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Journal articles on the topic 'Non aqueous solvent'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 June 2025

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1

Alguacil, E. J., and M. Alonso. "Recovery of Cu(II) from diluted aqueous solutions by non-dispersive solvent extraction." Revista de Metalurgia 38, no. 4 (2002): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/revmetalm.2002.v38.i4.409.

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2

Lail, Marty, Jak Tanthana, and Luke Coleman. "Non-Aqueous Solvent (NAS) CO2 Capture Process." Energy Procedia 63 (2014): 580–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.11.063.

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3

Fillingham, Ryan, Matthew Boon, Shaghraf Javaid, J. Alex Saunders, and Franca Jones. "Barium sulfate crystallization in non-aqueous solvent." CrystEngComm 23, no. 11 (2021): 2249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce01664k.

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4

Migliozzi, Simona, Giovanni Meridiano, Panagiota Angeli, and Luca Mazzei. "Investigation of the swollen state of Carbopol molecules in non-aqueous solvents through rheological characterization." Soft Matter 16, no. 42 (2020): 9799–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sm01196g.

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Swelling of Carbopol particles depends on the ionization degree induced by the solvent. In co-solvents, the one with the greatest permeability preferentially penetrates the network yielding the same final dimension obtained with that solvent alone.

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5

Harvey, Jacob A., Charles J. Pearce, Morgan G. Hall, Eric J. Bruni, Jared B. DeCoste, and Dorina F. Sava Gallis. "Insights into the solvent-assisted degradation of organophosphorus compounds by a Zr-based metal–organic framework." Dalton Transactions 48, no. 43 (2019): 16153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9dt03710a.

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6

Wijaya, Emmy C., Frances Separovic, Calum J. Drummond, and Tamar L. Greaves. "Micelle formation of a non-ionic surfactant in non-aqueous molecular solvents and protic ionic liquids (PILs)." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 35 (2016): 24377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp03332f.

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Micelle formation of a non-ionic amphiphile, C₁₂E₆, was investigated in a diverse range of molecular solvents and protic ionic liquids (PILs). A link between the solvent cohesive energy density and the free energy of micellization was discussed.

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7

Frasch, Duncan M., and Daniel R. Spiegel. "Experiments on tracer diffusion in aqueous and non-aqueous solvent combinations." Journal of Chemical Physics 141, no. 12 (2014): 124507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4896303.

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8

Scholl, Henryk, and Krzysztof Sochaj. "Cyclic voltammetry of some ferrocenephanes in non-aqueous solvents—II. Solvent effects." Electrochimica Acta 34, no. 7 (1989): 915–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(89)80016-7.

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9

Xue-Kun, Xing, P. Abel, R. McIntyre, and D. Scherson. "The single crystal metal-non-aqueous solvent interface." Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry 216, no. 1-2 (1987): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0728(87)80212-7.

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10

Campanella, L., S. De Luca, G. Favero, L. Persi, and M. Tomassetti. "Superoxide dismutase biosensors working in non-aqueous solvent." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 369, no. 7-8 (2001): 594–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160000672.

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11

Nettleton, G. S., and W. G. McAuliffe. "A histological comparison of phase-partition fixation with fixation in aqueous solutions." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 34, no. 6 (1986): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/34.6.3084627.

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In phase-partition fixation, tissue is immersed in a non-aqueous solvent at equilibrium with an aqueous solution of a fixing agent to minimize osmotic effects. Preservation of morphology afforded by phase-partition fixation using formalin and glutaraldehyde and several organic solvents was compared to aqueous 10% neutral buffered formalin fixation for five tissues. It was shown that phase-partition fixation can provide excellent fixation for light microscopy if the proper combinations of fixatives and solvents are used.

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12

Chen, Lu Yi, Xin Hui Ruan, Jian Gang Chen, Su Xin Xu, Yi Qi Yang, and Bi Jia Wang. "Recyclable Reactive Dyeing of Wool Fabrics in Environmental Friendly Non-Aqueous Medium for a more Sustainable Textile Industry." Key Engineering Materials 671 (November 2015): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.78.

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Reactive dyeing of wool fabrics in non-aqueous green solvents was investigated with the aim to cut effluent discharge via dyebath reuse. Hydrolysis of reactive dyes is the major obstacle for recycle and reuse of the spent dye bath. In the current work, 10 non-nucleophilic solvents were screened based on their Environmental, health, and safety (EHS) profile to be used as the dyeing media. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and dimethyl carbonate were chosen for their favorable EHS score. ATR-IR, SEM and XRD analysis had revealed DMSO pretreatment induced appreciable morphological and structural changes wool fabrics, leading to enhanced dyeability. DMC was used in combination with DMSO to facilitate dye adsorption as a poor solvent for the dyes. The effect of dyeing temperatures, dyeing time, and DMC content on final depth of shade was investigated. Covalent fixation and ionic fixation were determined for the solvent-dyed wool fabric using a pyridine-stripping procedure and compared to that of an aqueously-dyed control. The results showed that about 30% higher covalent fixation was achieved in non-aqueous system, which leads to higher depth of shade (ΔK/S = 1.3-4.9), enhanced color build up properties and better colorfastness (0.5-1 grade). A multi-cycle repeated dyeing sequence involving the recovered solvents and dyes was demonstrated to give consistently high shade buildup and colorfastness. The recyclable dyeing procedure developed in the current study provides an alternative to effluent treatment in reduction of pollutant discharge for a more sustainable textile industry.

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13

Khalifa, M. A., A. M. Ismail, M. El-Batouti, and A. El-Hawaty. "kinetics of Aquation of Dichloro Tetrapyridine Ruthenium(Ii) Complex in Binary Aqueous Solvents." Journal of Chemical Research 2003, no. 1 (2003): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/030823403103172896.

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First-order solvolysis rates of trans-dichloro tetrapyridine ruthenium(II) have been measured UV spectrophoto metrically over a wide range of solvent compositions in temperature ranges(40–55°C) in water–2-propanol and water– t-butanol mixtures. The rate of solvolysis is faster in the former than in the latter. Plots of log (rate constant) versus the reciprocal of relative permitivity of the co-solvent gave a non-linear relation for both co-solvents, this non-linearity is derived from a large differential effect of solvent structure between the initial and transition states. Δ S# of activation correlates well with the extrema in physical properties of the mixtures which are related to changes in solvent structure. Linear plots of Δ H# versus Δ S# were obtained and the isokinetic temperature indicates that the reaction is entropy controlled.

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14

Pathak, Raghvendu. "Solvation enthalpy of uranium tetrachloride in aqueous-alcohols mixed solvents." Science Vision 17, no. 3 (2017): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.03.01.

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The process of interaction between ions of a solute and the molecules of the solvent through relatively weak covalent bonds is called solvation. It involves evening out a concentration gradient and evenly distributing the solute molecules within the solvent. Hydration is a special case of solvation when the solvent molecules are water. Solvation energy, generally, is the energy released when ions in crystal lattices associate with molecules in a solvent, however it can be positive or negative, depending upon the combined effects of lattice and hydration energies in case of aqueous-ionic solid dissolution. Uranous chloride or uranium tetrachloride (UCl4) is a green crystalline solid which sublimes in vacuum at 500°C/10-3 mm. It is a Lewis acid and hence dissolves in solvents which can act as non-protic Lewis bases. Although dissolution of uranium tetrachloride crystals in water is an exothermic process yielding a green solution which is fairly stable in the cold, yet is hydrolyzed to a considerable extent to furnish an acidic reaction. Solvation enthalpies of quadrivalent uranium system have been scantly reported. The present communication deals with the calculation of enthalpy of solution of uranium tetrachloride in aqueous-non-aqueous solvent mixtures, particularly in 10 and 20 weight (wt) % methyl alcohol-water and ethyl alcohol-water systems at 25°C calorimetrically and thereby estimating the solvation enthalpy of UCl4 in the said media.

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15

Matthews, Lauren, Silvia Ruscigno, Sarah E. Rogers, et al. "Fracto-eutectogels: SDS fractal dendrites via counterion condensation in a deep eutectic solvent." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 20 (2021): 11672–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cp01370j.

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Fracto-eutectogels comprising dendritic fractal aggregates of SDS surfactants in glyceline, a deep eutectic solvent, are observed for the first time, alluding to curious self-assembly mechanisms in such H-bonding rich, non-aqueous green solvents.

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16

Delgado-Abad, Thais, Jaime Martínez-Ferrer, Javier Reig-López, et al. "On the ionizing properties of supercritical carbon dioxide: uncatalyzed electrophilic bromination of aromatics." RSC Adv. 4, no. 92 (2014): 51016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra10557e.

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scCO₂, a non-polar solvent with a dielectric constant lower than n-pentane, promotes the electrophilic bromination of aromatics as efficiently as strongly ionizing solvents such as aqueous acetic and trifluoroacetic acids.

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17

Shoukat, Usman, Diego Pinto, and Hanna Knuutila. "Study of Various Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Amine Blends for Hydrogen Sulfide Removal from Natural Gas." Processes 7, no. 3 (2019): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7030160.

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Various novel amine solutions both in aqueous and non-aqueous [monoethylene glycol (MEG)/triethylene glycol(TEG)] forms have been studied for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) absorption. The study was conducted in a custom build experimental setup at temperatures relevant to subsea operation conditions and atmospheric pressure. Liquid phase absorbed H2S, and amine concentrations were measured analytically to calculate H2S loading (mole of H2S/mole of amine). Maximum achieved H2S loadings as the function of pKa, gas partial pressure, temperature and amine concentration are presented. Effects of solvent type on absorbed H2S have also been discussed. Several new solvents showed higher H2S loading as compared to aqueous N-Methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) solution which is the current industrial benchmark compound for selective H2S removal in natural gas sweetening process.

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18

Zheng, Dong, Xiang-Ai Yuan, Haibo Ma, et al. "Unexpected solvent effects on the UV/Vis absorption spectra of o -cresol in toluene and benzene: in contrast with non-aromatic solvents." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 3 (2018): 171928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171928.

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Cresol is a prototype molecule in understanding intermolecular interactions in material and biological systems, because it offers different binding sites with various solvents and protonation states under different pH values. It is found that the UV/Vis absorption spectra of o -cresol in aromatic solvents (benzene, toluene) are characterized by a sharp peak, unlike the broad double-peaks in 11 non-aromatic solvents. Both molecular dynamics simulations and electronic structure calculations revealed the formation of intermolecular π-complexation between o -cresol and aromatic solvents. The thermal movements of solvent and solute molecules render the conformations of o -cresol changing between trans and cis isomers. The π-interaction makes the cis configuration a dominant isomer, hence leading to the single keen-edged UV/Vis absorption peak at approximately 283 nm. The free conformation changes between trans and cis in aqueous solution rationalize the broader absorption peaks in the range of 260–280 nm. The pH dependence of the UV/Vis absorption spectra in aqueous solutions is also rationalized by different protonation states of o -cresol. The explicit solvent model with long-ranged interactions is vital to describe the effects of π-complexation and electrostatic interaction on the UV/Vis absorption spectra of o -cresol in toluene and alkaline aqueous (pH > 10.3) solutions, respectively.

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19

Würfel, Hendryk, Marvin Kayser, and Thomas Heinze. "Non-aqueous solvent for efficient dissolution of polygalacturonic acid." Carbohydrate Polymers 207 (March 2019): 791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.12.036.

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20

Urban, Raphael D., Tillmann G. Fischer, Ales Charvat, et al. "On-chip mass spectrometric analysis in non-polar solvents by liquid beam infrared matrix-assisted laser dispersion/ionization." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 413, no. 6 (2021): 1561–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-03115-4.

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AbstractBy the on-chip integration of a droplet generator in front of an emitter tip, droplets of non-polar solvents are generated in a free jet of an aqueous matrix. When an IR laser irradiates this free liquid jet consisting of water as the continuous phase and the non-polar solvent as the dispersed droplet phase, the solutes in the droplets are ionized. This ionization at atmospheric pressure enables the mass spectrometric analysis of non-polar compounds with the aid of a surrounding aqueous matrix that absorbs IR light. This works both for non-polar solvents such as n-heptane and for water non-miscible solvents like chloroform. In a proof of concept study, this approach is applied to monitor a photooxidation of N-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline. Graphical abstract

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21

Karolczak, Stefan, Hugh A. Gillis, Gerald B. Porter, and David C. Walker. "Solvent-dependent rate constants of muonium atom reactions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 81, no. 2 (2003): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-009.

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The rates of reaction of muonium atoms with solutes, ionic and organic, were studied in solvents of wildly differing polarities (water, methanol, and hexane) and their rate constants were compared, where possible. In these reactions which are those of a highly reactive atom, an isotope of hydrogen it transpires that the reaction rates are higher in solvents in which the solute is more soluble and muonium diffuses faster. This study leads to various kinetic-solvent-effect ratios and to the observation of the reaction of muonium with free radicals being among the fastest reactions recorded so far between two neutral species in solution.Key words: muonium atoms, kinetic isotope effects, solvent-dependent rates, non-aqueous solvents, muon spin rotation technique.

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22

Grace, Agbizu Cookey, and Ozioma Uzoma Daniel. "Micellization of a Cationic Surfactant in Mixed Aqueous and Non-aqueous Solvent Systems." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 19, no. 4 (2016): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v19i4.2.

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23

Aguda, Remil, Shayla LeBoeuf, Cody Stelly, et al. "The Potential of Non-Ionic Surfactants for Extraction of Lactic Acid from Aqueous Solution." Applied Sciences 10, no. 15 (2020): 5315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10155315.

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Lactic acid, an important commodity chemical for various applications, is mainly produced through fermentation. In this study, the potential of non-ionic surfactants (an alcohol ethoxylate (AE) and two alcohol alkoxylates (AAs)) as solvents for the extraction of lactic acid from aqueous solutions is reported for the first time. Ternary mixtures containing lactic acid, water, and surfactants were prepared for the assessment. The results indicated that for all the systems, the water–surfactant binary pair exhibits partial immiscibility. Furthermore, the results suggested that with respect to the size of the two-phase region and stability of phases developed, the AE is the suitable solvent for the targeted extraction process. Thus, tie-lines for the system lactic acid + water + AE were then determined to establish the phase diagram of the system at 308.15 K. From the tie-lines, distribution coefficients and separation factors were estimated, which indicated that a compromise between the size and number of extraction units is necessary if AE is to be used as a solvent for lactic acid extraction. The extraction efficiency was estimated to be only about 37–48%. Nevertheless, the biodegradability and non-toxicity of AE makes it a viable solvent for the development of the extractive lactic acid fermentation process.

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24

Kaur, Manpreet. "Thermo Acoustic Parameters of Tetrabutylammonium Borate and Perchlorate in Non-Aqueous Solvents." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 37, no. 3 (2021): 722–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/370330.

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Interactions of electrolytes in a binary mixture can be determined by various techniques. Ultrasonic velocity measurements prove to be one of the important tools for measuring various acoustic properties at variable temperature. Thermo acoustic parameters like Isentropic compressibility (κs),Acoustic impedance (Z), Free volume (Vf), Absorption coefficient (Abscoeff), Intermolecular free length (Lf), Gibb’s free energy (ΔG), Relaxation time (τ), Rao’s constant (Rm), Internal pressure (πi), Wada’s constant (w), and Entropy (H) for Tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (Bu4NBPh4) and Tetrabuty lammonium perchlorate (Bu4NClO4) was calculated using experimental ultrasonic velocities, viscosities and densities at three different temperatures (298K, 308 K and 318K) and 1 atmospheric pressure in non-aqueous solvents like Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), Pyridine (Py) and their binary mixtures at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mol% of Py at variable temperatures ranging from 298K to 318K. Both Bu4NBPh4, Bu4NClO4, showed an increase in the ultrasonic velocity values at all the temperatures. This shows that molecular interactions are taking place in both the electrolytes. These increases in the molecular interactions with increase in the concentration of electrolytes in the solvent mixture were discussed in terms of solvent structural effects. And results showed the greater molecular interaction in DMSO rich regions.

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25

Lattes, Armand, Emile Perez, and Isabelle Rico-Lattes. "Organized molecular systems in structured non-aqueous solvents. Is formamide a water like solvent?" Comptes Rendus Chimie 12, no. 1-2 (2009): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crci.2008.06.018.

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26

Bhanushali, D., S. Kloos, C. Kurth, and D. Bhattacharyya. "Performance of solvent-resistant membranes for non-aqueous systems: solvent permeation results and modeling." Journal of Membrane Science 189, no. 1 (2001): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0376-7388(01)00356-8.

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27

Ho, Junming. "Predicting pKa in Implicit Solvents: Current Status and Future Directions." Australian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 10 (2014): 1441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch14040.

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Computational prediction of condensed phase acidity is a topic of much interest in the field today. We introduce the methods available for predicting gas phase acidity and pKas in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents including high-level electronic structure methods, empirical linear free energy relationships (LFERs), implicit solvent methods, explicit solvent statistical free energy methods, and hybrid implicit–explicit approaches. The focus of this paper is on implicit solvent methods, and we review recent developments including new electronic structure methods, cluster-continuum schemes for calculating ionic solvation free energies, as well as address issues relating to the choice of proton solvation free energy to use with implicit solvation models, and whether thermodynamic cycles are necessary for the computation of pKas. A comparison of the scope and accuracy of implicit solvent methods with ab initio molecular dynamics free energy methods is also presented. The present status of the theory and future directions are outlined.

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28

Bedenikovic, Theresa, Sigrid Eyb-Green, and Wolfgang Baatz. "Non-Aqueous Facing Methods in Paper Conservation – Part I: Testing Facing Materials." Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material 39, no. 3 (2018): 185–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/res-2018-0009.

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Abstract This study focusses on non-aqueous facing methods in paper conservation. The aim was to develop facing systems which have sufficient adhesive strength to stabilize a paper-based object during a conservation treatment while at the same time being easily reversible after treatment without leaving any residues on the original. A variety of carrier materials, non-aqueous adhesives as well as different methods of adhesive application and activation were combined. Nylon, Rayon and Japanese tissue were coated with Klucel®, BEVA®, Aquazol®, Degalan®, Lascaux® and Plextol®. Adhesives were applied by brushing, spraying, stenciling and stamping. Subsequently, coated tissues were reactivated with different methods such as application of solvent vapors, application of solvents with a sponge or direct application of solvents. In addition, the reactivation was carried out by pressure and/or heat. The adhesive strength was classified using a simple peel test; by dyeing the adhesives, their penetration into the sample papers was made visible, and adhesive residues which may remain on the sample papers could be observed visually.

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29

Jouyban, Abolghasem, Maryam Khoubnasabjafari, Somaieh Soltani, Shahla Soltanpour, Elnaz Tamizi, and William E. Acree Jr. "Solubility prediction of solutes in non-aqueous binary solvent mixtures." Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 19, no. 3 (2008): 604–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-50532008000300032.

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30

Caram, J. A., M. J. Banera, J. F. Martínez Suárez, and M. V. Mirífico. "ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ANTHRAQUINONE DYES IN NON AQUEOUS SOLVENT SOLUTION." Electrochimica Acta 249 (September 2017): 431–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2017.07.139.

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31

Teagarden, Dirk L., and David S. Baker. "Practical aspects of lyophilization using non-aqueous co-solvent systems." European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 2 (2002): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0928-0987(01)00221-4.

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32

Nikakhtari, Hossein, Lisa Vagi, Phillip Choi, Qi Liu, and Murray R. Gray. "Solvent screening for non-aqueous extraction of Alberta oil sands." Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 91, no. 6 (2012): 1153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cjce.21751.

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33

Nishimura, Yusaku, and Yasuhiro Fukunaka. "Electrochemical reduction of silicon chloride in a non-aqueous solvent." Electrochimica Acta 53, no. 1 (2007): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2007.06.026.

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34

Patel, Rakesh P., Kaushal P. Patel, Kushal A. Modi, and Chirayu J. Pathak. "Formulation, development and evaluation of injectable formulation of Aspirin." Drugs and Therapy Studies 3, no. 1 (2013): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/dts.2013.e2.

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The objective of this study was to develop and manufacture a stable parenteral formulation for Aspirin, a non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. The solubility and stability of the drug was determined. Solubility studies suggested that Aspirin exhibited poor aqueous solubility but showed appreciable solubility in non-aqueous solvents. Based on the preformulation studies, a lyophilized parenteral formulation containing 25 mg/mL of Aspirin was prepared in a solvent system containing of 80% v/v water and 20% v/v polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400). Rubber closures, filter membranes, and liquid transfer tubing were selected on the basis of compatibility studies. The formulation was subjected to accelerated stability studies. After reconstitution with sterile water for injection, Aspirin injection was stable for a period of 8 hr at 2°C to 8°C. Accelerated stability studies suggested that the lyophilized product should be kept at controlled room temperature for longterm storage. The proposed non-aqueous solvent concentration used, are known to safe hence, toxicities/safety related issues may not raise. The proposed techniques would be economical, convenient and safe. Thus, the study opens the chances of preparing lyophilized formulation of poorly-water soluble drugs.

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35

Przybyłek, Maciej, Anna Kowalska, Natalia Tymorek, Tomasz Dziaman, and Piotr Cysewski. "Thermodynamic Characteristics of Phenacetin in Solid State and Saturated Solutions in Several Neat and Binary Solvents." Molecules 26, no. 13 (2021): 4078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26134078.

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The thermodynamic properties of phenacetin in solid state and in saturated conditions in neat and binary solvents were characterized based on differential scanning calorimetry and spectroscopic solubility measurements. The temperature-related heat capacity values measured for both the solid and melt states were provided and used for precise determination of the values for ideal solubility, fusion thermodynamic functions, and activity coefficients in the studied solutions. Factors affecting the accuracy of these values were discussed in terms of various models of specific heat capacity difference for phenacetin in crystal and super-cooled liquid states. It was concluded that different properties have varying sensitivity in relation to the accuracy of heat capacity values. The values of temperature-related excess solubility in aqueous binary mixtures were interpreted using the Jouyban–Acree solubility equation for aqueous binary mixtures of methanol, DMSO, DMF, 1,4-dioxane, and acetonitrile. All binary solvent systems studied exhibited strong positive non-ideal deviations from an algebraic rule of mixing. Additionally, an interesting co-solvency phenomenon was observed with phenacetin solubility in aqueous mixtures with acetonitrile or 1,4-dioxane. The remaining three solvents acted as strong co-solvents.

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36

Niwayama, Satomi. "Non-Enzymatic Desymmetrization Reactions in Aqueous Media." Symmetry 13, no. 4 (2021): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13040720.

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Symmetric organic compounds are generally obtained inexpensively, and therefore they can be attractive building blocks for the total synthesis of various pharmaceuticals and natural products. The drawback is that discriminating the identical functional groups in the symmetric compounds is difficult. Water is the most environmentally benign and inexpensive solvent. However, successful organic reactions in water are rather limited due to the hydrophobicity of organic compounds in general. Therefore, desymmetrization reactions in aqueous media are expected to offer versatile strategies for the synthesis of a variety of significant organic compounds. This review focuses on the recent progress of desymmetrization reactions of symmetric organic compounds in aqueous media without utilizing enzymes.

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37

Dwamena, Amos K. "Recent Advances in Hydrophobic Deep Eutectic Solvents for Extraction." Separations 6, no. 1 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations6010009.

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In the over 1,800 articles published since their inception in 2001, most deep eutectic solvents (DES) synthesized have been hydrophilic. The low cost, low toxicity, and bioavailability of DES make the solvent ‘green’ and sustainable for diverse applications. Conversely, the hydrophilicity of DES limits their practical application to only polar compounds, which is a major drawback of the solvent. For the past three years, hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) have emerged as an alternative extractive media capable of extracting non-polar organic and inorganic molecules from aqueous environments. Due to the infancy of HDES, for the first time, this mini-review summarizes the recent developmental advances in HDES synthesis, applications, challenges, and future perspectives of the solvent. In the future, it is believed HDES will replace the majority of toxic organic solvents used for analytical purposes.

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38

LOVE, RONALD B. "The Use of Non-aqueous Solvents in Dyeing II - Solvent Clearing of Dyed Polyester Yarns." Journal of the Society of Dyers and Colourists 94, no. 11 (2008): 486–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-4408.1978.tb03384.x.

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39

Faraji, Mohammad, and Ali Farajtabar. "Preferential solvation of quercetin in aqueous aprotic solvent mixtures." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 85, no. 2 (2020): 227–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc190408037f.

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Solvatochromism of quercetin was studied in binary mixtures of water with dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide at 25 ?C by UV?Vis measurements. For all mixtures, a non-linear trend was observed in spectral shifts plotted against the bulk mole fractions. Deviation from ideal behaviour indicates that the solvation shell of quercetin differs in composition from the bulk because of preferential solvation. The solvent exchange model was applied in the analysis of solvatochromic data in order to quantify the extent of preferential solvation in the case of solute?solvent and solvent?solvent intermolecular interactions. The results show that the solvation shell of quercetin is enriched in aprotic solvent and the complex that was formed by the interaction between water and an aprotic solvent, over the whole composition range. The distribution of the solvent species in the solvation cage was obtained from the calculation of the local mole fractions as a function the bulk composition. It shows that the solvent?solvent interactions have great influence on the solvation behaviour of quercetin in aqueous aprotic solvent mixtures.

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40

Guerard, Jennifer J., Peter R. Tentscher, Marianne Seijo, and J. Samuel Arey. "Explicit solvent simulations of the aqueous oxidation potential and reorganization energy for neutral molecules: gas phase, linear solvent response, and non-linear response contributions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 17, no. 22 (2015): 14811–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp04760e.

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Explicit solvent simulations are used to partition the aqueous adiabatic ionization potential (AIE_aq) into the gas phase adiabatic ionization energy (AIE_gas), linear solvent response (ΔΔGLRAsolv), and non-linear solvent response (ΔΔΔGnon-LRsolv) contributions.

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41

Kiss, László, Ferenc Kovács, and Sándor Kunsági-Máté. "Electropolymerization of N,N'-Diphenylguanidine in Non-Aqueous Aprotic Solvents and Alcohols." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 65, no. 1 (2020): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.14959.

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Electrooxidation of N,N’-diphenylguanidine (1,3-diphenylguanidine) was investigated in aprotic (acetonitrile, acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl formamide, propyleneoxide, nitromethane) and alcoholic (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol, benzyl alcohol) non-aqueous solvents at platinum electrode with cyclic voltammetry. Its concentration was 5 mM in most cases. In acetonitrile and acetone a sharp voltammetric peak appeared around 1 V vs. reference and currents measured in the subsequent scans showed that the electrode fouled quickly. In dimethyl formamide, the anodic peak heights decreased slowly in the subsequent scans but in dimethyl sulfoxide weak deactivation could be observed both in smaller and in higher concentration. In alcohols, continuous deactivation could be also observed during electrooxidation of N,N’-diphenylguanidine. The permeability studies showed that the structure of the formed polymer films varied significantly according to the solvent used for electrodeposition.

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42

Bhattacharyya, Moni Mohan. "On the partitioning of the viscosity B coefficient and the correlation of ionic B coefficients with partial molar volumes of ions for aqueous and non-aqueous solutions." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 67, no. 8 (1989): 1324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v89-204.

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A new method of partitioning the viscosity B coefficients has been proposed on the basis of the assumption that ionic B values should be a monotonie function of crystal radii cubed, independent of the sign of the charge, for aqueous and various non-aqueous systems. Ionic B values thus obtained in different solvents by a single method of division provide a basis for uniform comparison among themselves as well as with the existing values. The usual assumption of equal contributions of K+ and Cl− ions has been discarded. The internal consistency of the derived set of Bi values is demonstrated by correlation with the ionic radii, hydrated ionic radii, partial molal volumes, temperature coefficient of equivalent conductance, and partial molal ionic entropy. The salient feature of the set of Bi values is noted by its linear relationship not only with the partial molal volumes but the same is also observed with the ionic radii of ions of different valence and charge types. Eyring's equation for viscosity using Frank–Wen's model of ion–solvent interaction has been utilised for the calculation of void viscosity and electrostriction viscosity. The latter is compared with the corresponding component of partial molal volumes using the Drude–Nernst equation based on the continuum model for solvent. Keywords: ion–solvent model, ionic B values, B coefficients, division of B coefficient, void viscosity, micro viscosity.

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Mathur, Neha, Biplab Manna, and Arun Kumar Sharma. "Relationship between Viscosity and Micellization of Fused Chelates of Thiazine Drugs in Different Chemical Compositions." Current Physical Chemistry 9, no. 3 (2019): 232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1877946809666190424145506.

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Background: Phenothiazines and Triphenodithiazines are included in the class of nitrogen and sulphur donating ligands. They have a wide spectrum of biological activities and form important class of heterocyclic compounds. Both drugs are being used as, antitumors, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anaesthetics, anticancer agents, antimalarials, antimicrobials, anti-cholinergics, growth inhibitors, and many other pharmacological agents. Objective: Present work has been initiated with a view to obtain a profile regarding structural insight of complexes of Cobalt (II), Ni (II) and Zinc (II) soaps derived from substituted phenothiazines 15 and triphenodithiazines using latest technique. It also gives an account of micelle formation in the mixed non aqueous solvents. Methods: The viscosity, specific viscosity, and fluidity of complexes of Co, Ni, and Zn Oleate with substituted phenothiazine and triphenodithiazine in methanol + benzene solvents was determined at a constant temperature of 303.15 K to study the micellar features and critical micelle concentration (CMC). In the present work benzene+ methanol have selected as co solvents due to these interact with complex molecules and thus affected aggregation of complex molecules. Results: The results were used to determine the CMC, soap complex-solvent interactions and the effect of chain length of the surfactant molecule on various parameters. The conclusions concerning solute-solute and solute-solvent interaction were discussed regarding the well-known Moulik’s and Jones-Dole equations. Conclusion: From above results it may be concluded that the micelle formation take place earlier in the case of triphenodithiazine complexes due to larger molecular structure, so a smaller number of molecules are needed to form micelle. Micellization also confirms the existence of complex aggregation in the non-aqueous mixed solvents. To conclude, it can be unveiled on the basis of the result acquired that above study of complexes conforms the presence of complex aggregation in the non - aqueous mixed solvents.

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Torres, Dolores, Lina Boado, Dolores Blanco, and José L. Vila-Jato. "Comparison between aqueous and non-aqueous solvent evaporation methods for microencapsulation of drug–resin complexes." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 173, no. 1-2 (1998): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-5173(98)00224-5.

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Herrmann, Joachim, and Roland Bodmeier. "Biodegradable, somatostatin acetate containing microspheres prepared by various aqueous and non-aqueous solvent evaporation methods." European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 45, no. 1 (1998): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0939-6411(97)00125-2.

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46

Chiang, Yvonne, Kirill Kolmakov, and A. Jerry Kresge. "Ketonization of the unusually acidic elongated enol generated by flash photolytic decarboxylation of p-formylphenylacetic acid in aqueous solution." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 86, no. 2 (2008): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v07-095.

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Rates of photolysis of p-formylphenylacetic acid were measured flash photoytically in perchloric acid and sodium hydroxide solutions, and also in acetic acid, biphosphate ion, and tris-(hydroxymethyl)methaneammonium ion buffers, using H2O and D2O as solvents. The results provide rate profiles and solvent isotope effects, which indicate that photolysis occurs through an elongated enol intermediate. This enol is unusually strongly acidic, by some two to three pQa units, when compared with simple non-elongated enols.Key words: flash photolysis, elongated enols, rate profiles, solvent isotope effects.

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47

Gupta, Anshu, and S. K. Khare. "Enzymes from solvent-tolerant microbes: Useful biocatalysts for non-aqueous enzymology." Critical Reviews in Biotechnology 29, no. 1 (2009): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07388550802688797.

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Li, Tie-hu, Xiao-xian Wang, Yong-bin Ji, Wei Jin, and Qi-lang Lin. "Synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbons by non-aqueous solvent evaporation method." Carbon 50, no. 1 (2012): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2011.08.029.

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Jouyban, Abolghasem, Ali Shayanfar, and William E. Acree. "Solubility prediction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in non-aqueous solvent mixtures." Fluid Phase Equilibria 293, no. 1 (2010): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2010.02.014.

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Mamontov, E., V. K. Sharma, J. M. Borreguero, and M. Tyagi. "Protein-Style Dynamical Transition in a Non-Biological Polymer and a Non-Aqueous Solvent." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 120, no. 12 (2016): 3232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b00866.

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