Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-Conventional Hydrocarbons

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Non-Conventional Hydrocarbons'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-Conventional Hydrocarbons"

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Jumiati, Wiwiek, David Maurich, Andi Wibowo, and Indra Nurdiana. "The Development of Non-Conventional Oil and Gas in Indonesia." Journal of Earth Energy Engineering 9, no. 1 (April 19, 2020): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/jeee.2020.4074.

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Oil and gas fuel from unconventional types of reservoirs was the development of alternative sources in addition to oil and gas fuels from conventional type reservoirs that can be obtained to meet domestic needs. The development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs has developed rapidly outside Indonesia, such as in North America and Canada. One type of unconventional oil and gas reservoir was obtained from shale rock reservoirs. Hydrocarbon shale produced from shale formations, both source from rock and reservoir. This unconventional hydrocarbon has a big potential to be utilized. In this study, an analysis of the development of unconventional oil and gas from Shale Hydrocarbons carried out in Indonesia. This research included the distribution of shale reservoir basins, the number of unconventional shale reservoir resources, factors affecting the development of unconventional oil and gas in shale reservoirs in Indonesia, efforts made by the government to promote exploration activities, exploitation of shale reservoirs in Indonesia, and existing regulations for non-conventional oil and gas. The development of unconventional oil and gas reservoir shale needed to be developed immediately and will attract investors to meet domestic needs for renewable energy needs. From the geological data obtained, there were 6 basins and 11 formations that analyzed for commercialization. Tanjung and Batu Kelau Formation was a prospect formation from 4 desired data categories. In terms of regulation, it still needed improvement to increase the interest of upstream oil and gas entrepreneurs in the unconventional oil and gas shale reservoir. Research in the field of unconventional oil and gas exploitation technology for hydrocarbon shale needed to be improved.
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Clerici, A., and G. Alimonti. "Oil shale, shale oil, shale gas and non-conventional hydrocarbons." EPJ Web of Conferences 98 (2015): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20159803001.

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Morales González, Jessica, Manuel Pardo-Echarte, and Osvaldo Rodríguez-Morán. "Possible gaso-petroleum occurrence from non-seismic and non-conventional exploration methods in the Central Basin, Cuba." Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, no. 47 (January 1, 2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rbct.n47.82641.

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In various geological situations, seismic data provides little information about whether a trap contains hydrocarbons. It is well documented that the generality of hydrocarbon accumulations has predominantly vertical microfiltration. The use of non-seismic and non-conventional exploration methods, integrated with geological and seismic data, enables a better evaluation of prospects and exploration risk; such is the purpose of the investigation. The general objective was to map possible new gaso-petroleum targets that support exploration in the study region. The cartography of the areas of interest would be based on the presence of the indicator anomalies: gravimetric, aeromagnetic and airborne gamma spectrometric. In addition, a 2D model of the potential fields of the Jatibonico oilfield was designed to validate the hypothesis that the magnetic maximums reduced to the pole are the cartographic expression of the continental margin carbonate uplifts. The results indicate that the anomalous complex of the Cristales oilfield is reproduced in the location of La Vigía, which manifests as a preserved occurrence, according to the results of recognition by the Redox Complex.
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Cienfuegos-Suárez, Pablo, Rocío García-Menéndez, Efrén García-Ordiales, and Jorge Enrique Soto-Yen. "Use & Re-Use of Water Resources in the Exploration Non-Conventional Hydrocarbons." Proceedings 2, no. 23 (November 2, 2018): 1405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2231405.

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The water cycle in hydraulic fracturing shows five stages that includes, from the water supply, the manufacture of the fracturing fluid, the injection, recovery of the flowback and water produced, and the management of the same. Finally, the case applied in the Asturian coal basin (ACCB) is analyzed for the development of the exploration and production of methane gas from coal layers (CBM).
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Madon, Mazlan. "Exploration And Exploitation Of Non-Living Natural Resources On The Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles: A Status Review." Bulletin Of The Geological Society Of Malaysia 70, no. 1 (November 30, 2020): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7186/bgsm70202002.

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Activities by coastal States in relation to the exploration and exploitation of non-living natural resources (namely hydrocarbons and deep-sea minerals) on the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (M) from their territorial sea baselines are reviewed. Geological conditions dictate such that hydrocarbons are likely to occur where there are thick accumulations of sediments (at least 2-3 km is needed for organic matter to generate significant amounts of hydrocarbons), whereas deep-sea minerals are found on or beneath the seabed of the deep oceans, which are generally “starved” of sediment. Thus, in general, sites for hydrocarbon exploration and for deep-sea mineral exploration are unlikely to overlap. On a ‘normal’ geological shelf with an average width of say ~60-100 km, hydrocarbon exploration is carried out generally within the 200 M limit of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the coastal State. Within the last decade, however, necessitated by depleting resources in the shallow waters of the shelf and slope, exploration has gradually moved from the geological shelf (water depth typically < 200 m) further out into deeper waters, and in some cases, beyond the 200 M limit. Thus far, only in a few places is oil and gas exploration being carried out on the continental shelf beyond 200 M. Examples include Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Argentina and Canada. Such activities mainly involve geological and geophysical investigations and assessment of the hydrocarbon potential, while some have resulted in commercial production. Besides the conventional hydrocarbons (oil and gas), continental margin sediments may also host significant accumulations of gas hydrates, which are regarded as a potentially important energy resource of the future. Along non-polar continental margins, gas hydrates are generally found beneath the continental slope and the continental rise, i.e. beyond the continental shelf proper, in water depths typically greater than 500 m but still mainly within 200 M of the territorial sea baselines. Where the continental margin is exceptionally wide, however, gas hydrates may occur in areas beyond the 200 M limit, on the extended continental shelf.
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Trujillo-Rodríguez, María J., Omprakash Nacham, Kevin D. Clark, Verónica Pino, Jared L. Anderson, Juan H. Ayala, and Ana M. Afonso. "Magnetic ionic liquids as non-conventional extraction solvents for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons." Analytica Chimica Acta 934 (August 2016): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.014.

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Powell, T. G., C. J. Boreham, D. M. McKirdy, B. H. Michaelsen, and R. E. Summons. "PETROLEUM GEOCHEMISTRY OF THE MURTA MEMBER, MOOGA FORMATION, AND ASSOCIATED OILS, EROMANGA BASIN." APPEA Journal 29, no. 1 (1989): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj88015.

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An investigation has been made of the source potential, degree of maturation and hydrocarbon composition of selected oils and sediments in the Murta Member in ATP 267P and the Moomba and Napacoongee- Murteree Blocks (PEL 5 and 6), Eromanga Basin. Shales in the Murta Member contain low amounts (up to 2.5% TOC) of terrestrial oil- prone organic matter (Types II–III) which consists predominantly of sporinite, lipto- detrinite and inertinite with lower amounts of vitrinite, although some samples contain relatively abundant telalginite. Extractable hydrocarbon yields demonstrate that parts of the Murta Member are effective source rocks at present maturation levels, which are at the threshold of the conventional oil window (vitrinite reflectance = 0.5- 0.6% Ro).Oils from Murta reservoirs in ATP 267P (Kihee, Nockatunga and Thungo) all show the characteristics found by previous analyses of many Murta oils, namely paraffinic, low wax, and high pristane- to- phytane ratios. In contrast Murta oils from Limestone Creek and Biala are waxy. All oils show chemical evidence of generation at relatively low maturation levels. Gas chromatograms of the saturate fractions from the best source facies show the same characteristics noted for the low- wax oils. Samples with lower source potential in contrast contain relatively abundant waxy n- alkanes. Methylphenan- threne Indices and biomarker maturation indicators obtained from the oils show the same values as were measured on sediment samples from the Murta. Hence the oils could not have been derived from deeper, more mature source rocks. The distribution of biomarkers in the low- wax oils is also consistent with an origin from the Murta Member. A corresponding source facies for the high- wax oils has not yet been located. However, chemical maturation indices also suggest a source in the Murta Member or in immediately adjacent strata.The unusual circumstances represented by the Murta oils (low maturity, low- wax terrestrial oils) provide evidence for bacterial contribution to the source material for non- marine oils. Both the low- wax oils and the best source facies contain abundant hydrocarbons derived from bacterial precursors. This bacterial organic matter appears to yield hydrocarbons at an earlier stage of maturation than the predominantly terrestrial plant and algal organic matter with which it is associated. In the case of the Murta Member there are sufficient hydrocarbons generated at relatively low maturity to allow migration to occur. Chemical evidence suggests a low contribution from algal organic matter to the generated hydrocarbons.
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Polyakova, T. V. "Prospects for the North America’ shale hydrocarbons development." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 1(34) (February 28, 2014): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-1-34-97-105.

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An entire generation of American politicians were concerned about the growing U.S. dependence on imported oil and natural gas. However, in the last few years the situation has changed dramatically: there was started the development of not only the resources of shale gas, but shale oil. As a result in political and economic circles they began to talk about it as the most significant breakthrough in the energy resources development since the oil boom in Texas in the late 1920s. How large are these resources? What problems have to be overcome if the available potential will be realized? How will this problems affect the U.S. energy policy? Concerns about the adequacy of regulation, in particular the environmental issues associated with the non-conventional hydrocarbons production, have led to the internal public debate on the impact of unconventional oil and gas resources mining boom. One thing is clear: significant amounts of additional oil and gas supplies in the U.S. will have far-reaching political consequences for the world. The article presents the different points of view on the prospects for oil and gas production in North America, as well as on the political issues related to it.
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Long, Jian, Lin Li, Yueming Jin, Hao Sun, Yunhai Zheng, and Senlin Tian. "Synergistic solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by mixed micelles composed of a photoresponsive surfactant and a conventional non-ionic surfactant." Separation and Purification Technology 160 (February 2016): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.01.010.

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McTaggart-Cowan, G. P., S. N. Rogak, P. G. Hill, S. R. Munshi, and W. K. Bushe. "The effects of fuel dilution in a natural-gas direct-injection engine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 222, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544070jauto705.

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This study reports the effects of fuelling a heavy-duty single-cylinder research engine with pilot-ignited late-cycle direct-injected natural gas diluted with 0, 20, and 40 per cent nitrogen. The combustion duration is unaffected while its intensity is reduced and its stability is increased. Emissions of nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, hydrocarbons, and carbon monoxide are all reduced, with no effect on the engine's performance and efficiency. The results indicate the benefits of increased in-cylinder turbulence and are of particular relevance when considering fuel composition variations with non-conventional sources of gaseous fuels.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-Conventional Hydrocarbons"

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Garrido, de las Heras Santiago, and Vega David Antón. "The Adaptation of the Normative to Regulate the Fracking Technique: the Spanish Case." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118682.

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The authors bring us a general approximation of the regulatory model related to hydrocarbon exploration and production activities in Spain. In this sense, the analysis is focused in the increased use of the hydraulic fracturing technique, better known as «fracking». In particular, the authors analyze the case of the refusal of some Spanish Autonomous Communities regarding the implementation of this technique and how the Central Government has faced that opposition.
Los autores nos brindan una aproximación general al modelo regulatorio de las actividades de exploración y producción de hidrocarburos en España. En ese sentido, centran su análisis en el uso, cada vez más extendido, de la técnica de la fractura hidráulica, más conocida como fracking. En particular, analizan el caso de la negativa de algunas Comunidades Autónomas españolas respecto a la implementación de esta técnica y cómo ha afrontado el Gobierno Central dicha oposición.
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Etienne-Greenwood, Tobias. "Sociologie du militantisme anti-extractivisme. Le cas des mobilisations contre l’exploitation d’hydrocarbures dans les provinces de Neuquén et de Mendoza, Argentine." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU1085.

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Cette thèse se propose d’analyser l’expérience du militantisme anti-extractivisme à travers le cas des mobilisations socioenvironnementale contre le projet d’exploitation de la formation d’hydrocarbures non conventionnels de Vaca Muerta dans les provinces de Neuquén et Mendoza, ainsi que dans les zones contiguës de l’Alto Valle du río Negro et du Cuyo, en Argentine. Les données collectées à partir de la consultation des documentations militantes, d’une cinquantaine d’entretien semi-directifs et par le biais d’observation in situ, ont permis de reconstituer les enjeux de ce conflit socio-environnemental en même temps que les formes d’actions et les raisons d’agir des militants. Depuis une décennie environ, diverses organisations et collectifs s’opposent à l’expansion de ce front pionnier extractiviste, s’engagent pour la préservation de l’environnement et défendent des « mondes de la vie quotidienne ». En effet, les militants contestent le déploiement d’un système technicien dont les logiques marchande et industrielle sont en inadéquation avec leurs expériences ordinaires,pratiques et affectives qu’ils font de leurs entours. En plus d’étudier certaines dimensions de cette controverse sociotechnique,notamment l’utilisation de la technologie de fracturation hydraulique (ou fracking), ces travaux de thèse font le pari de décaler le regard sur l’extractivisme et ses contestations en se concentrant également sur les dimensions sensibles de l’engagement. Ils tentent ainsi de rendre compte d’un aspect délaissé de ces mobilisations anti-extractivisme : le quotidien sur lequel elles reposent
This thesis proposes to analyse the experience of anti-extractivism activism based on the socio-environmental mobilisation against the exploitation of the non-conventional hydrocarbon formation of Vaca Muerta in the provinces of Neuquén and Mendoza, as well as in the contiguous areas of the Alto Valle of the río Negro and Cuyo, in Argentina. The data collected via consultation of documentation provided by militants, circa fifty semi-directive interviews and further in situ observations,made it possible to reconstitute what is at stake in this socio-environmental conflict as well as the forms of action and the reasons for acting of the activists. For close to a decade, various organisations and collectives have continued to oppose the expansion of this extractivist frontier, and are committed to environmental conservation and the defense of the "worlds of everyday life". Indeed, the activists contest the deployment of a technological system in which market and industrial logics are out of step with their ordinary, practical and emotional experiences and surroundings. In addition to examining certain dimensions of this socio-technical controversy, including the use of hydraulic fracturation technology (or fracking), this study draws attention to the sensitive dimensions of engagement. It seeks to bring to the forefront a neglected aspect of these antiextractivism mobilisations: the everyday life from which they spring
Esta tesis propone analizar la experiencia del activismo antiextractivismo a través del caso de las movilizaciones socioambientales contra el proyecto de explotación de la formación de hidrocarburíos no convencionales de Vaca Muerta en las provincias de Neuquén y Mendoza, así como en las zonas contiguas del Alto Valle del río Negro y del Cuyo, en Argentina. Los datos recogidos a partir de la consulta de la documentación de los militantes, de unas cincuenta entrevistas semidirectivas y de la observación in situ, permitieron reconstruir lo que está en juego en este conflicto socioambiental, así como las formas de actuar y los motivos de la acción de los militantes. Desde hace aproximadamente una década, diversas organizaciones y colectivos se oponen a la expansión de este frente extractivista, están comprometidos con la preservacióndel medio ambiente y defienden « mundos de la vida cotidiana ». De hecho, los activistas están desafiando el despliegue de un sistema técnico cuya lógicas de mercado e industrial están desfasadas con la experiencia ordinaria, práctica y emocional que tienen de su entorno. Además de estudiar ciertas dimensiones de esta controversia sociotécnica, incluyendo el uso de la tecnología de fractura hidráulica (o fracking), estos trabajos de tesis apuntan a cambiar el enfoque del extractivismo y su contestación concentrándose también en las dimensiones sensibles de este ompromiso. Así, intentan dar cuenta de un aspecto descuidado de estas movilizaciones antiextractivistas: la vida cotidiana en la que se basan
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Books on the topic "Non-Conventional Hydrocarbons"

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Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry., ed. Energy-power, hydrocarbon and non conventional energy sources: An industry report. New Delhi: Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & industry, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Non-Conventional Hydrocarbons"

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"Non-Conventional Hydrocarbon Liquids, Production, and Transportation." In Hydrocarbon Liquid Transmission Pipeline and Storage Systems, 295–346. ASME Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.860007.ch6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Non-Conventional Hydrocarbons"

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Scenna, Richard, and Ashwani K. Gupta. "Preheats Effect on Distributed Reaction Fuel Reforming." In ASME 2015 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2015-49039.

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Conventional non-catalytic fuel reforming provides low efficiency, large amounts of char and tar and limited control on chemical composition of the syngas produced. In this paper volume distributed reaction technique is used to enhance reformate quality as compared to conventional reforming that uses non-catalytic reforming. Reforming of middle distillate fuels typically utilize preheats of 300–600°C[1,2]. This work investigates the intermediate regimes between volume distributed reaction regime and conventional flame regime for the reforming of JP8 through the chemical and mixing time scale. The results showed that reformate concentrations of fixed gases and most low molecular weight hydrocarbons changed gradually with air preheats. Reaction regime did not drastically change reformate products except for acetylene. In conventional flame regime acetylene concentration rapidly increased upon on entering the reactor.
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Foster, T. J., and C. W. Wilson. "Detailed Chemical Modelling Predictions of Emissions From a Reheated Gas Turbine Engine With Application to Future Supersonic Aircraft." In ASME 1997 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-370.

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The exhaust plumes of modern gas turbine engines are of great concern due to the emission of atmospheric pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, unburnt hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and visibility caused by the presence of black carbonaceous smoke and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) giving rise to a new plume visibility phenomena of “yellow smoke”. A detailed hydrocarbon oxidation and NOx scheme was used to simulate chemical reactions occurring through the gas turbine engine and near-field plume. In addition limited experimental measurements have been made directly behind a reheated gas turbine engine to measure gaseous emissions and to quantify the rate of conversion of nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide. Two experimental methods were employed to measure emissions; the first a conventional probe technique, the second a non-intrusive method. Results show a fair agreement between experimental data and predicted emissions, showing the maximum conversion of NO to NO2 at low reheat fuel flowrates. These detailed results can be used as an input to atmospheric modelling codes.
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Schrynemeeckers, Rick. "Acquire Ocean Bottom Seismic Data and Time-Lapse Geochemistry Data Simultaneously to Identify Compartmentalization and Map Hydrocarbon Movement." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/30975-ms.

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Abstract Current offshore hydrocarbon detection methods employ vessels to collect cores along transects over structures defined by seismic imaging which are then analyzed by standard geochemical methods. Due to the cost of core collection, the sample density over these structures is often insufficient to map hydrocarbon accumulation boundaries. Traditional offshore geochemical methods cannot define reservoir sweet spots (i.e. areas of enhanced porosity, pressure, or net pay thickness) or measure light oil or gas condensate in the C7 – C15 carbon range. Thus, conventional geochemical methods are limited in their ability to help optimize offshore field development production. The capability to attach ultrasensitive geochemical modules to Ocean Bottom Seismic (OBS) nodes provides a new capability to the industry which allows these modules to be deployed in very dense grid patterns that provide extensive coverage both on structure and off structure. Thus, both high resolution seismic data and high-resolution hydrocarbon data can be captured simultaneously. Field trials were performed in offshore Ghana. The trial was not intended to duplicate normal field operations, but rather provide a pilot study to assess the viability of passive hydrocarbon modules to function properly in real world conditions in deep waters at elevated pressures. Water depth for the pilot survey ranged from 1500 – 1700 meters. Positive thermogenic signatures were detected in the Gabon samples. A baseline (i.e. non-thermogenic) signature was also detected. The results indicated the positive signatures were thermogenic and could easily be differentiated from baseline or non-thermogenic signatures. The ability to deploy geochemical modules with OBS nodes for reoccurring surveys in repetitive locations provides the ability to map the movement of hydrocarbons over time as well as discern depletion affects (i.e. time lapse geochemistry). The combined technologies will also be able to: Identify compartmentalization, maximize production and profitability by mapping reservoir sweet spots (i.e. areas of higher porosity, pressure, & hydrocarbon richness), rank prospects, reduce risk by identifying poor prospectivity areas, accurately map hydrocarbon charge in pre-salt sequences, augment seismic data in highly thrusted and faulted areas.
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Saniere, Armelle Anne, and Frederic Thibault Lantz. "World-wide Economic Analysis Of The Non Conventional Supply Based On A Modelling Approach." In Hydrocarbon Economics and Evaluation Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/107672-ms.

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Telang, Aseem, Dennis Witmer, Chuen-Sen Lin, Jack Schmid, Thomas Johnson, and Tristan Kenny. "Testing of Syntroleum Synthetic Diesels in Diesel Generators Suitable for Alaska." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2006-1588.

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Sulfur free synthetic diesel fuels can be produced using gas to liquids (GTL) technology, and may prove useful as a substitute for conventional diesel fuels when oil reserves are depleted. With non-detectable amounts of sulfur and aromatics, these fuels should generate lower emissions and enable catalytic clean up. This paper presents the results of a durability test conducted on a Detroit Diesel Series 50 diesel engine-generator operating on two synthetic GTL diesel fuels. Besides providing a comparison of diesel emissions, the paper also provides a comparison of generator fuel efficiency and brake specific fuel consumption between the synthetic fuels and conventional diesel. Documented emissions include total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx). All tests on the diesel engine reported were conducted at the factory set injection timing. As the best performance of an engine on a particular fuel may be affected by injection timing, further tests of the synthetic fuels at different injection timings are needed and will be discussed in future work.
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Gu¨rtner, Arne, Ove Tobias Gudmestad, Alf To̸rum, and Sveinung Lo̸set. "Innovative Ice Protection for Shallow Water Drilling: Part I — Presentation of the Concept." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92181.

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Recent discoveries of hydrocarbons in the shallow waters of the Northern Caspian Sea arise the need for intensive drilling activities to be carried out in the near future in order to explore the potentials. Experience with mobile drilling units in the seasonally ice infested waters solely originates from the current drilling campaign of the Sunkar drilling barge at Kashagan and Kalamkas. However, with increased drilling activities upcoming, innovative drilling concepts are desirable due to the objective of maintaining drilling operations during the ice period with conventional non-ice-resistant drilling platforms. Hence, this paper suggests the employment of external Shoulder Ice Barriers (SIBs) to protect a conventional jack-up drilling rig from the hazards of drifting ice in shallow water. The SIB’s design is suggested to increase the ice rubble generation at the ice facing slope and thereby provide sufficient protection from drifting ice impacts. The modular concept of the SIB makes it possible to deploy each module in a floating mode to site, whereupon they are ballasted and connected to each other, forming a sheltered position for the jack-up. Subsequent to the termination of the drilling campaign the SIB modules may be retrieved by de-ballasting and tow out, without having significant impact on the environment. This paper presents, on a technical feasible level, the concept of ice protection in shallow water by means of SIBs.
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Scenna, Richard, and Ashwani K. Gupta. "Wet Partial Oxidation of JP8 in a Well-Insulated Reactor." In ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59515.

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This work investigates wet and dry non-catalytic partial oxidation of JP8 under distributed reaction regime condition. Previous works have demonstrated the potential of the distributed reaction regime to increase hydrogen and carbon monoxide production over conventional non-catalytic reforming and suppress soot formation inside the reactor. Jet propellant 8 (JP8) has a high sulfur content (up to 3000ppm) and a tendency to form coke, making it an ideal candidate for this non-catalytic approach. Experimental results are reported with the reactor operated at fixed oxygen to carbon ratio of 1.08 and steam to carbon ratios varied from 0.0 to 0.23. Numerical simulations were used to determine flame regime and extent of distribution. Steam provided favorable effects even with trace amounts (S/C=0.01), but more pronounced effects were observed at steam to carbon ratio of 0.17. Syngas composed of 22.5–24.6% hydrogen and 20.1–23.3% carbon monoxide was evolved. Of the hydrocarbons detected, only methane was seen in finite amounts (0.17–0.29%). The increase in performance in terms of reforming efficiency and conversion exceeded what can be ascribed to steam reforming reactions alone. Additional enhancement is attributed to distributed reaction in the reactor. Reforming efficiency of approximately 68–80% is comparable to that from catalytic reforming. Low steam to carbon ratio offers higher sustainability in mobile power systems at reduced costs from direct use of water recovered from fuel cells.
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Stark, P. "Non-Conventional Hydrocarbon Resources – Are They Capable of Meeting Forecast Demand?" In 68th EAGE Conference and Exhibition incorporating SPE EUROPEC 2006. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201402217.

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Tompkins, Brandon T., Hoseok Song, and Timothy J. Jacobs. "Particulate Matter Emissions From Late Injection High EGR Low Temperature Diesel Combustion." In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60067.

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Low temperature combustion (LTC) is an advanced mode of combustion that has attained much attention due to ever increasing emission standards. LTC simultaneously reduces soot and nitric oxide (NO) emissions by having combustion take place at, for example bulk gas temperatures below 1200K (as observed in this study) so that soot and NO formation is substantially reduced. Soot is typically considered a building block for particulate matter (PM); both PM and NO are heavily regulated emissions by government agencies due to their potential effects on human and environmental health. Although LTC is believed to substantially reduce soot, it is not clear what is the end effect on PM. Because PM is composed of other agents, such as condensed liquid and solid hydrocarbons, there could potentially be non-negligible emission of PM from LTC combustion. This study will compare the gravimetric-based PM data from 3 different modes of combustion in a direct injection diesel engine; specifically: conventional combustion, combustion with high exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) at conventional injection timing, and combustion with high EGR and late injection timing (all other control parameters are the same, including fuel flow rate and engine speed). The objective of this study is to quantify PM emissions of LTC and assess potential differences relative to the soot concentration (the latter as assessed by a smokemeter). PM is gravimetrically measured using a mini-dilution tunnel. Further, chemical analysis of the collected PM is analyzed by an independent laboratory to develop an understanding of the constituent species composing conventional and LTC PM. PM results show that there are differences among the three modes of combustion. The PM differs in appearance as well as composition, and due to the change in appearance FSN may not correlate with PM when running LTC modes of combustion.
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10

Corporan, Edwin, Matthew J. DeWitt, Christopher D. Klingshirn, David Anneken, Linda Shafer, and Richard Streibich. "Comparisons of Emissions Characteristics of Several Turbine Engines Burning Fischer-Tropsch and Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids Alternative Jet Fuels." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68656.

Full text
Abstract:
A summary of the impacts of alternative fuel blends on the gaseous and particulate matter (PM) (mostly soot) emissions of aircraft turbine engines is presented. Six engines were studied under several US Air Force and NASA sponsored programs to assess the impacts of the alternative (non-petroleum) fuels on emissions and/or to support the certification of military aircraft for the use of 50/50 (by volume) alternative fuel/JP-8 blends. One turboshaft (T63) and five turbofan (CFM56-7, CFM56-2, F117, TF33 and PW308) engines were studied. Fuels derived from coal and natural gas produced via Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, and fuels from animal fats and plant oils produced via hydroprocessing [Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA)] were evaluated. Trends of alternative fuel impacts on emissions compared to conventional fuel for the different engine types are discussed. Results consistently show significant reductions in PM emissions with the alternative fuel blends compared to operation with conventional fuels. These relative reductions were observed to be lower as engine power increased. Engines operated with different alternative fuel blends were found to produce similar slopes of normalized particle number to engine power with only the magnitude of the reductions being a function of the fuel type. These results suggest that it may be plausible to predict particle number emissions from turbine engines operated on alternative fuels based on engine, engine setting, limited PM data and fuel composition. Gaseous emissions measurements show modest reductions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) with the alternative fuels for several engines; however, no clear dependency of fuel impacts based on engine characteristics were observed.
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