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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-canonical clauses'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Sarvasy, Hannah. "Breaking the clause chains." Studies in Language 39, no. 3 (2015): 664–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.39.3.05sar.

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Clause chaining in Papuan languages is a keystone of the literature on switch-reference (Haiman & Munro 1983, Stirling 1993). Canonically, a clause chain is considered to comprise one or more ‘medial’ clauses, followed by a single ‘final’ clause. In Nungon and other Papuan languages, canonical clause chains coexist with non-canonical clause chains, which either feature medial clauses postposed after the final clause, or lack a final clause altogether. I examine the functions of non-canonical medial clauses in Nungon and other Papuan languages in a first attempt at a typology of these uses,
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2

BÉJAR, SUSANA, and ARSALAN KAHNEMUYIPOUR. "Non-canonical agreement in copular clauses." Journal of Linguistics 53, no. 3 (2017): 463–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222671700010x.

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In this paper we investigate cross-linguistic variation in the morphosyntax of copular clauses, focusing on agreement patterns in binominal structures [NP1 BE NP2]. Our starting point is the alternation between NP1 and NP2 agreement, which arises both within and across languages. This alternation is typically taken to be confined to specificational (i.e. inverted) clauses, and previous analyses have strongly identified NP2 agreement with the syntax of inversion. However, we show that NP2 agreement is attested in a broader range of contexts, specifically in (assumed identity) equative structure
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3

Zhukova, Svetlana, Natalia Zevakhina, Natalia Slioussar, and Evgeny Glazunov. "Non-canonical control in Russian converbial clauses." Russian Linguistics 44, no. 2 (2020): 129–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11185-020-09229-8.

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4

Izutsu, Mitsuko Narita, and Katsunobu Izutsu. "Stopgap subordinators and and but: A non-canonical structure emergent from interactional needs and typological requirements." Cognitive Linguistics 28, no. 2 (2017): 239–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2015-0027.

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AbstractThe present article examines the usage of coordinators as subordinating devices. An investigation of a corpus of spoken American English reveals that and and but can occupy clause-final position and be used for marking syntactic and functional asymmetries. It has been pointed out that such final coordinators arise as a result of interactional contingencies (Barth-Weingarten 2014, Dialogism and the emergence of final particles: The case of and. In Susanne Günthner, Wolfgang Imo & Jörg Bücker (eds.), Grammar and dialogism, 335–366. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter). However,
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Bárány, András, and Irina Nikolaeva. "Possessive and non-identity relations in Turkic switch-reference." Studies in Language 44, no. 3 (2020): 606–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.19061.bar.

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Abstract This paper provides an overview of non-canonical patterns of switch-reference involving the converb in -(V)p in selected Turkic languages. This converb is usually described as a same-subject converb, but we show that it can conform to McKenzie’s (2012) extended definition of “same-subject” as expressing the identity of topic situations, rather than subject referents. In addition to tracking cross-clausal subject identity, -(V)p can be used when the possessor of the subject of one clause corefers with the subject of another clause and when the events expressed by the two clauses are in
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GUZ, WOJCIECH. "The structural non-integration of wh-clefts." English Language and Linguistics 19, no. 3 (2015): 477–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674315000180.

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Weinert & Miller (1996) suggest that English wh-clefts are a heterogeneous class in that they can have varied degrees of structural integration. Many such constructions depart structurally from the canonical wh-cleft which consists of a wh-clause, the copula and a focus constituent, and in which all the three elements are brought together into a fully integrated utterance. In the types of wh-clefts displaying looser structure, their lack of syntactic integration has so far been related to such linguistic features as (a) omission of the copula, (b) non-canonical copular complementation, e.g
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7

Arkadiev, Peter M. "(Non)finiteness, constructions and participles in Lithuanian." Linguistics 58, no. 2 (2020): 379–424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0045.

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AbstractThis article offers an analysis of the morphosyntactic properties of Lithuanian participles in terms of the criteria of “canonical” finiteness proposed by (Nikolaeva, Irina. 2013. Unpacking finiteness. In Dunstan Brown, Marina Chumakina & Greville G. Corbett (eds.), Canonical morphology and syntax, 99–122. Oxford: Oxford University Press.). It is shown that in their different uses, i. e., as heads of two types of evidential clauses, as predicates in complement, adverbial and attributive clauses and as lexical verbs in periphrastic constructions, Lithuanian participles show consider
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Nyqvist, Eeva-Liisa. "Subject-verb Word Order in Narratives in Swedish by Immersion and Non-immersion Students." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 12, no. 5 (2021): 641–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1205.02.

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The Swedish V2 word order has been considered a notorious source of difficulty for L2 learners due to its strict rules. This study explores subject-verb word order in texts written in Swedish by 12-year-old and 15-year-old Finnish-speaking immersion students and by 16-year-old non-immersion students. Although the L1 of the informants lacks obligatory inversion, the analyses show that informants in all three groups have reached a high accuracy level in several aspects of word order in main clauses. However, the informants struggle with challenges that are similar to those detected in previous r
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9

BREUL, CARSTEN. "The perfect participle paradox: some implications for the architecture of grammar." English Language and Linguistics 18, no. 3 (2014): 449–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674314000124.

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The topic of this article can be exemplified by the final clause of the following attested sentence: I don't know how he found out that she belonged to that lass, but find out he has. Clauses like this one show a preposed verb phrase that is headed by a plain verb whereas the non-preposed verb phrase of their canonical counterparts is obligatorily headed by a perfect participle (i.e. he has {found / *find} out). This peculiarity of verb phrase preposing, which will be referred to as the perfect participle paradox, has seldom been discussed. The article starts by showing that clauses that manif
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10

Wang, Fang, and Fuyun Wu. "Postnominal relative clauses in Chinese." Linguistics 58, no. 6 (2020): 1501–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0226.

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AbstractIn contrast to well-studied prenominal relative clauses (RCs) in Chinese, little has been known about postnominal RCs that are non-canonical but existent in spoken Chinese. Focusing on Standard Mandarin, this paper examines in a large-scale spoken corpus the distributional patterns of postnominal RCs. Using distribution patterns of prenominal RCs in existing corpus studies as benchmarks, we show that postnominal RCs in our spoken corpus of Standard Mandarin tend to modify sentential objects more frequently than sentential subjects, and that they are likely to be short, with extremely r
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11

Móia, Telmo, and Rui Marques. "Estruturas comparativas complexas: variação e desvio e questões de tradução." Revista da Associação Portuguesa de Linguística, no. 5 (November 21, 2019): 265–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26334/2183-9077/rapln5ano2019a19.

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In this paper, we analyse two subtypes of related comparative constructions in Portuguese, with a focus on grammatical anomaly and change – whether expressed in translated text, as a result of calquing (from English), or in autochthonous text, evincing an area of grammatical instability and change in progress. These are: on the one hand, comparative clauses using multiplicative numbers or fractions, like the Portuguese counterparts of the president is twice as popular as the prime minister or women are four times less likely to develop coronary problems than men, and, on the other hand, nomina
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12

Teston-Bonnard, Sandra. "Règles d’ordre des éléments Non Régis." Ordre des mots et topologie de la phrase française 29, no. 1 (2006): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.29.1.16tes.

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In the first part of the paper we give an overwiew of a natural syntactic class of constituents defined by means of a specific set of criteria : the “non régis” (NR) (non integrated in the grammatical structure of the utterance). This class, gathers, various kinds of grammatical units of non canonical syntactic status in traditional descriptions : sentence adverbials, appositions, interjections, non canonical subordinate clauses, discourse particles… In the second part of the paper we show that, contrary to current assumptions, these linguistic units are not randomly combined with the core ele
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13

RICHES, NICK G. "Complex sentence profiles in children with Specific Language Impairment: Are they really atypical?" Journal of Child Language 44, no. 2 (2016): 269–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000915000847.

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AbstractChildren with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) have language difficulties of unknown origin. Syntactic profiles are atypical, with poor performance on non-canonical structures, e.g. object relatives, suggesting a localized deficit. However, existing analyses using ANOVAs are problematic because they do not systematically address unequal variance, or fully model random effects. Consequently, a Generalised Linear Model (GLM) was used to analyze data from a Sentence Repetition (SR) task involving relative clauses. seventeen children with SLI (mean age 6;7), twenty-one Language Matched (
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14

Wu, Zhaohong, and Alan Juffs. "What kind of priming is most effective in the processing of relative clauses in context?" Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 1 (July 6, 2016): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v1i0.3728.

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This paper examines the influence of different kinds of preceding contexts on the processing of Chinese relative clauses (RCs). We systematically compared the processing of RCs in a canonical, non-canonical, and “null” context. This paper is the first to systematically examine three accounts of priming (the thematic pattern priming account proposed by Lin (2014), in addition to both the verb phrase constituent priming account and the syntactic position sequence priming account proposed by Fedorenko, Piantadosi, and Gibson (2012)) in RC processing. Results showed discrepancies between predictio
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15

Koguma, Takeshi, and Katsunobu Izutsu. "Case-marking idiosyncrasy in subordination: the Japanese dative ni and beyond." Investigationes Linguisticae 41 (December 11, 2019): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/il.2018.41.6.

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This article examines Japanese idiosyncratic dative case markings, which cannot be accounted for by the semantics of verbs per se. We argue that the underlying mechanism is best described in terms of “blending of prefabricated forms in language production” (Barlow 2000), demonstrating that the relevant prefabricated structures provide a scaffold for the development of the use of dative ni in question. This study further explores some comparable non-canonical case markings observed in Korean subordinate clauses, suggesting that they can also be similarly characterized.
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16

Bell, David Michael, and Theresa Moran. "Comparing the wine tasting notes of Jancis Robinson and Terry Theise: A stylistic analysis." Text & Talk 40, no. 2 (2020): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/text-2019-2053.

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AbstractThis paper offers a stylistic analysis of the tasting notes (TNs) of wine writers Jancis Robinson and Terry Theise. We define linguistic style as those distinctive, consistent, and creative linguistic choices writers make beyond what is conventionally expected in a TN, which are only discernible by comparison to other wine reviewers. Using a corpus of Robinson’s and Theise’s TNs on German and Austrian wines 2012, we compare their TNs in terms of rhetorical and grammatical structure, use of descriptors, and other evaluative language. Robinson’s elliptical note-form style is characterize
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17

Suzuki, Satoko. "Vernacular style writing." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 19, no. 4 (2009): 583–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.19.4.04suz.

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This paper shows that some Japanese non-fiction writers are using various structural characteristics of spoken discourse in their writing. Their written discourse includes non-canonical word order and long sentences that are produced by combining a series of clauses. Their sentences may lack case or topic marking particles, but they may contain clause-final particles. Their discourse looks like it may have gone through a dynamic, on-going formation process because it includes reformulation and changes in the structure in midstream. It is proposed that writers who adopt such an approach are del
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18

FRIEDMANN, NAAMA, and RAMA NOVOGRODSKY. "The acquisition of relative clause comprehension in Hebrew: a study of SLI and normal development." Journal of Child Language 31, no. 3 (2004): 661–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000904006269.

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Comprehension of relative clauses was assessed in 10 Hebrew-speaking school-age children with syntactic SLI and in two groups of younger children with normal language development. Comprehension of subject- and object-relatives was assessed using a binary sentence-picture matching task. The findings were that while Hebrew-speaking children with normal development comprehend right-branching object relatives around the age of 6;0, children with syntactic SLI are still at chance level in object relatives by age 11;0. The four-year-olds were also at chance on object relatives. Comprehension of subj
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19

Kwon, Iksoo. "Evidentiality in Korean Conditional Constructions." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 36, no. 1 (2010): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v36i1.3913.

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In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt:This paper explores a seemingly non-canonical phenomenon where Korean firsthand evidential marker –te is employed in counterfactual conditionals (CC, henceforth). The phenomenon is of special interest, since it has been claimed that evidentials are not used in irrealis clauses (Anderson 1986: 274-275). Nevertheless, this paper shows that the firsthand evidential marker does appear in Korean CCs and further, argues that to employ the firsthand envidential marker is a conceptually optimal tactic for the speaker to have cognitive distance towards th
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20

Cornillie, Bert, and Nicole Delbecque. "Speaker commitment: Back to the speaker. Evidence from Spanish alternations." Commitment 22 (December 5, 2008): 37–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.22.03cor.

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This paper proposes an alternative cognitive account of the notion of speaker commitment in terms of speaker involvement and processing. The focus will be on the role of the speaker as conceptualizer. Invoking conceptualizer-related processing instead of speaker commitment has the advantage of avoiding reliance on non-speakerrelated dimensions to determine degrees of speaker commitment for introducing some propositional content. Our theoretical claim is based on two case studies from Spanish. First, canonical direct que ‘that’-clauses and oblique de que ‘of that’-clauses present an occasional
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Izre'el, Shlomo. "Syntax, Prosody, Discourse and Information Structure: The case for Unipartite clauses — A View from Spoken Israeli Hebrew / Sintaxe, prosódia, discurso e estrutura informacional: o caso das orações unipartidas. Uma visão do hebraico falado em Israel." REVISTA DE ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM 26, no. 4 (2018): 1675. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.26.4.1675-1726.

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Abstract: The canonical view of clause requires that it include predication. Utterances that do not fit into this view because they lack a subject are usually regarded as elliptical or as non-sentential utterances. Adopting an integrative approach to the analysis of spoken language that includes syntax, prosody, discourse structure, and information structure, it is suggested that the only necessary and sufficient component constituting a clause is a predicate domain, carrying the informational load of the clause within the discourse context, including a “new” element in the discourse, carrying
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22

Munaro, Nicola. "Complementizer doubling and subject extraction in Italo-Romance." Linguistic Variation 18, no. 2 (2018): 315–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lv.00020.mun.

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Abstract In this article I analyze the complementizer doubling construction attested in some early and modern Italo-Romance varieties, where a preposed (clausal or non clausal) constituent associated to the selected clause appears in the embedded left periphery preceded and followed by a subordinating complementizer. While the higher complementizer is uncontroversially interpreted as a lexicalization of the head Force°, the lower complementizer has been taken to lexicalize either the functional head Topic° or the functional head Fin°. Relying on previous formal analyses of subject extraction,
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23

Al-Balushi, Rashid. "Subject licensing in non-verbal clauses in Arabic." Brill’s Journal of Afroasiatic Languages and Linguistics 11, no. 2 (2019): 249–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18776930-01102002.

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Abstract This paper investigates the licensing of subjects in Standard Arabic participial clauses. Unlike verbal clauses, whose subject may appear post-verbally, the subject of participial clauses must precede the participle, having properties of topics of verbal clauses. I claim that this is because the canonical subject position, [Spec, vP], is not available for subjects of participles, due to lack of Nom Case. It is shown that neither tense nor a copula is sufficient to license structural Nom Case on a subject in [Spec, vP]. I conclude that the licensing of Nom Case on post-verbal subjects
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Zaitsu, Anissa, Jad Wehbe, Valentine Hacquard, and Jeff Lidz. "Clause types and speech acts in speech to children." Experiments in Linguistic Meaning 1 (July 30, 2021): 284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/elm.1.4886.

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The question of how and when children learn to associate clause type with its canonical function, or speech act, is currently unknown. It is widely observed that declaratives tend to result in assertions, interrogatives in questions, and imperatives in requests. Although such canonical links between clause type and speech acts are principled, they are known to be defeasible. In this corpus study, we investigate how parents talk to their children in the first years of life, and ask how their input might support this mapping, and to what extent it might pose difficulties. We find that the expect
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HUET, GÉRARD. "Special issue on ‘Logical frameworks and metalanguages’." Journal of Functional Programming 13, no. 2 (2003): 257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796802004549.

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There is both a great unity and a great diversity in presentations of logic. The diversity is staggering indeed – propositional logic, first-order logic, higher-order logic belong to one classification; linear logic, intuitionistic logic, classical logic, modal and temporal logics belong to another one. Logical deduction may be presented as a Hilbert style of combinators, as a natural deduction system, as sequent calculus, as proof nets of one variety or other, etc. Logic, originally a field of philosophy, turned into algebra with Boole, and more generally into meta-mathematics with Frege and
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26

Witkowski, Wojciech, and Bożena Rozwadowska. "(Non-)Intentional Readings of Labile Object Experiencer Psych-Verbs in Polish: Insights from a Self-Paced Reading Study." Anglica Wratislaviensia 58 (November 13, 2020): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0301-7966.58.8.

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Labile Object Experiencer psych-verbs are well-known to be compatible with intentional and non-intentional readings. When used in intentional contexts, labile OE psych-verbs exhibit properties of canonical agentive verbs. Previous studies on the agentive nature of labile OE psych-verbs indicate that it varies cross-linguistically. This article aims at investigating the properties of Polish labile OE psych-verbs in terms of their usage in non-intentional and intentional contexts, and in contrast to canonical agentive verbs. The results of the self-paced reading experiment showed that (i) proces
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27

Hook, Peter. "Semantics and Pragmatics of Non-Canonical Word Order in South Asian Languages: of lag- ‘Begin’ as an Attitude-Marker in Hindi-Urdu." Lingua Posnaniensis 53, no. 2 (2011): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10122-011-0010-9.

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Semantics and Pragmatics of Non-Canonical Word Order in South Asian Languages: <Verb-Left> of lag- ‘Begin’ as an Attitude-Marker in Hindi-Urdu This paper examines possible motivations for departures from canonical clause-final word order observed for the finite verb in Hindi-Urdu and other modern Indo-Aryan languages. Depiction of speaker attitude in Premchand's novel godān and the imperatives of journalistic style in TV newscasts are shown to be prime factors. The emergence of V-2 word-order in Kashmiri and other Himalayan languages may have had a parallel history.
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28

Gast, Volker. "I gave it him — on the motivation of the ‘alternative double object construction’ in varieties of British English." Ditransitivity 14, no. 1 (2007): 31–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.14.1.04gas.

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Three ditransitive constructions can be found in varieties of British English: (i) the ‘prepositional object construction’, where the recipient is encoded as a prepositional phrase (gave it to him); (ii) the ‘canonical double object construction’, where the recipient precedes the theme (gave him it); and (iii) the ‘alternative double object construction’, where the theme precedes the recipient (gave it him). The last of these constructions is typically found in (north)western varieties of British English when both objects are pronominal, and most of the relevant varieties have a ‘canonical’ or
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29

Tran, Thuan. "Non-canonical word order and temporal reference in Vietnamese." Linguistics 59, no. 1 (2021): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0256.

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Abstract The paper revisits Duffield’s (2007) (Duffield, Nigel. 2007. Aspects of Vietnamese clausal structure: Separating tense from assertion. Linguistics 45(4). 765–814) analysis of the correlation between the position of a ‘when’-phrase and the temporal reference of a bare sentence in Vietnamese. Bare sentences in Vietnamese, based on (Smith, Carlota S. & Mary S. Erbaugh. 2005. Temporal interpretation in Mandarin Chinese. Linguistics 43(4). 713–756), are argued to obtain their temporal interpretation from their aspectual composition, and the default temporal reference: bounded events ar
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30

Corr, Alice. "‘Exclamative’ and ‘quotative’ illocutionary complementisers in Catalan, European Portuguese and Spanish." Languages in Contrast 18, no. 1 (2018): 69–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.00004.cor.

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Abstract The use of the Ibero-Romance complementiser que in non-embedded contexts with various illocutionary functions is argued to be non-trivially distinct from its canonical function as a marker of subordination. Interpretative and grammatical differences, and variation in the availability and clause-typing of non-embedded ‘exclamative’ and ‘quotative’ illocutionary que across Catalan, European Portuguese and Spanish provide evidence that the subordinating complementiser has been repurposed for the representation of pragmatic information in the complementiser systems of Ibero-Romance, a hyp
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WONG, ANITA M. Y., DORCAS C. C. CHOW, CATHERINE MCBRIDE-CHENG, and STEPHANIE F. STOKES. "Optional elements and variant structures in the productions of bei2 ‘to give’ dative constructions in Cantonese-speaking adults and three-year-old children." Journal of Child Language 37, no. 1 (2009): 175–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000909009416.

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ABSTRACTTo express object transfer, Cantonese-speakers use a ‘ditransitive’ ([V–R–T] or [V–T–R] where V=Verb, T=Theme, R=Recipient), or a more complex prepositional/serial-verb (P/SV) construction. Clausal elements in Cantonese datives can be optional (resulting in ‘full’ versus ‘non-full’ forms) or appear in variant orders (full non-canonical and full canonical). We report on usage of dative constructions with the word bei2 ‘to give’ in 86 parents and 53 three-year-old children during conversations. The parents used more P/SV than ditransitive bei2-datives, and vice versa for the children. Bo
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32

Danto, Ludovic. "Sentence matrimoniale pro nullitate erronée et secondes noces canoniques: un apax juridique à la suite de la faculté II du 11 février 2013." Ius Matrimoniale 30, no. 2 (2019): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/im.2019.30.2.04.

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The subject of the article is the 2nd point of rescript of Benedict XVI of February 11, 2013: "Before the Roman Rota, it is not possible to apply for a new referral (nova causae propositio) after one of the parties has entered into a new canonical marriage", supplemented by 2nd point, 3 rescript of Francis of August 15, 2015 to add a final clause: "provided that the decision is clearly unfair".
 In the first part of this study, the author discusses the canonical principle about a quasi-judged thing and the truth about the marriage bond, in order to conclude in the second part that both of
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Moro, Andrea. "The geometry of predication: a configurational derivation of the defining property of clause structure." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1791 (2019): 20190310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0310.

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Predication is the fundamental grammatical relation defining clausal structures in all (and only) human languages. This notion is by definition compositional, since it consists of a link between a subject and a predicate. The central question addressed here is whether this traditional notion, which has never been dismissed ever since the canonical models of Ancient Greek linguistics, can be derived at a formal level from more abstract compositional algorithms. Capitalizing on predication in copular sentences, which allow factoring out non-essential aspects of this phenomenon, such as the morph
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Bousquette, Joshua. "You Take the Low Road and I’ll Take the High Road: Variation in Agreement Structure in Wisconsin Heritage German." Journal of Language Contact 11, no. 3 (2018): 525–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19552629-01103006.

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This article presents on interviews with 10 bilingual speakers of American English and Wisconsin Heritage German (WHG), with respect to their licensing of high (NP1) versus low (NP2) agreement. In terms of linguistic typology, English copular constructions license only NP1 agreement, in which the verb agrees in person and number with the first—or syntactically high—nominal element in the clause; Standard German copular constructions license NP2 agreement with the lower nominal element in the clause (though subsequent topicalization of this element is also licit). As a second variable, a subset
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Cedden, Gülay, and Özgür Aydın. "Do non-native languages have an effect on word order processing in first language Turkish?" International Journal of Bilingualism 23, no. 4 (2017): 804–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006917703454.

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Aims and Objectives/Purpose/Research Questions: Existing studies on sentence processing in bi-/multilinguals are typically centred on the first language (L1) influence on second language sentence processing. However, there is almost no evidence of influence in the other direction. The aim of this study is to find out whether being mono-, bi-, tri- or plurilingual has an effect on reading times (RTs) in the native language. To this end, Turkish native speakers’ RTs are measured when processing Turkish canonical subject–object–verb sentences, subject–verb–object (SVO) sentences where constituent
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FRANKS, STEVEN, and JAMES E. LAVINE. "Case and word order in Lithuanian." Journal of Linguistics 42, no. 2 (2006): 239–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226706003896.

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This paper examines the unusual case and word order behavior of objects of infinitives in Lithuanian. In addition to lexically determined case idiosyncrasy, Lithuanian exhibits syntactically determined case idiosyncrasy: with infinitives in three distinct constructions, case possibilities other than accusative obtain. These cases (dative, genitive, and nominative) depend on the general clause structure rather than on the particular infinitive. Moreover, unlike ordinary direct objects, these objects appear in a position preceding rather than following the verb. It is argued that they move to th
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Assaiqeli, Aladdin, Mahendran Maniam, and Mohammed Farrah. "Inversion and word order in English: A functional perspective." Studies in English Language and Education 8, no. 2 (2021): 523–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/siele.v8i2.20217.

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English is an SVO (Subject, Verb, Object) word order language. This canonical SVO pattern is the default unmarked word-order configuration typical of English, which makes this language to be classified under the typology of SVO languages. However, driven by the major purpose of language as an instrument of human communication and social interaction, and as a semantic system for making meanings, addressors sometimes depart in their discourse from this basic canonical order of constituents where a grammaticalized system like inversion takes place, resulting in inverted constructions. Through tes
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Goldstein, David M. "Variation versus Change." Indo-European Linguistics 4, no. 1 (2016): 53–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125892-00401006.

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Enclitic distribution in Greek (and archaic Indo-European generally) is governed by a set of generalizations known as Wackernagel’s Law, according to which enclitics occur in “second position.” As has long been known, surface exceptions to Wackernagel’s Law in Homer are uncommon, but in Herodotus are far more frequent. Wackernagel himself attributed this difference to syntactic change: in Homer a single mechanism is responsible for second-position clitic distribution, while in Herodotus the old second-position rule competes with new placement rules. Although the nature of these innovative mech
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Leung, Tommi. "The syntax of two types of sluicing in Tamil." Linguistic Review 35, no. 1 (2018): 35–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2017-0017.

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Abstract Recent analyses of sluicing focus on the underlying structure of the sluiced clause, i.e. sluicing as deriving from full-fledged wh-questions, or from reduced clefts (Ross 1969, Guess who? In Robert I. Binnick, Alice Davison, Georgia M. Green & Jerry L. Morgan (eds.), Proceedings of the Fifth Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society, 252–286. Chicago, IL: Chicago Linguistic Society, University of Chicago; Merchant 2001, The syntax of silence. Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press; Craenenbroeck, Jeroen van. 2010b. The syntax of ellipsis: Evidence from Dutch dialects. Oxfor
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Belligh, Thomas. "The role of referential givenness in Dutch alternating presentational constructions." Non-prototypical clefts 32 (December 31, 2018): 21–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bjl.00015.bel.

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Abstract Presentational constructions are linguistic structures that can convey all-focus utterances with no topic constituent that serve to introduce a referentially new entity or event into the discourse. Like many other languages, Dutch has several presentational constructions, including a Prosodic Inversion Construction (PIC), a Syntactic Inversion with Filler Insertion Construction (SIFIC) and a Non-Prototypical Cleft Construction (NPC). This article investigates these structures as alternating presentational constructions and focuses on referential givenness as a possible factor influenc
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Bobke, A., R. Vinuesa, R. Örlü, and P. Schlatter. "History effects and near equilibrium in adverse-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 820 (May 12, 2017): 667–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.236.

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Turbulent boundary layers under adverse pressure gradients are studied using well-resolved large-eddy simulations (LES) with the goal of assessing the influence of the streamwise pressure-gradient development. Near-equilibrium boundary layers were characterized through the Clauser pressure-gradient parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$. In order to fulfil the near-equilibrium conditions, the free stream velocity was prescribed such that it followed a power-law distribution. The turbulence statistics pertaining to cases with a constant value of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ (extending up to approximate
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EVANS, NICHOLAS, HENRIK BERGQVIST, and LILA SAN ROQUE. "The grammar of engagement II: typology and diachrony." Language and Cognition 10, no. 1 (2017): 141–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2017.22.

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abstractEngagement systemsencodethe relative accessibility of an entity or state of affairs to the speaker and addressee, and are thus underpinned by our social cognitive capacities. In our first foray into engagement (Part 1), we focused on specialised semantic contrasts as found in entity-level deictic systems, tailored to the primal scenario for establishing joint attention. This second paper broadens out to an exploration of engagement at the level of events and even metapropositions, and comments on how such systems may evolve. The languages Andoke and Kogi demonstrate what a canonical sy
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BRANDTLER, JOHAN. "The question of form in the forming of questions: The meaning and use of clefted wh-interrogatives in Swedish." Journal of Linguistics 55, no. 4 (2019): 755–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226718000634.

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This paper addresses the meaning and use of clefted wh-interrogatives (I-clefts) in Swedish. It is shown that I-clefts always relate immediately to the topic under discussion and serve to clarify a matter in relation to this topic. They are never used in out-of-the-blue contexts. I argue that I-clefts have the same information structure as typically assumed for declarative clefts: the clefted clause expresses an existential presupposition and the cleft phrase is the identificational focus of the utterance. I further argue that the implication of existence commonly associated with canonical arg
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Sarvasy, Hannah S. "Quantifying clause chains in Nungon texts." Studies in Language, May 21, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.19058.sar.

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Abstract Clause chains are sequences of clauses with under-specified verbal predicates, plus a single clause with a fully-specified verbal predicate. Clause chains represent the morpho-syntactic demarcation of a speech unit greater than a single clause, but the precise length of this unit is rarely assessed. Clause chain length, distribution, bridging linkage, and non-canonical forms are evaluated in a sample of 64 texts, containing over 1742 clause chains, in the Papuan language Nungon. In the 49 narrative texts, unlike in other genres, total clause chains per text increases as text duration
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Riedel, Kristina, and Mark de Vos. "Swahili coordinated infinitives and non-canonical case-marking." Journal of African Languages and Linguistics 38, no. 2 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jall-2017-0012.

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AbstractSwahili exhibits a construction where a tensed and an infinitival clause are coordinated. This is an example of “unbalanced” coordination insofar as one verb is tensed and the other is not. Furthermore, the licensing of an overt subject in the infinitival clause problematizes Case Theory because infinitival clauses do not assign nominative case. The construction is also puzzling because although it bears some characteristics of pseudo-coordination it also has properties reminiscent of true coordination. Despite the theoretical questions this raises, the construction has not been adequa
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Tiskin, Daniel. "Movement out of adjunct clauses in Russian: Evidence from semantics." Oslo Studies in Language 9, no. 1 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/osla.3611.

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I demonstrate that movement is possible in Russian out of adjunct clauses and correlatives, contrary to the toy theory that views them as islands. In the case of adjuncts my examples are either those of overt movement or those which as I will argue display LF movement with pronominal resumption. The latter cases will require a re-examination of Ivlieva’s (2011) “laziness” theory of pronouns bound by universal antecedents in conditionals. The observations add to the already known cases of island violation in Russian and are put into the broader context of non-canonical extraction patterns acros
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Iefremenko, Kateryna, Christoph Schroeder, and Jaklin Kornfilt. "Converbs in heritage Turkish: A contrastive approach." Nordic Journal of Linguistics, September 9, 2021, 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586521000160.

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Abstract Turkish expresses adverbial subordination predominantly by means of converb clauses. These are headed by nonfinite verbs, i.e. converbs, which have a converb suffix attached to the stem. The different converbs express different aspectual relations between the subordinate and the superordinate clause, and they can be modifying or non-modifying. We analyse data from speakers of Turkish as a heritage language in Germany and the U.S. as well as monolingual speakers of Turkish in Turkey. The data come from two age groups: adults and adolescents. We show that unlike in canonical Turkish, co
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Say, Sergey. "Kalmyk causative constructions: case marking, syntactic relations and the speaker’s perspective." Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Aikakauskirja 2013, no. 94 (2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.33340/susa.82521.

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 This study is primarily concerned with the syntactic organisation of Kalmyk clauses headed by verbs that contain a morphological causative marker. The data reported here have been compiled during the summers between 2006 and 2008 in the Republic of Kalmykia. The fieldwork was organised by St. Petersburg State University and the Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences.
 This fieldwork has been conducted in several villages in the North-Western part of the Republic of Kalmykia. This region is supposed to be the area where the Dörböt dialect of the
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Thomason, Olga. "*En-phrases and Their Morphosyntactic and Semantic Particulars." Oslo Studies in Language 3, no. 3 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.5617/osla.39.

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Prepositions constitute a problematic category because they tend to have complex semantic and syntagmatic properties, vary in case governance and are frequently in variation with each other. Reflexes of the Indo-European *en are well attested and remain productive in Greek, Classical Armenian, Gothic and Old Church Slavic among other languages. Correspondences of Greek en/eis with Gothic in, Armenian i and Old Church Slavic vŭ occur in many instances in the canonical gospels of the New Testament. However, Greek en/eis is frequently translated with other constructions in these languages that ra
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