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1

Cockroft, Scott L. "Understanding non-covalent interactions." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434497.

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2

Yang, Lixu. "Non-covalent interactions in solution." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8097.

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Non-covalent interactions taking place in solution are essential in chemical and biological systems. The solvent environment plays an important role in determining the geometry and stability of interactions. This thesis examines aromatic stacking interactions, alkyl-alkyl interactions, edge-to-face aromatic interactions, halogen bonds and hydrogen…hydrogen interactions in solution. Chapter 1 briefly introduces the different classes of non-covalent interactions, in addition to the state-of-the-art models and methods for investigating these weak interactions. The chapter finishes with a focus on
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3

Bayach, Imene. "Non-covalent interactions in natural products." Thesis, Limoges, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIMO0050/document.

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Les polyphénols naturels forment des complexes non-covalents dans lesquels le π-stacking et les liaisons hydrogène jouent un rôle clé dans la stabilisation. Les calculs DFT incluant la dispersion (DFT-D), la description des processus d'agrégation non-covalente de produits naturels devient fiable. Dans ce travail, les méthodes DFT-D sont appliquées à i) la compréhension de la biosynthèse stéréo- et régio-sélective des oligostilbenoïdes, ii) la prédiction de l'agrégation des antioxydants naturels au sein de la membrane bicouche lipidique, qui pourrait rationaliser la synergie de la vitamine E, l
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4

Hubbard, Thomas A. "Non-covalent interactions in lubricant chemistry." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15935.

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Lubricant formulations are highly complex mixtures, containing a multitude of additives, each geared towards improving the efficiency of often highly specialised processes. The study of lubrication, or tribology, is a huge area of research, but is often overlooked by chemists in favour of pharmaceutical or agrochemical research. This thesis lays the foundation for the study and further understanding of additive-additive interactions in a lubricant formulation. Chapter one presents a concise introduction to modern lubricant formulations by providing a historical background and examining current
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5

SIRTORI, F. RICCARDI. "STUDY OF COVALENT AND NON COVALENT INTERACTIONS OF BIOPOLYMER BY MASS SPECTROMETRY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/150205.

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ESI-MS screening methods directly detect ligand-target non covalent complexes in the gas phase and allow inference of affinity (and specificity) of the ligand-target interaction in solution [1, 2]. The identity of different complexes can be directly assessed as the mass of each molecule works as intrinsic label. Biopolymers can be screened either as a single component or a mixture of different targets; in this way it is possible to determine the selectivity of a new chemical entity for different targets. On the other hand, using ESI-MS it is also possible to identify, within a mixture, compone
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6

Mati, Ioulia. "Molecular torsion balances for quantifying non-covalent interactions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7610.

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Non-covalent interactions underpin the whole of chemistry and biology, but their study is extremely difficult in complicated biological systems. This thesis presents the application of synthetic molecular balances for gaining fundamental insights into the physicochemical phenomena that govern molecular recognition processes. Chapter 1 reviews the use of small synthetic molecules that exist in two conformational states via slow rotation of a bond, in the quantification of non-covalent interactions. Chapter 2 presents a new molecular torsion balance, based on a slowly rotating tertiary formyl am
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7

Benevelli, Francesca. "Solid-state NMR characterisation of non-covalent interactions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620286.

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8

Abuajwa, Wissam. "Non-covalent interactions of C60 fullerene and its derivatives." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588068.

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In this thesis, the design and synthesis of novel C60 fullerene compounds with different functional groups is reported. Chapter 1 introduces the background of the project with a general introduction into the covalent and non-covalent types of bonding interactions, and the chemistry and reactions of C60 fullerenes. Chapter 2 focuses on co-crystallisation of pristine C60 with selected aromatic compounds. Single crystals have been obtained and characterised by X-ray diffraction. Chapter 3 is concerned with the synthesis and characterisation of novel fullerene compounds by using Prato cycloadditio
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9

Adam, Catherine. "Molecular balances for measuring non-covalent interactions in solution." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16466.

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Non-covalent interactions in solution are subject to modulation by surrounding solvent molecules. This thesis presents two experimental molecular balances that have been used to quantify solvent effects on non-covalent interactions, including electrostatic and dispersion interactions. The first chapter introduces literature where non-covalent interactions have been studied in a range of solvents, particularly those where the effects of aqueous or fluorous solvents have been investigated. These solvents are of particular interest as they both invoke solvophobic effects on organic molecules, but
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10

Gao, Yunyi. "Solution Behaviors of Macroions Driven by Non-covalent Interactions." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1509897811144406.

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11

Comí, Bonachí Marc. "Biobased polyurethanes with tunable properties through covalent and non-covalent approaches." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454764.

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Aquesta tesi va dirigida específicament al desenvolupament de poliuretans (PU)s funcionalitzats en la cadena lateral (FPU)s, sintetitzats a partir de diols funcionals que provenen d’àcids grassos i dos diisocianats diferents: el diisocianat d’isoforona (IPDI) i el diisocianat d’hexametilé (HDI). Aquests nous FPUs presenten una amina terciària i grups alquil, al•lil, propargil o la combinació d'aquests en la cadena lateral. Posteriorment els FPUs es modifiquen mitjançant dos mecanismes de post-polimerització basats en enllaços covalents o en enllaços no covalents.En el primer cas, es duen a ter
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12

Arendorf, J. R. T. "A study of some non-covalent functional group π interactions". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1334083/.

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The present thesis is concerned with the quantification of weak non-covalent interactions between a simple π system and functional groups through dynamic NMR studies of conformational equilibria of specifically designed molecular balance systems. The work begins with an introduction which provides a formal review of the current literature on various aspects of non-covalent π-interactions, starting with an examination of the physical properties of non-covalent arene interactions, including arene-arene interactions, the behaviour of aromatic rings as hydrogen bond acceptors and the interactions
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13

Moïse, Joelle. "A study of some non-covalent functional group-arene interactions." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445699/.

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This thesis describes an investigation of the weak non-covalent interactions between the 7r-system of an aromatic ring and various functional groups. The first section comprises a review of the current literature on the through space aromatic ring interactions based on theoretical, biological and experimental chemistry and especially focuses on the -interactions involving a functional group. The second section describes the synthesis of a series of novel 9,10-propanoanthracenes, with a common framework, consisting of a rigid structure containing two independent aromatic systems and a flexible
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14

Anderson, Emily Baird. "Synthesis and Non-Covalent Interactions of Novel Phosphonium-Containing Polymers." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28849.

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Phosphonium ions readily compare to ammonium ions in regards to their aggregate characteristics, thermal stability, and antibacterial activity. Ionic aggregation in phosphonium-based polymers provides thermoreversible crosslinks, ideal for reversible self-assembly, self-healing, and smart response. In polymers, these ionic functionalities aggregate, providing improved moduli, and altering the size and structure of ionic aggregates regulates polymer melt processability. This dissertation highlights phosphonium-based chemistry for the synthesis of novel step-growth ionomers and structure-prop
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15

ZHOU, JING. "Understanding the Non-Covalent Interactions in Macroions and Hybrid Macromolecules." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1447426152.

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16

MADDIS, D. DE. "HIGH RESOLUTION MASS SPECTROMETRIC STRATEGIES IN DRUG DISCOVERY FOR THE INVESTIGATION OF COVALENT AND NON-COVALENT INTERACTIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/232398.

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High resolution mass spectrometric strategies in drug discovery for the investigation of covalent and non covalent interactions Dott. Danilo De Maddis PhD tutor: Prof. Giancarlo Aldini The research work here described was focused on the set-up and application of analytical methods for studying compounds effective as inhibitors of the advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs) as well as as antagonists of the receptors of AGEs (RAGE). AGEs and ALEs represent a quite complex and heterogeneous class of compounds that are formed by different mec
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17

Mark, Kevin J. "Studies of non-covalent myoglobin interactions by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30947.

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Acid and base-induced unfolding of myoglobin in solution is monitored by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. It is shown that acid-induced Mb unfolding causes the appearance of different charge state distributions in positive and negative ion modes compared to base-induced unfolding, suggesting different protein conformations in solution. Collision cross sections of both apomyoglobin and holomyoglobin ions are measured at various orifice-skimmer voltage differences (AVOS). The results show that at low AVOS, apomyglobin ions have greater collision cross sections than holomyoglobin
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18

Sundqvist, Gustav. "Studies of non-covalent interactions using nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm : Tekniska högsk, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-336.

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19

Kennedy, Matthew R. "Non-covalent interactions and their role in biological and catalytic chemistry." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53044.

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The focus of this thesis is the question of how non-covalent interactions affect chemical systems' electronic and structural properties. Non-covalent interactions can exhibit a range of binding strengths, from strong electrostatically-bound salt bridges or multiple hydrogen bonds to weak dispersion-bound complexes such as rare gas dimers or the benzene dimer. To determine the interaction energies (IE) of non-covalent interactions one generally takes the supermolecular approach as described by the equation \begin{equation} E_{IE} = E_{AB} - E_{A} - E_{B}, \end{equation} where subscripts A
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20

Zhou, Min. "Understanding non-covalent interactions : cooperativity in ligand binding and enzyme catalysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615013.

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21

Ju, Lin. "Non-Covalent Interactions in Polymeric Materials: From Ionomers to Polymer Blends." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/102651.

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Conventional studies of ionomers have focused on ionomers bearing monovalent carboxylate or sulfonate pendant ions. There are relatively fewer studies on ionomers containing multivalent pendant ions, such as divalent phosphonate. In this dissertation, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polystyrene ionomers with divalent phosphonate pendant ions have been synthesized, and the influence of divalent phosphonate pendant ions on the structure-morphology-property relationship has been compared to the ionomers with monovalent sulfonate pendant ions. The phosphonate groups generated a stronger phy
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22

Mather, Brian Douglas. "Non-Covalent Interactions in Block Copolymers Synthesized via Living Polymerization Techniques." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27068.

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Non-covalent interactions including nucleobase hydrogen bonding and ionic aggregation were studied in block and end-functional polymers synthesized via living polymerization techniques such as nitroxide mediated polymerization and anionic polymerization. The influence of non-covalent association on the structure/property relationships of these materials were studied in terms of physical properties (tensile, DMA, rheology) as well as morphological studies (AFM, SAXS). Hydrogen bonding, a dynamic interaction with intermediate enthalpies (10-40 kJ/mol) was introduced through complementary hetero
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23

Pearcy, Adam C. "Non-covalent and covalent interactions between phenylacetylene and quinoline radical cations with polar and non-polar molecules in the gas phase." VCU Scholars Compass, 2019. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5990.

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Gas phase molecular clusters present an ideal medium for observing factors that drive chemical reactions without outside interferences from excessive solvent molecules. Introducing an ion into the cluster promotes ion-molecule interactions that may manifest in a variety of non-covalent or even covalent binding motifs and are of significant importance in many fields including atmospheric and astronomical sciences. For instance, in outer space, molecules are subject to ionizing radiation where ion-molecule reactions become increasingly competitive to molecule-molecule interactions. To elucidate
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24

Davis, Holly. "Harnessing non-covalent interactions to control regioselectivity in the functionalisation of arene C-H bonds." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277900.

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25

Buckwalter, Daniel James. "Non-covalent Intermolecular Interactions in Polymer Design: Segmented Copolymers to Non-viral Gene Delivery Vectors." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50926.

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Non-covalent intermolecular interactions play a large role in determining the properties of a given system, from segmented copolymers to interactions of functionalized polymers with non-viral nucleic acids delivery vehicles. The ability to control the intermolecular interactions of a given system allow for tailoring of that system to yield a desired outcome, whether it is a copolymers mechanical properties or the colloidal stability of a pDNA-delivery vector complex. Each chemical system relies on one or more types of intermolecular interaction such as hydrogen bonding, cooperative À-À stackin
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26

Armentano, Antonio. "Non-covalent interactions in molecular clusters : competition between π- and H-bonding". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/noncovalent-interactions-in-molecular-clusters-competition-between-pie-and-hbonding(b07b38a8-9f0f-40d2-be8c-4e6c8341e8d6).html.

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27

Hughes, Robert Murray Waters Marcey L. "Non-covalent interactions in [beta]-hairpin peptides and small molecule model systems." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,807.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 18, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Chemistry." Discipline: Chemistry; Department/School: Chemistry. On t.p., [beta] is the Greek letter.
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28

McCammon, Margaret Gallacher. "Non-covalent interactions in multi-subunit protein assemblies : a mass spectrometry investigation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393604.

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29

Tong, Xin. "Non-covalent interactions in aromatic molecules and clusters : studies by laser spectroscopy." Thesis, University of York, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423680.

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30

Berg, Lotta. "Exploring non-covalent interactions between drug-like molecules and the protein acetylcholinesterase." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-129900.

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The majority of drugs are small organic molecules, so-called ligands, that influence biochemical processes by interacting with proteins. The understanding of how and why they interact and form complexes is therefore a key component for elucidating the mechanism of action of drugs. The research presented in this thesis is based on studies of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). AChE is an essential enzyme with the important function of terminating neurotransmission at cholinergic synapses. AChE is also the target of a range of biologically active molecules including drugs, pesticides, and poisons. Due
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31

Lee, Eun-ju. "The study of molecular assemblies formed via non-covalent interactions between calixarenes /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418042.

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32

Ullrich, Susanne. "Conformers and non-covalent interactions studied by laser spectroscopies and Ab initio calculations." Thesis, University of York, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247030.

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33

Williams, Christopher M. "Computational Development of Trimetallic Cyclotrimers for Gas-Filtration Applications through Non-Covalent Interactions." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609127/.

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Photophysical properties of an array of various polyaromatic hydrocarbons were benchmarked with B3LYP, M06 and B97D methods coupled with Pople and CEP-31G(d) basis sets. Results from the benchmark show the importance of diffuse basis sets when modeling the electronic properties of highly conjugated systems and provide qualitative reliable accuracy with certain levels of theory. B97D and M06 are applied to modeling pyrene adducts governed by non-covalent interactions in both gaseous and condensed states to reproduce experimental spectra. DFT calculations with both B97D and M06 functionals show
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34

Pekkanen, Allison Marie. "Non-Covalent Interactions in the Design and Performance of Macromolecules for Biological Technologies." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/86521.

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Supramolecular, or non-covalent, interactions remain a hallmark of biological systems, dictating biologic activity from the structure of DNA to protein folding and cell-substrate interactions. Harnessing the power of supramolecular interactions commonly experienced in biological systems provides numerous functionalities for modifying synthetic materials. Hydrogen bonding, ionic interactions, and metal-ligand interactions highlight the supramolecular interactions examined in this work. Their broad utility in the fields of nanoparticle formulations, polymer chemistry, and additive manufacturing
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35

Atilio, Anzellotti I. "Study Of Covalent And Non-Covalent Interactions In Ternary Systems Involving: Metal/DNA-RNA/Protein, Where Metal = Platinum(II), Palladium(II)." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1164.

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Ternary systems comprising DNA/RNA, proteins and one (or more) metal ion are generating increased interest due to its biological relevance. The knowledge gained from the study of these systems could provide important clues regarding the precise mechanism for transcription factors, repair proteins and metal complexes with anti-tumoral/anti-viral activities.The interactions occurring among the components of these ternary systems can be broadly grouped into covalent and non-covalent. The first kind of interactions can lead to the irreversible transformation of the components in the system, while
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36

Hornblower, Breton. "The alpha-hemolysin nanopore as an analytical device to probe non-covalent molecular interactions /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2006. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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37

LemaiÌ‚tre, Vincent J. "Non-covalent interactions in biomolecules studied by ¹⁷O NMR and MD simulations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414230.

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38

Nkrumah, Anna. "Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Dynamic Metallo-Supramolecular Polymers Stabilized by Non-Covalent Interactions." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1369141489.

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39

Lv, Dingding <1992&gt. "Non-covalent interactions in weakly bound molecular complexes: a high-resolution rotational spectroscopy study." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10095/7/Dingding%20Lv%20Thesis%202022-03-21.pdf.

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My research interests during my doctoral years have been focused on high resolution rotational studies of molecules and weakly bound molecular complexes. Information on the molecular structure, internal motions and intermolecular interactions that can be obtained by applying suitable theoretical models to the analysis of these unusually complex spectra allows the determination and understanding of the driving forces involved in formation of the molecular complex. In this way, many types of non-covalent interactions have been characterized, from pure van der Waals interactions in complexes of r
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40

Baruah, P. K. "De novo designed molecules based on non-covalent interactions: design, synthesis and structural studies." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2007. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2579.

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41

Dominelli, Whiteley Nicholas. "Hydrogen-bonding and halogen-arene interactions." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28824.

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Non-covalent interactions are fundamental to molecular recognition processes that underpin the structure and function of chemical and biological systems. Their study is often difficult due to the interplay of multiple interactions and solvent effects common in complex systems. Herein, chapter one provides some general background on the area before presenting a literature review of key, contemporary developments on the use of folding molecules for the quantification of non-covalent interactions. Chapter two investigates the magnitude and extent of energetic cooperativity in H-bond chains. Utili
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42

Chivers, Claire Elizabeth. "Investigating high-affinity non-covalent protein-ligand interaction via variants of streptavidin." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:631c65ed-08d9-484e-a8df-309a4c95df45.

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The Streptomyces avidinii protein streptavidin binds the small molecule biotin (vitamin H / B₇) with extraordinary stability, resulting in the streptavidin-biotin interaction being one of the strongest non-covalent interactions known in nature (K<sub>d</sub> ~ 10<sup>-14</sup> M). The stable and rapid biotin-binding, together with high resistance to heat, pH and proteolysis, has given streptavidin huge utility, both in vivo and in vitro. Accordingly, streptavidin has become a widely used tool in many different biotechnological applications. Streptavidin has also been the subject of extensive r
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43

Marshall, Michael S. "The construction and role of non-covalent benchmarks in computational chemistry." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44878.

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This thesis focuses on the construction and role of benchmark quality computations in the area of non-covalent interactions. We have provided a detailed error analysis of focal-point schemes commonly used in benchmark quality computations, as well as provide error and speedup analysis of commonly used approximations to these methods. An analysis of basis set effects on higher-order corrections to MP2/CBS has been carried out, providing the community error bounds on future benchmarks. We demonstrate how these high-level computations can elucidate a better understanding of non-bonded interactio
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44

Motley, Tanieka L. "Terahertz spectroscopy and molecular modeling of molecules connected by a network of non-covalent interactions." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.

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45

Haso, Fadi. "The Effect of Specific Non-Covalent Interactions on The Assembly Behavior of Macroions in Solution." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1444937090.

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46

Werlé, Christophe. "Experimental and theoretical study of non-covalent interactions in organometallic chemistry : the concept of hemichelation." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF032/document.

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Ce manuscrit présente une méthodologie rationnelle de synthèse, caractérisation, détermination de la structure électronique et du comportement dynamique d’espèces bimétalliques électroniquement insaturées de type Cr(0)-M (avec M = Pd(II), Pt(II) ou Rh(I)). Ces nouvelles espèces constituent de rares exemples d’entités électro-insaturées à 14 électrons ayant la spécificité d’être persistantes en solution. Leur cohésion structurale provient essentiellement de la compensation d’un faible caractère de type donneur/accepteur entre les deux métaux par des interactions non-covalentes Coulombiennes. No
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47

Sanh, Alan Dominique. "Peptide-RNA recognition : investigation of non-covalent interactions using ESI-mass spectrometry and proton NMR spectroscopy." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/352.

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48

Roy, Sayantan. "Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Sorbitol Non-Covalent Interactions: Effects on the Reinforement of Isotactic Polypropylene Spun Fibers." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1322493823.

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49

JIANCHENG, LUO. "CONTROLLING SELF-ASSEMBLY OF MACROIONIC SOLUTIONS VIA NON-COVALENT INTERACTIONS: FROM SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURES TO SELF-RECOGNITION." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1583331502913712.

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50

Li, Yan. "Electrospray Fundamentals and Non-Covalent Peptide-Lipid Interactions as Studied by Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Reonance Mass Spectrometry." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2003. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/62.

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A novel electrochemical probe has been designed, built, and used to characterize the distribution in solution potential within the metal capillary and Taylor cone of the electrospray (ES) device. Results show that the measured potential difference increases as the internal probe travels toward the ES capillary exit, with values rising sharply as the base of the Taylor cone is penetrated. Higher conductivity solutions exhibit potentials of higher magnitude at longer distances away from the counter electrode, but these same solutions show lower potentials near the ES capillary exit. Remova
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