Journal articles: 'Non-contact measuring methods'

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SATO, Atsushi. "Non-contact Measuring Methods for Areal Surface Texture." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 81, no. 10 (2015): 922–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.81.922.

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Yan, Qing Dong, Cheng Liu, and Wei Wei. "Comparative Research on Contact and Non-Contact Measuring Methods of 3D Twisted Blades in a Torque Converter." Advanced Materials Research 139-141 (October 2010): 2102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.139-141.2102.

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The contact and non-contact measuring methods were adopted to measure the twisted blades of the turbine in a casting torque converter. The curves were reconstructed using the B-spline and Bezier curve. Then the blade parameters were extracted based on the conformal transformation. Compared with the original data of the designed blades, measuring results of both methods were effective, while errors existed during both measuring processes including data missing error, measurement error and fitting error. Compared with the contact measuring method, the non-contact measuring method needed improvement because of its larger errors, which is mainly caused by the shrink and distortion of silicone rubber. But non-contact measuring method will be a trend in measurement system because of its own advantages such as expeditiousness, automation and the ability of acquiring relatively comprehensive information.

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Batanov, S. D., O. S. Starostina, and I. A. Baranova. "Non-contact methods of cattle conformation assessment using mobile measuring systems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 315 (August 23, 2019): 032006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/315/3/032006.

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Mordasov, M. M., A. P. Savenkov, and K. E. Chechetov. "Non-contact methods for measuring the surface tension of liquids (review)." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 86, no. 4 (April 23, 2020): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-4-29-38.

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A review of non-contact methods for determining the surface tension of liquids along with analysis of the physical effects underlying them is presented. A review of non-contact methods for determining the surface tension of liquids along with analysis of the physical effects underlying them is presented. The advantages, disadvantages, possible ranges of measurements and scope of non-contact methods are discussed. Passive methods do not require any stimulation of the measurement object whereas active methods, when implemented, affect the liquid under study. Electrical, electromagnetic, acoustic, jet, and mechanical methods used for excitation of capillary waves are described in analysis of the methods based on capillary waves intended to study the properties of surface-active substances. We also considered methods based on the processes occurred in an oscillating or rotating levitating drop of liquid (containerless technology) used to study the properties of melts and methods based on local deformation of the liquid surface by the electric field, acoustic pulse, and gas jet. It is shown that aerodynamic methods based on deformation of the liquid surface under control by a gas stream are the most promising for standard laboratory conditions. It is noted that containerless methods should be used in zero gravity tests, whereas the methods based on capillary waves or deformation of the liquid surface with a focused acoustic pulse appeared useful in testing inviscid liquids. Methods based on electrical deformation of the liquid surface under control are limited with the thickness of the liquid layer, relatively high sensitivity to the density and dielectric constant of the liquid, and some other uncontrolled factors. It was also noted that aerodynamic non-contact method of the surface tension determination is characterized by low sensitivity to the density and viscosity of the controlled liquid. The presented review of non-contact methods of the surface tension determination provides optimal choice of the method most suited for solving specific measurement problems.

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MIYAMOTO, KOZO. "Special issue on high accuracy optical and non-contact measuring techniques. Measurement of surfaces with contact and non-contact methods." Journal of the Japan Society of Precision Engineering 51, no. 4 (1985): 674–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe1933.51.674.

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Costa, John E., Kurt R. Spicer, Ralph T. Cheng, F. Peter Haeni, Nick B. Melcher, E. Michael Thurman, William J. Plant, and William C. Keller. "measuring stream discharge by non-contact methods: A Proof-of-Concept Experiment." Geophysical Research Letters 27, no. 4 (February 15, 2000): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999gl006087.

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Shang, Xiao Mei, Jie Chen, and Zhong Yi Wang. "Stability and Correlation Analysis of Data Obtained by Contact and Non-Contact Measuring Body." Advanced Materials Research 156-157 (October 2010): 600–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.156-157.600.

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Today, high technology is transforming traditional industry. The science, suitable measuring technique and data application method are the basis of large-scale manufacture realizing, which not only meet individual consumer demand, but also are meaningful to raise the economic efficiency and reduce production cycle of custom-made. Custom-made enterprise always has its own contact measuring method and mechanism, which uses uniform size clothing to wear or measurement by manual re-confirm to obtain data.The efficiency of this method is low and its accuracy is poor. But non-contact measuring method has problems in application of equipment and can not completely replace manual operation. How make manual measuring method and laser measuring instruments work together to get data is the demand of practical management and production improvement in enterprise, but there is no data standard between the two methods. This research based on national size standard and professional normative measuring method, and used manual and three-dimensional laser measuring ways to collect sample data in identical situation. Under designed data standard, the research used mathematical statistics to analyse data, and then made comprehensive assessment in aspects of instrumental stability and data correlation. This paper is the case of practical application, among which used to study the tolerance range of the standard data was initial issue (sci-tech novelty report was attached).

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Domański, Tomasz. "Examples of modern methods of measuring deformations." MATEC Web of Conferences 157 (2018): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815705004.

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The work presents examples of possibilities created by multi-unit 3D correlation system. Experience is the non-contact measurement of displacement and strains of slender compression bars or tensile samples. Experimental research show that as a result of axial compression of slender elements with the length substantially exceeding the cross-sectional dimensions, element destruction occurs at loads less than the respective compressive strength, resulting in deformation of the object. We present the results of numerical analysis, compared with exercise of carrying on a test bench.

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ONDA, Minoru, and Ryuichi HIRAKAWA. "INFLUENCES OF WIND VELOCITY ON MEASURING ACCURACY WITH DIFFERENT NON-CONTACT MEASUREMENT METHODS." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B1 (Hydraulic Engineering) 72, no. 4 (2016): I_901—I_906. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejhe.72.i_901.

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Klemm, Agnieszka J., Piotr Klemm, Kazimierz Rozniakowski, and Tomasz W. Wojtatowicz. "Non-contact methods of measuring moisture concentration in external layers of building partitions." Building and Environment 37, no. 12 (December 2002): 1233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-1323(01)00123-8.

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Klemm, Agnieszka J., Piotr Klemm, Kazimierz Rozniakowski, and Tomasz W. Wojtatowicz. "Non-contact methods of measuring moisture concentration in external layers of building partitions." Building and Environment 37, no. 12 (December 2002): 1221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-1323(01)00124-x.

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Nedzelnitsky, Victor, and Randall P. Wagner. "Non-contact methods for measuring front cavity depths of laboratory standard microphones using a depth-measuring microscope." Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 113, no. 2 (March 2008): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.113.008.

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Bach, Friedrich Wilhelm, Kai Möhwald, Martin Nicolaus, Eduard Reithmeier, Markus Kästner, and Omar Abo-Namous. "Non-Contact Geometry Inspection of Workpieces with Optically Non-Cooperative Surfaces." Key Engineering Materials 438 (May 2010): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.438.123.

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In order to produce optically cooperative surfaces to use triangulation measuring systems, the methods of surface and thin-coating technology are resorted to. Among these number physical methods such as PVD technology, (electro-)chemical treatment as, for example, electrochemical etching and electroless coatings as well as mechanical treatments of the components by means of glass-bead and corundum blasting. The processes mentioned are suitable for producing optically cooperative surfaces since, owing to the corresponding test parameters, a change of the component's surface occurs at the sub-micrometer scale. Currently, no indication in the literature is provided that such processes are employed for manufacturing optically cooperative surfaces vis-à-vis triangulation methods.

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Tang, Guang Rui, and Ming Jiang. "Analysis and Research on Inspection Methods of Drilling Holes in Power Transmission Line Foundation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 1268–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.1268.

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At present, the quality inspection of drilling holes in power transmission line foundations is mainly completed by manpower with the help of the measuring rope, reinforcing cage, etc. This is a rough measuring method with low accuracy, and even the workers have to enter into deep holes to measure verticality and similar values, which brings danger to personal safety. The measuring equipment and methods for foundation holes have mature application in the industry and civil building sector, which are mainly divided into two categories, contact and non-contact measurements. The inspection methods for drilling holes in power transmission line foundation are to be proposed by referring to inspection means used in the sector.

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Lapshinov, Boris A. "Methods of temperature measurement in microwave heating technologies." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 6 (2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2021-6-20-28.

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In industrial technological processes associated with the heating of the processed material by microwave radiation, it is necessary to measure the temperatures of objects. Methods for measuring temperatures in the fields of technology using microwave heating systems are considered. The main possibilities, disadvantages and limitations of the used contact and non-contact (optical) measurement methods are determined. The requirements for temperature measurement systems under conditions of exposure to strong electromagnetic fields are listed. The possibilities of the spectral pyrometry method are especially noted.

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Ushakov, I. E., and A. A. Vinogradova. "Non-contact methods and means of measuring the oil film thickness on the water surface." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1384 (November 2019): 012066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1384/1/012066.

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Meinhardt, B., O. Stachs, J. Stave, R. Beck, and R. Guthoff. "Evaluation of biometric methods for measuring the anterior chamber depth in the non-contact mode." Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 244, no. 5 (September 15, 2005): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-005-0103-7.

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Zhao, Leilei, Hutian Feng, and Qianfeng Rong. "A novel non-contact measuring system for the thread profile of a ball screw." Mechanical Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 9, 2018): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-9-15-2018.

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Abstract. In order to meet the demand of high position accuracy, many methods have been developed for measuring the thread profile features of ball screws. However, most of these efforts are limited to measuring a small number of ball screw features and therefore less efficient. In this study, an automatic, non-contact measuring system for the thread profile of a ball screw was developed. It is capable of measuring most common features of the ball screw thread profile and can measure ball screws of different sizes and lengths. The main part of the system is the light curtain which has a high-resolution line-scan CCD camera to measure the projected outer contour of the target. Data points from the thread profile of a ball screw were collected by the measuring system and data pre-processing was performed. Then, the proposed method was used to calculate the most important geometric parameters and errors of the thread profile. The accuracy of the measuring system was verified by testing and evaluating four sets of ball screws from different manufacturers.

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Romano, Chiara, Emiliano Schena, Sergio Silvestri, and Carlo Massaroni. "Non-Contact Respiratory Monitoring Using an RGB Camera for Real-World Applications." Sensors 21, no. 15 (July 29, 2021): 5126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21155126.

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Respiratory monitoring is receiving growing interest in different fields of use, ranging from healthcare to occupational settings. Only recently, non-contact measuring systems have been developed to measure the respiratory rate (fR) over time, even in unconstrained environments. Promising methods rely on the analysis of video-frames features recorded from cameras. In this work, a low-cost and unobtrusive measuring system for respiratory pattern monitoring based on the analysis of RGB images recorded from a consumer-grade camera is proposed. The system allows (i) the automatized tracking of the chest movements caused by breathing, (ii) the extraction of the breathing signal from images with methods based on optical flow (FO) and RGB analysis, (iii) the elimination of breathing-unrelated events from the signal, (iv) the identification of possible apneas and, (v) the calculation of fR value every second. Unlike most of the work in the literature, the performances of the system have been tested in an unstructured environment considering user-camera distance and user posture as influencing factors. A total of 24 healthy volunteers were enrolled for the validation tests. Better performances were obtained when the users were in sitting position. FO method outperforms in all conditions. In the fR range 6 to 60 breaths/min (bpm), the FO allows measuring fR values with bias of −0.03 ± 1.38 bpm and −0.02 ± 1.92 bpm when compared to a reference wearable system with the user at 2 and 0.5 m from the camera, respectively.

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Ratajczyk, Eugeniusz, Michał Rak, and Tomasz Kowaluk. "The influence of method of point collection on results with the use of a measuring arm." Metrology and Measurement Systems 19, no. 3 (October 1, 2012): 541–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10178-012-0047-2.

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Abstract Comparison studies of different measurement methods using a Coordinate Measuring Arm are presented. Studies were divided into two parts. The first was point measurements of contact and pseudo-scanning contact measurements. The second part consisted of point measurements of contact and non-contact scanning measurements. Contact research (point measurements and the pseudo-scanning) were accomplished with the use of PowerINSPECT software, whereas non-contact with use of Focus Handheld and Focus Inspection software. Handheld Focus was used to collect a point cloud and its processing, while the detection of set elements was made using the second software from the group of Focus. According to the developed procedure for both parts sample elements with known nominal values were measured (available CAD model of object of research). It became the basis for examining whether there are statistically significant differences between results of different methods in both parts. Statistical comparison of measurement methods was carried out using four tests: Comparison of Means, Comparison of Standard Deviations, Comparison of Medians and a Kolmogorov- Smirnov Test.

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Li, Yu Zhong. "A FPGA-Based Long Distance Temperature Measurement System and Control Circuit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 203 (October 2012): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.203.111.

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Temperature measurement methods always including contact method and non-contact method, generally speaking, non-contact method used for detecting remote measuring objects temperature, in especially as to particular occasions such as factory workshop. This paper provides a system based FPGA(field programmable gate array)for accurate measure and analysis long distance objects temperature. The system could be used in process of industrial produce fabrication.

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Zhang, Fei, Zhuang De Jiang, Bing Li, Jian Jun Ding, and Lei Chen. "Error Modeling and Compensation for High-Precision Non-Contact Four Coordinate Measuring System." Key Engineering Materials 437 (May 2010): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.437.232.

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The error compensation technique is used to improve the accuracy of non-contact high-precision measuring system. To ensure the accuracy of the high-precision non-contact four-coordinate blade profile measuring system, the geometric and thermal error compensation model is proposed in this paper. The system is composed of three orthogonal coordinate axes (X, Y and Z) and a rotation axis R. The coordinate transformation matrix can be calculated by the mathematical model of rigid body which is established according to the related theoretical analysis. Three-beam interferometer and standard gauge block are adopted to verify the geometric error of the system. In the thermal deformation error compensation, wavelet neural network model is established. The thermal and geometric error compensation methods are analyzed and the experimental results are given.

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Xiao, Wu Hua, and Ming Li. "Study on the Fitting Methods of the Polyworks Software." Applied Mechanics and Materials 587-589 (July 2014): 2330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.587-589.2330.

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Standard is the root of the measurement, But a complete set of measurement specifications has not appeared in the applications of non-contact measuring technology at present.This article talks about the study of the two fitting methods of the Polyworks software, and puts forward when the Polyworks software deals with the circle, slot etc. features,we should choose the fitting method of minimal, and verifys the feasibility of the method through the relevant experiments.

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Liu, Qi, Ying Zi Yang, and Hong Wei Deng. "Discussion on Measuring Methods of Deformation of Concrete at early Ages." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 1985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.1985.

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The deformation law of concrete at early age not only affects the shrinkage and cracking of concrete structure in construction, but also further influences its mechanical performance, safety and durability. Based on the existing test methods of cementitious material deformation at early age and aimed at the existing problems, this paper puts forward five kinds of technical solutions to improve the measurement method. Try to use the change in light signals, the electrical signals and leverage-buoyancy method to implement the automatic and continuous deformation monitoring of early-age concrete. Lastly the combination of corrugated pipe, tilt flat base and eddy-current transducer was recommended as the optimal non-contact measurement method for monitoring the deformation of early-age concrete.

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Lin, Hong Dun, Yen Shien Lee, Yu Jen Su, and Bor Nian Chuang. "Nanosecond Pulse Near-Field Sensing Based Non-Contact Physiological Signals Measurement." Advanced Materials Research 301-303 (July 2011): 1214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.301-303.1214.

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Clinically, basic physiological signal measurement, such as cardiovascular vibration and respiration motion detection, reveals important vital information of clinical diagnosis or personal health status evaluation. In routine, there are many preferable non-invasive methods, including electrocardiogram (ECG), pressure-sensitive transducers and applanation tonometry, to get insight of the sign of life. However, the operation of traditional monitors is relied on professionals’ experience, and also the sensing probes needed to contact to the user’s skin directly. The measurement procedure is easy to cause inconvenient and uncomfortable. To improve the issues of these measuring techniques, the non-contact and non-invasive measuring method will become an important innovation. In this paper, the novel nanosecond pulse near-field sensing (NPNS) based screening technology, which includes radio frequency (RF) pulse transmission and a flat antenna connected to transceiver of miniature radar, is proposed to monitor physical activity inside body. A dedicate analysis software built in Smartphone is also provided to calculate desired parameters, including heart rate and breath rate, for clinical or common personal applications. To evaluate the performance, the proposed method was applied on motion measurement at the body site of chest. As a result, the proposed method is validated to perform the capability of continuously long-term monitoring to reveal cardiovascular information in real-time.

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Miura, Katsuhiro, Atsuko Nose, Hirofumi Suzuki, and Mutsumi Okada. "Cutting Tool Edge and Textured Surface Measurements with a Point Autofocus Probe." International Journal of Automation Technology 11, no. 5 (August 30, 2017): 761–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2017.p0761.

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To improve surface roughness, machining efficiency, and accuracy of a workpiece, measuring the roughness and contours of a cutting tool edge is crucial. However, it has not been easy for a contact stylus or non-contact methods to measure the roughness and contours of a sharp edge for two reasons: doing so damages the contact stylus and steep angles produce poor reflected rays for the non-contact method. A point autofocus probe (PAP) is widely used for the roughness and contour measurements of various precision machining surfaces. The authors have developed a new method of measuring a cutting tool edge, a method using PAP with three-axis liner stages and a rotary stage. In this study, a cutting tool edge for micro-fabrication was precisely measured, and the roughness relationships of the cutting tool edge and workpiece surface were quantitatively evaluated.

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Mooneghi, Sara Asghari, Siamak Saharkhiz, and S. Mohammad Hosseini Varkiani. "Surface Roughness Evaluation of Textile Fabrics: A Literature Review." Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 9, no. 2 (June 2014): 155892501400900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/155892501400900201.

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Surface roughness is an important and effective factor in predicting tactile properties of fabrics. The definition of surface roughness and its different evaluating methods are divided into two main groups, subjective and objective, are reviewed. The latter consists of contact and non-contact methods. The evaluation in subjective and objective techniques is done by trained people as a measuring device and an apparatus, respectively.

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Skorokhodov, Dmitriy M., Konstantin A. Krasnyashchikh, and Aleksey S. Sviridov. "Use of contactless methods and means for checking the quality of agricultural machinery spare parts." Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin, no. 2 (June 10, 2020): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-58-2-141-148.

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Quality control of spare parts of agricultural machinery has now acquired significant relevance, which is due to the presence of a large share of low-quality products on the market. The use of low-quality spare parts increases the risk of failure of the equipment in use, which lead to its downtime and financial losses of the agricultural producer, which is highly undesirable in the modern realities of the domestic agricultural industry. Contactless methods and tools for quality control of spare parts will improve the accuracy and productivity of control. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a device that allows to control the geometric, physical and mechanical parameters of spare parts, the use of which should increase the performance and accuracy of control due to a comprehensive non-contact method of measuring spare parts. (Materials and methods) Authors applied a non-contact triangulation method for controlling geometric parameters and a X-ray fluorescence method for controlling physical and mechanical parameters. (Results and discussion) The article presents the devices that are closest in technical parameters and based on them an automated measuring device using methods and means that allows controlling the geometric, physical and mechanical parameters of the object. The article presents the principle of operation and functions of an automated measuring device. The article describes the factors that affect the control process by an automated measuring device. (Conclusions) It was found that the use of contactless methods and quality control tools for spare parts of agricultural machinery could improve the accuracy and productivity of control and eliminate the influence of human factors on the measurement process. Timely quality control of spare parts of agricultural machinery using an automated measuring device will allow to identify low-quality or counterfeit spare parts before installation on the repaired equipment, which will reduce the risk of failures of agricultural machinery.

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Senchenko, Victor, Veronika Lopatina, and Artem Butsanets. "Calculating the longitudinal and vertical displacements of a moving object by digital image processing methods." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125802005.

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In the article, algorithms for calculating the longitudinal and vertical displacement of a moving object relative to a stationary base by a non-contact method using a laser-optical measuring de-vice are described and compared. The problem of non-contact measurement of longitudinal and vertical displacement belongs to the class of problems solved by methods of computer vision - image processing for measuring physical quantities. Two methods of calculating the value of the longitudinal and vertical displacement are compared. The first is based on the distance to the object, the size of the image sensor using the thin lens equation. The second is based on the method of calculus of distance to the object and the angle of view of the video recorder using the tangent formula. The measurements were carried out for the range of 0.5 - 500 m. The results of the work can be used to create high-precision positioning systems and high-precision vehicle guidance systems for various types of transport (sea, river, road, air and rail). Such systems solve the problem of stabilizing the position of moving objects in various transport systems, as well as position control.

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Varzihtskii, L. A., N. V. Chertykovtseva, and E. M. Tarasov. "Improvement and possibilities of application of calibration methods for optoelectronic vibration displacement sensor." Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika, no. 9 (2020): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-9-36-42.

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The characteristics of non-contact sensors for measuring displacements, deformations, and vibration parameters using processes of various physical nature are compared. Within the framework of the diffuse-mirror reflection model, the efficiency of using optocouplers for developing non-contact vibration displacement sensors is substantiated. The urgent tasks of research and development of sensors using near infrared radiation reflected from the surface of the controlled object are formulated. The research technique based on modern algorithms and means of digital processing of vibrosignals is given. The difficulties of studying the metrological characteristics of sensors in a wide dynamic and frequency ranges using electrodynamic vibration stands are considered. The results of a full-scale study of the basic metrological characteristics of a prototype optoelectronic sensor providing measurements of displacements with an amplitude of up to 5 mm in the frequency range from 0 to 3 kHz are presented. The results of analysis of the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the sensor in the range from 5 Hz to 3 kHz, obtained using two disks made on a 3D printer, are presented. The advantages and disadvantages of non-contact sensors based on infrared optocouplers are given.

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Jiang, Ling Yun, and Zhi Biao Wang. "Data Collection and Model Construction Methods for Reverse Engineering." Advanced Materials Research 102-104 (March 2010): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.102-104.189.

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The process of creating a CAD model from an object is mainly made up of two steps: the data collection through digital measurement and the construction of parameterized and revisable model. This paper discusses the measuring process and technical problems of the Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) and non-contact sensor. Through comparative analysis, we determine the application scope of those approaches in measuring different dimensions of the same objects considering the time efficiency and tolerance requirement. This paper divide the objects into two categories: freeform feature objects and regular feature objects. As for the freeform feature objects, people could fit wrap-around B-spline surfaces to construct the model. Regular feature objects for mass produce contain machined surfaces which should be precisely measured and modeled. The model of regular feature object should be constructed by three-dimensional modeling software, so that it is parametric and revisable for changing and improving the original design. Sizes and position of important surfaces of the model are acquired from CMM, and those of non-important features are fitted though point cloud processing. Some profile can’t be measured directly from CMM but should be precise, so this paper proposed two methods to construct profile line and analyze error by comparing it with point cloud.

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Sio-Sever, Andrés, Erardo Leal-Muñoz, Juan Manuel Lopez-Navarro, Ricardo Alzugaray-Franz, Antonio Vizan-Idoipe, and Guillermo de Arcas-Castro. "Non-Invasive Estimation of Machining Parameters during End-Milling Operations Based on Acoustic Emission." Sensors 20, no. 18 (September 17, 2020): 5326. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20185326.

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This work presents a non-invasive and low-cost alternative to traditional methods for measuring the performance of machining processes directly on existing machine tools. A prototype measuring system has been developed based on non-contact microphones, a custom designed signal conditioning board and signal processing techniques that take advantage of the underlying physics of the machining process. Experiments have been conducted to estimate the depth of cut during end-milling process by means of the measurement of the acoustic emission energy generated during operation. Moreover, the predicted values have been compared with well established methods based on cutting forces measured by dynamometers.

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Chao, Cecilia, Kathryn Richdale, Isabelle Jalbert, Kim Doung, and Moneisha Gokhale. "Non-invasive objective and contemporary methods for measuring ocular surface inflammation in soft contact lens wearers – A review." Contact Lens and Anterior Eye 40, no. 5 (October 2017): 273–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clae.2017.05.008.

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Shen, Shao Feng, Xian Cheng Wang, and Jun Hua Chen. "Research on Screw Thread Form Based on Non-Contact Measurement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 101-102 (September 2011): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.101-102.593.

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There is a problem with non-contact measurement and detection, which reduces its measurement accuracy. Methods developed for measuring and inspecting screw thread characteristic parameters usually using a camera, which is controlled to scan the projection of thread in the parallel optical field to obtain thread images. However, with the block of screw line on the projection of the real thread form, it is impossible to acquire the real thread form from images. The traditional way is adjusting the optical axis to a suitable angle with the thread axis to acquire the real thread form projection, which has some problems, such as time consuming, high skill of operator, high-precision equipment for adjustment, inaccuracy, and so on. Hence, a new method through digital image calibration is presented. The results of relevant simulation indicated the feasibility of this new method, which improves thread measurement and detection accuracy.

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Grossmann, M. A., and A. I. Larkin. "APPLICATION OF LASER PHOTONICS METHODS IN ORTHOPEDIC DENTISTRY FOR NON-INVASIVE NON-CONTACT EXAMINATION OF BULK MICRO-DEFORMATIONS OF BONE TISSUE." Biomedical Photonics 7, no. 2 (June 25, 2018): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24931/2413-9432-2018-7-2-13-18.

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Modern methods of laser photonics, which make it possible to measure the dynamics of micro-deformations of volumetric objects without contact and with high sensitivity, find increasing application in a wide variety of fields. Particularly attractive is the use of such a delicate, non-perturbing technique in medicine. The article reports on experiments using laser photonics methods in dental implantology, which allowed to give practical medical recommendations. In the work, a study was made of the possibilities of holographic and speckle interferometry methods for measuring the deformation of the jaw bone tissue with a step-by-step installation of cylindrical and conical mini implants. The possibility of determining the relaxation time of deformations after the installation of mini implants was demonstrated. The purpose of this work is to justify the possibility and feasibility of using laser photonics to solve this medical problem.

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Massaroni, Carlo, Daniela Lo Presti, Domenico Formica, Sergio Silvestri, and Emiliano Schena. "Non-Contact Monitoring of Breathing Pattern and Respiratory Rate via RGB Signal Measurement." Sensors 19, no. 12 (June 19, 2019): 2758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19122758.

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Among all the vital signs, respiratory rate remains the least measured in several scenarios, mainly due to the intrusiveness of the sensors usually adopted. For this reason, all contactless monitoring systems are gaining increasing attention in this field. In this paper, we present a measuring system for contactless measurement of the respiratory pattern and the extraction of breath-by-breath respiratory rate. The system consists of a laptop’s built-in RGB camera and an algorithm for post-processing of acquired video data. From the recording of the chest movements of a subject, the analysis of the pixel intensity changes yields a waveform indicating respiratory pattern. The proposed system has been tested on 12 volunteers, both males and females seated in front of the webcam, wearing both slim-fit and loose-fit t-shirts. The pressure-drop signal recorded at the level of nostrils with a head-mounted wearable device was used as reference respiratory pattern. The two methods have been compared in terms of mean of absolute error, standard error, and percentage error. Additionally, a Bland–Altman plot was used to investigate the bias between methods. Results show the ability of the system to record accurate values of respiratory rate, with both slim-fit and loose-fit clothing. The measuring system shows better performance on females. Bland–Altman analysis showed a bias of −0.01 breaths · min − 1 , with respiratory rate values between 10 and 43 breaths · min − 1 . Promising performance has been found in the preliminary tests simulating tachypnea.

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Kofman, Rianne, Anna M. Beekman, Cornelis H. Emmelot, Jan H. B. Geertzen, and Pieter U. Dijkstra. "Measurement properties and usability of non-contact scanners for measuring transtibial residual limb volume." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 42, no. 3 (November 8, 2017): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364617736088.

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Background: Non-contact scanners may have potential for measurement of residual limb volume. Different non-contact scanners have been introduced during the last decades. Reliability and usability (practicality and user friendliness) should be assessed before introducing these systems in clinical practice. Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the measurement properties and usability of four non-contact scanners (TT Design, Omega Scanner, BioSculptor Bioscanner, and Rodin4D Scanner). Study design: Quasi experimental. Methods: Nine (geometric and residual limb) models were measured on two occasions, each consisting of two sessions, thus in total 4 sessions. In each session, four observers used the four systems for volume measurement. Mean for each model, repeatability coefficients for each system, variance components, and their two-way interactions of measurement conditions were calculated. User satisfaction was evaluated with the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire. Results: Systematic differences between the systems were found in volume measurements. Most of the variances were explained by the model (97%), while error variance was 3%. Measurement system and the interaction between system and model explained 44% of the error variance. Repeatability coefficient of the systems ranged from 0.101 (Omega Scanner) to 0.131 L (Rodin4D). Differences in Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire scores between the systems were small and not significant. Conclusion: The systems were reliable in determining residual limb volume. Measurement systems and the interaction between system and residual limb model explained most of the error variances. The differences in repeatability coefficient and usability between the four CAD/CAM systems were small. Clinical relevance If accurate measurements of residual limb volume are required (in case of research), modern non-contact scanners should be taken in consideration nowadays.

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Chen, Zhen, Hui Wang, Yi Wang, Hongmei Lin, Xiuping Zhu, and Yaqin Wang. "Use of non-contact infrared thermometers in rehabilitation patients: a randomized controlled study." Journal of International Medical Research 49, no. 1 (January 2021): 030006052098461. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060520984617.

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Objective In this randomized controlled study, we aimed to determine whether non-contact infrared thermometers (NCITs) are more time-efficient and create less patient distress than mercury axillary thermometers (MATs) and infrared tympanic thermometers (ITTs). Methods Forty-five rehabilitation inpatients were randomly assigned to one of three groups (NCIT, MAT, and ITT). Time required to measure body temperature with an NCIT, MAT, and ITT was recorded. We examined associations between time required to take patients’ temperature and measuring device used. Patient distress experienced during temperature measurement using the three thermometers was recorded. Results A significantly longer average time was required to measure temperatures using the MAT (mean 43.17, standard deviation [SD] 8.39) than the ITT (mean 13.74, SD 1.63) and NCIT (mean 12.13, SD 1.18). The thermometer used influenced the time required to measure body temperature (t = 33.99). There were significant differences among groups (NCIT vs. ITT, NCIT vs. MAT, and ITT vs. MAT) regarding patient distress among the different thermometers. Most distress arose owing to needing help from others, sleep disruption, and boredom. Conclusion The NCIT has clinically relevant advantages over the ITT and MAT in measuring body temperature among rehabilitation patients, including saving nurses’ time and avoiding unnecessary patient distress. Clinical trial registration number ( http://www.chictr.org.cn ): ChiCTR1800019756.

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Moya, Ana, Anton Guimerà, Irene Sánchez, Vladimir Laukin, Raúl Martín, Fernando Ussa, Elena Laukhina, et al. "Discrete Portable Measuring Device for Monitoring Noninvasive Intraocular Pressure with a Nano-Structured Sensing Contact Lens Prototype." International Journal of E-Health and Medical Communications 2, no. 4 (October 2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jehmc.2011100101.

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A new portable measuring device for monitoring intraocular pressure with a non invasive system using a prototype of contact lens has been developed. The contact lens is based on a new organic flexible highly piezo-resisitive film sensor that is glued to the central hole of a lens. The measuring system is wire connected to the contact lens and incorporates user interface methods and a Bluetooth link for bi-directional wireless data transfer. The key design aspects of such architecture are discussed in this paper. The system is designed with an architecture that can be integrated in the future in order to be placed in the contact lens. The discrete system is used to validate the electronic measurement operation and the contact lens sensor (CLS). The measurement instrument can calibrate the differences of the nominal value of the sensor and measure resistances variations that are related to pressure variations. The measuring system and the contact lens sensor were tested with an eye phantom and with enucleated pig eyes by applying pressure changes between 7 to 32 mmHg recording the electrical changes with the portable device.

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Pesic, Snezana, Svetlana Jovanovic, Milos Mitrasevic, Biljana Vuletic, Milena Jovanovic, and Zorica Jovanovic. "The impact of silicone hydrogel contact lenses on the measurement of intraocular pressure using non-contact tonometry." Vojnosanitetski pregled 74, no. 8 (2017): 763–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp151102118p.

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Background/Aim. Measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) over therapeutic silicone hydrogel soft contact lenses by a non-contact method of tonometry could be applied in opthalmologic practice but the results obtained are still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of spherically designed silicone hydrogel soft contact lenses and their power on values of IOP measured by using a noncontact tonometry method. Methods. We measured IOP with and without spherical silicone hydrogel soft contact lenses on 143 eyes of 80 subjects who did not have any ocular or systemic diseases. Results. The Wilcoxon statistical analysis test for ranking average values of IOP measured on 143 eyes over a spherical silicone hydrogel soft contact lenses showed significantly higher values compared to those measured with no contact lenses (15.81 ? 3.46 mm Hg vs 14.54 ? 3.19 mm Hg; respectively; Z = -5.224, p = 0.001). Refractive power analysis of the contact lenses of -9.00D to +6.00 D showed a significant difference of IOP in the range from 0.00D to -6.00D. Conclusion. Non-contact tonometry is not an accurate method of IOP measuring over spherical silicone hydrogel soft contact lenses which belong to therapeutic contact lenses.

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Huang, Hao, Xiang Yang Lei, Qiao Xu, Yin Biao Guo, and Wei Luo. "On-Machine Profile Measurement of Arc Grinding Wheel in 3-Axis Machine Using Non-Contact Displacement Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 37-38 (November 2010): 773–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.37-38.773.

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Grinding is a processing method that involves duplicating shape accuracy, so the shape accuracy of the grinding wheel plays a crucial role in machining accuracy. However, this accuracy is difficult to obtain. This paper describes an on-machine wheel profile measuring method that uses a non-contact displacement sensor to obtain the shape accuracy of an arc grinding wheel in a 3-axis aspheric surface grinding machine. This method involves data processing with object radius confined filtering, as well as evaluation using the methods of fitting residual error, measurement uncertainty, and machining result simulation. To verify the feasibility of this measuring method, experiments were performed using two diamond grinding wheels (FEPA D91 with grit size 75-90 μm, and FEPA D15 with grit size 10-25 μm). The experimental results indicate that the method is accurate enough to give the arc grinding wheel profile measurement, while the measuring uncertainty is of the same order of magnitude as the grit size (that is, tens of μm). Moreover, the simulation of the grinding effect with wheel profile measurement data can derive the relationship between the wheel profile error and the machining form error, and can be used to instruct the truing time determination for precision grinding.

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Voicu, Adrian Catalin, and Gheorghe I. Gheorghe. "Complex 3D Measuring by Multiple Laser Scanning of Automotive Parts." Advanced Materials Research 837 (November 2013): 511–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.837.511.

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For over 20 years the term"three-dimensional scan"(3D) showed the world the possibilities of virtual design, simulation, or reverse engineering. 3D scanning is also known as 3D digitizing, the name coming from the fact that this is a process that uses a contact or non-contact digitizing probe to capture the objects form and recreate them in a virtual workspace through a very dense network of points (xyz) as a 3D graph representation. Until recently, digitization was limited by the speed of the scan head and the correct choice of the probing system, type of scanned piece and budget for the purchase or develops the scanning system. With the evolution of technology appeared a number of new techniques that tend to improve the properties of classical methods. Even if intended for copying or geometrical control, or rather virtual geometric modelling or product realization, there are two groups of technologies: with contact (classical methods with probes) or without contact (laser, optical or combination). Most automotive manufacturers currently use 3D scan metrology based on optical or laser systems to validate products quality. The pieces are initially measured by 3D scanning then they are compared with the designed model (CAD file) using a specialized software. By this comparison producer can interfere very quickly in the manufacturing process to remove the cause of defects, this technique being called Reverse Engineering (RE). There are many variables that affect accuracy of laser scanning and therefore the quality of information: reflectance of surface, colour object, recesses, openings narrow and sharp edges can be difficult to scan. This accuracy may vary from micron to millimetre and the acquisitions size from a few points to several thousand points per second. The overall accuracy of a 3D acquisition system depends above all on the sensors precision and on the acquisition device (acquisition with contact) or acquisition structure (acquisition without contact). In a perfect world or in an integrated production environment, 3D measuring systems should be able to measure all the necessary parameters in a single step without errors, and to render the results in the same way to the manufacturing networks equipped with computers, in formats useful for machines control and processes management.

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Xie, Xue Dong, Jun Ting Cheng, Wei Ling Zhao, and Sheng Bing Xiao. "The Realization of the Key Technology in Image Capture Based on the Three-Dimensional Grating Surface Measuring Apparatus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 33 (October 2010): 428–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.33.428.

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With the development of the computer vision and information on optics, three-dimensional grating surface measuring apparatus has been increasingly widely used, which is mainly used in industrial inspection, quality control, reverse engineering, virtual reality, cultural reproduction and other areas. It has high precision, fast, non-contact advantages. And the image acquisition system is one of the core and first part of three-dimensional grating surface measuring apparatus, which determines measuring accuracy in the three-dimensional shape. This paper mainly introduces image acquisition system's hardware configuration and software development methods in the apparatus, and finally gives the experimental results.

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Marinova, Teodora L., Vesela Ivancheva, Svilena S. Peeva, and Christina N. Grupcheva. "Comparison of Four Methods for Corneal Thickness Measurement." Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research 6, no. 1 (September 1, 2013): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbcr-2015-0101.

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Summary The aim of the study was to evaluate the thickness of the normal cornea in order to establish correlation between four methods of measuring including: ultrasound pachymetry (USP), anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT), non-contact tono/pachymetry (TONOPACHY) and laser-scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). The study was based on evaluating repeatability and comparability of four different methods formeasuring the corneal thickness. Non contact specular microscopy was first performed on all 27 patients (aged between 20 and 24 years) to evaluate corneal characteristics and confirm the absence of pathological changes. Each participant was examined by USP, ASOCT and TONOPACHY, and 13 eyes of 10 persons were also examined by LSCM. The values of average central corneal thickness measured by USP, ASOCT, TONOPACHY and LSCM were 532.20±4.5 pm, 553.33±12.1 pm, were 548.20±5.62 pm and 573.33±7.22 pm, respectively. There was a high correlation between the instruments. The mean differences for central corneal thickness measurements were 41.43±1.67 pm between USP and LSCM, 20.43±2.4 pm between USP and ASOCT, and 22.1 ±3.88 pm between USB and TONOPACHY. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography overestimated corneal thickness as compared with that measured by USP, which is believed to be a gold standard. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography had better agreement with USP, as compared with LSCM. However, the results of measured cornea thickness by TONOPACHY were very close to cornea thickness measured by ASOCT.

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Golenischev-Kutuzov, A. V., D. A. Ivanov, A. A. Potapov, and V. I. Krotov. "Using contactless methods of diagnostics of high electric fields." Power engineering: research, equipment, technology 21, no. 4 (December 9, 2019): 123–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30724/1998-9903-2019-21-4-123-133.

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In the electric power industry of Russia and abroad, special attention is paid to the problem of an increase in the number of accidents caused by damage to high-voltage insulators in high-voltage equipment. An analysis of emergencies at substations and open switchgears [1- 2, 4] was carried out, which showed that in most cases the causes of damage to high-voltage insulators are natural aging in an applied electric field, overvoltage, and the presence of initial defects in the manufacture of high-voltage insulators. Based on this fact, we developed various methods of non-contact diagnostics of high-voltage insulators in order to identify defects at an early stage of their development. Particular attention was paid to the method of partial discharges because the characteristics of partial discharges provide information on the parameters of defects. The article describes a set of non-contact methods for remote diagnostics of high-voltage insulators; a two-channel method for remote diagnostics of the operating state of high-voltage insulators, based on the registration of partial discharges by electromagnetic and acoustic sensors; a device that allows visual inspection and the search for faulty high-voltage equipment; remote non-contact method for recording electric fields of high tension of industrial frequency, as well as their spatial orientation based on the electro-optical effect. We developed a mock-up of a portable diagnostic device for implementing research methods for high-voltage dielectric elements to diagnose their technical condition using the described complex of non-contact methods. The measuring device as part of a portable diagnostic device consists of a set of sensors for collecting diagnostic information detected by electromagnetic, acoustic and electro-optical sensors and a voltage phase signal applied to the studied highvoltage insulator. The simultaneous use of several sensors at once made it possible to increase the accuracy of localization of partial discharges in high-voltage insulators. Visualization of diagnostic results is possible at the control room in the form of amplitude-phase, frequencyphase and amplitude-frequency diagrams of the distribution of characteristics of partial discharges and on a portable device in the form of radiation intensity from the selected sensor. A portable diagnostic device made it possible in laboratory conditions to study electrophysical processes in various dielectric materials and products under the influence of strong alternating electric fields. A study was made of the features of defects on the rod and the terminal-terminal contact, a diagram of the electrophysical processes accompanying the emission of partial discharges was constructed, and the causes of their occurrence were established.

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Zhou, Zhao Ming, Fu Wan, Lei Wang, Zhang Hua Lian, and Yong Chen. "EMAT for Coiled-Tubing Wall Thickness and Ovality Measuring." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 1903–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.1903.

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This paper presents a new wall thickness and ovality measuring method engineered for reliable field use. This paper describes the electromagnetic ultrasonic technique in coiled tubing detection. This paper describes requirements for Coiled Tubing specifications, which measuring different parameters, some of which include diameter, ovality, and wall thickness. This method not only thickness measurements but also ovality measuring will be made. This article discusses the electromagnetic ultrasonic thickness measurement of the system components, and experimental tests have shown. Ovality measurement sensor layout is designed. This paper discusses the development of this new methods, this system is suitable for non-contact, real-time, on-line high-speed data measurements.

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Fitriyah, Hurriyatul, Eko Setiawan, and Muhammad Rifqi Radifan Masruri. "Applying Linear Regression to Estimate Weight of Non Axi-Symmetric fruit." Journal of Information Technology and Computer Science 5, no. 2 (July 29, 2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.25126/jitecs.202052163.

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Weight is an important parameter in fruits’ quality identification. Measuring fruits’ weight using scale is tedious since fruits must be taken from tree and placed on contact to scale. Many researches have proposed non-contact estimation methods of fruits’ weight using 2D images. The studies were commonly applied in axi-symmetric fruits, such oranges. In this paper, an algorithm to estimate weight of non axi-symmetric fruit is developed. It used a Linear Regression rather than geometric-based methods as proposed by other researches. The non axi-symmetric fruits chosen was star fruits. It is a challenging fruits since its basic shape is not round but irregular star shape. The estimation used pixel count from one-view image of the fruits’ projection as feature. The proposed method has RMSE of 16.322 Gram and MAPE of 7.089% compare to the expected weights. It also has high Coefficient of Determination, R^2, 0.8829 compare to the weight scale measurement.

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García, Jesús Caja, Alfredo Sanz Lobera, Piera Maresca, Teresa Fernández Pareja, and Chen Wang. "Some Considerations about the Use of Contact and Confocal Microscopy Methods in Surface Texture Measurement." Materials 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma11081484.

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Surface metrology employs various measurement techniques, among which there has been an increase of noteworthy research into non-contact optical and contact stylus methods. However, some deeper considerations about their differentiation and compatibility are still lacking and necessary. This work compares the measurement characteristics of the confocal microscope with the portable stylus profilometer instrumentation, from a metrological point of view (measurement precision and accuracy, and complexity of algorithms for data processing) and an operational view (measuring ranges, measurement speed, environmental and operational requirements, and cost). Mathematical models and algorithms for roughness parameters calculation and their associated uncertainties evaluation are developed and validated. The experimental results demonstrate that the stylus profilometer presents the most reliable measurement with the highest measurement speed and the least complex algorithms, while the image confocal method takes advantage of higher vertical and horizontal resolution when compared with the employed stylus profilometer.

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Young, Hong Tsu, and Wei Yen Lin. "3D Micro-Scale Profile Measuring System." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.394.

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An optical non-contact measurement system for micro-scale 3D profiles is developed and analyzed in this research. The core concept of the system is based on Shape-from-Focus method. The methodology and the process of the measurement will be explained in this paper. Briefly, corresponding digital images were taken at different heights with predefined step intervals. The properties of images were enhanced by image processing techniques including discrete Gaussian filtering, histogram equalization and high-boost filtering. Finally, the degree of the focused image was quantified by using Sum-Modified-Laplacian algorithm. The height of each pixel was determined with Gaussian Interpolation. 3D geometry model of the specimens can be reconstructed. This system was verified that it can work on the specimen manufactured by laser beam. Analysis of precision will be revealed and the comparison with other measurement methods will be discussed later.

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Hlebová, Stanislava, Ľubomír Ambriško, and Ladislav Pešek. "Strain Measurement in Local Volume by Non-Contact Videoextensometric Technique on Ultra High Strength Steels." Key Engineering Materials 586 (September 2013): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.586.129.

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The paper presents the results of strain measurement using two methods: videoextensometry (ME46) and digital image correlation (DIC)-ARAMIS. ME46 - allows measuring and monitoring the major and minor strain on a planar surface of a loaded object [1]. Experimental equipment uses a CCD camera for monitoring the process. The software calculates the displacements of contrast dots and subsequently the strain components are obtained. Another method for non-contact measurements is DIC technique; the measurements are done using three-dimensional image correlation system. The system uses two digital high-speed cameras providing a synchronized stereo view of the specimen where speckles are arranged on the surface. The results show the complete strain field during the tests, including details of the strain field when necking develops prior to the failure [2]. Experimental results obtained on ultra high strength automotive steels DP 1000 and 1400M grades during static tensile test are presented in the paper. The outputs of both are deformation maps. Advantages and disadvantages of both methods are compared.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-contact measuring methods'

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