Journal articles: 'Non Destructive Testing, Ultrasonic testing, Materials'

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Wang, Xuerui. "System of ultrasonic non-destructive testing of carbon fiber composite defects." Functional materials 25, no. 1 (2018): 180–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm25.01.180.

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Wu, Cui Qin, Wei Ping Wang, Qi Gang Yuan, Yan Jun Li, Wei Zhang, and Xiang Dong Zhang. "Infrared Thermography Non-Destructive Testing of Composite Materials." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 1307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.1307.

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To detect the delamination, disbond，inclusion defects of the glass fiber composite materials applied in the solid rocket motor, active infrared thermographic non-destructive testing(NDT) is researched. The samples including known defects are heated by pulsed high energy flash lamp. The surface temperature of the samples is monitored by infrared thermography camera. The results of the experiments show that the active infrared thermography technique is a fast and effective inspection method for detecting the defects of delamination, disbond，inclusion of the composites. The samples are also detected by underwater ultrasonic c-scans. The paper concludes that the active infrared thermography NDT is more suitable to rapidly detect the defect in large-area and the underwater ultrasonic c-scans is more suitable to quantitatively identify the defect in local-area.

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Bavykin, Oleg B., and Rodion N. Loginov. "Comparison of Non-Destructive Testing Techniques." Defect and Diffusion Forum 410 (August 17, 2021): 862–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.410.862.

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The article discusses the types of dangerous defects in welded joints. The main methods of non-destructive testing are described, their advantages and disadvantages are briefly reflected. The comparison of the automated ultrasonic testing methods with radiographic ones is given on the example of testing the welded joints of ASME DN350 Py250 pipe fittings with a thickness of the welded edges of 53.9 ÷ 61.3 mm. The comparison results of the methods by the criterion of the accuracy of determining the coordinates of defects are presented, which show the expediency of replacing the automated ultrasonic method with the radiographic one, provided that the thickness of the welded edges is shallow.

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Platte, Michael. "PVDF ultrasonic transducers for non-destructive testing." Ferroelectrics 115, no. 1 (1991): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150199108222382.

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Duvernois, P., and J. Y. Chatellier. "Non-destructive ultrasonic testing of bonded joints." NDT & E International 25, no. 2 (1992): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(92)90583-3.

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Szymański, Rafał. "Non-Destructive Testing of Thermoplastic Carbon Composite Structures." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2020, no. 1 (2020): 34–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2020-0003.

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AbstractThe article is in line with the contemporary interests of companies from the aviation industry. It describes thermoplastic material and inspection techniques used in leading aviation companies. The subject matter of non-destructive testing currently used in aircraft inspections of composite structures is approximated and each of the methods used is briefly described. The characteristics of carbon preimpregnates in thermoplastic matrix are also presented, as well as types of thermoplastic materials and examples of their application in surface ship construction. The advantages, disadvantages and limitations for these materials are listed. The focus was put on the explanation of the ultrasonic method, which is the most commonly used method during the inspection of composite structures at the production and exploitation stage. Describing the ultrasonic method, the focus was put on echo pulse technique and the use of modern Phased Array heads. Incompatibilities most frequently occurring and detected in composite materials with thermosetting and thermoplastic matrix were listed and described. A thermoplastic flat composite panel made of carbon pre-impregnate in a high-temperature matrix (over 300°C), which was the subject of the study, was described. The results of non-destructive testing (ultrasonic method) of thermoplastic panel were presented and conclusions were drawn.

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Ryaboval, A., A. Shadov, Z. Cherny, N. Prudko, A. Panich, and F. Gorelik. "Ultrasonic transducers for non-destructive testing of composites." NDT & E International 25, no. 4-5 (1992): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(92)90234-8.

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Kah, Paul, Belinga Mvola, Jukka Martikainen, and Raimo Suoranta. "Real Time Non-Destructive Testing Methods of Welding." Advanced Materials Research 933 (May 2014): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.933.109.

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This work presents a review of the three most efficient non-destructive testing methods. The methods are radiography, eddy current and ultrasonic inspection. These particular techniques were chosen because they are able to cover most of the industrial needs for welding joint inspection. The aim of this work is to present the physical background of operation for the given methods, discuss their benefits, limitations, and typical areas of application, and compare them with each other. In the first part of this work, all three methods and their variations are described in detail with schemes and figures which represent their working principles. It appears that, although all the given methods can detect all types of flaws in welded joints, they have their specific limitations. For example, ultrasonic testing is able to detect defects only in certain directions. The eddy current technique is also sensitive to defect direction, but it can be applied for inspecting conductive materials only. The main flaw of radiography is the resolution: it is not usable for very fine defects. The second part of the work is for comparing the testing methods and for drawing the conclusions. The methods are compared according to the possible materials, defect types and their position, as well as the possible areas of application. This part gives the background for choosing a proper welding joint testing method for certain applications in the welding industry.

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Kažys, R., A. Demčenko, L. Mažeika, R. Šliteris, and E. Žukauskas. "Air-coupled ultrasonic non-destructive testing of aerospace components." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 49, no. 4 (2007): 195–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2007.49.4.195.

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Guo, Canzhi, Chunguang Xu, Juan Hao, Dingguo Xiao, and Wanxin Yang. "Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Testing System of Semi-Enclosed Workpiece with Dual-Robot Testing System." Sensors 19, no. 15 (2019): 3359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19153359.

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With the rapid development of material science, more and more workpieces, especially workpieces with complex curved surfaces, are being made of composite materials. Robotic non-destructive testing (NDT) systems for complex curved surface composite material parts are being used more and more. Despite the emergence of such flexible NDT systems, the detection of semi-enclosed parts is also a challenge for robotic NDT systems. In order to overcome the problem, this paper establishes an NDT solution for semi-enclosed workpieces based on a dual-robot system of synchronous motion, in which an extension arm is installed on one of the robots and presents a trajectory planning method that always ensures the extension arm is parallel to the rotary axis of a semi-enclosed workpiece and that the ultrasonic probes are perpendicular to the workpiece surface. Trajectory analysis experiments and ultrasonic NDT experiments utilizing the optimal water path distance determined by simulation result of multi-Gaussian beam model for two types of semi-enclosed workpieces are performed with the dual-robot NDT system. Experimental results prove that the dual-robot NDT scheme functions well and the planned trajectories are correct. All the hole-shaped artificial defects with diameters ≥3 mm are detected by using 2.25 MHz ultrasonic probes through the transmission testing method. Vivid 3D C-scan image of a small diameter cylindrical workpiece based on the testing result is provided for convenience of observation.

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Cheng, Jingui, Lei Xu, and Li Chao. "A review of two types of non-destructive testing technique for pressure pipelines." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 63, no. 6 (2021): 326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2021.63.6.326.

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Pulsed eddy current testing (PECT) and electromagnetic ultrasonic non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques are important methods for detecting defects in pressure pipelines. Although these methods have the advantages of no contact requirement, fast detection and simple signal processing, there is a near-surface blind area in electromagnetic ultrasonic detection and pulsed eddy current detection cannot accurately detect deep locations due to the skin depth. However, these two techniques can be combined to potentially overcome their individual limitations. This paper presents an in-depth study of the use of pulsed eddy current testing and electromagnetic ultrasonic non-destructive testing techniques to detect defects in pipelines. Moreover, the basic principles, numerical simulation methods, testing systems and application characteristics of the individual methods and their combined use are discussed.

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Tan, Junyang, Dan Xia, Shiyun Dong, Honghao Zhu, and Binshi Xu. "Multivariate non-destructive evaluation for tensile strength of steel based on neural network." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 63, no. 7 (2021): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2021.63.7.427.

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Tensile strength (TS) is an important mechanical property of a material. The conventional mechanical measurement method destroys the object under investigation; hence, the non-destructive evaluation of tensile strength of materials has become a research hotspot in recent years. Currently, there are some accuracy problems associated with evaluating the tensile strength of materials on the basis of single non-destructive testing (NDT) methods such as ultrasonic or electromagnetic methods. In this study, 45 steel is used as an example to study various non-destructive testing methods. First, seven different heat treatment systems are used to prepare standard specimens with different tensile strengths, which are measured by tensile tests. Second, non-destructive testing signals for each specimen are obtained as ultrasonic signals, magnetic Barkhausen noise and magnetic hysteresis signals, and the characteristic parameters of the signals are extracted. Then, single-parameter non-destructive evaluation (SNE) models of tensile strength with three different non-destructive testing methods are developed. Furthermore, a multivariate non-destructive evaluation (MNE) method based on ultrasonic signals, magnetic Barkhausen noise and magnetic hysteresis is proposed to improve the accuracy of the tensile strength measurements obtained from non-destructive testing. A deep residual network (ResNet) is used to combine the features of the three non-destructive testing parameters and an MNE model of tensile strength is developed. Moreover, a data pretreatment method based on the fuzzy mapping relationship is applied to train the MNE model successfully and enhance the stability, accuracy and reliability of the obtained results. Finally, the accuracies of the above four tensile strength evaluation models are confirmed by verification using the specimens. The results show that the MNE model has higher accuracy than the SNE models.

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Bahtlı, Tuba, and Nesibe Sevde Özbay. "Destructive and non-destructive testing of bronze-waste tire-concrete composites." Challenge Journal of Concrete Research Letters 11, no. 1 (2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20528/cjcrl.2020.01.002.

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In this study, the effects of finely-milled bronze and waste tire on the mechanical properties of concrete have been investigated. Approximately 2.5% and 5% by weight for each additive (bronze sawdust and waste tire) were added to dry concrete. The open porosity, density, compressive strength values of cured concrete have been determined. In addition, the Schmidt rebound hammer (SRH) and the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) tests, which are non-destructive test methods, were applied. The microstructure and fracture surfaces of these materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the density of pure concrete was 2.35 g/cm3 while the density was 2.19 g/cm3 for a C+5%B+5%T material. Similarly, pure concrete had an almost three times better compressive strength and a two times better SRH value than those of the C+5%B+5%T material. The density and mechanical properties of concrete materials containing bronze and waste tire decreased due to micro crack formations, weak bonding and deep cracks forming especially between the concrete and additives.

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Concu, Giovanna, Barbara de Nicolo, Luisa Pani, Nicoletta Trulli, and Monica Valdés. "Prediction of Concrete Compressive Strength by Means of Combined Non-Destructive Testing." Advanced Materials Research 894 (February 2014): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.894.77.

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The problem of estimating mechanical properties of buildings materials is a major issue in civil engineering, especially when dealing with existing structures. In such occasion a valuable help is given by Non Destructive Testings, which allow materials characteristics to be evaluated in a non-invasive way. This paper analyses the efficacy of the SonReb method - a non destructive technique which statistically combines the results of Ultrasonic and Rebound Hammer Testing in predicting concrete compressive strength. The SonReb method has been applied on concrete specimens later on exposed to compressive strength test. The effectiveness of several empirical formulas expressing SonReb results is illustrated and discussed.

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Wang, Bing, Shuncong Zhong, Tung-Lik Lee, Kevin S. Fancey, and Jiawei Mi. "Non-destructive testing and evaluation of composite materials/structures: A state-of-the-art review." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 4 (2020): 168781402091376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020913761.

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Composite materials/structures are advancing in product efficiency, cost-effectiveness and the development of superior specific properties. There are increasing demands in their applications to load-carrying structures in aerospace, wind turbines, transportation, medical equipment and so on. Thus, robust and reliable non-destructive testing of composites is essential to reduce safety concerns and maintenance costs. There have been various non-destructive testing methods built upon different principles for quality assurance during the whole lifecycle of a composite product. This article reviews the most established non-destructive testing techniques for detection and evaluation of defects/damage evolution in composites. These include acoustic emission, ultrasonic testing, infrared thermography, terahertz testing, shearography, digital image correlation, as well as X-ray and neutron imaging. For each non-destructive testing technique, we cover a brief historical background, principles, standard practices, equipment and facilities used for composite research. We also compare and discuss their benefits and limitations and further summarise their capabilities and applications to composite structures. Each non-destructive testing technique has its own potential and rarely achieves a full-scale diagnosis of structural integrity. Future development of non-destructive testing techniques for composites will be directed towards intelligent and automated inspection systems with high accuracy and efficient data processing capabilities.

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Mandal, Tirupan, James M. Tinjum, and Tuncer B. Edil. "Non-destructive testing of cementitiously stabilized materials using ultrasonic pulse velocity test." Transportation Geotechnics 6 (March 2016): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2015.09.003.

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Rodrı́guez-Hernández, Miguel A., Antonio Ramos, Pedro T. Sanz, José L. San Emeterio, and David Zaplana. "Ultrasonic system for remote non-destructive testing using mobile telephony." NDT & E International 36, no. 2 (2003): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0963-8695(02)00089-0.

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Markja, Irida, Klodian Dhoska, Dervish Elezi, Reza Moezzi, and Michal Petru. "Effect of the Grain Sizes on the Ultrasonic Propagation and Attenuation on Different Types of Steels Microstructure During Non-Destructive Testing." Annales de Chimie - Science des Matériaux 45, no. 4 (2021): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/acsm.450408.

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In this paper we have proposed an experimental study of the steel grains sizes effect on the shift frequency of the ultrasonic waves being propagated in steels. Ultrasonic testing has been used in most inspection services for different materials as non-destructive testing. The novelty of our research work has been focused on the investigation of the new method for determining microstructure evolution of metals by using ultrasonic signals in conjunction with changes in grain size and hardness of steels. Furthermore, we have studied the microstructure of steel types S355, S275, Corten B and S275N. The microstructure results of steels have shown the changes that have been undergone from thermal and mechanical processes by using the attenuation of ultrasound waves during non-destructive testing.

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Tavukçuoğlu, Ayşe. "Non-Destructive Testing for Building Diagnostics and Monitoring: Experience Achieved with Case Studies." MATEC Web of Conferences 149 (2018): 01015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814901015.

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Building inspection on site, in other words in-situ examinations of buildings is a troublesome work that necessitates the use of non-destructive investigation (NDT) techniques. One of the main concerns of non-destructive testing studies is to improve in-situ use of NDT techniques for diagnostic and monitoring studies. The quantitative infrared thermography (QIRT) and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) measurements have distinct importance in that regard. The joint use of QIRT and ultrasonic testing allows in-situ evaluation and monitoring of historical structures and contemporary ones in relation to moisture, thermal, materials and structural failures while the buildings themselves remain intact. For instances, those methods are useful for detection of visible and invisible cracks, thermal bridges and damp zones in building materials, components and functional systems as well as for soundness assessment of materials and thermal performance assessment of building components. In addition, those methods are promising for moisture content analyses in materials and monitoring the success of conservation treatments or interventions in structures. The in-situ NDT studies for diagnostic purposes should start with the mapping of decay forms and scanning of building surfaces with infrared images. Quantitative analyses are shaped for data acquisition on site and at laboratory from representative sound and problem areas in structures or laboratory samples. Laboratory analyses are needed to support in-situ examinations and to establish the reference data for better interpretation of in situ data. Advances in laboratory tests using IRT and ultrasonic testing are guiding for in-situ materials investigations based on measurable parameters. The knowledge and experience on QIRT and ultrasonic testing are promising for the innovative studies on today’s materials technologies, building science and conservation/maintenance practices. Such studies demand a multi-disciplinary approach that leads to bring together knowledge on materials science and building science.

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Rus, Janez, Alex Gustschin, Hubert Mooshofer, et al. "Qualitative comparison of non-destructive methods for inspection of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminates." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 27 (2020): 4325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998320931162.

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In the rapidly expanding composite industry, novel inspection methods have been developed in recent years. Particularly promising for air-coupled testing are cellular polypropylene transducers which offer better impedance matching to air than piezoelectric transducers. Furthermore, broadband transmitters (laser-induced ultrasound and thermoacoustic emitters) and receivers (optical microphones) have opened a completely new chapter for advanced contact-free ultrasound inspection. X-ray dark-field radiography offers a different approach to detect porosity and microcracks, employing small angle X-ray scattering. These innovative ultrasonic and radiographic alternatives were evaluated in comparison with well-established inspection techniques. We applied thirteen different non-destructive methods to inspect the same specimen (a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer laminate with induced impact damage): air-coupled ultrasound testing (using piezoelectric transducers, broadband optical microphones, cellular polypropylene transducers, and a thermoacoustic emitter), laser-induced ultrasound testing, ultrasonic immersion testing, phased array ultrasonic testing, optically excited lock-in thermography, and X-ray radiography (projectional absorption and dark-field, tomosynthesis, and micro-computed tomography). The inspection methods were qualitatively characterized by comparing the scan results. The conclusions are advantageous for a decision on the optimal method for certain testing constraints.

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Prassianakis, I. N., E. Sideridis, and A. Vamvakousis. "The characterisation of old concrete using destructive and the ultrasonic non-destructive testing methods." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 45, no. 12 (2003): 827–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.45.12.827.52985.

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Štoller, Jiří, Eva Zezulová, and Marek Foglar. "Non-Destructive Examination of Cement Based Materials before and after Explosion Tests." Applied Mechanics and Materials 796 (October 2015): 125–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.796.125.

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The article describes the use of ultrasonic testing methods for examining slabs made from cement based materials. For the detection of cracks, in full-scale slabs before and after the explosion, ultrasonic pulse method was used. Data obtained before the explosion confirm the high quality of the cement based material. Another set of data taken after the explosion shows the scale of cracks in the slabs. The article compares material characteristics of the unreinforced concrete, steel fibre concrete and high performance fibre reinforced concrete on the basis of materials tested by using the passage ultrasonic method after the explosion.

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Kurama, Semra, and Elif Eren Gültekin. "Characterization of Silicate Ceramics Using Ultrasonics Test Method." Advances in Science and Technology 92 (October 2014): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.92.194.

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Non-destructive testing techniques are widely used for testing ceramic materials. In our studies, two different types of ultrasonic test methods (A-scan and C-Scan) were investigated as non-destructive testing methods for characterization of porcelain tiles. Tiles were sintered in different temperatures to change their porosity and density properties. By changing of ultrasonic time and velocity related with samples’ some physical properties (such as bulk density, apparent density, apparent porosity (%), water absorption (%)) inspected via contact A-scan ultrasonic test method. The results show that without necessity of traditional test methods, some physical properties of ceramics can be determined by using obtained ultrasonic velocity-bulk density, apparent density, apparent porosity (%) and water absorption (%) calibration plots. Additionally, various defects were inspected in samples by using water immersion ultrasonic C-scan method. These results supported this study to obtain the information about defects’ size and place in the ceramic tiles. To support this non-destructive method results scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization was done and images give the information about the place of the defect.

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Zilber, R. "Digital signal processing in ultrasonic non destructive testing of composite metal bonded materials." NDT & E International 25, no. 2 (1992): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(92)90566-y.

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Quaegebeur, Nicolas, Patrice Masson, Alain Berry, Cédric Ardin, and Pierre-Michel D'Anglade. "Ultrasonic non-destructive testing of cardboard tubes using air-coupled transducers." NDT & E International 93 (January 2018): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2017.09.011.

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Malkin, Robert E., Amanda C. Franklin, Rhodri L. T. Bevan, Hiroshige Kikura, and Bruce W. Drinkwater. "Surface reconstruction accuracy using ultrasonic arrays: Application to non-destructive testing." NDT & E International 96 (June 2018): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ndteint.2018.03.004.

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Dias, W. P. S. "Discussion: Mechanical properties of old concrete using destructive and ultrasonic non-destructive testing methods." Magazine of Concrete Research 56, no. 5 (2004): 311–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/macr.2004.56.5.311.

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Choi, Jeongseok, Heeung Choi, and Younho Cho. "OS6-8 The Material Microstructure and Property Evaluation by Ultrasonic Wave Feature(Ultrasonic NDT of Cracks and Damages (1),OS6 Ultrasonic non-destructive testing and evaluation,MEASUREMENT METHODS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.79.

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Higuera, María, José M. Perales, María-Luisa Rapún, and José M. Vega. "Non-Invasive Testing of Physical Systems Using Topological Sensitivity." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3 (2021): 1341. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11031341.

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A review of available results on non-destructive testing of physical systems, using the concept of topological sensitivity, is presented. This mathematical tool estimates the sensitivity of a set of measurements in some given sensors, distributed along the system, to defects/flaws that produce a degradation of the system. Such degradation manifests itself on the properties of the system. The good performance of this general purpose post-processing method is reviewed and illustrated in some applications involving non-destructive testing. These applications include structural health monitoring, considering both elastodynamic ultrasonic guided Lamb waves and active infrared thermography. Related methods can also be used in other fields, such as diagnosis/prognosis of engineering devices, which is also considered.

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Yin, Duohao, and Qianjun Xu. "Comparison of Sandstone Damage Measurements Based on Non-Destructive Testing." Materials 13, no. 22 (2020): 5154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13225154.

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Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are an important means to detect and assess rock damage. To better understand the accuracy of NDT methods for measuring damage in sandstone, this study compared three NDT methods, including ultrasonic testing, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) testing, computed tomography (CT) scan testing, and a destructive test method, elastic modulus testing. Sandstone specimens were subjected to different levels of damage through cyclic loading and different damage variables derived from five different measured parameters—longitudinal wave (P-wave) velocity, first wave amplitude attenuation, resistivity, effective bearing area and the elastic modulus—were compared. The results show that the NDT methods all reflect the damage levels for sandstone accurately. The damage variable derived from the P-wave velocity is more consistent with the other damage variables, and the amplitude attenuation is more sensitive to damage. The damage variable derived from the effective bearing area is smaller than that derived from the other NDT measurement parameters. Resistivity provides a more stable measure of damage, and damage derived from the acoustic parameters is less stable. By developing P-wave velocity-to-resistivity models based on theoretical and empirical relationships, it was found that differences between these two damage parameters can be explained by differences between the mechanisms through which they respond to porosity, since the resistivity reflect pore structure, while the P-wave velocity reflects the extent of the continuous medium within the sandstone.

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Murashov, V. V., and S. I. Yakovleva. "RESEARCH AND IMPROVEMENT OF NONCONTACTING TECHNIQUE OF THE ULTRASONIC THROUGH TRANSMISSION METHOD OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 258 (December 2019): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2019.12.pp.016-022.

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Operation capabilities of ultrasonic through transmission method of non-destructive testing of products from polymeric composite materials and multilayer glued structures are considered. It is shown that for detection of defects in products from easily damaged materials, from the hydroscopic materials which are not allowing wetting by liquids, in designs with rough surface, and also for detection of the under surface defects which are not revealed by contact methods, effective use of ultrasonic through transmission noncontacting method. The calculation procedure and designing of ultrasonic through transmission noncontacting probes on the frequency of 200 kHz, allowing to reveal defects in products from polymeric composite materials and in multilayer glued structures with higher sensitivity, than noncontact ultrasonic probes applied now on frequencies 20, 40 and 80 kHz is offered. The constructive scheme of the vibrator with two piezoelectric plates from ceramics TsTS-19, included inphase, with the metal lap playing role of wave guide, and matching layer from foam plastic is provided. It is specified that two piezoelectric plates works in “short circuit” mode therefore sound pressure piezoelectric plates increases by acoustic line twice, and oscillation strength four times.

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Abetew, AD, TC Truong, SC Hong, JR Lee, and JB Ihn. "Parametric optimization of pulse-echo laser ultrasonic system for inspection of thick polymer matrix composites." Structural Health Monitoring 19, no. 2 (2020): 443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475921719852891.

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One of the main challenges of using laser ultrasonic techniques for non-destructive testing applications is the typically low signal-to-noise ratio of the laser ultrasonic signals. In the case of thick composite structures, this is even more problematic since composite materials have very strong sound attenuation. This article investigates the effects of laser beam size and profile to the amplitude of pulse-echo laser ultrasonic signals with the constraint that the peak energy density (fluence) must be kept constant under the thermal damage threshold of material like polymer matrix composites. Such constraint is very important for the non-destructive feature of non-destructive testing, yet in a number of the existing parameter studies of laser ultrasonics, it was not fully investigated. In this article, a series of A-scan and C-scan experiments on thick composite specimens shows that the amplitude of the direct waves and the reflected waves increases with the increase in laser beam size with constant peak energy density. This amplitude enhancement significantly improves the propagation depth, thereby optimizing the system for inspection of thick composite structures. The validity of experimental results is verified theoretically by solving the thermoelastic model of epicenter displacement using Laplace–Hankel transformation.

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McNab, A., and H. S. Young. "Knowledge-based approach to the formulation of ultrasonic non-destructive testing procedures." NDT & E International 25, no. 1 (1992): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0963-8695(92)90117-y.

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Péronnet, Elodie, Florent Eyma, Hélène Welemane, and Sébastien Mistou. "Characterization and Comparison of Defects Detection Limits of Ultrasonic Non Destructive Techniques." Key Engineering Materials 498 (January 2012): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.498.79.

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This work deals with the Liquid Resin Infusion (LRI) process developed within the research program “FUSelage COMPosite” of DAHER SOCATA. This manufacturing process enables the realization of complex composite structures or fuselage elements in a single phase (mono-material), which considerably reduce connections and relative difficulties. The concern here is the investigation of non destructive testing (NDT) methods that can be applied to LRI-structures in order to define their capacities for defect detection, and especially their associated critical defect size. In aviation industry, the AITM standards require the ultrasonic testing as NDT for composite materials. Therefore the aim of this work is to characterize and compare three different and complementary ultrasonic techniques on composite specimens. Such analysis allows to define the NDT application field of each method in term of defect detection.

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Tiwari, Kumar Anubhav, Renaldas Raisutis, Olgirdas Tumsys, Armantas Ostreika, Kestutis Jankauskas, and Julijus Jakutavicius. "Defect Estimation in Non-Destructive Testing of Composites by Ultrasonic Guided Waves and Image Processing." Electronics 8, no. 3 (2019): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8030315.

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The estimation of the size and location of defects in multi-layered composite structures by ultrasonic non-destructive testing using guided waves has attracted the attention of researchers for the last few decades. Although extensive signal processing techniques are available, there are only a few studies available based on image processing of the ultrasonic B-scan image to extract the size and location of defects via the process of ultrasonic non-destructive testing. This work presents an image processing technique for ultrasonic B-scan images to improve the estimation of the location and size of disbond-type defects in glass fiber-reinforced plastic materials with 25-mm and 51-mm diameters. The sample is a segment of a wind turbine blade with a variable thickness ranging from 3 to 24 mm. The experiment is performed by using a low-frequency ultrasonic system and a pair of contact-type piezoceramic transducers kept apart by a 50-mm distance and embedded on a moving mechanical panel. The B-scan image acquired by the ultrasonic pitch-catch technique is denoised by utilizing features of two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. Thereafter, the normalized pixel densities are compared along the scanned distance on the region of interest of the image, and a −3 dB threshold is applied to the locations and sizes the defects in the spatial domain.

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Tatarinov, Alexey, Viktor Mironov, Dmitry Rybak, and Pavels Stankevich. "Non-Destructive Testing of Joints of Antifriction Parts Crimped by Pulsed Magnetic Deformation." Solid State Phenomena 267 (October 2017): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.267.248.

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Possibilities of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods to assess the quality of permanent joints of powder metal parts were evaluated. Antifriction bushing-bushing couples used in transport braking systems were investigated. The parts made of bronze graphite were crimped by pulsed magnetic deformation by means of electromagnetic equipment with a maximum discharge energy of 30 kJ. The gap between joint parts in the couples was assessed by ultrasonic and radiographic methods. A standard ultrasonic flaw detector Krautkramer USM-25 with an Olympus 4MHz dual-element echo transducer and an industrial x-ray apparatus YXLON EVO 200D were used, correspondingly. In first trial, both methods were equally sensitive to tight and weak connection of joints.

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SHIRAHATA, Hiromi, and Chitoshi MIKI. "NON DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION OF INTERSECTION OF THREE WELDING LINES BY ULTRASONIC TESTING." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshuu A 66, no. 2 (2010): 286–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jsceja.66.286.

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Gao, Feng, Gui Ling Liu, and Feng Xian Wang. "Concrete Compression Strength Non-Destruction Detecting with Rebounding and Ultrasonic Synthesis Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1488.

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Regional materials and mixing ratio in Datong region are used to make the concrete testing blocks. The rebounding and ultrasonic non-destruction detecting testing for concrete compression strength were done by using the six types of strength grades concrete standard specimens according to the technical regulation. By using the common software Matlab7.0, the mathematical models between rebounding values, ultrasonic velocity values, rebounding- ultrasonic method values and concrete compression strength were set up by three kinds of functions’ regression analysis. The error analysis showed that the rebounding-ultrasonic non-destruction detecting testing method had higher precision results and was used firstly when the conditions were permitted, compared with the rebounding testing method or the ultrasonic testing method.

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Triger, S., J. Wallace, L. Wang, et al. "A modular FPGA-based ultrasonic array system for applications including non-destructive testing." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 50, no. 2 (2008): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2008.50.2.74.

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Gao, Feng, Gui Ling Liu, and Qing Guo Huang. "Ultrasonic Non-Destruction Detecting Method for Concrete Compression Strength." Advanced Materials Research 724-725 (August 2013): 1585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.724-725.1585.

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Regional materials and mixing ratio of Datong area are used to make the concrete testing blocks. The rebounding and ultrasonic non-destruction detecting testing for concrete strength were done by using the six types of strength grades concrete standard specimens according to the technical regulation. On the basis of regression analysis with least squares technique, the mathematical models between rebounding values, ultrasonic velocity values, rebounding-ultrasonic method values and concrete compression strength were set up by three kinds of functions’ regression analysis. The error analysis showed that the rebounding-ultrasonic non-destruction detecting testing method has higher precision results and the practical value.

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Wu, K. T., C. K. Jen, M. Kobayashi, and A. Blouin. "Integrated Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Receivers for Laser Ultrasound in Non-destructive Testing of Metals." Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation 30, no. 1 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10921-010-0084-2.

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Klymenko, Svitlana, Pavlo Kiselyov, and Oleksii Kulyk. "Ultrasonic non-destructive quality control of products made of polymeric composite materials rocket and space equipment." System technologies 3, no. 134 (2021): 135–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-3-134-2021-15.

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The development of modern rocket and space technology (RST) is characterized by constant improvement: increasing speed, range and altitude. Improving these characteristics, through modernization, has led to a significant complication of the design of RST and its equipment. Among the most promising materials for the manufacture of RST structures are more often used polymer composite materials (PCM), which are increasingly used in modern RST engineering, especially in cases where no other material meets the new requirements. Quality control of RST products depends on determining the condition of materials in these facilities, both in production and in operating conditions, which must be carried out both in the production process (with the deviation of production processes may form different types of structure heterogeneity: porosity, foreign inclusions, stratification and cracks) and during operation. In polymer composite materials RST, namely to detect defects such as delamination and cracks using ultrasonic non-destructive testing. An analysis of the use of traditional ultrasonic non-destructive testing using a portable ultrasonic flaw detector using high-frequency transducers. It has been determined that it is sufficient to use portable ultrasonic flaw detectors to detect longitudinal cracks or stratifications, but for more reliable detection and detection of defects, completeness of control should use automated ultrasonic control systems that have greater sensitivity and scanning speed. defective zones with the possibility of constructing a qualitative image of the defective zone for further assessment of the performance of the entire structure with PCM.

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Ranachowski, Zbigniew, Przemysław Ranachowski, Tomasz Dębowski, et al. "Mechanical and Non-Destructive Testing of Plasterboards Subjected to a Hydration Process." Materials 13, no. 10 (2020): 2405. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102405.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of plasterboards’ humidity absorption on their performance. Specimens’ hydration procedure consisted of consecutive immersing in water and subsequent drying at room temperature. Such a procedure was performed to increase the content of moisture within the material volume. The microstructural observations of five different plasterboard types were performed through optical and scanning electron microscopy. The deterioration of their properties was evaluated by using a three-point bending test and a subsequent ultrasonic (ultrasound testing (UT)) longitudinal wave velocity measurement. Depending on the material porosity, a loss of UT wave velocity from 6% to 35% and a considerable decrease in material strength from 70% to 80% were observed. Four types of approximated formulae were proposed to describe the dependence of UT wave velocity on board moisture content. It was found that the proposed UT method could be successfully used for the on-site monitoring of plasterboards’ hydration processes.

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Becker, Karl-Friedrich, Mathias Minkus, Jeremias Pauls, et al. "Non-Destructive Testing for System-in-Package Integrity Analysis." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2017, no. 1 (2017): 000182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2017-wa15_077.

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Abstract The constant drive of microelectronics towards ever higher degrees of integration leads to a wide variety of concepts to yield smallest packages with maximized functionality – while side by side packaging leads to thinnest packages a small footprint can typically only be achieved by using component stacking approaches. This leads to truly heterogeneous packages where a variety of materials are forming a complex potpourri of building blocks with different thermo-mechanical properties. While building such an integrated package needs high precision material dosing, component placement and fine pitch wire bonding and is already challenging – the non-destructive analysis of such packages for process and reliability characterization is even trickier. Additionally this NDT approach can not only be applied to determine the initial device quality but also during accelerated ageing tests as a tool for intermediate testing to determine the effects of chip-package interaction. At Fraunhofer IZM a methodology has been applied to analyze a molded package using state of the art NDT equipment. A high resolution x-ray CT system by GE and a Gen6 CSAM system have been used as complimentary means to gain insight into a reference package that contains a four die stack assembled on PCB and is overmolded by a standard transfer molding process. To facilitate setting up the analysis procedure a variety of artefacts have been introduced to the package allowing the exact localization of layers and can be used to optimize the parameters for ultrasonic analysis for the variety of transducers used for package analysis. Additionally a simulation software is used to calculate the resulting ultrasound echoes for the different intra-package layers and the applicability of this tool for setting up an analysis procedure is provided. As a result the paper describes an analysis methodology for highly integrated packages that uses CSAM analysis and x-ray CT for device analysis, while cross sectioning is used to confirm these results. Ultrasound simulation is applied to explain the findings of analysis process setup and will be evaluated on its potential to transfer the analysis method to SiP packages with varying geometry.

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Chatillon, Sylvain, Vincent Dorval, and Nicolas Leymarie. "Semi-analytical methods for the simulation of the ultrasonic non destructive testing of complex materials." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 138, no. 3 (2015): 1764–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4933578.

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Qurashi, Muhammad Ahmed, Syyed Adnan Raheel Shah, Muhammad Farhan, et al. "Sustainable Design and Engineering: A Relationship Analysis between Digital Destructive and Non-Destructive Testing Process for Lightweight Concrete." Processes 7, no. 11 (2019): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7110791.

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The development of sustainable lightweight materials is a promising field solution in this era. The production of sustainable materials by replacing coarse aggregates with some lightweight alternative provides a good quality construction material. In this study, rocky coarse aggregates were replaced by an ultra-lightweight material (i.e., expanded polystyrene beads) to produce an equivalent rock-solid mass of concrete. Using an M15 grade of concrete composition, expanded polystyrene (EPS) beads were added in place of aggregates in amounts ranging from 5% to 40% at a water–cement (w/c) ratio of 0.60. The specimen size as per American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) specification was 150 mm in diameter and 300 mm in length. Furthermore, statistical analysis for the relationship study for destructive testing (DT) (i.e., compressive test machine) and non-destructive testing (NDT) (i.e., rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV)) has been performed at developed specimens under 7- and 28-day curing conditions. In the end, the results showed that NDT predicts higher compressive strength than that of DT with the addition of EPS beads up to 20% aggregate replacement, after that it is vice versa for up to 40% aggregate replacement. This study will not only help in the production of sustainable lightweight materials, but especially concrete block production can also be performed at a large scale as a sustainable engineering solution.

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Kravcov, Alexander N., Pavel Svoboda, Adam Konvalinka, et al. "Laser-Ultrasonic Testing of the Structure and Properties of Concrete and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics." Key Engineering Materials 722 (December 2016): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.722.267.

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This paper discusses the possibility of studying composite materials by non-destructive laser-ultrasonic testing technique. Concrete samples and carbon-epoxy composites were examined, defects located and elastic wave velocities measured. The internal structure of the samples was visualized in 2D images.

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Kozelskaya, S. O. "Increasing the Safety of Operation of Industrial Technical Systems from the Composite Materials by Predicting Their Life on the Basis of New Methods of Non-Destructive Control and Deep Neural Networks." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 4 (April 2021): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-4-7-12.

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The problem is considered related to increase of the operational safety of industrial facilities made of composite materials by means of an a priori assessment of the maximum service life. Two tasks are being solved: development of the new methods and means of non-destructive testing allowing to identify the defects that appear in the process of testing products with various loads and in the process of their operation; development of the new methods and means for assessing service life of the products based on the results of non-destructive testing. The first problem is being solved by the development of optical-thermographic non-destructive testing, including the technologies of ultrasonic thermotomography and electric force thermography, which determine the state of the object by dynamic temperature fields and optical control technology based on the fiber-optic sensors that measure the amount of material internal deformation under a force effect on the structure. Solution to the second problem is based on the use of neural network analysis (artificial neural networks) for assessment and prediction of the service life using the results of non-destructive testing with preliminary training of the neural network. An estimate was obtained by the experimental studies related to the error in determining the products service life, which is 12.6 %. The implementation of the proposed approach will allow to create the new technologies for predicting the service life of elements and structures made of composite materials using the results of non-destructive testing, which will provide an additional opportunity for developing practical recommendations on the confirmation or extension of the service life and improvement of safety for structures operation.

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Rajendran, Shunmuga Sundaram, Shivanandan Shashidhar Indimath, Balamurugan Sriniwasagan, Monojit Dutta, and Ashwin Pandit. "Ultrasonic Based Non-destructive Testing Technique for Predicting Shape Defects in Rolled Steel Sheets." ISIJ International 59, no. 1 (2019): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.isijint-2018-499.

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Kot, Patryk, Magomed Muradov, Michaela Gkantou, George S. Kamaris, Khalid Hashim, and David Yeboah. "Recent Advancements in Non-Destructive Testing Techniques for Structural Health Monitoring." Applied Sciences 11, no. 6 (2021): 2750. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11062750.

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Structural health monitoring (SHM) is an important aspect of the assessment of various structures and infrastructure, which involves inspection, monitoring, and maintenance to support economics, quality of life and sustainability in civil engineering. Currently, research has been conducted in order to develop non-destructive techniques for SHM to extend the lifespan of monitored structures. This paper will review and summarize the recent advancements in non-destructive testing techniques, namely, sweep frequency approach, ground penetrating radar, infrared technique, fiber optics sensors, camera-based methods, laser scanner techniques, acoustic emission and ultrasonic techniques. Although some of the techniques are widely and successfully utilized in civil engineering, there are still challenges that researchers are addressing. One of the common challenges within the techniques is interpretation, analysis and automation of obtained data, which requires highly skilled and specialized experts. Therefore, researchers are investigating and applying artificial intelligence, namely machine learning algorithms to address the challenges. In addition, researchers have combined multiple techniques in order to improve accuracy and acquire additional parameters to enhance the measurement processes. This study mainly focuses on the scope and recent advancements of the Non-destructive Testing (NDT) application for SHM of concrete, masonry, timber and steel structures.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Non Destructive Testing, Ultrasonic testing, Materials'

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