Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-contributory pension

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
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Academic literature on the topic 'Non-contributory pension'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-contributory pension"

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Makochekanwa, Albert, Cheure Cheure, Moses Chundu, and Elisha Mavodyo. "A Informal Sector Self-Employed Workers’ Old Age Pension Scheme in Retail Sector in Zimbabwe." Journal of Social Development Studies 5, no. 1 (2024): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jsds.12026.

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The high incidence of informality in Zimbabwe implies that a large proportion of the adult population does not have access to contributory pension schemes during their working lives, rendering them ineligible for old-age pensions. The primary goal of this research is to develop a pragmatic informal retail sector noncontributory old-age pension scheme in Zimbabwe. The study drew empirical evidence from a comprehensive countrywide study using mixed-methods research. The study concluded that several factors, including the respondents' demographic characteristics, are important considerations in developing an effective non-contributory old-age informal sector pension scheme. Based on the study's findings, the study proposes alternative non-contributory old-age informal sector pension schemes, such as financing the non-contributory old-age social pension, determining the monthly amount of a non-contributory old-age pension, and gradually covering a non-contributory old-age pension gap. The study recommends the introduction of a non-contributory informal sector retirement pension fully funded by the government. Keywords: retail informal sector old-age pension scheme; social security; informal sector; Zimbabwe.
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Шрам, Валерий, and Valeriy Shram. "PENSION INSURANCE REFORM IN CROATIA AT THE PRESENT STAGE." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 1, no. 4 (2015): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14270.

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The article analyzes the pension insurance reform in Croatia, which marked the beginning of a three-level pension system formation. The first level includes old-age pensions, disability pension and survivors pension as part of the compulsory pension insurance system. The second level includes pensions on the basis of the compulsory pension insurance with a saving element. The third level is based on the voluntary pension insurance system. The author reveals the conditions for granting non-contributory pensions, non-contributory pensions with a saving element as well as conditions for granting funded pensions. The article analyses the new formula for calculation of non-contributory (funded) pensions, which was initially introduced as part of the Pension Insurance Law in 1998. The article displays fundamental changes in the pension insurance system, which led to the formation of compulsory pension funds and non-governmental pension funds. Special attention is paid to the formation in compulsory pension funds of capitalized savings of the insured parties as part of the compulsory pension insurance and to the procedures for payment of funded pensions with a saving element. The article reveals the reasons for adopting in 2013 and 2014 of pension laws, the implementation of which will determine the improvement of the pension insurance system in Croatia. The article reviews the conditions for the formation of compulsory and voluntary pension funds. Special attention is paid to the participation of the insured parties aged up to 40 years in compulsory pension funds, which are divided into three categories depending on the extent of risk management during investing of the insured parties’ savings. Besides general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis), the author also applied in the article private law research techniques, in particular, formal logical, theoretical, comprehensive legal, historical and comparative law methods. Scientific novelty of the work is in its integrative and comprehensive approach to the analysis of the Croatian pension system development, which is formed on the basis of a three-level system of pension insurance. The analysis of the pension insurance norms and law enforcement practice in the modern period is of great scientific and practical importance. The research findings should contribute to the development of proposals on the creation in the Russian Federation of a pension system, which is adequate to the country’s modern social-economic development and which complies with the international and legal standards of social security and foreign states’ experience.
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Arza, Camila. "Non-Contributory Benefits, Pension Re-Reforms and the Social Protection of Older Women in Latin America." Social Policy and Society 16, no. 3 (2016): 361–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746416000208.

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Gender inequalities are a key issue for most pension systems in Latin America. Contributory pension schemes that link benefit entitlements to work and earnings tend to reflect in the benefits they offer the gender gaps that prevail in the labour market. This deepened with the implementation of individual private accounts as part of structural pension reforms in a number of countries. This article evaluates how recent pension policies, including measures geared to coverage expansion and so-called pension ‘re-reforms’, have addressed gender gaps in pensions in four Latin American countries. It shows that the expansion of non-contributory pensions and a greater emphasis on redistribution are important for the protection of older women in a context of gendered labour markets and the unequal distribution of paid and unpaid work between women and men. Looking at the cases of Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Chile, the article identifies progress but also the persistence of gender gaps in pensions and emphasises the need for further measures to promote adequate social protection for older women.
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Müller, Katharina. "Post-Socialist Pension Reform: Contributory and Non-Contributory Approaches." Public Finance and Management 5, no. 2 (2005): 287–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397210500500207.

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The pension reforms that were enacted in Central-Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union in the past decade reflect considerable diversity, but share one common feature: a move from a universalist-redistributive heritage to strongly differentiated, earnings-related benefits, with an emphasis on contributory financing. the differences in level and scope of old-age protection are widening, however, as plummeting formal employment translates into sharply decreasing coverage ratios. Thus, the importance of the existing non-contributory benefits for the elderly, that currently play a relatively marginal role in the post-socialist world, may soon be increasing.
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Bassey, Ebong Itoro, Monday Akpakpan, and Nkereuwem Bassey Etok. "Pension Reforms and Pensioners 'Welfare in Nigeria: A Study of Contributory Pension Scheme." International Journal of Contemporary Issues and Trends in Research 1, no. 3 (2023): 42–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10477415.

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<strong>Abstract</strong>This research aims to analyze the influence of contributory pension schemes on the welfare of retirees in Nigeria. The plight of public sectors pensioners who have devotedly served the nation has been a cause of significant concern throughout history. Existing literature on pension reform and workers' welfare in Nigeria's public sectors illustrates the continued hardships faced by pensioners after retirement, despite variousreforms and changes in pension schemes. Regrettably, the newly adopted contributory pension system has failed to provide relief to retirees, resembling its predecessor in shortcomings and leading to a loss of confidence among many retirees regarding the&nbsp;employer insincerity, inaccurate record-keeping leading to corruption, lack of funding and non-payment of pensions, significantly dampening retirees' welfare. Against this&nbsp;backdrop, the study investigates the extent to which the contributory pension reform has impacted the welfare of retirees in selected Federal Establishments in Nigeria. To achieve this objective, the research adopted survey and descriptive research designs, drawing data from both primary and secondary sources. The productive theory of pension developed by Dorsey, Cornwel, and Mapherson in 1998 was utilized as thetheoretical framework. Among the study's findings was the identification of issues such as non-remittance of the 7.7% counterpart contribution by most employers, payment&nbsp; delays, weak administration, lack of record-keeping, and corruption, which reminiscent the major features of the old pension models. As a result, the study recommends, among others, the efficient management of investments in the pension fund to achieve asufficient, robust return on investment, ultimately enhancing the welfare package for retirees in Nigeria.
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Rajevska, Olga. "Theoretical Old-Age Pension Benefits and Replacement Rates in the Baltic States: A Retrospective Simulation." Economics and Business 28, no. 1 (2016): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eb-2016-0002.

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Abstract The author presents a comparative analysis of old-age pension systems in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania using a method of retrospective simulation run on a self-developed model. The model baseline case is a person retiring in December 2014 after 40 years of service with nationwide average salary. Other cases include low and high-earners, funded schemes participants and simulations for modified notional capital valorisation formulae. Three study countries return very dissimilar results, which is caused by differences in their pension systems’ designs. Lack of non-contributory element (basic pension) in Latvia leads to a low degree of progressivity, with inexcusably low pensions to low-earners and excessively generous pensions to high-earners. Participation in funded pillar II schemes has not brought any significant gains to pension plan sharers. Notional capital valorisation rules adopted in different countries that use the NDC-system significantly influence pension amount.
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HILLS, JOHN. "Heading for Retirement? National Insurance, State Pensions, and the Future of the Contributory Principle in the UK." Journal of Social Policy 33, no. 3 (2004): 347–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279404007743.

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This article discusses the implications of the decline of National Insurance in Britain, witnessed by its declining share of social security spending and steady dilution of the ‘contributory principle’ on which it was originally based. This decline is not accidental: under governments of the Left, arguments for inclusion have predominated, non-contributory benefits expanded and contribution conditions softened; under those of the Right, limited resources have been focused on the poorest through means-testing. From this starting point, the strong arguments in principle for social insurance look much weaker. However, there are also reasons why the system has not been swept away, notably the way in which most of it concerns already accrued state pension rights.The effect of current plans for state pensions is to restore something closer to a flat rate state pension, but with significant complexity. The article suggests a way in which a more transparent system could guarantee a total state pension at a fixed percentage of average earnings. Other National Insurance benefits could either be separated from pensions and absorbed within other working age social security, or the scope of National Insurance could be maintained, but based on a test of participation, not past contributions.
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Carmeli, Ayelet. "Labor, Arms, and Homes." Israel Studies Review 38, no. 1 (2023): 74–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/isr.2023.380105.

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Abstract Financial, work-based contributions underly entitlement to pension benefits in Israel. This article examines the historical development of the pension system in Israel, including the pensions of long-term military veterans and Jewish immigrants, expanding the notion of ‘contribution’ beyond its initial meaning of work-based financial accumulation. Specifically, it shows that both before and after the erosion of the union-protected contributory rationale in the 1990s, an alternative path to pension entitlement has operated through non-financial, political-symbolic contributions. The analysis emphasizes the importance of sectoral organizations for the broader analysis of social policy, and for understanding the structure of “social citizenship” and its discriminatory implications in Israel.
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Altamirano, Alvaro, María Laura Oliveri, Mariano Bosch, and Waldo Tapia. "Calculating the redistributive impact of pension systems in Latin America and the Caribbean." Oxford Open Economics 4, Supplement_1 (2025): i510—i533. https://doi.org/10.1093/ooec/odae030.

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Abstract This paper analyzes implicit subsidies in pension systems across Latin America and the Caribbean. First, we find that pension systems are designed to be progressive by granting a higher replacement rate to low-income workers than high-income workers. However, because all systems subsidize pensions beyond what an actuarially fair system would produce, the absolute subsidies are larger for high-income individuals. Second, using data from Colombia, Chile, El Salvador, Paraguay and Uruguay, we show that, in practice, pension systems tend to be regressive rather than progressive. This is because low-income workers, who contribute intermittently, typically receive no pension as they fail to meet the minimum contribution levels. In some defined benefit systems, 70–95% of subsidies are concentrated in the top three labor income deciles. In defined contribution systems, subsidies are less regressive, but 50–60% still concentrate on high-income deciles. Lastly, non-contributory pensions partially offset the regressivity of pension systems.
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Charlton, Roger. "Social Security beyond Pension Reform." Public Finance and Management 5, no. 2 (2005): 354–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152397210500500201.

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This concluding essay expresses optimism over possibilities for the emergence of a new consensus on policies to address the needs of poor older people world-wide as a prioritized element within wider strategies both to close the global social security coverage gap and to reform the management and delivery of social protection. However, it tempers this optimism with caution over prospects for their easy implementation. This caution, in part, stems from the lasting implications of the pensions reform agenda pursued from the mid-1990s which undermined the principles and practice of state-managed contributory social security. Moreover, implementation of ambitious, but also urgently needed, social pension reform programmes designed to extend coverage radically by providing older people in even the poorest countries with small, but regular, cash incomes will not be automatic, and, given existing, well entrenched, donor approaches and arrangements, will require significant amounts of new donor money to be found. Since remedial programmes designed to address the global coverage crisis will be based on non-contributory principles, their adoption threatens further to marginalize already weakened contributory social security institutions. Particular care, therefore, needs to be taken to involve the Geneva institutions if the new era of pension reform is not to repeat the mistakes of its predecessor and, specifically, is to lead to the wider reform and strengthening of social security provision world-wide.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-contributory pension"

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Oliveira, Pedro Rodrigues de. "Impact evaluation of the Brazilian non-contributory pension program BPC (Benefício de Prestações Continuada) on family welfare." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-22032012-091534/.

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This study evaluates the eect of the Benefcio de Prestac~ao Continuada (BPC) program on family welfare. The program is targeted to poor disabled and elderly people providing monthly stipends equal to one monthly minimum wage. The establishment of an age at which the person becomes eligible for the benet created a discontinuity in the probability of being treated which is explored for identication. We developed a procedure to decompose the stipends from social programs using the PNAD dataset, thereby identifying which programs the person participates. Therefore, from 2001 to 2008 we estimate the eect of the BPC on variables such as household composition, labor force participation, weekly worked hours { for the elder and co-residents { besides child labor and school attendance. We found that the program have signicant eects on child labor reduction, on labor force participation for members between 30 and 49 years-old, and on the number of members between 30 and 59 years-old. It was also observed an expected labor force participation reduction for the elderly, but no eects on school attendance of children. No signicant eects on worked hours were found. The complexity of the ndings highlights the need of studying the heterogeneity of social cash transfers, where many latent aspects are yet to be uncovered.<br>Este trabalho faz uma avaliação dos efeitos do programa de assistência social Benefício de Prestação Continuada (BPC) sobre o bem-estar familiar. Destinado a pessoas portadoras de deficiências e idosos em situação de pobreza, o programa provê o benefício de um salário mínimo mensal. O estabelecimento de uma idade a partir da qual a pessoa se torna elegível gera uma descontinuidade na probabilidade de recebimento e que e explorada para fins de identificação. Utilizando dados da PNAD, desenvolveu-se um procedimento para decompor os valores das transferências de programas sociais, identificando quais programas o indivíduo e beneficiário. Assim para o período de 2001 a 2008, estimou-se o efeito do BPC sobre variáveis como a composição domiciliar, participação na forca de trabalho, horas trabalhadas semanalmente { do idoso e dos corresidentes {além de presenca de trabalho infantil e frequência escolar. Encontrou-se que o programa tem efeitos importantes na redução do trabalho infantil, efeitos sobre participação na forca de trabalho de corresidentes entre 30 e 59 anos e sobre o numero de membros no domicílio entre 30 e 49 anos. Também encontrou-se uma esperada redução na participação dos idosos na forca de trabalho, mas não se verificaram efeitos sobre a freqüência escolar infantil. Não se observaram efeitos importantes sobre horas trabalhadas. A complexidade dos efeitos observados evidenciam a necessidade de se estudar a heterogeneidade das transferências sociais, com muitos outros aspectos latentes ainda a serem revelados
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Holub, Martin. "Nepříspěvkové doby v důchodovém systému ČR ? opomíjený prvek transformace důchodového systému." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77207.

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Non contributory periods is one of the key issues in the public discussion on the planned reform of the pension system in the Czech Republic and is being widely discussed by economists, social scientists and political representatives. The PhD thesis focuses on a detailed analysis of non-contributory periods in the Czech pension system and their impact on pension system balance and micro and macro economic connections. It includes an international comparison of non contributory periods and a minute description of one selected non contributory period -- child care in selected European countries. The extent of non contributory periods considered in the pension system represents one of the theoretical possibilities of parametric changes to the pension insurance system. Non contributory periods are taken into account in pension schemes either because the individual is carrying out a non-wage-earning activity beneficial to society or because the individual through no fault of their own finds themselves in an (adverse) social situation which from a humanitarian perspective justifies their participation in pension insurance without making insurance payments. The institution of non contributory periods helps to secure the universality of the pension system, which enables the participation of economically inactive persons in the pension insurance system. The amount of non contributory periods or the proportion between non contributory periods and years worked, or the proportion between paid insurance and non contributory periods (potential loss of insurance contributions) has, to date, merely been estimated in the Czech Republic. This PhD thesis presents the first accurate figures, based on unique individual data on insured persons; methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, simulations were used and statistical methods were applied. The analysis reveals that non contributory periods are a significant element of the Czech pension system amounting to 22.4% of the total insurance period which is unacceptable especially as regards the principle of equivalence. The average duration of non-contributory periods for current pensioners is 8.7 years. The proportion of hypothetical insurance calculated from the average wage at potential total income from insurance was in the observed year 30% or 13% (calculation based on the minimum wage). Non contributory periods in the Czech pension system have a significant impact on its balance. Paying premiums for non contributory periods (included in pension law) would cause a decrease in the contribution rate to 18% (calculation based on the average wage). If non contributory periods were not considered, the potential savings on pensions paid out would be almost CZK 35 billion in the observed year. That represents 16.5% of expenditure on pension payments and more than twice the deficit of the pension insurance account for the observed year. Therefore the author recommends in the thesis the restriction of non contributory periods and the introduction of payments for such non-contributory periods from those people who will be entitled to a pension from such non contributory periods in the future.
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Borrella, Mas Miguel Ángel. "Essays on Applied Microeconometrics." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/53427.

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Mendonça, Anabela Valente de Pinho. "A reforma das pensões e a garantia de rendimento mínimo para os idosos : as experiências de oito países Europeus no período 2000-2016." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14358.

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Mestrado em Economia e Políticas Públicas<br>O objetivo desta dissertação consiste na análise da natureza das reformas das pensões não contributivas realizadas em oito Estados-membros, bem como, na discussão do seu potencial efeito na pobreza dos idosos, no período 2000-2016. O estudo empírico compreende a análise das alterações legislativas subjacentes às referidas reformas, e a caraterização das medidas de reforma no sentido de identificar a maior ou menor restrição na elegibilidade, assim como, a maior ou menor generosidade das pensões. Os resultados permitem concluir que as medidas das reformas das pensões de velhice não contributivas não parecem ter tido um potencial efeito na redução da pobreza dos idosos, apesar dos objetivos subjacentes ao princípio da adequação terem sido concretizados na generalidade.<br>The main goal of this thesis to analyze the nature of the non-contributory pension reforms carried out in eight Member States, as well as to discuss their potential effect on the elderly's poverty during the period 2000-2016. The empirical study includes analyzing the legislative changes underlying these reforms, and characterizing the reform measures in order to identify the greater or lesser restriction on eligibility, as well as the greater or lesser generosity of pensionas. The resultes lead to the conclusion that the non-contributory old-age pension reform measures do not appear to have had a potential effect on the reduction of old-age poverty, although the underlying objectives of the adequacy principle were generally achieved.<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Books on the topic "Non-contributory pension"

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United Nations. Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit, eds. Non-contributory pensions: Bolivia and Antigua in an international context. Naciones Unidas, CEPAL, Special Studies Unit, Executive Secretariat Office, 2006.

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Samūha, Nepāla Sahabhāgīmūlaka Kārya, and HelpAge International, eds. The effectiveness of non-contributory social pension in Nepal: Participatory research report. Nepal Participatory Action Network and HelpAge International, London, 2010.

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Razavi, Shahra, Umberto Cattaneo, Helmut Schwarzer, and Andrea Visentin. Combating inequalities. ILO, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54394/eoay4970.

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The primary aim of this study is to provide evidence regarding the impact of social protection benefits, taxes and social security contributions in reducing income inequalities. The study employs a well-established methodology to estimate the partial redistributive effect of contributory and non-contributory pensions, family benefits, unemployment benefits, sickness and employment injury benefits, disability benefits, social security contributions, as well as income and property taxes. The partial redistributive effect corresponds to the percentage decrease in the Gini coefficient that is attributable to each social protection benefit and tax. The main data input is microdata from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS). The evidence presented shows that social protection benefits, and its financing through taxes and social security contributions, are effective policy measures for reducing income inequalities. On average countries that spend more on social protection are those that experience larger reductions in income inequality. The paper concludes with practical recommendations on how to finance and design social protection systems that reduce inequalities, as well as ideas for future research in this area..
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Nie, Aixia. Fei jiao fei xing yang lao jin: Zheng ce qu shi ji Zhongguo si kao = Non-contributory pensions : policy trends and implications to China. Zhongguo she hui ke xue chu ban she, 2020.

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Schwarzer, Helmut, and Ana Carolina Querino. Non-Contributory Pensions in Brazil: The Impact on Poverty Reduction. International Labour Organisation (ILO), 2002.

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Nations, United. Non-contributory Pensions: Bolivia And Antigua in an International Context (Financiamiento Del Desarrollo). United Nations, 2006.

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Arza, Camila. The expansion of economic protection for older adults in Latin America : Key design features of non-contributory pensions. UNU-WIDER, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2017/253-3.

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Bergthaller, Martina. Driving Forces Behind Universal Non-Contributory Old Age Pensions in Developing Countries and the Role of International Actors. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Non-contributory pension"

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Špadina, Helga. "Migrants’ Access to Social Protection in Croatia." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51241-5_5.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on migrants’ access to social protection in Croatia by providing an in-depth analysis of social entitlements in the area of family benefits, pension insurance, unemployment benefits, health care and social welfare benefits. By highlighting the partial harmonization of the national social legislation to the EU acquis, the chapter puts forward the still limited scope of social rights of EU nationals, even several years after Croatia’s accession to the EU. Non-EU nationals have even more limited access to social rights, and they do not enjoy the full scope of family benefits, the right to social housing or other specific social rights, including unemployment benefits and contributory pensions. The chapter also sheds light to on-going discussions on reform of the social system in Croatia, with possible changes of the entitlement to the national pension and family benefits reform.
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Minteguiaga, Analía, and Valerie Carmel. "Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Ecuador." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_6.

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AbstractFormal labour and affiliation to Ecuador’s social security system is the main gateway for access to social protection benefits, especially in the case of migrants. However, a large informal labour market and low levels on inclusion in the social security system forces large sectors of society to rely on family and community arrangements for the management of risk and economic uncertainty. The state provides some non-contributory benefits through cash transfer programs but, with the exception of health care, these only cover people living in conditions of extreme poverty. Universal, non-means tested programs are limited to the public health and education systems. Overall, migrants face several obstacles to access social protection benefits. Gaining the right to work legally is mostly reserved for white-collar and highly educated immigrants, excluding impoverished immigrants. Paired to the inability to access labour-related benefits and government programs for the so-called poor, immigrants lack the safety nets provided by extended family and a community setting. Nationals residing abroad have restricted access to social benefits, having access only to the contributory pension system on a voluntary basis. This chapter discusses the social protection system in Ecuador and focuses on eligibility criteria to show the extent of migrants’ access to the social benefits.
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Carmona Barrenechea, Verónica, Giuseppe M. Messina, and Mora Straschnoy. "Access to Social Protection by Immigrants, Emigrants and Resident Nationals in Argentina." In IMISCOE Research Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51237-8_2.

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AbstractThis chapter discusses the level and quality of social protection granted to legally residing migrant workers in Argentina and national citizens residing abroad in five main policy areas: unemployment, health, pensions, family benefits and guaranteed minimum resources. After an overview of recent evolutions in Argentina’s Social Security and migration policy, we analyze each policy area in order to identify the necessary eligibility requirements for accessing social benefits or services. Our findings show that, in general, the contributory logic prevails over nationality for Social Security benefits. In the case of non-contributory programs, we observe a regime that is generally less generous in quantitative and qualitative terms, and even more restricted for migrants. Despite this, Argentina’s immigration policy is relatively open, especially for migrants from the region, while certain fundamental rights (such as health and education) are guaranteed to all migrants (regardless of their migratory status).
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"Honduras: Challenges of constructing a non-contributory pension system." In ECLAC Books. United Nations, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210022613c010.

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"Peru: Opportunities to strengthen the non-contributory pension system." In ECLAC Books. United Nations, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210022613c008.

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"6. An Exploration of a Universal Non-contributory Pension Scheme in Vietnam." In Older Persons in Southeast Asia. ISEAS Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/9789812309457-012.

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"Dominican Republic: Progress and challenges in implementing the non-contributory pension system." In ECLAC Books. United Nations, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210022613c009.

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"Argentina: The situation of non-contributory pension systems and the challenges confronting them." In ECLAC Books. United Nations, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210022613c007.

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"The future of non-contributory pension systems in Latin America and the Caribbean." In ECLAC Books. United Nations, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210022613c012.

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"Non-contributory pension systems in comprehensive pension models: Conceptual framework, background, challenges and opportunities in the current context." In ECLAC Books. United Nations, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18356/9789210022613c003.

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Reports on the topic "Non-contributory pension"

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Gertler, Paul, Sebastián Galiani, and Rosangela Bando. Non-contributory pensions. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011635.

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The creation of non-contributory pension schemes is becoming increasingly common as countries struggle to reduce poverty. Drawing on data from Mexico's Adultos Mayores Program (Older Adults Program) --a cash transfer scheme aimed at rural adults over 70 years of age-- we evaluate the effects of this program on the well-being of the beneficiary population. Exploiting a quasi-experimental design whereby the program relies on exogenous geographical and age cutoffs to identify its target group, we find that the mental health of elderly adults in the program is significantly improved, as their score on the Geriatric Depression Scale decreases by 12%. We also find that the proportion of treated individuals doing paid work is reduced by 20%, with most of these people switching from their former activities to work in family businesses; treated households show higher levels of consumption expenditures (on average, an increase of 23%). Very importantly, we also rule out significant anticipation effects that might have been associated with the program transfers. Thus, overall, we find that non-contributory pension schemes target to the poor in developing countries can improve the well-being of poor older adults without having any indirect impact (through potential anticipation effects) on the earnings or savings of future program participants.
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Bando, Rosangela, Sebastián Galiani, and Paul Gertler. Another Brick on the Wall: On the Effects of Non-Contributory Pensions on Material and Subjective Well Being. Inter-American Development Bank, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003082.

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Public expenditures on non-contributory pensions are equivalent to at least 1 percent of GDP in several countries in Latin America and is expected to increase. We explore the effect of non-contributory pensions on the well-being of the beneficiary population by studying the "Pensiones Alimentarias" program established by law in Paraguay, which targets older adults living in poverty. Households with a beneficiary increased their level of consumption by 44 percent. The program improved subjective well-being in 0.48 standard deviations. These effects are consistent with the findings of Bando, Galiani and Gertler (2020) and Galiani, Gertler and Bando (2016) in their studies on the non-contributory pension schemes in Peru and Mexico. Thus, we conclude that the effects of non-contributory pensions on well-being in Paraguay are comparable to those found for Peru and Mexico and add to the construction of external validity.
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Bosch, Mariano, and Jarret Guajardo. Labor Market Impacts of Non-Contributory Pensions: The Case of Argentina's Moratorium. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011422.

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Argentina had traditionally enjoyed one of the highest elderly coverage rates in Latin America. However, since the mid-1990s coverage rates started a steady decline, especially for low income workers. In response, the Argentine government implemented a series of sweeping reforms in the mid-2000s. Central to these reforms was a program known as the 'Moratorium,' which allowed workers of retirement age to receive a pension regardless of whether they had completed the full 30 years of required social security contributions through formal employment. This paper studies the labor market effects of this reform. Using Argentina's Continuous Permanent Household Survey (EPHC), we employ a difference-in-difference technique to compare elderly individuals just above and below the retirement age, before and after the pension reform.
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Castro, Rubén, Leonardo González, Ignacio Schiappacasse, and Juan Tapia. The Impact of Covid-19 on Pensions due to Early Withdrawals of Pension Savings. Inter-American Development Bank, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004517.

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The Chilean pension system was hit hard during 2020-2021 by the withdrawal of 25 per cent of the individual pensions funds accumulated by 2019, an amount equivalent to 20 per cent of Chiles GDP. We estimate here the impact of those withdrawals on new pension allowances, using a combination of official data sets and the IDB model for the actuarial projection of pensions, including its heterogeneity matrix, to simulate the distribution of pension impacts. The withdrawal impact decreases in new retirees of future years until disappearing around the year 2065. We estimate respective impacts of about 31 percent and 37 percent for males and females new self-financed pensions around the year 2022, which goes to about 56 percent among the third of the affiliates with the lowest savings. However, we found that the recent increase in non-contributory pensions more than counteracted this impact for roughly 90 percent of 2022 new retirees. Regarding labor markets shocks, we found only a moderate role for them in the long-term evolution of the pension system, as we also found to be the case of seven Caribbean countries (Cuba, Haiti, Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Bahamas and Barbados). As an overall conclusion, we recommend studying contribution rates, because low-salary workers attain a substantial replacement rate with just the non-contributory pension, which casts doubt on whether a mandatory contribution is appropriate for them.
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Alonso, Jorge, Catalina Amuedo-Dorantes, and Laura Juárez. The Effect of Non-contributory Pensions on Saving in Mexico. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011764.

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This paper examines the effects of non-contributory pension programs at the federal and state levels on Mexican households' saving patterns using micro data from the Mexican Income and Expenditure Survey. The federal program by itself appears to reduce the saving rate of households whose oldest member is either 18 to 54 or 65 to 69. State programs by themselves have no significant effects on household saving rates in the smallest localities, but in larger localities they may reduce the saving of households with members in their sixties. The combination of both types of programs generally does not have statistically significant effects on households' aggregate saving, probably because each program seems to affect different population strata. No significant effects are found for households whose oldest member is age-eligible (70 and older). Within specific investment categories, evidence is found of increases in human capital and in durable and financial goods for some age groups. Finally, the paper provides evidence on household-level labor supply responses.
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Rodríguez, Aarón Salinas, Betty Manrique Espinoza, Karla Margarita Moreno Tamayo, et al. Impact evaluation of the non-contributory social pension programme 70 y más in Mexico. International Initiative for Impact Evaluation, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/ow31229.

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7

Bellés-Obrero, Cristina, Giulia La Mattina, and Han Ye. Social Pensions and Intimate Partner Violence against Older Women. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013209.

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The prevalence and determinants of intimate partner violence (IPV) among older women are severely understudied. This paper documents that the incidence of IPV remains high at old ages and provides the first evidence of the impact of access to income on IPV for older women. We leverage a Mexican reform that lowered the eligibility age for a non-contributory pension and a difference-in-differences approach. Women's eligibility for the pension increases their probability of being subjected to economic, psychological, and physical IPV. The estimated effects are found only among women in the short-term and are more pronounced for women who experienced family violence in childhood and those from poorer households. In contrast, we show that IPV does not increase when men become eligible for the non-contributory pension. Looking at potential mechanisms, we find suggestive evidence that men use violence as a tool to control women's resources. Additionally, women reduce paid employment after becoming eligible for the pension, which may result in more time spent at home and greater exposure to violent partners.
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8

Mena, Gary, and Werner L. Hernani-Limarino. Intended and Unintended Effects of Unconditional Cash Transfers: The Case of Bolivia's Renta Dignidad. Inter-American Development Bank, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011709.

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This document presents a quasi-experimental impact evaluation of Bolivia's Renta Dignidad, a universal and non-contributory old age pension. Causal effects on direct, future, and indirect beneficiaries are identified, taking advantage of a reduction in age of eligibility from 65 to 60 years in December 2007. Differencein- difference and changes-in-changes approaches are used to calculate average and quantile treatment effects. For women, non-contributory pensions have, on average, increased their households' non-labor income. This has decreased their labor supply and labor earnings, in turn decreasing households' labor income and thus reducing, ceteris paribus, the program's effect on total per capita household income. Unexpectedly, the program did not have significant effects on men's welfare, investments and labor market outcomes. The results also suggest that additional resources were neither consumed nor invested in health, education, or the purchase of durables. Households most likely held the additional resources and invested in dwelling improvements.
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Altamirano Montoya, Álvaro, María Laura Oliveri, Mariano Bosch, and Waldo Tapia Troncoso. Calculating the Redistributive Impact of Pension Systems in LAC. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005231.

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This paper examines the implicit subsidies within pension systems across Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. We first calculate the theoretical benefits of pension for hypothetical workers in 25 countries in LAC. We show that, on average, LAC's pension systems are subsidized, as they provide pensions above what workers would have obtained by investing pension contributions in a safe asset. Similarly, pension systems are designed to be progressive by offering higher replacement rates (pensions relative to earnings) for low-income workers. Despite this progressivity, in some countries, absolute subsidies could be higher for high-income workers. This occurs because the cost of one percentage point of the replacement increases with the average pension. Second, using data from social protection surveys, we estimate the incidence of pension systems in five LAC countries. We show that, on average, all five systems provide important subsidies to those workers who obtain a pension. However, given the high levels of informal work, in some countries, those subsidies are highly concentrated among high-income workers. Variation is large across countries. The three highest labor income deciles concentrate 70-95% of all subsidies in defined benefit systems such as Paraguay and Colombia. In defined contribution systems, subsidies are much more progressive, but still, because low-income workers do not qualify for minimum pensions, between 50-60% of subsidies concentrate in the high-income deciles. Countries like Chile, with explicit subsidies targeted at the bottom of the income distribution, obtain a more progressive distribution of subsidies. Because of relatively low participation rates, women have a weaker link with the pension system. They are also less likely to benefit from implicit subsidies. Finally, we show that non-contributory pensions, if well-targeted, largely improve the redistributive properties of pension systems in LAC.
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Galiani, Sebastian, Paul Gertler, and Rosangela Bando. Non-Contributory Pensions. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19775.

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