agility by altering the colloidal volume fraction of EFCDs - their name highlights the special considerations we give to material systems in applied electromagnetics towards lowering loss and reducing system complexity. Utilizing EFCDs at the RF device-level produced the first circuit-type integration of this reconfiguration system; this is identified as the coaxial stub microfluidic impedance transformer (COSMIX). The COSMIX is a small hollowed segment of transmission line with results showing a full reactive loop (capacitive to inductive tuning) around the Smith chart over a 1.2 GHz bandwidth. A second microfluidic application demonstrates a novel antenna reconfiguration mechanism for a 3 GHz microstrip patch antenna. Results showed a 300 MHz downward frequency shift by dielectric colloidal dispersions. Magnetic material produced a 40 MHz frequency shift. The final application demonstrates the dynamically altering microfluidic system for a 3 GHz 1x2 array of linearly polarized microstrip patch antennas. The parallel microfluidic capillaries were imbedded in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Both E- and H-plane designs showed a 250 MHz frequency shift by dielectric colloidal dispersions. Results showed a strong correlation between decreasing electrical length of the elements and an increase of the volume fraction, causing frequency to decrease and mutual coupling to increase. Measured, modeled, and analytical results for impedance, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and radiation behavior (where applicable) are provided.
Book chapters on the topic "Non-aqueous life"
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Gupta, Shivani, Abhishek Kumar Gupta, Sarvesh Kumar Gupta, and Mohan L. Verma. "Recent Advancements in the Design of Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries." In Advanced Materials and Nano Systems: Theory and Experiment (Part-1). BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815050745122010006.
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As the world progresses towards sustainable energy and concomitant decarbonization of its electrical supply, modern civilization is approaching the fourth industrial revolution with a boom of digital devices and innovative technologies. As a result, the demand for high-performance batteries has skyrocketed, and many research initiatives for the design and development of high-performance rechargeable batteries are being taken. With the incremental standardization of battery designs, enhancement in their performance mainly relies on technical advancement in key electrode materials (cathode and anode materials). This chapters reviews the state-of-the-art materials used in fabricating electrodes, including a description of their structures and storage mechanisms and modification of commonly used materials for electrode working either in the solid-state or in the solution for aqueous or non-aqueous electrolytes. Based on the appropriate metrics such as operating voltage, specific energy, capacity, cyclic stability and life cycle, the performance of different electrodes has also been assessed. Along with the recent advancement, pertaining limitations are briefly covered and analyzed with some viable solutions in the pursuit of cathode and anode materials with fast kinetics, high voltage, and long cycle life.
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Taleuzzaman, Mohamad, Ali Sartaz, Md Jahangir Alam, and Md Noushad Javed. "Emergence of Advanced Manufacturing Techniques for Engineered Polymeric Systems in Cancer Treatment." In Advanced Manufacturing Techniques for Engineering and Engineered Materials. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9574-9.ch009.
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Clinical performances of chemotherapeutic drugs which are used to manage different stages of cancers are usually facing numerous pharmacological challenges such as tumor microenvironment, high dose requirements, poor selectivity towards cancer cells, life-threatening cytotoxicity, and frequent drug resistance incidences, in addition to pharmacotechnical issues such as poor aqueous solubility, uncontrolled drug-release, low stability, non-specific bio-distribution, and erratic bioavailability profiles. The chapter aims to provide a brief account of advancements made in nanotechnology-enabled manufacturing engineering tools for manipulating polymeric materials as efficient carriers so that loaded anti-cancer drugs would exhibit better therapeutic applications and optimized clinical significance in cancers.
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Venkateswara Raju, Chikkili, Mathavan Sornambigai, and Shanmugam Senthil Kumar. "Ruthenium-Tris-Bipyridine Derivatives as a Divine Complex for Electrochemiluminescence Based Biosensor Applications." In Ruthenium - an Element Loved by Researchers [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96819.
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In electrochemiluminescence (ECL) studies, Tris (bipyridine)ruthenium(II) chloride (Ru(bpy)3 2+) and its derivatives have been used as primary luminophores since 1972. The flexible solubility in both aqueous and non-aqueous medium and the remarkable intrinsic properties like chemical, optical and desirable electrochemical behavior drives the researcher to use Ru(bpy)3 2+ and its derivatives as highly active ECL probes in modern analytical science. Novel surface modification of Ru(bpy)3 2+ based ECL platforms are highly useful in the selective and sensitive detection of biomolecules, DNA analysis, immunoassays detection, and imaging of the biologically important molecules in cells and tissue of living organisms. This chapter discusses and highlights the most significant works in Ru(bpy)3 2+ based ECL properties of reaction mechanisms and their applications.
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Dhankhar, Jyotika, and Preeti Kundu. "Stability Aspects of Non-Dairy Milk Alternatives." In Milk Substitutes - Selected Aspects. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96376.
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In recent years, plant-based milk products, commonly called as non-dairy milk alternatives have gained high popularity due to concerns associated with bovine milk like lactose intolerance, allergies, hypercholesterolemia, and pesticide and antibiotic residues. Important strategies for manufacture of non-dairy milk alternatives involve disintegration of plant materials in aqueous medium; its homogenization and addition of some additives to attain a consistency and appearance similar to that of bovine milk. Different range of ingredients are added to non-dairy milk alternatives such as oils, emulsifiers, thickeners, antioxidants, minerals etc. The main problem associated with non-dairy milk alternatives is generally linked with its stability. Stability is a crucial factor that governs the sensory properties and overall acceptance of non-dairy milk alternatives. Differences in processing parameters and molecular interaction mechanisms affect the stability of emulsions as well as the stability of non-dairy milk manufactured thereof. Various treatments like thermal treatment, non-thermal processing (ultra high pressure homogenization, pulsed electric field, ultrasonication), addition of emulsifiers are effective in achieving the stability of non-dairy milks. The present chapter aims to summarize the various factors contributing to the physical stability of non-dairy milk alternatives like appearance, consistency, emulsion stability, and the approaches required to maintain it.
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Matsui, T., E. L. Salinas, E. Suzuki, and Y. Ono. "Reactivity of Interstitial Chloride Anions of Hydrotalcite-like Materials in Non-aqueous Media." In Advanced Materials '93. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-8380-7.50040-7.
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Schweitzer, George K., and Lester L. Pesterfield. "The Carbon Group." In The Aqueous Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195393354.003.0010.
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The elements which constitute the Carbon Group of the Periodic Table are carbon C, silicon Si, germanium Ge, tin Sn, and lead Pb. All five of the elements have atoms characterized by an outer electron structure of ns2np2 with n representing the principal quantum number. This electron arrangement signals the possibility of oxidation states of IV and II. Such is the case with the II oxidation state becoming more stable from C to Pb. As one descends the group, there is a marked change from non-metallic (C) to metallic character (Pb). Reflecting very high ionization energies, C, Si, and Ge do not form a simple cation, they instead bond covalently. In line with the trends just mentioned, the inorganic aqueous chemistry moves from anionic (C) to cationic (Pb). The inorganic aqueous solution chemistry of C is represented by four acids and their anionic derivatives: carbonic acid H2CO3, oxalic acid H2C2O4, formic acid HOOCH, and acetic acid HOOCCH3. Note that in all of these the ionizing H+ ions are not attached to C but to O. The inorganic aqueous chemistry of Si is dominated by anions SiO(OH)3− and SiO2(OH)2−2 and their many polymeric forms and by the hexafluorosilicate anion SiF6−2. Ge is very similar to Si. Cationic species, largely absent in all three previous elements, are shown in both Sn and Pb. The covalent single bond radii of C, Si, and Ge are 77, 118, and 122 pm, and the ionic radii in pm of the other two elements are Sn+2(118), Sn+4 (83), Pb+2 (133), Pb+4 (92). a. E–pH diagrams. In order to understand the E–pH relationships of the aqueous species of C, it is important to consider both the thermodynamic and the kinetic relationships. Thermodynamics tells us whether a reaction will occur but it says nothing about how fast. The rate is a kinetic matter. When acetic acid HC2H3O2 is entered into a C species E–pH diagram, Figure 8.1 results. This figure shows that at equilibrium HC2H3O2 is not stable and disproportionates into H2CO3 and CH4. The same E–pH diagram results when formic acid HOOCH or when oxalic acid H2C2O4 is entered.
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Schweitzer, George K., and Lester L. Pesterfield. "The Boron Group." In The Aqueous Chemistry of the Elements. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195393354.003.0009.
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The elements which constitute the Boron Group of the Periodic Table are boron B, aluminum Al, gallium Ga, indium In, and thallium Tl. All five of the elements have atoms characterized by an outer electron structure of ns2np1 with n representing the principal quantum number. There are marked similarities in the elements, except for B whose small size and high charge density make it a non-metal. B evidences an oxidation state of III but shows no aqueous cation chemistry. The other elements all show cation chemistries involving an oxidation state of III, but the I oxidation state becomes progressively more stable until at Tl it is the predominant state. All ions in the group are colorless. Ionic sizes in pm are B+3(27), Al+3(53), Ga+3(62), In+3(80), Tl+3(89), and Tl+(150), with the B+3 value being hypothetical since B bonds only covalently. In line with the increasing sizes, the basicity of the oxides and hydroxides increases: H3BO3 or B(OH)3 is weakly acidic, M(OH)3 for Al, Ga, and In are amphoteric, and Tl(OH)3 or Tl2O3 is basic. The E° values in volts for the M(III)/M couples are as follows: H3BO3/B (−0.89), Al+3/Al (−1.68), Ga+3/Ga (−0.55), and In+3/In (−0.35). The E° value for the Tl+/Tl couple is −0.33 v. a. E–pH diagram. The E–pH diagram for 10−1.0 M B is presented in Figure 7.1. In the figure legend are equations which describe the lines which separate species. Considerably above the H3BO3/B line, the HOH≡H+/H2 line appears, which indicates that elemental B is thermodynamically unstable in HOH, but in practice B has a strong tendency to be non-reactive, vigorous treatment usually being required to oxidize it.
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Dinodia, Monica. "Greener Approach towards the Synthesis of Nitrogen Based Heterocycles." In Strategies Towards the Synthesis of Heterocycles and Their Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108489.
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The preferable application of green chemistry in research is to utilize environment benign, mild, non toxic, reproducible catalyst and efficient solvents in synthesis of molecules. Use of green chemistry techniques had enabled in dramatically reducing chemical waste and reaction times as has recently been reported in several organic syntheses reactions. Greener routes are required in the synthesis of N-heterocycles, due to the remarkable importance of these compounds in medicinal chemistry. This chapter is dedicated to the synthesis of N containing heterocyclic compounds using eco-friendly solvent like water and bio-derived solvents (glycerol, ethyl lactate, and gluconic acid aqueous solution). Water and bio-based solvents for the synthesis of aromatic nitrogen heterocycles was chosen due to the negligible toxicity associated with these solvents. Apart from being eco-friendly, water also has the potential to become a universally acceptable solvent due to its abundance and low cost. Work on microwave synthesis is also reported as it is an eco-friendly and faster process for the synthesis of these N-based heterocyclic compounds. Due to its rapid action to produce products with greater purity and yield, it is now being used worldwide.
Conference papers on the topic "Non-aqueous life"
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Salzman, Ronald, David Gandy, Neville Rieger, et al. "Corrosion-Fatigue Prediction Methodology for 12% Cr Steam Turbine Blades." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98026.
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The useful life of a steam turbine and the establishment of turbine outage schedules are often determined by corrosion fatigue to the low pressure (LP) blades in the phase transition zone (PTZ). Developing an effective corrosion damage prediction methodology is an important step to successfully reduce the number of unscheduled steam turbine outages. Tests with dual certified 403/410 12% Cr martensitic steel were performed to quantify the influence of corrosion pits on the fatigue life during testing in environments that are comparable to operational conditions. Threshold stress intensity factors ΔKth and fatigue limits Δσ0 were determined in air and two aqueous solutions. Additionally, stress-life tests were performed with pre-pitted specimens in air and aqueous solutions. The data for transition from a pit-to-a-crack have been correlated using the Kitagawa Diagram. This presentation of the data relates the steady stress, cyclic stress and pit width to the prediction of fatigue failure. Ultrasonic fatigue testing was an essential aspect of this program. This testing technique makes it possible to accumulate cycles at a rate of approximately 20 kHz. At this rate one billion (109) cycles are accumulated in less than 14 hours. One billion cycles has been used as the definition for non-progressive crack or specimen run-out life. All of the data for the survival and failure stress intensity factor was well represented by the El Haddad refinement to the Kitagawa Diagram. Based on these test results a comprehensive methodology has been developed to quantify the risk of corrosion-fatigue failure at a pit.
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Colvin, David P., Virginia S. Colvin, Yvonne G. Bryant, Ray A. Whitney, Jamal Y. Sheikh-Ahmad, and John A. Bailey. "Development of a MicroPCM Machine Coolant." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1911.
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Abstract Under multiple SBIR (Small Business Innovation Research) programs from the Department of Defense, NASA and the National Science Foundation, investigators at Triangle Research and Development Corporation (TRDC) and associated universities have conducted research toward the development of a new machine coolant that has demonstrated some significant advantages. Results in SBIR programs for NASA, USAF and NAVY, that were reported in earlier publications, have indicated that both aqueous and non-aqueous two-component coolants containing microencapsulated phase change materials (microPCMs) can provide from 10× to 40× (1,000% – 4,000%) enhancement in the coolant’s effective thermal capacitance along with isothermal heat transport and significant improvement in the system’s Nusselt Number. During another SBIR program for the National Science Foundation, a non-aqueous, two-component microPCM machine coolant was used for machine turning operations and demonstrated (a) an increase in the effective thermal capacitance of a machine coolant oil by more than 10× or 1,000%, (b) a significant reduction in the temperature of a work/tool thermocouple as much as 15%, (c) a reduced temperature excursion of the machining coolant by more than 90% for the same cutting speeds and feed rates, (d) a significant reduction in the tool force by 25 to 75%, and (e) a highly significant reduction in the environmental pollution in the shop due to much lower evaporation of the machine coolant. The further development of such a microPCM machine coolant could potentially (a) significantly increase tool life (related to the thrust force), (b) improve product quality, dimensional accuracy and tolerance, and (c) reduce both coolant loss and operator exposure to hazardous evaporating coolants during high-speed machining operations. Follow-on experiments at General Motors have also demonstrated that microPCM coolants can be used effectively during grinding operations.
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Esmonde-White, Karen, I. Lewis, Mary Lewis, and Tory Woolf. "Raman spectroscopy as a tool for understanding oil or fat quality in food products." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/jyvx7273.
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Many natural and produced foods contain oils or fats, and their presence affects the product shelf life and sensory attributes. Analysis of oils or fats in these foods can be carried out using wet chemistry, chromatographic, or spectroscopic techniques. Molecular spectroscopic techniques of near-infrared, infrared, or Raman have the benefit of providing a non-destructive chemical and molecular structure analysis with the ability to measure oil or fat quality directly in a process or in the laboratory. Raman spectroscopy is a molecular spectroscopy technique that is highly specific, can measure in aqueous systems, and provides a multi-attribute measurement in a single probe. We provide an overview of the information provided by a Raman spectrum, including the presence of cis or trans isomers, fatty acid saturation, and polymorphic stability. An application example of Raman spectroscopy in dark and milk chocolate will be presented to showcase Raman's capability to measure qualitative and quantitative quality aspects of fats in a complex and highly fluorescent matrix. Our initial feasibility studies showed initial markers of cocoa butter quality that support additional studies with more samples.
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"Comprehending Complex Clastics: Consistent Real-Time Geological Borehole Imaging Independent of Drilling Fluid and Telemetry Limitations." In 2022 SPWLA 63rd Annual Symposium. Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30632/spwla-2022-0096.
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Real-time geological interpretation while drilling can be achieved with high-resolution borehole images; however, the use of different drilling fluids, telemetryrelated limitations, and non-optimal depth control on rigs often leave geoscientists with limited and poorquality data, leading to inconsistencies over a field’s life cycle. This study from offshore Norway presents applications of new measurements and algorithms to address such challenges providing consistent borehole imaging for geological interpretations while drilling complex subsurface. New multi-physics high-resolution LWD (logging while drilling) technology was deployed for real-time imaging in boreholes drilled with nonconductive fluids, addressing technology gaps that earlier allowed such services only in conductive aqueous fluids and providing much-needed independence to drill various well trajectories in any mud configuration without limiting high-resolution imaging for geological, petrophysical, and geomechanical interpretation. Correspondingly, real-time data transmission challenges were addressed with improved mud-pulse telemetry and wired drill-pipe. Furthermore, new application algorithms were developed to compensate for inadequate depth control impacting the integrity of high-resolution data. We present results from field development operations in the Utsira High region of the Norwegian North Sea, including examples of pilot and lateral sections drilled with conductive and nonconductive fluids. Conventional evaluation of the encountered heterogeneous mix of alluvial fans, plains, and aeolian dune facies is difficult, even more in horizontal drains where standard logs are often featureless across problematic conglomerates. Real-time dips picked on high-definition images helped with geosteering as well. Examples of geological features from different wells are presented with unique resistivity images from new LWD borehole imager for nonconductive fluid, comparing with image data acquired in conductive mud for consistent interpretation. Structural elements of subseismic faults and fractures were interpreted with consistency to provide geologists with confident featurepicks for updating their reservoir models.
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Illera, Danny, Chatura Wickramaratne, Diego Guillen, Chand Jotshi, Humberto Gomez, and D. Yogi Goswami. "Stabilization of Graphene Dispersions by Cellulose Nanocrystals Colloids." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87830.
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The outstanding properties of single-layer graphene sheets for energy storage are hindered as agglomeration or restacking leads to the formation of graphite. The implications of the aforementioned arise on the difficulties associated with the aqueous processing of graphene sheets: from large-scale production to its utilization in solvent-assisted techniques like spin coating or layer-by-layer deposition. To overcome this, aqueous dispersions of graphene were stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals colloids. Aqueous cellulose nanocrystals dispersion highlights as a low-cost and environmentally friendly stabilizer towards graphene large-scale processing. Colloids of cellulose nanocrystals are formed by electrostatic repulsion of fibrils due to de-protonated carboxyl or sulfate half-ester functional groups. Graphene dispersions are obtained by hydrothermal reduction of electrochemically exfoliated graphene oxide in the presence of cellulose nanocrystals. This approach allows the preservation of the intrinsic properties of the nano-sheets by promoting non-covalent interactions between cellulose and graphene. The dispersions could be cast to form free-standing flexible conducting films or freeze-dried to form foams and aerogels for capacitive energy storage.
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Karunarathne, Sumudu, Jeanette Larsen, and Lars Erik Øi. "Mathematical Models for Physicochemical Properties of Different Amine-based Solvents in Post combustion CO2 Capture." In 63rd International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2022, Trondheim, Norway, September 20-21, 2022. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp192021.
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In order to reduce global CO2 emissions, CO2 capture based on absorption in an amine/water mixture is an established method. To develop such processes, correct physicochemical properties like densities and viscosities are important.The first objective of this work is to explore mathematical correlations for fitting viscosity data for aqueous Monoethanolamine (MEA) and Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). A second objective is to evaluate the prediction of viscosity based on parameters independent of viscosity measurements.13 developed correlations have been evaluated by comparing the maximum deviation of fitted models to the measured property, and by determining the average absolute relative deviation (AARD%). Python 3.6, MATLAB R2020b and Excel were used as the tools for regression.The results indicated that viscosity for aqueous amines was better correlated by Eyring’s viscosity model based on NRTL (Non-Random-Two Liquid model) rather than a Redlich-Kister correlation. The achieved AARD% of aqueous MEA were 2.39 for Redlich-Kister, 1.87 for Eyring-NRTL and 1.88 for the segment-based Eyring-NRTL model. The same trend was achieved for aqueous MDEA with AARD% of 3.04, 2.23 and 1.88 for different approaches.The possibility of using data from vapor/liquid equilibrium parameters to predict viscosity in MEA/water and MDEA/water was evaluated. Using parameters in the equilibrium model NRTL from the simulation program Aspen HYSYS in a model from Karunarathne indicated that it is possible to predict viscosity reasonably well without experimental viscosity data.
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Seales, Sheldon Peter Anthony, Ahmed Rashed Alaleeli, Jan Erik Tveteraas, Daniel Martin Roberts, Glenn Aasland, and Patrick Ray Billomos. "Maximizing Brine Recovery After the Displacement of Reservoir Drill-in Fluids to Reduce Well Cost Via New, Alternate Technology In a Reservoir Offshore Abu Dhabi." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207785-ms.
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Abstract Objectives/Scope This paper outlines a new and innovative technology for brine recovery after the displacement of Reservoir Drill-In Fluid Non-Aqueous Fluid (RDF NAF) to Completion Brine and the associated operational, logistical, environmental and economic benefits associated with it. A unique slop treatment technology has been utilized to recover and reuse more than 2,168 bbl per well of expensive contaminated completion fluid to help manage losses and avoid injecting valuable completion fluid into operator's injection well. This has also resulted in reducing impact to the life of the injection well and burden on formation, thereby minimizing impact to subsurface environment and contributing to lower well cost. Methods, Procedures, Process The contaminated brine was transferred from the displacement of RDF NAF to brine and processed using a novel slop treatment technology to reduce the NTU and TSS to completion brine specifications required for completion operations. After displacing the well from RDF NAF to brine, typical contaminants would be RDF NAF and hi-vis spacer (water-based). The oil-contaminated brine was usually transferred to the tanks of the cuttings treatment contractor, treated and injected into the operator's cuttings re-injection (CRI) well. The new procedure isolated the contaminated brine to be processed through the slop treatment technology to separate and remove the oil and solids from the brine. The slop treatment involved passing the contaminated fluid through a decanter, solids particulate filter, three-phase separator and then a polishing filter to process the fluid to the required NTU and TSS specifications. Results, Observations, Conclusions The slops treatment unit was implemented for brine processing in 2020 and since then, the solution has achieved desirable operational, logistical, sub-surface environmental and cost related benefits. 2,168 bbl of expensive, contaminated completion brine has been processed per well, for subsequent reuse in the completion operations. Utilization and implementation of this mechanical process, versus the historical filter press process, at the source has had clear tangible savings that can be achieved in all areas of the operation, due to the capability to process oil-contaminated brine at a higher clarity and also the viscous brine at a faster rate. This new processing strategy allowed the operator to set new standards with regards to the recovery of oil-contaminated brine, in the UAE. Novel/Additive Information This is the first successful processing of oil-contaminated brine to be completed in the UAE utilizing a mechanical technology. This process has established new baselines for the operator to be able to recover oil-contaminated brine. By adapting the existing site-based slop treatment technology, this solution has bridged a gap in the market by using a novel mechanical process to optimize oil-contaminated brine recovery efficiency and maximize returns for operators.
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Quinnell, Josh A., Jane H. Davidson, and Jay Burch. "Liquid Calcium Chloride Solar Storage: Concept and Analysis." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90181.
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Aqueous calcium chloride has a number of potential advantages as a compact and long-term solar storage medium compared to sensibly heated water. The combination of sensible and chemical binding energy of the liquid desiccant provides higher energy densities and lower thermal losses, as well as a temperature lift during discharge via an absorption heat pump. Calcium chloride is an excellent choice among desiccant materials because it is relatively inexpensive, non-toxic, and environmentally safe. This paper provides an overview of its application for solar storage and presents a novel concept for storing the liquid desiccant in a single storage vessel. The storage system uses an internal heat exchanger to add and discharge thermal energy and to help manage the mass, momentum, and energy transfer in the tank. The feasibility of the proposed concept is demonstrated via a computational fluid dynamic study of heat and mass transfer in the system over a range of Rayleigh, Lewis, Prandtl, and buoyancy ratio numbers expected in practice.
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Guan, Zhongyuan, and Biyuan Shui. "The New Progress of Drag Reducing Agents in World Research." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10025.
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Frictional pressure drop (or drag) restricts the flow of liquid in a pipeline, limiting throughput and requiring greater amounts of energy for pumping. Flow improvers used for reducing drag are commonly referred to in the industry as drag reduction agents (DRA). This article presents the latest achievements in research related to DRA’s mechanism and production. A higher molecular weight of polyalpha-olefin will be obtained by bulk polymerization. There are breakthroughs either in research of solution polymerization of alpha-olefin. The DRA’s post-treating processes become better and approach perfection day and day. Recently non-aqueous drag reducing suspensions have been developed, providing significant advantages over previous water-based suspensions and gel-like solution DRAs. Microencapsulated drag reducing agents should be developed in the future because of its advantages in production, transportation, application and post-treating process. In addition, Reynolds number is the first indication to determine whether drag reducer could work or not in fluid flow in a pipeline system. And dependable injection equipment is an important element in the success of DRA application.
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Rudolf, Maja, Irena Bates, Ivana Plazonić, Valentina Radić Seleš, Katja Petric Maretić, and Marija Magdalena Mendeš. "Evaluation of the line and edge quality of printed letters on recycled paper with straw pulp." In 11th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2022-p33.
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Traditional papermaking is based on the use of an aqueous suspension consisting of cellulose fibres obtained by processing wood, non-wood plants or waste paper. With growing environmental concerns regarding deforestation and CO2 production, the paper industry has been always looking for new sources of non-wood pulp that would produce papers of similar quality to those made from wood pulp. Cereal straw from wheat, barley or triticale crops that remains on fields as a residue after grain harvesting has proven to be a good substitute for virgin wood fibres needed in the production of recycled paper. In this study, the quality of printed text on recycled paper with added straw pulp is evaluated mainly based on the line and edge characteristics of the printed letters. For this purpose, three types of laboratory paper substrates were first prepared using recycled wood pulp with the addition of 30% wheat, barley, or triticale straw pulp. The same letter pattern was printed with black ink on each paper substrate at a standard size of 12 pt with two common typefaces: Arial and Times New Roman. The quality of the printed letters was assessed through the measured print quality parameters such as blurriness, raggedness, fill and contrast. The resulting measurements were compared with the results obtained on the reference and control samples made exclusively from recycled wood pulp as a substrate from laboratory and commercial production. In terms of fill and contrast values, the uniformity of lines printed on the recycled papers with added straw pulp is the same or very similar to the reference and control papers. Letters printed in Arial (sans-serif) typeface show slightly better reproduction quality than letters printed in Times New Roman (serif) typeface. The measured parameters blurriness and raggedness of all laboratory-made paper substrates (with and without straw pulp) had similar values between 0.17 mm and 0.20 mm, resulting in a very similar reproduction quality compared to the reference paper substrate.
Reports on the topic "Non-aqueous life"
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Melby, Jeffrey, Thomas Massey, Fatima Diop, et al. Coastal Texas Protection and Restoration Feasibility Study : Coastal Texas flood risk assessment : hydrodynamic response and beach morphology. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41051.
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The US Army Corps of Engineers, Galveston District, is executing the Coastal Texas Protection and Restoration Feasibility Study coastal storm risk management (CSRM) project for the region. The project is currently in the feasibility phase. The primary goal is to develop CSRM measures that maximize national net economic development benefits. This report documents the coastal storm water level and wave hazard, including sea level rise, for a variety of flood risk management alternatives. Four beach restoration alternatives for Galveston Island and Bolivar peninsula were evaluated. Suites of synthetic tropical and historical non-tropical storms were developed and modeled. The CSTORM coupled surge-and-wave modeling system was used to accurately characterize storm circulation, water level, and wave hazards using new model meshes developed from high-resolution land and sub-aqueous surveys for with- and without-project scenarios. Beach morphology stochastic response was modeled with a Monte Carlo life-cycle simulation approach using the CSHORE morphological evolution numerical model embedded in the StormSim stochastic modeling system. Morphological and hydrodynamic response were primarily characterized with probability distributions of the number of rehabilitations and overflow.
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Almasri, Malaz, Amjad Ghareeb, Abdulrahman Ismaiel, Daniel-Corneliu Leucuta, and Simona Delia Nicoara. The role of Nepafenac in the prevention of macular swelling and its repercussions on visual outcome after cataract surgery - A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.9.0004.
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Review question / Objective: P – diabetic and non-diabetic patients undergoing phacoemulsification without macular edema; I – Nepafenac 0.1% or Nepafenac 0.3% in addition to topical steroids; C – topical steroids alone; O – Mean Differences of Foveal thickness (FT), total macular volume (TMV), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and intraocular pressure (IOP); S – Randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Condition being studied: Macular swelling or macular edema after cataract surgery when uncontrolled may compromise the blood-ocular barrier and allow inflammatory cells and cytokines to enter the aqueous humor, resulting in discomfort for the patient, a slower rate of recovery, subpar visual results, and even more complications like the development of synechiae, increased IOP, macular edema (ME), corneal edema, and so forth.