Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-chronic

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Non-chronic'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-chronic"

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Bhalla, Shivali, Sandesh Ganjoo, Prabhleen Kapoor, Varun Kaul, and Amanpreet Sethi. "Non classical Potter’s sequence: a rare complication of chronic oligohydramnios." New Indian Journal of OBGYN 5, no. 2 (January 2019): 146–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/obgyn.2019.5.2.17.

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Holliday, Simon, and Milton Cohen. "Chronic non-cancer pain." Australian Prescriber 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2014.024.

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Unwin, N., and K. G. M. M. Alberti. "Chronic non-communicable diseases." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 100, no. 5-6 (August 2006): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/136485906x97453.

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Clark, Michael R. "Chronic non-malignant pain." International Review of Psychiatry 12, no. 2 (January 2000): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540260050007381.

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Abram, S. "Chronic non-malignant pain." Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 1, no. 3 (September 1988): 383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001503-198801030-00021.

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Abram, S. "Chronic non-malignant pain." Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 1, no. 3 (September 1988): 383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001503-198809000-00021.

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Furnell, J. R., A. L. Spiers, and P. V. Dutton. "Chronic non-specific diarrhoea." Archives of Disease in Childhood 60, no. 10 (October 1, 1985): 994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.60.10.994-b.

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Chapple, Iain, and Nairn Wilson. "Chronic non-communicable diseases." British Dental Journal 216, no. 9 (May 2014): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2014.357.

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Savilahti, E., O. Simell, and S. Frefer. "CHRONIC NON-SPECIFIC DIARRHEA." Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 5, no. 3 (May 1986): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005176-198605000-00036.

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Piterman, Leon, and Hui Yang. "Chronic non-communicable disease." Family Medicine and Community Health 6, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.15212/fmch.2017.0145.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-chronic"

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Adigwe, Obi Peter. "Non-medical prescribing in chronic non-malignant pain." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12675/.

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Introduction: Chronic non-malignant pain poses considerable risk to patients and the health service but its management is still inadequate. The introduction of prescribing for nurses and pharmacists suggests that non-medical prescribing can improve some important aspects of healthcare services. Aim: To provide new insights and theory regarding how nurses and pharmacists prescribe for chronic pain, together with how the service is perceived by chronic pain patients and to uncover barriers and facilitators encountered when this group is prescribed for. Method: A mixed methods strategy was employed in this study. A grounded theory approach was used to collect data from non-medical prescribers and patients. Non-medical prescribes were then surveyed to confirm the emerging theory and determine barriers and facilitators. Findings: The theory ‘safety and support within the prescribing environment’ explains the relationship that non-medical prescribers have with colleagues, patients and other factors in their prescribing environment in their prescribing for chronic pain. Non-medical prescribers are motivated by various factors and may adopt an innovative or conservative approach in their prescribing. Nurses were more likely to engage in informal mentoring relationships, but were limited by their lack of medication knowledge. Pharmacists were limited by a lack of experience with patients, inaccessibility to formal CPD in paid work time and the threats introduced by concerns around ‘second checking'. Chronic pain patients had strategies to maintain relationships with their prescribers and this relationship influenced the likelihood of considering other measures to cope with their pain. Conclusion: Nurses and pharmacists who qualified as prescribers would be more likely to prescribe for chronic pain if they perceived certain essential elements in their prescribing environment. This theory can facilitate assessment of non-medical prescribers’ support, involvement of patients and the development of resources to encourage prescribing.
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Parkes, Dr Julie. "Non-invasive biomarkers in chronic liver disease." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.509473.

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Mackinnon, Bruce. "Progression of non-diabetic chronic renal failure." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433572.

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Tuggey, Justin Mark. "Non-invasive ventilation in chronic respiratory failure." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427749.

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Wells, Caroline Elizabeth. "Persistence with non-functional problem solving in chronic pain." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1177/.

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Research has demonstrated the relationship between persistence with problem solving focussed on pain removal and increased levels of distress in the chronic pain population. It has been suggested that one factor which motivates individuals to persist with pain removal strategies, despite repeated failed attempts, is their worries about the future. This can be conceptualised as the feared-for self. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between problem solving strategies and the feared-for self in individuals with chronic pain. An additional aim of this research was to develop a new measure of problem solving requiring respondents to generate novel solutions to problem vignettes. 58 participants with chronic pain were recruited from specialist pain clinics. Participants completed the feared-for selves interview, a questionnaire measure of problem solving (PaSol), the new problem solving measure (MEPSP) and measures of pain severity (VAS), psychological distress(HADS), pain acceptance (CPAQ) and pain-related disability (PDI). Persistence with pain removal (assimilative problem solving) was significantly correlated with proximity to the feared-for self and enmeshment with the feared-for self. Multiple regression analyses found mixed results. Proximity to the feared-for self was a significant predictor of assimilative problem solving when the MEPSP was used as the outcome variable but this was not replicated with the PaSol data. Enmeshment with the feared-for self was a significant predictor of assimilative problem solving when the PaSol was the outcome variable but this was not replicated with the MEPSP data. This study has provided initial support for the relationship between the feared-for self and assimilative problem solving in the chronic pain population. However, further research is necessary to verify these findings. Initial results for the MEPSP suggest that further development of this measure is worthwhile. The clinical implications of these results are discussed along with suggestions for future research.
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Horner, Patrick Jacob. "The aetiology of acute and chronic non-gonococcal urethritis." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415156.

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Murphy, Georgina Anne Veronica. "Chronic non-communicable diseases and risk factors in rural Uganda." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.707995.

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Mabote, Thato. "Novel concepts for non-invasive telemonitoring in chronic heart failure." Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11918.

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Background: The morbidity and mortality from chronic heart failure (HF) remains alarmingly high, in part due to failure to apply substantial disease modifying strategies to halt disease progression. Telemonitoring has been proposed as a potential disease management strategy to deal with the burden posed by HF. While treatment decisions guided by invasive telemonitoring data have shown early promise, it is unclear whether non-invasively derived surrogates of haemodynamics could be reliable enough to guide therapeutic interventions. Aims: The principal aim of this thesis is to investigate whether non-invasive “smart technologies” could accurately detect and track subtle changes in surrogates of cardiovascular haemodynamics in response to challenges posed by activities of daily living and non-adherence to therapy. Methodology: A series of prospective clinical studies were conducted in stable patients with chronic heart failure, on optimum tolerated guideline directed therapy for heart failure. Studies were performed under clinically adapted conditions to mimic the patient’s own habitat. Results: Significant systemic haemodynamic perturbations were detected non-invasively with variations in environmental temperature. Additionally, music, which modulates the sympathetic tone, led to modest changes in systemic blood pressure and heart rate, although the changes did not reach statistical significance. Non-adherence to cardiovascular therapy led to striking adverse changes in systemic haemodynamics. Smart technologies demonstrated a remarkable consistency in detecting haemodynamic perturbations. Conclusion: Non-invasive detection and tracking of changes in haemodynamics is feasible with smart technologies. The results need to be validated in larger multicenter clinical trials, with particular emphasis on using the data to guide therapeutic decisions.
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Mes, Carola Adriana Johanna. "Improving non-optimal results in chronic pain treatment a tripartite approach /." Enschede : University of Twente [Host], 2006. http://doc.utwente.nl/57649.

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Shojaei, Iman. "LOWER BACK BIOMECHANICS AT NON-CHRONIC STAGE OF LOW BACK PAIN." UKnowledge, 2018. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/52.

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Prior studies have reported differences in lower back biomechanics during activities of daily living between individuals with and without chronic low back pain (LBP). Nevertheless, the literature on lower back biomechanics of patients with non-chronic LBP is scant. Therefore, the objective of this study, as the first step towards future prospective studies, was to investigate the lower back biomechanics in patients with non-chronic LBP. Case-control studies were conducted wherein measures of lumbo-pelvic coordination during bending and return tasks as well as measures of mechanical demand on the lower back during lifting tasks in the sagittal plane were investigated between patients with non-chronic LBP and matched asymptomatic individuals. Patients were enrolled into the study at the non-chronic stage of their LBP. We found distinct difference in measures of lumbo-pelvic coordination as well as mechanical demands on the lower back between patients with non-chronic LBP and controls. Reduced lumbar range of flexion and slower task pace as well as the more in-phase and less variable lumbo-pelvic coordination observed in patients with non-chronic low back pain, may be the result of a neuromuscular adaptation to reduce the forces and deformation in the lower back tissues and avoid pain aggravation. Such a neuromuscular adaptation, however, resulted in a larger shearing demand on the lower back. Persistent abnormal lumbo-pelvic coordination might play a role in transition to chronic stage or recurrence of LBP. However, such inferences need to be further investigated using prospective studies as well as clinical trials involving a combination of physical and psychological treatments aimed at correction of lumbo-pelvic coordination.
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Books on the topic "Non-chronic"

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Ghana, University of, ed. Chronic non-communicable diseases in Ghana: Multidisciplinary perspectives. Legon, Accra, Ghana: For the University of Ghana by Sub-Saharan Publishers, 2013.

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Graft Aikins, A. de, and C. Agyemang, eds. Chronic non-communicable diseases in low and middle-income countries. Wallingford: CABI, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781780643328.0000.

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Desta, Girma, and Dereje Seyoum. Emerging public health problems in Ethiopia: Chronic non-communicable disease. [Addis Ababa]: Ethiopian Public Health Association (EPHA), 2012.

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Scott, Ann. Trigger point injections for chronic non-malignant musculoskeletal pain: Ann Scott, Bing Guo. Edmonton, Alta: Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research, 2005.

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Tiessen, Janice Elyse Dick. A study of chronic antigenic stimulation and B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1995.

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New Caledonia Renal Failure Network. Study of risk factors for chronic non-communicable diseases in Wallis and Futuna: Report. Noumea, New Caledonia: Secretariat of the Pacific Community, 2010.

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Editors of Alternative Medicine Digest, ed. Chronic Fatique, Fibromyalgia & Environmental Illness: Alternative Medicine Guide to. Tiburon, CA, USA: Future Medicine Publishing, Inc., 1998.

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Klicpera, Martin. Chronic aortic regurgitation: Prognostic parameters for patients with chronic aortic regurgitation undergoing aortic valve replacement : value of invasive and non-invasive methods and pharmacological interventions (systemic vasodilation). Wien: Facultas Universitätsverlag, 1985.

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Szwec, David Walter. Effects of chronic alcohol use in male offenders: Performance in reasoning, spatial relations and non-visual spatial memory. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, Department of Psychology, 1995.

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Allen, Sara Elizabeth. What is the evidence for the effectiveness of non-drug pain management on patients with chronic low back pain?. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Non-chronic"

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De Castro, J., J. Meynadier, and M. Zenz. "Chronic non-malignant pain." In Regional Opioid Analgesia, 425–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2321-8_16.

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Dhillon, Ramindar S., and James W. Fairley. "Chronic non-specific rhinitis." In Multiple-choice Questions in Otolaryngology, 96–97. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10805-3_144.

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Dhillon, Ramindar S., and James W. Fairley. "Chronic non-specific sinusitis." In Multiple-choice Questions in Otolaryngology, 102. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10805-3_153.

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Dhillon, Ramindar S., and James W. Fairley. "Chronic non-specific pharyngitis." In Multiple-choice Questions in Otolaryngology, 186. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-10805-3_275.

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Peters, Nils, Martin Dichgans, Sankar Surendran, Josep M. Argilés, Francisco J. López-Soriano, Sílvia Busquets, Klaus Dittmann, et al. "Chronic Non Suppurative Cholangitis." In Encyclopedia of Molecular Mechanisms of Disease, 357–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29676-8_7960.

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Cruickshank, Alan H., and Emyr W. Benbow. "Non-infective Chronic Pancreatitis." In Pathology of the Pancreas, 281–318. London: Springer London, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3005-5_13.

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Cruickshank, A. H. "Non-infective Chronic Pancreatitis." In Pathology of the Pancreas, 233–58. London: Springer London, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3329-2_12.

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Hedrich, Christian M., and Hermann J. Girschick. "Chronic Non-Bacterial Osteomyelitis." In Textbook of Autoinflammation, 563–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98605-0_31.

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Mayo, Patrick R., and Sheila Walter. "Chronic Non-cancer Pain." In Patient Assessment in Clinical Pharmacy, 283–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11775-7_21.

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El-Darouti, Mohammad Ali. "Non-resolving Chronic Eyelid Swelling." In Challenging Cases in Dermatology, 255–60. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4249-2_35.

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Conference papers on the topic "Non-chronic"

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Martinez, Carlos H., Yahong Chen, Ella A. Kazerooni, Susan Murray, Gerard J. Criner, Jeffrey L. Curtis, Fernando J. Martinez, Victor Kim, and MeiLan K. Han. "Non-Obstructive Chronic Bronchitis In The COPDGene Cohort." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a6622.

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Weinberger, M. M. "Non-Pharmacologic Cessation of Medically Unexplained Chronic Cough." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a2358.

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de Melo-Filho, Fernando, Renato Ricci, Maick Neves, Telmo Belsuzarri, Mateus Deltreggia, and João Mattos. "Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Mimicking Chronic Subdural Hematoma: Case Report." In XXXII Congresso Brasileiro de Neurocirurgia. Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1672805.

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Dąbrowska, Marta, Elżbieta Grabczak, Katarzyna Białek-Gosk, Aleksandra Rybka, Olga Truba, Karolina Klimowicz, and Rafal Krenke. "Uncommon causes of chronic cough in non-smoking adults." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa4343.

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López Martín, Soledad, Elena Ojeda Castillejo, Daniel López-Padilla, Beatriz Recio Moreno, Christian Castro Riera, Virginia Gallo González, Zichen Ji, et al. "Potential biomarkers in non invasive ventilation for chronic respiratory failure." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2308.

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Elhabashy, Mahmoud, Ahmed Khamis, Waleed Shehab, Mohamed Shaban, Abdallah Essa, and Mahmoud Kamel. "Hepatopulmonary syndrome in non-cirrhotic patients with chronic viral hepatitis." In Annual Congress 2015. European Respiratory Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2015.pa3758.

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Bonfield, T. L., L. Auster, V. Ragavapuram, D. Fletcher, M. Sutton, R. Somoza, J. Kurtzberg, M. K. Glassberg Csete, and A. I. Caplan. "Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy and Chronic Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterium Infection." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a2657.

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Kim Su, K., and Y. Ban Ju. "The effect of Korean red ginseng on chronic non-bacterial prostatitis." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608352.

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Gunasekera, Kirthi D., D. Lakmali Amarasiri, Amitha Fernando, and Rajitha Wickramasinghe. "Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in non-smoking Sri Lankan adults." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa2838.

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Acarı, Ceyhun, Elif Çomak, Şükrü Çekiç, Serkan Turkucar, Hatice Adiguzel Dundar, Sara Şebnem Kılıç, Sema Akman, and Erbil Unsal. "AB1068 CLINICAL FEATURES IN TURKISH CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC NON-BACTERIAL OSTEOMYELITIS." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, EULAR 2019, Madrid, 12–15 June 2019. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-eular.1400.

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Reports on the topic "Non-chronic"

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Moore, David W., and Thomas M. Dillon. Chronic Sublethal Effects of San Francisco Bay Sediments on Nereis (Neanthes) Arenaceodentata: Non treatment Factors. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada259400.

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Sung, Won-Suk, Yejin Hong, and Eun-Jung Kim. The effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture for non-specific chronic low back pain: A protocol for systematic review and/or meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.12.0039.

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Wu, Zijian, Liang Li, Guiling Wu, Youqiong Xie, Jia Li, and Rui Peng. Effects of Tonifying Kidney and Strengthen Bone Therapy on Non-dialysis Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral and Bone Disorder: a protocol for the systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.12.0086.

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Treadwell, Jonathan R., James T. Reston, Benjamin Rouse, Joann Fontanarosa, Neha Patel, and Nikhil K. Mull. Automated-Entry Patient-Generated Health Data for Chronic Conditions: The Evidence on Health Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepctb38.

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Background. Automated-entry consumer devices that collect and transmit patient-generated health data (PGHD) are being evaluated as potential tools to aid in the management of chronic diseases. The need exists to evaluate the evidence regarding consumer PGHD technologies, particularly for devices that have not gone through Food and Drug Administration evaluation. Purpose. To summarize the research related to automated-entry consumer health technologies that provide PGHD for the prevention or management of 11 chronic diseases. Methods. The project scope was determined through discussions with Key Informants. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE (via EMBASE.com), In-Process MEDLINE and PubMed unique content (via PubMed.gov), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews for systematic reviews or controlled trials. We also searched ClinicalTrials.gov for ongoing studies. We assessed risk of bias and extracted data on health outcomes, surrogate outcomes, usability, sustainability, cost-effectiveness outcomes (quantifying the tradeoffs between health effects and cost), process outcomes, and other characteristics related to PGHD technologies. For isolated effects on health outcomes, we classified the results in one of four categories: (1) likely no effect, (2) unclear, (3) possible positive effect, or (4) likely positive effect. When we categorized the data as “unclear” based solely on health outcomes, we then examined and classified surrogate outcomes for that particular clinical condition. Findings. We identified 114 unique studies that met inclusion criteria. The largest number of studies addressed patients with hypertension (51 studies) and obesity (43 studies). Eighty-four trials used a single PGHD device, 23 used 2 PGHD devices, and the other 7 used 3 or more PGHD devices. Pedometers, blood pressure (BP) monitors, and scales were commonly used in the same studies. Overall, we found a “possible positive effect” of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for coronary artery disease, heart failure, and asthma. For obesity, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (body mass index/weight) as likely no effect. For hypertension, we rated the health outcomes as unclear, and the surrogate outcomes (systolic BP/diastolic BP) as possible positive effect. For cardiac arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities we rated the health outcomes as unclear and the surrogate outcome (time to arrhythmia detection) as likely positive effect. The findings were “unclear” regarding PGHD interventions for diabetes prevention, sleep apnea, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Most studies did not report harms related to PGHD interventions; the relatively few harms reported were minor and transient, with event rates usually comparable to harms in the control groups. Few studies reported cost-effectiveness analyses, and only for PGHD interventions for hypertension, coronary artery disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; the findings were variable across different chronic conditions and devices. Patient adherence to PGHD interventions was highly variable across studies, but patient acceptance/satisfaction and usability was generally fair to good. However, device engineers independently evaluated consumer wearable and handheld BP monitors and considered the user experience to be poor, while their assessment of smartphone-based electrocardiogram monitors found the user experience to be good. Student volunteers involved in device usability testing of the Weight Watchers Online app found it well-designed and relatively easy to use. Implications. Multiple randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated some PGHD technologies (e.g., pedometers, scales, BP monitors), particularly for obesity and hypertension, but health outcomes were generally underreported. We found evidence suggesting a possible positive effect of PGHD interventions on health outcomes for four chronic conditions. Lack of reporting of health outcomes and insufficient statistical power to assess these outcomes were the main reasons for “unclear” ratings. The majority of studies on PGHD technologies still focus on non-health-related outcomes. Future RCTs should focus on measurement of health outcomes. Furthermore, future RCTs should be designed to isolate the effect of the PGHD intervention from other components in a multicomponent intervention.
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Lumpkin, Shamsie, Isaac Parrish, Austin Terrell, and Dwayne Accardo. Pain Control: Opioid vs. Nonopioid Analgesia During the Immediate Postoperative Period. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/con.dnp.2021.0008.

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Background Opioid analgesia has become the mainstay for acute pain management in the postoperative setting. However, the use of opioid medications comes with significant risks and side effects. Due to increasing numbers of prescriptions to those with chronic pain, opioid medications have become more expensive while becoming less effective due to the buildup of patient tolerance. The idea of opioid-free analgesic techniques has rarely been breached in many hospitals. Emerging research has shown that opioid-sparing approaches have resulted in lower reported pain scores across the board, as well as significant cost reductions to hospitals and insurance agencies. In addition to providing adequate pain relief, the predicted cost burden of an opioid-free or opioid-sparing approach is significantly less than traditional methods. Methods The following groups were considered in our inclusion criteria: those who speak the English language, all races and ethnicities, male or female, home medications, those who are at least 18 years of age and able to provide written informed consent, those undergoing inpatient or same-day surgical procedures. In addition, our scoping review includes the following exclusion criteria: those who are non-English speaking, those who are less than 18 years of age, those who are not undergoing surgical procedures while admitted, those who are unable to provide numeric pain score due to clinical status, those who are unable to provide written informed consent, and those who decline participation in the study. Data was extracted by one reviewer and verified by the remaining two group members. Extraction was divided as equally as possible among the 11 listed references. Discrepancies in data extraction were discussed between the article reviewer, project editor, and group leader. Results We identified nine primary sources addressing the use of ketamine as an alternative to opioid analgesia and post-operative pain control. Our findings indicate a positive correlation between perioperative ketamine administration and postoperative pain control. While this information provides insight on opioid-free analgesia, it also revealed the limited amount of research conducted in this area of practice. The strategies for several of the clinical trials limited ketamine administration to a small niche of patients. The included studies provided evidence for lower pain scores, reductions in opioid consumption, and better patient outcomes. Implications for Nursing Practice Based on the results of the studies’ randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses, the effects of ketamine are shown as an adequate analgesic alternative to opioids postoperatively. The cited resources showed that ketamine can be used as a sole agent, or combined effectively with reduced doses of opioids for multimodal therapy. There were noted limitations in some of the research articles. Not all of the cited studies were able to include definitive evidence of proper blinding techniques or randomization methods. Small sample sizes and the inclusion of specific patient populations identified within several of the studies can skew data in one direction or another; therefore, significant clinical results cannot be generalized to patient populations across the board.
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Study of the prevalence of chronic, non-specific lung disease and related health problems in the grain handling industry. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, October 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshpub86117.

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