Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Non-conformes'
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Zaim, Yassine. "Approximation par éléments finis conformes et non conformes enrichis." Thesis, Pau, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PAUU3001/document.
Full textThe enrichment of standard finite elements is a powerful tool to improve the quality of approximation. The main idea of this approach is to incorporate some additional functions on the set of basis functions. These latter are requested to improve the accuracy of the approximate solution. Their best choice is crucial and is based on the knowledge of some a priori information, such as the characteristics of the solution, the geometry of the problem to be solved, etc. The efficiency of such an approach for finding numerical solutions of partial differential equations using a fixed mesh, without recourse to refinement, was proved in numerous applications in the literature. However, the key to its success lies mainly on the best choice of the basis functions, and more particularly those of enrichment functions.An important question then arises: How to suitably choose them, in such a way that they generate a well-defined finite element ?In this thesis, we present a general approach that enables an enrichment of the finite element approximation. This was the subject of our first contribution, which was devoted to the enrichment of the classical Q_1 element, as a first step. As a second step, in our second contribution, we have developed a more general framework for enriching any finite element either P_k, Q_k or others, conforming or nonconforming. As an illustration of how to use this framework to build new enriched finite elements, we have introduced the extensions of some well-known nonconforming finite elements, notably, Han element, Rannacher-Turek element and Wilson element, which are now part of the main code of finite element methods. To establish these extensions, we have introduced a new family of multivariate versions of the classical trapezoidal, midpoint and Simpson rules. These latter, in addition to their numerical tests under MATLAB, version R2016a, have been the subject of our third contribution. They may be viewed as an extension of the well-known trapezoidal, midpoint and Simpson’s one-dimensional rules to higher dimensions. We particularly pay attention to the explicit expressions of the best possible constants appearing in the error estimates for these cubatute formulas. Finally, in the fourth contribution we apply our approach to numerically solving the linear elasticity problem based on a rectangular mesh. We carry out the numerical analysis of the approximation error and also for the consistency error, and show how the latter can be established to any order. This constitutes a generalization of some work already done in the field. In addition to our theoretical results, we have also made some numerical tests, which were achieved by using the GetFEM++ library, version 5.0. The aim of this contribution was not only to confirm our theoretical predictions, but also to show how the new developed framework allows us to expand the range of choices of enrichment functions. Furthermore, we have shown how this wide choices range can help us to improve some approximation properties and to get the optimal solutions for the particular problem of elasticity
Dubail, Jerome. "Conditions aux bords dans des theories conformes non unitaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555624.
Full textLemaire, Simon. "Discrétisations non-conformes d'un modèle poromécanique sur maillages généraux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957292.
Full textDubail, Jérôme. "Conditions aux bords dans des théories conformes non unitaires." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112192.
Full textLn this thesis, we are interested in sorne statistical field theories in two dimensions, with non-local degrees of freedom. For example, polymers in a good solvant are described by such theories. One can try to turn these theories into local ones, but the price to pay is that we get negative or even complex Boltzmann weights: these theories are then non-unitary. We are interested in surface effects, and in finding out which boundary conditions are compatible with conformal invariance in these theories. Our strategy does not involve an axiomatic approach, but rather relies on concrete lattice models which have an interesting scaling limit. Ln these models, the configurations of the model are given in terms of geometrical objects that are non-local. Our results can be reformulated in the context of the (stochastic) Schramm-Loewner Evolution (SLE), which gives a description of these objects directly in the scaling limit. Ln sorne cases, the models we study can be considered as toy-models for logarithmic theories. Indeed, it should be easier to understand the algebraic structure which underlies a particular theory in the boundary case, because in the bulk theory the actions of the chiral and anti-chiral algebras are mixed. For example, it must be possible to extract universal parameters which caracterize the indecomposability of representations of the Virasoro algebra. Sorne other results in this thesis can be used to compute sorne universal quantities which appear at quantum critical points of 1+1D systems (e. G. Gapless spin chains), such as entanglement entropies or fidlities, in particular in finite-size systems
Samaké, Abdoulaye. "Méthodes non-conformes de décomposition de domaine à grande échelle." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENM066/document.
Full textThis thesis investigates domain decomposition methods, commonly classified as either overlapping Schwarz methods or iterative substructuring methods relying on nonoverlapping subdomains. We mainly focus on the mortar finite element method, a nonconforming approach of substructuring method involving weak continuity constraints on the approximation space. We introduce a finiteelement framework for the design and the analysis of the substructuring preconditioners for an efficient solution of the linear system arising from such a discretization method. Particular consideration is given to the construction of the coarse grid preconditioner, specifically the main variantproposed in this work, using a Discontinuous Galerkin interior penalty method as coarse problem. Other domain decomposition methods, such as Schwarz methods and the so-called three-field method are surveyed with the purpose of establishing a generic teaching and research programming environment for a wide range of these methods. We develop an advanced computational framework dedicated to the parallel implementation of numerical methods and preconditioners introduced in this thesis. The efficiency and the scalability of the preconditioners, and the performance of parallel algorithms are illustrated by numerical experiments performed on large scale parallel architectures
Di, Pietro Daniele Antonio. "Méthodes non conformes pour des équations aux dérivées partielles avec diffusion." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550230.
Full textSaas, Laurent. "Décomposition de domaine et schémas volumes finis sur maillages non-conformes." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066493.
Full textJego, Charles. "Theories des champs conformes non rationnelles et applications a la theorie des cordes." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002591.
Full textJego, Charles. "Théories des champs conformes non rationnelles et applications à la théorie des cordes." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPXX0012.
Full textEl, Alaoui Lakhnati Linda. "Analyse d'erreur a priori et a posteriori pour des méthodes d'éléments finis mixtes non-conformes." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001267.
Full textOng, Thanh Hai. "Schémas volumes finis pour des opérateurs de diffusion anisotropes hétérogènes sur des maillages non-conformes." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00794875.
Full textTrouvé, Pascal. "Analyse de quelques méthodes non conformes d'éléments finis pour l'approximation des problèmes de coques minces." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37618983h.
Full textOuld, Dellahy Maloum Isselmou. "Reconstruction de surfaces gauches à partir de données non structurées : paramétrisation par des transformations conformes." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10233.
Full textEl, Alaoui Lakhnati Linda. "Analyse d'esrreur a priori et a posteriori pour des méthodes d'éléments finis mixtes non-conformes." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2005. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001267.
Full textTrouvé, Pascal. "Analyse de quelques méthodes non conformes d'éléments finis pour l'approximation des problèmes de coques minces." Paris 6, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA066576.
Full textAnsanay-Alex, Guillaume. "Un schéma éléments finis non-conformes / volumes finis pour l'approximation en maillages non-structurés des écoulements à faible nombre de Mach." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00483598.
Full textLacour, Catherine. "Analyse et résolution numérique de méthodes de sous-domaines non conformes pour des problèmes de plaques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369578.
Full textRome, Christophe. "Une méthode de raccordement de maillages non-conformes pour la résolution des équations de Navier-Stokes." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00126917.
Full textobtenus montrent la faisabilité et le bien-fondé de l'approche proposée.
Lacour, Catherine. "Analyse et resolution numerique de methodes de sous-domaines non conformes pour des problemes de plaques." Paris 6, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA066108.
Full textRomé, Christophe. "Une méthode de raccordement de maillages non-conformes pour la résolution des équations de Navier-Stokes." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13175.
Full textCanouet, Nicolas. "Méthode de Galerkin discontinu pour la résolution du système Maxwell sur des maillages localement raffinés non-conformes." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENPC0009.
Full textChen, Chi-Wei. "Etude physico-chimique des possibilités de valorisation des sables argileux non conformes dans des mélanges bitumineux routiers." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1004/document.
Full textSiliceous fines (clays) in fine aggregates used for AC pavement stimulate the moisture entering the bitumen-aggregates interface in AC mixture and create channels for water penetration. MB adsorption for qualifying fine aggregates is in accordance with the layer charge and the accessibility of consisted mineralogy in fine aggregates. However, the correlation between MB qualification for fine aggregates and fine aggregates triggering moisture susceptibility of AC mixture has not ever been addressed; moreover, the questions from MB adsorption still remain to be solved. In order to evaluate the stripping and to clarify MB adsorption on fine aggregates from a mineralogical perspective, the most common clays in natural aggregates, kaolinite, illite and montmorillonite, were extracted from their clay rocks, and used to prepare thin clay film, artificial fine aggregates and asphalt concrete mixtures consist of artificial fine aggregates. Moreover, the 5 blinded fine aggregates received from quarries without any given information were applied as the blinded experiments to confirm the practicability with mineralogical diversity. The mineralogical analysis was identifying and quantifying the mineral phases in extracted clay and fine aggregates by using X-Ray diffraction, and the quantitative results were judged by complementary test. MB adsorption was studied using drop method, UV-Photometer method and cation exchange capacity from clays and aggregates. Water-bitumen-clay interaction was studied using the sessile drop and the Oliensis spot tests on those thin clay films. The water intrusion routes in AC mixture was investigated immersing AC mixture in solution with chemical probe, whereas Duriez tests allowed measuring the moisture susceptibility of AC mixtures containing varied clay mineralogy in fine aggregates. The results show that clay mineralogy is in relation to water-bitumen-clay interaction, and it is agreed by moisture susceptibility of AC mixture indicated by Duriez test. With the dispersive nature bitumen used in this study, cohesive failure is in the light of kaolinite-AC mixture in the presence of water, whereas swelling property is responsible for the stripping in illite- and montmorillonite- AC mixture. In order to exclude the physical interferences on MB adsorption, the vale of 100% of MB adsorption on fine aggregates referred to CEC value is necessary to apply, and MB value measured from drop method efficiently excludes the significant impacts from layer charge, pH value and exchangeable cations. Although MB adsorption is in relation to clay mineralogy, this test does not sufficiently indicate the stripping of AC mixture occurred by clay in fine aggregates. There are still rooms to use the non-qualified fine aggregates for the use of AC pavement. As Rietveld method from X-Ray diffraction derives the most reasonable quantitative results, the X-Ray powder diffraction and the X-Ray orientated EG treated K-saturated clay diffraction are proposed for analyzing clay mineralogy and its swelling property for judging the use of non-qualified fine aggregates for AC mixture.MB2 and Duriez0.8 surfaces can be established on clay mineralogical map since we discovered MB adsorption and moisture susceptibility are related to clay mineralogy in fine aggregates. The fine aggregates which is not qualified by MB adsorption is going to confirm the possibility for the use of AC pavement by the mineralogical analysis through X-Ray diffraction. By adopting the quantitative results of clay on mineralogical map with Duriez0.8 surface and the swelling property of clays in fine aggregates, the use of fine aggregates for AC pavement can be properly judged according to water-bitumen-aggregates interaction and stripping which has been proved in this study
Canouet, Nicolas. "Méthodes de Galerkin Discontinu pour la résolution du système de Maxwell sur des maillages localement raffinés non-conformes." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000555.
Full textFortier, Christophe. "Allographies : Analyse linguistique des transcriptions non-conformes à la norme dans l’écrit des apprenants en début de C.E.1." Paris 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA030058.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to identify and to analyse the various procedures involved in the activity of writing by french mother tongue’s children starting the second year of primary school, and uses for specific linguistic object the written word. After a summary of the history of the writing allowing us to raise relationships between phylogenesis and ontogenesis, we will propose a useful multi-field approach to understanding the basics of our work by exploring fields of knowledge such as physiology, psychology, cognition and acquiring. From two corpus (one made up of texts written by the children without any help and a second made up of recordings during metagraphics workshops), we will propose an analysis of the different procedures used by children to produce and manage the borders of the graphic word. We will make a linguistic analysis of the allographies to explain how they take an active part in the development of the acquiring. To complete this work we will suggest improvements in didactic for the fundamental learnings of literacy. For this thesis we have created special words to define the different transcriptions in non conformity with standard : The adgraphy joins in one graphic unit, two items normally dissociated [ jarive]. The disgraphy separates a conventional single element in different graphic elements [mon ter] The dupligraphy repeats at the beginning of a second unit the end of the first unit [ mon nami] The transgraphy : the final part of a graphic term is moved at the initial of the following written form [ lé senfants ]The term used to qualify the whole transcriptions in non conformity with the written standard is Allography in reference to the greek Allos : other – different
DJADEL, Karim. "Méthodes de Volumes Finis et Singularités." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010772.
Full textMendes, Ana Lubélia da Rocha. "Produtos não conformes em obras de construção." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/12221.
Full textAssila, Rachid. "Résolution d'un problème de plasticité dans ℝ³ : calcul de la charge limite par éléments finis P₁ non conformes à divergence nulle." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112359.
Full textThe main of this thesis is to study numerically the safe load which can be given to 3 dimensional elastoplastic structure governed by the Hencky’s law under Von-Mises criterion of plasticity. In the first part, we discretize the limit analysis problem by the non-conform P1 finite elements. We study convergence of continuous problem to the descried problem. In using a base for these P1 elements where each one of which is divergence free and lies a affine subspace which realizes all the conditions on the deformations by which. We give the resolution algorithms for the problem: direct and conjugate. In the second part, we discretize the deformation problem by conform element, we give the algorithms which permit as it obtain the displacement as a infinimum curve in function of the load and we show the numerical advantage in the mechanical point view of calculation of safe load
Le, Bras Sophie. "Modélisation de paroi et traitement aux interfaces des maillages non-conformes pour les simulations aéroacoustiques avec une approche numérique d'ordre élevé." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC008/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to the development of numerical methods to predict jet noise using Large-Eddy Simulation (LES). The LES approach used in this work relies on high-order low-dissipation and low-dispersion implicit finite-volume schemes for spatial discretization. It allows the direct calculation of acoustic sources in turbulent flows and the propagation of sound waves with accuracy. Two numerical methods are developed in order to facilitate the LES computations. The first method focuses on using wall modeling in the near-wall regions instead of resolving the boundary layers. An analytical wall model is combined with the high-order schemes for spatial discretization. A specific spatial discretization, based on a ghost cell reconstruction, is proposed near the walls. Its performance is assessed by performing the LES of a turbulent channel flow at a Mach number of 0.2 and a friction Reynolds number of 2,000, and the LES of an isothermal subsonic round jet at a Mach number of 0.6 and a Reynolds number based on the jet diameter of 570,000. The aerodynamic and the acoustic properties of the flows are in agreement with the direct numerical simulation data and the experimental results of the literature. The second method deals with the development of a treatment at the non-conforming grid interfaces. Non-conforming grids involve discontinuous block interfaces, allowing the use of simplified meshes for the computations. The proposed treatment ensures the compatibility between the spatial discretization schemes and non-conforming meshes. Particular attention is paid to meet the accuracy requirements imposed in computational aeroacoustics. This treatment relies on meshless interpolations. Its validity is evaluated by simulating a vortex convection and a mixing layer development in two dimensions. The results show that the treatment does not produce significant spurious numerical waves nor disturb the flow development near the grid interfaces
Durochat, Clément. "Méthode de type Galerkin discontinu en maillages multi-éléments (et non-conformes) pour la résolution numérique des équations de Maxwell instationnaires." Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4005.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the study of a Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain method (DGTD), for the numerical resolution of the unsteady Maxwell equations on hybrid tetrahedral/hexahedral in 3D (triangular/quadrangular in 2D) and non-conforming meshes, denoted by DGTD-PpQk method. Like in several studies on various hybrid time domain methods (such as a combination of Finite Volume with Finite Difference methods, or Finite Element with Finite Difference, etc.), our general objective is to mesh objects with complex geometry by tetrahedra for high precision and mesh the surrounding space by square elements for simplicity and speed. In the discretization scheme of the DGTD method considered here, the electromagnetic field components are approximated by a high order nodal polynomial, using a centered approximation for the surface integrals. Time integration of the associated semi-discrete equations is achieved by a second or fourth order Leap-Frog scheme. After introducing the historical and physical context of Maxwell equations, we present the details of the DGTD-PpQk method. We prove the L2 stability of this method by establishing the conservation of a discrete analog of the electromagnetic energy and a sufficient CFL-like stability condition is exhibited. The theoritical convergence of the scheme is also studied, this leads to a-priori error estimate that takes into account the hybrid nature of the mesh. Afterward, we perform a complete numerical study in 2D (TMz waves), for several test problems, on hybrid and non-conforming meshes, and for homogeneous or heterogeneous media. We do the same for the 3D implementation, with more realistic simulations, for example the propagation in a heterogeneous human head model. We show the consistency between the mathematical and numerical results of this DGTD-PpQk method, and its contribution in terms of accuracy and CPU time
Ong, Thanh Hai. "Finite volume schemes for anisotropic and heterogeneous diffusion operators on non-conforming meshes." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1097/document.
Full textWe present a new scheme for the discretization of heterogeneous anisotropic diffusion problems on general meshes. With light assumptions, we show that the algorithm can be written as a cell-centered scheme with a small stencil and that it is convergent for discontinuous tensors. The key point of the proof consists in showing both the strong and the weak consistency of the method. Besides, we study non-linear corrections to correct the FECC scheme, in order to satisfy the discrete maximum principle (DMP).The efficiency of the scheme is demonstrated through numerical tests of the 5th & 6th International Symposium on Finite Volumes for Complex Applications - FVCA 5 & 6. Moreover, the comparison with classical finite volume schemes emphasizes the precision of the method. We also show the good behaviour of the algorithm for nonconforming meshes. In addition, we give some numerical tests to check the existence for the non-linear FECC schemes
Fahs, Hassan. "Méthodes de type Galerkin discontinu d'ordre élevé pour la résolution numérique des équations de Maxwell instationnaires sur des maillages simplexes non-conformes." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00359874.
Full textAfin d'améliorer la précision et la vitesse de convergence des méthodes GDDT précédentes, on étudie une famille de schémas saute-mouton d'ordre
arbitrairement élevé. Ces schémas temporels nous assurent sur tout maillage la conservation d'un équivalent discret de l'énergie électromagnétique ainsi que la stabilité des méthodes GDDT résultantes sous une condition de type CFL. On réalise aussi une étude de convergence /hp a priori/ ainsi qu'une étude de convergence de l'erreur sur la divergence. Des expériences numériques montrent que pour un maillage donné, le schéma saute-mouton du quatrième ordre est moins coûteux en temps de calcul et plus précis que le schéma saute-mouton du second ordre, en dépit d'une complexité arithmétique accrue.
De plus, on obtient une convergence exponentielle avec le schéma saute-mouton du quatrième ordre.
Radhoui, Mehdi Rezg Nidhal. "Analyse des performances de systèmes de production sujets à des défaillances aléatoires et pouvant engendrer des produits non conformes dans l'environnement incertain." Metz : Université de Metz, 2008. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2008/Radhoui.Mehdi.SMZ0838.pdf.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Notes bibliogr.
Radhoui, Mehdi. "Analyse des performances de systèmes de production sujets à des défaillances aléatoires et pouvant engendrer des produits non conformes dans un environnement incertain." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ038S/document.
Full textWe treat in this thesis the integration problem between the various components of the industrial magnagement which are maintenance (preventive maintenance, corrective maintenance, etc...), production (quantities to produce, stockpile size, etc...) And quality (rejection rate, non-compliances, etc...). To develop such integrated models production-maintenance -Quality, two complementary approaches are adopted, the first is based on mathematical modelling and the second one uses simulation. As a first step, we propose to solve malthematically the problem od dimensioning the size to be produced for a production system that can randomly move to an out of control statue and produce non-conforming units. The system is subjected to an age preventive maintenance policy. Once the transistiion to the state out of control is detected , a restouration of the system is planned for L time units later. A mathematical model was developed to determine the quantity Q of economic production and the age T for preventive maintenance. In a second step, we have developed a joint policy of preventive maintenance and quality control for a production system that can generate conforming and nonconforming units. For the modelling of these strategies, we used two different approaches : the first uses only analytical tool and the second uses the analytical tools and simulation. Each of the strategies proposed is based on a predictive maintenance policy. According to the rate of nonconforming units generared by the machine, one decides on the modelling of these strategies, suppose thar after having undergonemaintenance actions ( preventive maintenance or revivsion), the systeme returned to its original condition (AS GOOD AS NEW), In another approach based on simulation, we propose to relax this assumption and assume that the system returned to its original state only after the overhaul actions. After having undergone the preventive maintenance actions, the systems is in a state between i its initial state just before the stop (between AS GOOD AS NEW and AS BAD AS OLD)
Soualem, Nadir. "Estimateurs d'erreur a posteriori pour des problèmes dynamiques." Phd thesis, Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambresis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00156845.
Full textdans R^d, d=2,3 via une méthode d'éléments finis non conformes en espace et un schéma d'Euler implicite en temps. Pour cette discrétisation, on élabore un indicateur d'erreur résiduel spatial basé sur les sauts des dérivées normales et tangentielles de notre approximation, ainsi qu'un indicateur résiduel temporel basé sur le saut du gradient à chaque pas de temps. Les bornes inférieures et supérieures de la norme de l'erreur forment les résultats principaux de cette étude. En outre, on montre que ces estimateurs sont fiables et efficaces. Dans une seconde partie, on traite le problème de Stokes dynamique. L'élaboration des estimateurs a posteriori est également basée sur des estimateurs spatiaux et temporels. Une preuve de leur fiabilité et de leur efficacité est donnée. Finalement, les tests numériques et un algorithme adaptatif confirment les prévisions théoriques et le bon comportement de ces estimateurs.
Peixoto, Andreia de Andrade Baptista. "O Erro na Fase Pré-Analítica: Amostras Não Conformes versus Procedimentos." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11465.
Full textBen, Belgacem Faker. "Discrétisations 3D non conformes par la méthode de décomposition de domaine des éléments avec joints : analyse mathématique et mise en oeuvre pour le problème de Poisson." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066018.
Full textEpstein, Muriel. "Parcours scolaire et trajectoires non conformes, quelle part pour l’effet-établissement ? : Une étude de parcours jeunes de 16 à 25 ans dans des établissements traditionnels et alternatifs." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100125.
Full textFor this research I interviewed students aged 16 to 25 years in traditional and alternative educational establishments over the course of two years. The first section describes further education and considers the link between leaving school and delinquency. Having followed the "dropouts" in real time, the research aims to understand them qualitatively and pays particular attention to “the invisibles" who drop out quietly without generating concern, sometimes rightly so because their interests lie outside of school. Since being a “bad student” is often linked to being a “delinquent”, I describe the schooling of “good students” who have committed offences and vice versa. The second part studies different schools and their respective social controls and 'behavourial norms'. The effect of being in one school or another is still minimal but will grow with new policies that are increasing the autonomy of schools. This study aims to highlight what distinguishes one school from another in terms of management, internal rules, sanctions and the organization of discipline and supervision. It concludes that where a school creates norms and standards, these are also the creations of the students themselves and they impact on students' careers. The other major institutional effect is related to the internal segregation it produces, beyond external segregation. Finally the conclusion looks at the results in the context of the evolving political and demographic landscape and suggests further areas of research
Hoang, Thi Quynh Van. "MAILLAGE CARTESIEN NON-CONFORME POUR LA METHODE TLM. APPLICATION A LA CONCEPTION DE RECTENNAS COMPACTES." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789574.
Full textTunc, Xavier. "La modélisation des failles conductrices pour les écoulements en milieux poreux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4809/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we are interested in the modelisation of fluid flow along conductive faults. This model, so-called double interface model tackles two majors difficulties encountered when modelising faults. First of all, the use of an interface model, in which the faults are represented by lower dimension elements allows to treat the problem of space scale. Then, the use of two interfaces to modelise each fault allows to handle quite naturally the non-matching grid problem arising from this kind of problem. The question of non-planar fault and fault networks is also addressed. This model is then validated on several academic test cases and a synthetic case inspire by CO2 storage is also performed. Finally, a theoric study is also conducted in order to validate our approach
Dupic, Thomas. "Application des théories conformes étendues à des problèmes de physique statistique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS260.
Full textThe study of critical phenomena in two-dimensional statistical physics is mainly performed with the help of conformal field theory and integrable models. The relationship between these two formalisms is an active field of research, particularly in the framework of the so-called non-rational theories. This thesis is focused on certain critical systems described by an extended conformal theory : a theory that presents additional symmetries. The first problem studied is the fully packed loop model (FPL). Loop models are non-local statistical models based on the description of assembly of polymers. In particular, they represent the interfaces formed by spin models. The FPL model is integrable and its spectrum reflects an underlying symmetry Uq(sl(3)). The link between this model and the W3 symmetry, a conformal symmetry extended by a three-dimensional field, is studied in detail, numerically (by exact diagonalization) and analytically. The relationship with loop models leads to the study of the non-scalar operator content of the W3 theory. The second problem concerns the calculation of entanglement in unidimensional quantum systems. In this context, the preferred object of study is the entropy of entanglement between a subsystem and its complement. For the fundamental state of a spin chain, the behaviour of this entropy as a function of the size of the subsystem is a clear marker of the criticality of the chain. In this manuscript, a new way of calculating these entropies in critical models is presented. It is based on conformal theories extended by a symmetry called orbifold. This method is particularly applicable to entropies of excited states or disjointed subsystems
Delcourte, Sarah. "DEVELOPPEMENT DE METHODES DE VOLUMES FINIS POUR LA MECANIQUE DES FLUIDES." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00200833.
Full textGiret, Léandre. "Numerical Analysis of a Non-Conforming Domain Decomposition for the Multigroup SPN Equations." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLY007/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we investigate the resolution of the SPN neutron transport equations in pressurized water nuclear reactor. These equations are a generalized eigenvalue problem. In our study, we first considerate the associated source problem and after we concentrate on the eigenvalue problem. A nuclear reactor core is composed of different media: the fuel, the coolant, the neutron moderator... Due to these heterogeneities of the geometry, the solution flux can have a low-regularity. We propose the numerical analysis of its approximation with finite element method for the low regular case. For the eigenvalue problem under its mixed form, we can not rely on the theories already developed. We propose here a new method for studying the convergence of the SPN neutron transport eigenvalue problem approximation with mixed finite element. When the solution has low-regularity, increasing the order of the method does not improve the approximation, the triangulation need to be refined near the singularities of the solution. Nuclear reactor cores are well-suited for Cartesian grids, but the refinement of these sort of triangulations increases rapidly their number of degrees of freedom. To avoid this drawback, we propose domain decomposition method which can handle globally non-conforming triangulations
Laurent, Jean-Baptiste. "Raffinements locaux auto-adaptatifs dans une méthode Galerkin discontinu pour la résolution des équations de Maxwell." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2012/.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to study some keypoints in order to propose a self-adaptive refinement method for the numerical resolution of time-domain Maxwell's equations with a discontinuous Galerkin scheme. We first put into light numerically an instability phenomenon due to the interpolation operator taking account for the modification of the approximation space from one step to another. This is explained in the 1D case. Then, a new operator is proposed and shown to retrieve asymptotically consistency and stability for the scheme. This has thus been extended to the 3D case. Second part of this work deals with non-conformity on mesh (in the finite element sense) or non-uniform polynomial order applied to the discontinuous Galerkin scheme. To avoid spurious waves that can be excited in such case, we aim at recover the solution from a conformal space. This is done by creating a cleaning operator that allows us to keep the benefits of our original scheme. Explicitation of this operator is given on the 2D Transverse Magnetic Maxwell's equations. Finally, the last part implements and analyses a self-adaptive refinement strategy in the 1D case, to draw conclusions in the future 3D application
Mounier, Marie. "Résolution des équations de Maxwell-Vlasov sur maillage cartésien non conforme 2D par un solveur Galerkin discontinu." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAD028/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of a numerical method to simulate a plasma. We consider a set of particles whose displacement is governed by the Vlasov equation and which creates an electromagnetic field thanks to Maxwell equations. The numerical resolution of the Vlasov-Maxwell system is performed by a Particle In Cell (PIC) method. The resolution of Maxwell equations needs a sufficiently fine mesh to correctly simulate the multi scaled problems that we have to face. Yet, a uniform fine mesh of the whole domain has a prohibitive cost. The novelty of this thesis is a PIC solver on locally refined Cartesian meshes : non conforming meshes, to guarantee the good modeling of the physical phenomena and to avoid too large CPU time. We use the Discontinuous Galerkin in Time Domain (DGTD) method which has the advantage of a great flexibility in the choice of the mesh and which is a high order method. A fundamental point in the study of PIC solvers is the respect of the charge conserving law. We propose two approaches to tackle this point. The first one deals with augmented Maxwell systems, that we have adapted to non conforming meshes. The second one deals with an original method of preprocessing of the calculation of the current source term
Joie, Julie. "Simulation numérique des écoulements de liquides polymères." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00546708.
Full textCartailler, Jérôme. "Asymptotic of Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations and application to the voltage distribution in cellular micro-domains." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066297/document.
Full textIn this PhD I study how electro-diffusion within biological micro and nano-domains is affected by their shapes using the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) partial differential equations. I consider non-trivial shapes such as domains with cusp and ellipses. Our goal is to develop models, as well as mathematical tools, to study the electrical properties of micro and nano-domains, to understand better how electrical neuronal signaling is regulated at those scales. In the first part I estimate the steady-state voltage inside an electrolyte confined in a bounded domain, within which we assume an excess of positive charge. I show the mean first passage time in a charged ball depends on the surface and not on the volume. I further study a geometry composed of a ball with an attached cusp-shaped domain. I construct an asymptotic solution for the voltage in 2D and 3D and I show that to leading order expressions for the voltage in 2D and 3D are identical. Finally, I obtain similar conclusion considering an elliptical-shaped domain for which I construct an asymptotic solution for the voltage in 2D and 3D. In the second part, I model the electrical compartmentalization in dendritic spines. Based on numerical simulations, I show how spines non-cylindrical geometry leads to concentration polarization effects. I then compare my model to experimental data of microscopy imaging. I develop a deconvolution method to recover the fast voltage dynamic from the data. I estimate the neck resistance, and we found that, contrary to Ohm's law, the spine neck resistance can be inversely proportional to its radius
Devigne, Vincent. "Ecoulements et conditions aux limites particulières appliquées en hydrogéologie et théorie mathématique des processus de dissolution/précipitation en milieux poreux." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00132036.
Full textproblèmes de nature phénoménologique nombreux conduisent bien souvent à
l'étude des Équations aux Dérivées Partielles (EDP's) au travers des non
moins nombreux modèles qui en découlent.
Si chaque phénomène physique, mécanique, chimique ou autres pris
indépendamment et à une échelle suffisamment fine est aujourd'hui bien
compris et relativement aisé à modéliser il n'en est pas de même pour les
problèmes multiphysiques, physico-chimique, les écoulements au voisinage de
domaines de structures différentes ou même dans l'appréhension de ces
phénomènes à des échelles plus grandes méso et macroscopique.
La compréhension des conditions aux limites et leur modélisation reste une
étape clef dans l'étude de ces phénomènes naturels.
Nous verrons au travers du (dé)couplage de problèmes multi-domaines par les
lois de paroi (Navier, Beavers et Joseph), des processus chimiques (Modèle de
Duijn-Knabner) ou la dispersion de Taylor comment il est possible de résoudre
numériquement et en partie ces difficultés par des techniques d'analyse
mathématique récentes (homogénéisation, raisonnement multi-échelles et
développements asymptotiques).
Des résultats de simulations réalisées au moyen d'un logiciel de résolution
d'EDP's baptisé SciFEM (Scilab Finite Element Method) conçu pour les besoins
de la thèse illustreront notre démarche.
Fettah, Amal. "Analyse de modèles en mécanique des fluides compressibles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4755.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the study of problems relating in the theory of compressible flows . We prove the existence of the considered problems in a first part by passing to the limit on the numerical schemes proposed for the discretisation of these problems. In the second part, the existence result is obtained by passing to the limit on the approximate solutions given by a corresponding regularized problem.The main result is to prove the existence of a solution of the stationnary compressible Stokes problem with a general equation of state.We first prove this result by passing to the limit on the numerical scheme as the mesh size tends to zero. The fact to consider a general E.O.S induces some additional difficulties in particular to get estimates on the discrete solution (which comes also from the presence of the gravity in the momentum equation) and in the passage to the limit on the E.O.S.We also prove the existence result by passing to the limit on a regularized problem. We first treat the convection-diffusion problem (which appears in the regularized problem), we give an existence and uniqueness result, and we then prove estimates on the approwimate solutions and pass to the limit on the regularized problem
Soualem, Nadir. "Estimateurs d'erreur à posteriori pour des problèmes dynamiques." Valenciennes, 2007. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/82485382-36d7-4017-9906-07d429bbba57.
Full textIn a first part, we introduce an a posteriori estimator for a nonconforming finite element approximation of the heat equation in R^d, d=2,3, using Backward Euler's scheme. For this discretization, we derive a residual indicator based on the jumps of the normal and tangential derivatives of the nonconforming approximation and a time residual based on the jump of broken gradients at each time step. Lower and upper bounds form the main results. We confirm the efficiency and reliability of these estimators. In a second part, we present an a posteriori estimator for the time dependent Stokes problem in R^d, d=2 or 3 Our analysis covers nonconforming finite element approximation (Crouzeix-Raviart's element). We derive an indicator which uses a spatial and time residual. Numerical experiments confirm the theoretical predictions and show the usefulness of these estimators on adaptive mesh refinement
Capatina, Daniela. "Analyse de méthodes mixtes d'éléments finis en mécanique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647026.
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