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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-confrontational'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 16 July 2025

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Stephens, Lynn. "Taking a non-confrontational approach." BDJ In Practice 35, no. 1 (2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41404-021-0995-x.

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Lee-Potter, Emma. "A non-confrontational approach to behaviour." Headteacher Update 2017, no. 3 (2017): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/htup.2017.3.18.

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Filitov, Alexey. "The Yalta-Potsdam System: Non-Confrontational Alternatives." ISTORIYA 15, no. 12-2 (146) (2024): 0. https://doi.org/10.18254/s207987840033835-7.

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The article elucidates the genesis of Yalta-Potsdam system, its evolution and the possible uses of its premises in the present international environment. The author points out the plurality of the sources which predated the formation of Yalta-Potsdam system — from USA President F. D. Roosevelt’s remarks on “Four Policemen”, ideas expressed by “Times” editor E.-H. Carr and Soviet diplomat M. M. Litvinov to the traditions of “Popular Front” in France. The Allied accords achieved at the summits in Yalta and Potsdam were implemented successfully enough during the short period between the end of war and the onset of the cold war, as the world order based on the existence of the antagonistic military blocs began to take shape — in a clear violation of Yalta-Potsdam principles. Point of no return was a year 1947 with a promulgation of a Marshall Plan. Still, under conditions of the cold war some non-confrontational options both realized and not realized — did emerge. In this context special attention in the article is devoted to the analysis of views on the international issues by the well-known German politician Ego Bahr: while having played a significant role in the process of the detente in 70s, they are worth of considerations in todays’ circumstances as well.

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Liu, Jingjing, and Maria Liria D. Dacanay. "Students’ Flow-experience in the College Physical Education Classroom." International Journal of Education and Humanities 17, no. 1 (2024): 276–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/t5pm1538.

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This study investigated the flow experience of physical education majors, non-physical education students, and students participating in confrontational sports and non-confrontational sports courses in Bozhou University, obtained the flow experience of the investigators, compared them with different investigators, analyzed the differences and related points, and provided suggestions for students to better produce flow experience in physical education courses. The researcher concluded that the Assessment of the PE and non-PE student in their flow experience in physical education is average.

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Stephen, Awoniyi. "Steering Gently: Crowd Management with a Non-Confrontational Philosophy." Design Journal 22, sup1 (2019): 1761–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2019.1594938.

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Hamdan, Hady J., Wael J. Hamdan, Nisreen Naji Al-Khawaldeh, and Othman Khalid Al-Shboul. "Disagreement Strategies in the Discourse of American Speakers of Arabic." Languages 9, no. 7 (2024): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9070243.

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This study attempts to investigate the disagreement strategies that are used by American speakers of Arabic with a view to identifying which disagreement strategies they use in equal and non-equal status situations. In addition, it aims to see whether variables like gender and social status affect the linguistic choices and disagreement strategies that they use. The subjects of the study are 28 (14 male and 14 female) American speakers of Arabic who were learning Arabic and were residing in Jordan at the time of data collection. The researchers analyze their interactional recorded responses to a set of stimuli included in an oral (recorded) discourse completion task (ODCT) prepared for this purpose. The ODCT comprises six scenarios in which the respondent is requested to disagree with two peers, two higher-status interlocutors, and two lower-status interlocutors. The findings of the study show that the American speakers of Arabic use two main disagreement strategies, non-confrontational and confrontational disagreements, which are in turn divided into sub-strategies. Further, they employ the non-confrontational strategies slightly more than the confrontational ones, as the percentage for the former is 51% while for the latter is 49%. Interestingly, the study suggests that the topic of discussion significantly influences the choice of strategy, sometimes resulting in women being more confrontational than men, which contrasts with common perceptions reported in the literature about gender-based communication styles.

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Swierstra, Tsjalling. "Does an Old Art Suffice for New Problems?" Foundations of Science 22, no. 2 (2015): 275–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10699-015-9454-7.

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Abstract In this review I argue that Puech draws on two important currents in modern thought: the criticism of the ontological and social priority of conflict, and the rehabilitation of praxis vis-à-vis theoria. Still, his plea for a non-confrontational art of living leaves important questions unanswered. What is the problem exactly? What does exactly count as (non)confrontational? What is non-confrontation exactly meant to solve? What is the antiposition here? And: how does this new (or rather: old) art of living relate to the political and ethical varieties of Technology Assessment?

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Damayanti, Angel, and Bryan Libertho Karyoprawiro. "Rational Choices in Sino-Indian Border Dispute in Aksai." Intermestic: Journal of International Studies 6, no. 2 (2022): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.24198/intermestic.v6n2.11.

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This study aims to explain the strategies taken by two major countries in the region, China and India, in overcoming border disputes in the Aksai Chin region. By using rational choice theory to explain the behavior of India and China and the reasons why they choose to use non-confrontational strategies. The research methodology used is qualitative with a case study model to analyze the policies of the two countries. The results of the study found that despite different views regarding Aksai Chin, the two countries both built trust and were committed that the border dispute would not affect their bilateral relationship as a whole. India and China have opted for a strategy of optimizing mutual benefits over purely national interests. It can be concluded that the two countries chose to take a non-confrontational policy in the border dispute in Aksai Chin as a rational choice in times of crisis based on the optimal benefits that can be obtained by both countries. Keywords: Aksai Chin, border dispute, India-China, non-confrontational policy, rational choice

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Herron, Meghan E., Frances S. Shofer, and Ilana R. Reisner. "Survey of the use and outcome of confrontational and non-confrontational training methods in client-owned dogs showing undesired behaviors." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 117, no. 1-2 (2009): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2008.12.011.

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Puech, Michel. "A Non-confrontational Art of Living in the Technosphere and Infosphere." Foundations of Science 22, no. 2 (2015): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10699-015-9452-9.

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Krickovic, Andrej, and Chang Zhang. "Fears of Falling Short versus Anxieties of Decline: Explaining Russia and China’s Approach to Status-Seeking." Chinese Journal of International Politics 13, no. 2 (2020): 219–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjip/poaa006.

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Abstract Although recent scholarship has advanced our understanding of status, little attention has been paid to the factors that shape states’ status-seeking behaviour. Consequently, existing theories are unable to explain why Russia has been more aggressive and confrontational in its status-seeking than China. What is missing is a detailed examination of the ways in which status-seekers’ power trajectories affect their status-seeking behaviour. Whether a status-seeker is rising or in decline shapes its propensity to take risks in pursuit of status, its calculations regarding the utility of attaining more status, and its ability to use non-confrontational and non-aggressive status-seeking strategies to induce other states to accord it higher status. Declining powers, such as Russia, engage in aggressive status-seeking to avoid imminent status losses. Decliners need to initiate confrontations with other states to compel them to recognise their status. Risers, such as China, are more cautious and restrained. Recognising that aggressive status-seeking can jeopardise imminent gains, they are conscious of the costs that accompany elevated status. Their admirable successes and growing power, moreover, make other states all the more willing to accord them higher status. Risers, therefore, can enhance their status without resorting to aggressive or confrontational methods.

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Liu, Jingjing. "Students’ Flow-Experience in the College Physical Education Classroom." International Journal of Education and Humanities 17, no. 3 (2024): 29–31. https://doi.org/10.54097/q742hx29.

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In this study, "Flow" described the subjective psychological experience of college students during practice and exercise in physical education classes. So far, the term "flow" had been used to study the psychological state of athletes using Flow theory, making "flow" more suitable than terms like "fascinated" or "immersed," which is why it was employed in this paper. In this study, the "flow experience" related to the teaching of college physical education referred to the state of complete engagement of college students in the classroom, their enjoyment of course learning, and their internal motivation for learning.This study investigated the flow experiences of physical education majors, non-physical education students, and students involved in confrontational and non-confrontational sports courses at Bozhou University. It collected data on students' flow experiences, compared these across different groups, analyzed differences and correlations, and provided recommendations for enhancing flow experiences in physical education courses.

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Yacoub El Hour M’Beirik. "Investigating English as a Foreign Language Classroom Management in the Mauritanian Secondary Schools." Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics 6, no. 4 (2024): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jeltal.2024.6.4.10.

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This research is conducted to investigate the issue of EFL classroom management, aiming at discovering the various types of students’ misbehavior, their reasons, and teachers’ management strategies. In accordance with these objectives, a qualitative method was employed through the use of one-to-one interview technique. The participants were limited to 14 teachers from different secondary schools in Mauritania and 102 students from three secondary schools located in Nouakchott, Boghe and Maata Moulana. The study revealed four types of misbehavior made by students: verbal, non-verbal, confrontational and non-confrontational, and the reasons were summarized as lack of time management, unfriendly relationship, inappropriate instructional methodologies, students’ disengagements in learning, poor learning environment, teachers’ characteristics, students’ low proficiency, affective attitudes, lack of ethics, and overcrowding. To deal with this issue, teachers adopted four coping management strategies: preventive, supportive, corrective and ignoring strategies. These strategies decrease the students’ disruptive behavior and contribute to their focus on achieving better academic results.

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Koziej, Stanislaw. "A non‐confrontational model of military doctrine in the future European security system." Journal of Slavic Military Studies 6, no. 4 (1993): 523–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13518049308430116.

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Ostaszewski, Piotr. "The U. S. – Taiwan and the U. S. – Poland Non-Confrontational Asymmetry: A Comparative Analysis." Studia z Polityki Publicznej, no. 4(12) (October 24, 2016): 227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kszpp.2016.4.10.

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The article concerns the comparison of two cases of non-confrontational asymmetry in international relations: between Taiwan and the United States and between Poland and the United States. The author explores the differences and the common elements of both situations. The outcome provides a background for comparative studies concerning not only the international situation of Taipei and Warsaw, but also an introduction to comparative approaches concerning political developments in Eastern Europe and East Asia.

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Pidgorodynska, Yu I. "APPROACHES TO ENFORCEMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL TREATIES: BETWEEN DETENTION AND CORRECTION." Constitutional State, no. 47 (October 18, 2022): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2411-2054.2022.47.265288.

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In the article approaches to ensuring compliance with international environmental agreements are considered. It is determined that in international law there are two main approaches to ensuring compliance with treaties and the obligations arising from them: facilitative or incentive and coercive, which correspond to non-confrontational and confrontational means of responding to violations. International environmental law gives preference to the facilitative approach since it shows itself more attractive for states that are often afraid of serious sanctions and other negative consequences of non-compliance with treaties. Moreover, the facilitative approach really helps developing states technically and financially to fulfill their obligations under multilateral environmental agreements. The most famous and successful example of them is the Montreal Protocol to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer of 1985. At the same time, a number of treaties are characterized by confrontational measures that are really necessary in the cases of voluntary non-compliance. The example of the latter is the Kyoto Protocol of 1997 to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 1992, which has not proved itself efficient enough. The author emphasizes the need to combine two approaches in developing a procedure for ensuring compliance with international environmental agreements, taking into account the object and purposes of an agreement. On the one hand, it will give the parties more possibilities for voluntary compliance and, on the other hand, will stimulate them to do so by the risk of enforcement. The appropriate combination should be supported by effective means and methods of international verification and be manifested in the functions of compliance bodies. Hopefully the Paris Agreement of 2015 to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change of 1992 will show itself a successful instance of such an approach.

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Koroliova, Valeriia. "Confrontational communicative strategies in dramaturgy: classics vs modernity." Culture of the Word, no. 91 (2019): 104–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/0201-419x-2019.91.9.

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Conflict is the main genre of play and the driving force behind drama. Internal communication of contemporary dramaturgical discourse is to some extent tense and uncomfortable which is motivated by the generic specificity of play and expressed in non-combining of communicative intentions of characters. Conflict strategies are verbalized by conflict, including strategies of manipulation and speech aggression. The strategy of language aggression involves usage of tactics of insult, irony, criticism, mockery, provocation and more. A confrontational manipulation strategy can be expressed in tactics of threat, indignation, rejection, pressure, demands, etc. These tactics are aimed at seizing the communicative space to impose one’s interests on a partner. During a conflict confrontational strategies in contemporary plays are characterized by usage of tactics with a high degree of negativity that, at the conflict peak, transform insult into the goal of communication in itself. The strategy of language aggression involves usage of tactics of insult, irony, criticism, mockery, provocation and more. The purpose of speech aggression tactics is to express a negative assessment of the addressee and to reduce his or her self-esteem. In I. Kotliarevsky’s plays characters using the tactics of insult or reproach make sure to comment explaining to the addressee the reasons for their language aggression. At the same time in modern dramaturgy the image or criticism is largely autonomous. Confrontation is one-sided in the process of language communication. When intensified confrontational stimuli can be both stimulus and response responses. At the same time plays of I. Kotliarevsky lack open confrontation, which exacerbates conflict of a communication situation. Modern plays show a broader and more aggressive range of confrontational tactics as well as more active usage of them. I. Kotliarevsky’s characters often show desire to alleviate the conflict, as soon as possible to get out of the conflict situation, using weakened tactics of confrontation.

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Yang, Cheol-Won, and Dong-Ok Kim. "A Study on the Confrontational Ability to the Crisis of Korean Non-financial Firms." Korean Corporation Management Review 23, no. 5 (2016): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21052/kcmr.2016.23.5.06.

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Jegede, Francis Olabisi, and Olusegun Jegede. "Culture of Silence in Alifa Rifaat's Distant View of a Minaret: Complicity or Complacency?" Journal of College of Language and Communication Arts Education, Lagos State University of Education 1, no. 1 (2023): 48–65. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8278003.

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This paper examines the culture of silence that seizes female characters in the face of oppression and neglect sustained by the Islamic cultural milieu in which the literary production is set. Using <em>Distant View of a Minaret</em>, the study employs a qualitative approach which involves literary text analysis in an attempt to unveil Alifa Rifaat’s complicity in the culture of silence that pervades the North African clime where the stories are based. Through character analysis and reactions to issues of patriarchy which receive little or no resistance, the paper discovers that Rifaat’s approach to the myriads of women oppressions by men is that of non-confrontational and silence.With the author’s conformitywith the status quo ante, attention is further concentrated on the culture of silence as a disposition unequivocally promoted by the author. The paper concludes that Rifaat’s approach is a far cry from the radical feminist dispositions of West, South, East, and Central African literary zones. The paper affirms that the author is complicit in the docility that defines women’s reactions to their oppression in the novel. It was, therefore, suggested that Rifaat’s non-confrontational approach should be theorized and localized within the context of the Islamic religious socio-cultural setting. So doing, it will serve as a starting point in the goal of defining the nature and character of women liberation not only in Egypt but other Islamic socio-cultural climes North of the Sahara.

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Wei Lit, Yew. "Disembedding lawful activism in contemporary China: The confrontational politics of a green NGO’s legal mobilization." China Information 32, no. 2 (2017): 224–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x17744545.

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Recent legal reforms in China, particularly amendments in 2014 to the Environmental Protection Law, have encouraged environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) to embrace legal strategies in their advocacy. However, the wider significance of such strategies remains understudied and underestimated. This article examines one such example in Xiamen, Fujian Province, where an ENGO, incensed by the conversion of walkways into parking spaces, led the first administrative lawsuit in the name of ‘pedestrians’ rights’ (行人路权) in China in early 2015. Based on digital ethnography and participant observation, the case illustrates three salient points: first, legal mobilization is conflict-laden and confrontational; second, depoliticized legal actions belie the development of popular critical consciousness; and third, professional ties have become more instrumental than connections with state officials. The net result is then an embedded activism that evinces disembedding tensions. This questions conventional expectations over Chinese environmental activism, that it is non-confrontational and overdependent on personal relations with local officials. In addition to elucidating the disembedding processes and experiences absent in previous ENGO literature, this exploratory research offers a snapshot of lawful activism among environmentalists, illustrating the wider opportunities and challenges accompanying ‘the turn to law’.

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Stepin, Aleksandr B. "A Legal Conflict in Civil Right Protection Mechanisms." Arbitrazh-civil procedure 4 (April 8, 2021): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-383x-2021-4-8-12.

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The concept of legal conflict is General (cross-sectoral) and at the same time basic in private and public legal mechanisms for the protection of civil rights, along with the issues of choosing the appropriate method of protection, jurisdiction of the dispute, and compliance with the officially established order (procedure). In the context of legal conflict, it is practically significant to study the causes of the conflict, the dynamics of development and the possibility of conflict management. The author assumes that legal conflicts based on legal and individual (contractual, local, judicial) regulation are considered in two forms (types) as unregulated (consensual, non-confrontational) and qualified (law enforcement, confrontational), reflecting the development of legal relations from erroneous actions to tort. Conflicts aimed at restoring the violated (disputed) right allow resolving disputes about the law, the legality of (unfair) actions (inaction), and overcoming the shortcomings of legislation. In this regard, civil-legal and administrative-legal disputes are crucial.

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Fujikura, Ryo. "A Non-confrontational Approach to Socially Responsible Air Pollution Control: The electoral experience of Kitakyushu." Local Environment 6, no. 4 (2001): 469–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549830120091743.

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Balmori de la Miyar, Jose Roberto, Lauren Hoehn-Velasco, and Adan Silverio-Murillo. "Conflict resolution under the COVID-19 pandemic." International Journal of Conflict Management 33, no. 2 (2021): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-05-2021-0075.

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Purpose This paper aims to analyze conflict resolution strategies among individuals who encountered disputes with family, neighbors, workmates, businesses, strangers, government authorities or other members in their communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach Applying a difference-in-difference approach by sex, the authors use a representative panel of adults living in 82 cities from across Mexico to measure changes in antisocial strategies (violence) and prosocial strategies (non-confrontational methods and dialogue) to resolve disputes. Findings During the COVID-19 pandemic, men reduced their use of violence by 19.6% while women did so by 17.4%. There was a parallel rise in non-confrontational strategies used to solve conflicts equal to 73.6% for men and 62% for women. The use of dialogue as a tool for resolving disputes increased by more in cities that banned the sale of alcohol. Alternative Twitter data corroborates the main findings, suggesting that individuals are becoming more prosocial during the pandemic. Originality/value To the knowledge, this is the first empirical study to analyze changes in strategies for conflict resolution as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper contributes to the literature by demonstrating how individuals adapt their dispute strategies under extraordinary circumstances such as a pandemic, with a focus on a middle-income setting.

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Ludsin, Hallie. "Ferreira V The State: A Victory for Women Who Kill Their Abusers in Non-Confrontational Situations." South African Journal on Human Rights 20, no. 4 (2004): 642–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19962126.2004.11865166.

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Siregar, Aisyah Astinadia. "Cultural Da’wah Strategies In Religious Tourism: A Symbolic Interactionist Analysis At The Pilgrimage Site Of Sunan Kalijaga." INJECT (Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication) 10, no. 1 (2025): 471–84. https://doi.org/10.18326/inject.v10i1.4322.

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This study explores cultural da’wah communication practices in religious tourism, specifically at the Sunan Kalijaga pilgrimage site in Demak, Central Java. Using a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and observation, the research investigates how religious messages are conveyed by caretakers and guides to pilgrims. The findings reveal that da’wah is presented through symbolic narratives, traditional rituals, and local cultural expressions, fostering inclusive spiritual experiences. This study highlights religious tourism as a potential medium for non-confrontational and contextual da’wah communication, relevant for diverse audiences.

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Ralston, Joshua. "At the Border of Christian Learning: Islamic Thought and Constructive Christian Theology." Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 76, no. 2 (2022): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00209643221081706.

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For Christian theology to learn from Muslims, it cannot simply cross over into Islamic thought by reading Muslim texts or appropriating Islamic ideas. The Christian theologian must find a way to attend to the history of Christian-Muslim polemics in a non-confrontational fashion that still accounts for disagreement and difference. Many Muslim voices offer profound and challenging questions concerning Christian theology. This essay proposes that Christian theology can engage with Islamic thought as a key resource in the theological quest for a more truthful and just witness to God.

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Cao, Jin, and Lei Guo. "Chinese “Tongzhi” community, civil society, and online activism." Communication and the Public 1, no. 4 (2016): 504–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057047316683199.

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This article discusses how LGBT activists in China employ different ICTs for their causes and the challenges that they face. The discussion is based on a review of relevant studies and some preliminary results from an ethnographic study of an LGBT organization Shen Lan in Tianjian, a major port city in northeastern China. The study suggests that in a heavily regulated political environment, many civil rights organizations such as the Shen Lan group takes a non-confrontational approach in their online and offline advocacy work, demonstrating a type of activism with Chinese characteristics.

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Sekar Ayu, Galuh Anissa. "Navigating The Storm: ASEAN's Strategy Amidst Two Major Powers." Global Political Studies Journal 7, no. 2 (2023): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/gpsjournal.v7i2.10008.

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This study aims to analyze ASEAN's stance and approach, particularly in managing confrontational politics amidst major power competition, this article will also demonstrate ASEAN's attitudes and policies in navigating confrontational politics, including how ASEAN leverages its regional community norms to respond to such competition. Through this exploration, the author seeks to delve into the role and theoretical implications of ASEAN as a regional actor grappling with the management of political competition in the rapidly evolving East Asian and Indo-Pacific regionalism. The author used an impartial enmeshment concept and a descriptive qualitative method. The results showed that the intense geostrategic competition between China and the United States has placed ASEAN in a dilemma. ASEAN strives to maintain its centrality in the region by fostering fair, impartial, and neutral cooperation relationships. ASEAN bases its approach on the norms and principles of the organization, such as transparency, openness, inclusivity, good conflict management, and the importance of sovereignty and non-intervention (ASEAN Way). The ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP) is one policy that reflects ASEAN's efforts to build a new framework of cooperation based on its own rule in the region. However, this Southeast Asia organization faces several challenges that can threaten its position. Keywords— ASEAN, Indo-Pacific, Impartial, Enmeshment, Geostrategies

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Pettinicchio, David, and Robert de Vries. "Immigrant Political Participation in Europe." Comparative Sociology 16, no. 4 (2017): 523–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691330-12341436.

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This paper compares participation in different forms of political action between natives, immigrants and non-citizen immigrants using data from thirteen European countries across six waves of the European Social Survey. The authors highlight problems associated with previous categorizations of political action, and find that when political action is disaggregated and relative participation between groups is examined, that immigrants’ patterns of participation are not substantially different from those of natives. When comparing citizen immigrants to non-citizen immigrants, previous research has suggested that citizenship acts as a “ticket” to non-institutional, unconventional, confrontational forms of political action. The authors’ findings instead suggest a more complicated relationship between immigrant/citizenship status and preferences for political action since citizenship may facilitate participation in both so-called institutional and extra-institutional activities depending on the context of action.

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ȚĂRNĂ, Ecaterina. "Pedagogical tact as a source of development of nonconfrontational attitude and an operating form of morality." Acta et commentationes: Științe ale Educației 34, no. 4 (2023): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36120/2587-3636.v34i4.33-41.

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This article contains ideas about the significance of the pedagogical tact as a source of development of a non-confrontational attitude and as an operating form of morality. We believe that pedagogical tact ensures the stated, because in the constructive resolution of conflicts the use of coercion is to be excluded, thus avoiding confrontations, insults, destructive criticism, increasing the stability of the relationship and the emotional balance between the conflicting parties, which will create prospects for relational and of professional integration. Also, through this approach, we advocate for training the initiative spirit in learning and research activities regarding the formation of pedagogical tact.

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Корольова, В., and І. Попова. "THE COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGIES OF MANIPULATING AND LANGUAGE AGGRESSION IN NEDA NEZHDANA’S PLAYS." Journal “Ukrainian sense”, no. 2 (February 23, 2022): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/462122.

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Abstract Background. The study of communicative strategies involves their classification. We acknowledge that today there is no universally accepted typology of strategies, which is motivated by the dynamics and flexibility of strategies, as well as by their dependence on the discursive context and the communicative actions of the speakers. The most recognizable is the classification of strategies according to the method of interaction into non-conflict and confrontational ones. The confrontational dramatic dialogue represents the communication between the characters, which are negatively attuned to each other, which causes negative communicative reactions in the conversation. In such dialogues, communicative strategies demonstrate the mood of the speaker against the listener and are focused on the active pursuit of the own purposes without taking into account the interests of the partner. Purpose. This scientific article aims to analyze the conflict strategies of manipulation and communicative aggression of the characters of modern Ukrainian plays, and also the determination of the specific tactics, which are used in the strategies of manipulation and communicative aggression based on the dramatic Neda Nezhdana’s compositions.  Methods. The following linguistic methods are used in this scientific article: descriptive method, which helped to identify linguistic features of conflict communication in dramatic texts; contextual-interpretation method, which helped to identify communicative strategies as well as imaginative deviations of the communicative code in the character interaction; the method of quantitative calculations – to test the productivity of these or those strategies of communicative actors’ parts. Results. The organizational structure of confrontational communication is characterized by unbalanced communicative intents of the communicants, the presence of negative communicants’ tone of the speech, verbalization of negative intents concerning the subject of the communication or personal features of the communicative partner, the absence of an effective result of the communication. The strategy of manipulation is realized in the tactics of shame, threatening, rejection, irritation, pressure, demands, which are aimed at capturing the communicative space to impose their interests on the partners. The manipulative strategy often combines tactics of obedience and persuasion. The strategy of communicative aggression involves the use of tactics of imagery, irony, criticism, abuse, provocation to realize a negative assessment of the addressee and to lower the level of his or her self-esteem. Among the nuclear tactics, we can identify shame, disgrace, threat, and abuse. The implementation of strategies of manipulation and verbal aggression violates the principle of consideration, which is the basis of the code of communicative behavior. More often confrontational tactics violate the maxim of sympathy, embracing, consideration, modesty, which leads to the destruction of positive and negative appearance of the communicant. The strategy of verbal aggression threatens the positive image; the strategy of manipulation negatively influences the negative image. Discussion. In the analyzed Neda Nezhdanova’s articles the strategies of manipulation and communicative aggression, expressed by various tactics, are aimed at violating the code of communicative behavior, which, in its turn, causes confrontations and hinders the successful communication. The prospect of further investigations is seen in the comparative analysis of the confrontational strategies used by men and women in dramatic dialogues of the modern Ukrainian plays.

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Loosemore, David. "Book review: Dispute avoidance – a non-confrontational approach to the management of construction contractsDISPUTE AVOIDANCE – A NON-CONFRONTATIONAL APPROACH TO THE MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTS Morgan D. Bryan, RIBA Publishing, London, 2008, ISBN 978-1-85946-297-3, £30.00, 38 pp." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Management, Procurement and Law 163, no. 1 (2010): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/mpal.2010.163.1.41.

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Savyonysheva, Svetlana S., Mariya V. Marachevskaya, and Kseniya Yu Migunova. "Parenting stress and coping strategies for working and non-working mothers of preschool children." Vestnik Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics, no. 4 (2019): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2019-25-4-113-117.

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The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of parenting stress and coping strategies of working and non-working mothers raising children of early and preschool age. The study involved 52 mothers raising young children. Methods: Questionnaire "Index of parental stress" (PSI-4), "Questionnaire of coping techniques" (WCQ). It was revealed that mothers of young children note health problems, low mood and attachment to the child. A comparative analysis of the level of parenting stress and coping strategies for working and non-working mothers revealed a lower level of parental competency and attachment to the child, and a higher level of confrontational coping for non-working mothers. It was found that for non-working mothers the determinant of higher level of parental stress was a low severity of the problem-solving planning strategy, and for working mothers was a highseverity of strategies for seeking social support and escape-avoidance.

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Koronowski, Adam. "Rational microeconomic management and its non-optimal macroeconomic outcomes: the role of social institutions." WSB Journal of Business and Finance 53, no. 1 (2019): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/wsbjbf-2019-0015.

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Abstract The paper analyzes possible policy and institutional responses to underconsumption, which is viewed as an effect of a specific market failure. Microeconomic rational decisions to keep labor costs low, resulting in suboptimal macroeconomic outcomes. Traditionally, constraints arising out of deficient demand have been corrected with expansionary fiscal and monetary policies. These methods have ceased to be effective and viable. Alternative measures should be targeted at changing income distribution; low labor income is the reason for underconsumption. Such measures (progressive income tax, stronger labor unions) would probably not gain any acceptance of entrepreneurs, even though, in principle, they should boost business activity. Non-confrontational solutions are beyond the reach of economic policy but an informed democratic debate might lead to a desirable compromise.

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Muradyan, Kristina. "LINGUISTIC MEANS OF CONFLICT DISCOURSE." Annali d'Italia 52 (February 25, 2024): 79–82. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10703021.

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Speech strategy defines speech tactics. The implementation of cooperative strategies involves the use of cooperative tactics such as offer, consent, concession, approval, praise, compliment, etc. Confrontation strategies involve the use of confrontational tactics, including threats, intimidation, rebuke, accusations, mockery, barbs, insults, provocation, etc. Some tactics can be employed in both cooperative and conflict-based contexts, depending on the strategy in which they are used. Examples include tactics like lying, irony, flattery, bribery, making remarks , requests, or changing the topic. Conflict markers can manifest in both verbal and non-verbal forms. In addition to verbal conflict markers, there are specific non-verbal markers represented by a lack of verbal communication: silence, often accompanied by facial expressions and/or posture. Verbal conflict markers can be categorized as phonetic, lexical (or lexico-semantic), and syntactic.

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HASSAN-YARI, HOUCHANG. "PIROUZ MOJTAHED-ZADEH, Security and Territoriality in the Persian Gulf. A Maritime Political Geography (Surrey: Curzon Press, 1999). Pp. 298. $75.00." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 1 (2001): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801421064.

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If the number of annual international conferences on a subject is an indicator of its importance for the academic and the political worlds, there is no doubt that security in the Persian Gulf region is one of the most debated topics. The area has always been coveted by non-indigenous adventurers. The Portuguese presence in the region was followed by a lasting British dominance, which, in turn, would be dislodged by a new American military, political, cultural, and economic leadership. This historical foreign intervention coupled with emerging political independent entities—that is, states—has created a confrontational dynamic in the region based on territorial lines of demarcation.

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Susanto, Dedi, Ahmad Khairul Fajri, and Kuswiyanto. "Jamaah Tabligh: antara Spiritualitas Tradisional dan Tantangan Dakwah Kontemporer." Jurnal Alwatzikhoebillah : Kajian Islam, Pendidikan, Ekonomi, Humaniora 11, no. 2 (2025): 420–26. https://doi.org/10.37567/alwatzikhoebillah.v11i2.3506.

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This study explores the origin, contributions, and relevance of the Tablighi Jamaat within the contemporary development of Islamic da'wah. Using a qualitative approach and literature-based method, the study reveals that Tablighi Jamaat, founded by Maulana Muhammad Ilyas in early 20th century India, is a revivalist movement focused on spiritual reform and personal outreach. Its contribution lies in promoting Islam through a non-confrontational, mosque-centered method that emphasizes direct engagement with individual Muslims across various countries. In the modern era, the movement remains relevant by preserving individual piety amidst growing secularization and globalization. However, its limited engagement with socio-political issues remains a major critique.

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Watson, J., and S. McDonnell. "Effects of three non-confrontational handling techniques on the behavior of horses during a simulated mildly aversive veterinary procedure." Journal of Veterinary Behavior 15 (September 2016): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2016.08.035.

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Watson, Jacqueline C., and Sue M. McDonnell. "Effects of three non-confrontational handling techniques on the behavior of horses during a simulated mildly aversive veterinary procedure." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 203 (June 2018): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2018.02.007.

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Bin, Huwaidin, and Osman Antwi-Boateng. "The rise of China as a hegemonic power: The case for a partial peaceful rise." Journal of Regional Security, no. 00 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/jrs0-31562.

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China's rise is a significant concern for international security. It is essential to understand the trajectory of China's rise in order to determine world safety and prosperity measures in a period of great uncertainty. This study provides an overview of the two main possible security consequences of China's rise, that is, a peaceful rise and a warlike rise, by surveying arguments found in literature regarding both aspects. The research extends beyond the often-made binary argument of "peaceful rise versus non-peaceful rise" since aspects of both arguments can explain the country's rise. This research offers a nuanced assessment of China's rise by positing a partial peaceful rise explanation whereby China seeks a non-confrontational way of asserting itself globally visa -vis the United States, while at the same time, modernizing and expanding its military capabilities in preparation for any eventualities.

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Ceesay, Lamin B. "Exploring the Influence of NGOs in Corporate Sustainability Adoption: Institutional-Legitimacy Perspective." Jindal Journal of Business Research 9, no. 2 (2020): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2278682120968969.

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This review seeks to examine the power and influence of Non-Governmental Organizations in the course of corporate sustainability adoption (i.e., sustainability reporting). Using the institutional-legitimacy and governance theories, our findings suggest that non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have great potentials in sustainability discourse through two salient actions, namely (a) collaborative partnership, and (b) confrontational tactics. While the former promotes stakeholder involvement in corporate decision-making through dialogue, joint-projects on corporate social responsibility, and sustainability reporting, the latter, however, is the last resort—involving “naming and shaming” corporations for poor social and environmental performance. The objective of such action is to cause reputational damage to businesses. Finally, it is also observed that crucial to NGO power and influence is the collaboration with government and civil society organizations in the fight for environmental sustainability and accountability.

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Colistete, Renato P. "Trade Unions and the ICFTU in the Age of Developmentalism in Brazil, 1953–1962." Hispanic American Historical Review 92, no. 4 (2012): 669–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-1727972.

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Abstract This article examines the relations between the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) and its local allies in Brazil during the 1950s and early 1960s. Devised as a tool for uniting non-Communist trade unions worldwide, the ICFTU saw its influence limited by US labor policies toward Latin America and the conditions of labor politics in Brazil, contrary to what happened in Western Europe. The developments on both domestic and international fronts of organized labor had important implications for the political economy of growth and inequality, as the confrontational pattern of labor relations undermined the development of a social compact that could promote economic growth and social reform in postwar Brazil.

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Ricciardelli, Fabrizio. "Disciplined Dissent: Strategies of Non-Confrontational Protest in Europe from the Twelfth to the Early Sixteenth Century, ed. Fabrizio Titone." English Historical Review 134, no. 569 (2019): 970–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cez148.

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Sanganetra, Sirikanya, Saharat Aungsumart, Jedsada Khieukhajee, and Tasanee Tantirittisak. "Assessing naming ability in elders without stroke and non-aphasic stroke patients with confrontational and category naming to detect anomia." Journal of the Neurological Sciences 455 (December 2023): 122426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2023.122426.

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Prasatyo, Bayu Andika, and Devian Try Gustary. "Politeness Strategies in the 2020 Biden - Trump Preseidential Debate: A Pragmatic Analysis." JETAL: Journal of English Teaching & Applied Linguistic 6, no. 1 (2024): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36655/jetal.v6i1.1672.

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This research explores the use of politeness strategies in the 2020 U.S. Presidential debate between Joe Biden and Donald Trump. The study aims to analyze how each candidate utilized these strategies to navigate the debate and influence public perception. By applying qualitative analysis, the research examines debate transcripts through the lens of Brown and Levinson's politeness theory, while also considering non-verbal cues using McNeill's coding scheme. The results show that Trump frequently employed direct and often confrontational bald-on-record strategies, whereas Biden leaned towards positive politeness, seeking to build a sense of connection with the audience. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of politeness strategies in political communication, highlighting their impact on the dynamics of public discourse.

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Yeh, Yao-Yuan, and Charles K. S. Wu. "Diversionary Behavior for Weak States: A Case Study of Taiwan." Journal of Asian and African Studies 55, no. 2 (2020): 221–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909620905069.

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This paper explores the mechanisms and circumstances under which leaders in weak states adopt diversionary behavior to deal with domestic problems. We examine the case of Taiwan to see if its President, Tsai Ingwen, has adopted diversionary behavior from 2016 to the present. We found that, unlike great powers, weak-state leaders often resort to non-force tactics such as blaming foreign opponents, but the emergence of diversionary behavior is conditional on the stability of their relationship with a major power. In the case of Taiwan, Tsai adopted a more confrontational foreign policy toward China only when USA–Taiwan relations had become more stable and more favorable toward Taiwan. Future work could continue to explore the circumstances and tools unique to weak states’ diversionary behavior.

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Feng, Huaifang, and Yong Chen. "Characteristics and Development Trends of Network Mass Incidents in Colleges and Universities." Advances in Social Science and Culture 6, no. 1 (2024): p153. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/assc.v6n1p153.

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With the leapfrog progress of mobile internet technology, the network mass incidents in colleges and universities are increasingly concerned by many parties. The characteristics of network mass incidents in colleges and universities include the particularity of participants, the diversity of inducement causes, emotionalization and irrationalization, the non-confrontational nature of event and the extensive range of impact. With social development, the potential trends of future network mass incidents in colleges and universities include the probability and quantity of occurrences will further increase, the breadth and intensity of impact will be further enhanced, the organizational form will become more complex, the coping strategies of management department will affect the development trend of the event, the increase in uncertainty brought by the development of new technologies.

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Viljoen, Frans. "Inter-State Complaints under the African Human Rights System: a Breeze of Change?" International Human Rights Law Review 13, no. 1 (2024): 96–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131035-13010005.

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Abstract An inter-state procedure is provided for explicitly in the 1981 African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, on which the African regional human rights system is based, but the mechanism remains underused. Exploring the question why such a small number of inter-state cases have been submitted under the Africa system, the article points to the influence of a general culture of non-intervention and a preference for non-confrontational dispute mechanisms among African States; the existence of alternative channels to resolve cases involving massive or widespread violations cases; African States have over the years placed growing confidence in the icj; the delays associated with the drc decision; and a pervasive ignorance of inter-state complaints processes under the African system. To overcome some of these impediments, the article notes, inter-states cases may be masked as cases brought by individuals or ngo s whose interests overlap with those of States.

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Kim, HwanHee. "Corpus-based analysis of honorifics in Korean and its pedagogical implication." Korean Linguistics 18, no. 2 (2022): 159–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/kl.20010.kim.

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Abstract This study explores the speech level shifts from non-honorific to honorific situation by analyzing Korean spoken corpora of conversations between native speakers of Korean through a discourse-analytic framework. Although non-honorific styles (e.g., panmal) are used as frequently as honorific ones (e.g., contaysmal), little attention has been paid to non-honorific expressions in Korean, let alone to the speech level shift between non-honorific and honorific. Analyzing interactions between native speakers of Korean revealed that, depending on the change of their stance in response to the interlocutor’s utterance, speakers dynamically switched their speech levels not only within the boundary of non-honorifics or honorifics, but also across the dichotomous categories, that is, they changed from non-honorific to honorific speech styles. In general, speakers employed the speech level elevation from non-honorific to honorific when indexing a confrontational stance toward a topic and an object, or when upgrading an epistemic stance in naturally occurring interactions. The findings of this study encourage researchers to actively construct and use corpora of authentic/naturalistic conversations to explore the dynamicity of the speech level shift and its functions, which in turn contributes to developing instruction materials that reflect the dynamicity of the Korean honorific system.

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Paligutan, P. James. "American Dream Deferred." Pacific Historical Review 90, no. 2 (2021): 233–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2021.90.2.233.

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This article examines a unique migratory movement of Filipinos to America: Filipino nationals recruited by the U.S. Navy and Coast Guard between 1952 and 1970. Such recruits were seen as a solution to a mounting labor problem stemming from the Navy’s traditional use of minorities to fulfill duties as servants for naval officers. With African Americans' demands for equal opportunity reaching a crescendo during the Civil Rights era, the U.S. Navy looked to its former colony to replenish its supply of dark-skinned servants. Despite expectations of docility, however, such Filipino sailors were able to forge a culture of resistance manifested through non-confrontational acts of defiance, protest through official channels, and labor stoppage. Such actions ultimately resulted in the reversal of naval policy that relegated Filipinos to servile labor.

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