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Journal articles on the topic 'Non divergence'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 February 2022

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1

Lamberti, Pedro W., and Ana P. Majtey. "Non-logarithmic Jensen–Shannon divergence." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 329, no. 1-2 (November 2003): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(03)00566-1.

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2

MANN, R. B., and T. RUDY. "DIVERGENT SURFACE TERMS IN NON-COVARIANT GAUGES." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 24 (August 10, 1991): 2217–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773239100244x.

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Using Leibbrandt's general prescription for regularizing (n · q)−1 poles in momentum intergrals in axial-type non-covariant gauges we show that the difference between two linearly divergent integrals which arise in such gauges yield a surface term which is logarithmically divergent. The form of divergence of this term is shown to be independent of the choice of non-covariant gauge. We show that such a term modifies the expression for the one-loop Yang–Mills self-energy evaluated using a cutoff scheme of adding to it a divergent part.

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3

Tennessen, Jacob A. "Positive selection drives a correlation between non-synonymous/synonymous divergence and functional divergence." Bioinformatics 24, no. 12 (April 28, 2008): 1421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btn205.

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4

Oneal, Elen, and L. Lacey Knowles. "Ecological selection as the cause and sexual differentiation as the consequence of species divergence?" Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1750 (January 7, 2013): 20122236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2236.

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Key conceptual issues about speciation go unanswered without consideration of non-mutually exclusive factors. With tests based on speciation theory, we exploit the island distribution and habitat differences exhibited by the Caribbean cricket Amphiacusta sanctaecrucis , and with an analysis of divergent ecological selection, sexually selected differentiation and geographical isolation, address how these different factors interact. After testing for divergent selection by comparing neutral genetic and morphological divergence in one ecological (mandible shape) and one sexual (male genitalia shape) trait, we examine whether ecological or sexual selection is the primary mechanism driving population divergence. We find that all three factors—isolation, ecological and sexual selection—contribute to divergence, and that their interaction determines the stage of completeness achieved during the speciation process, as measured by patterns of genetic differentiation. Moreover, despite the striking diversity in genitalic shapes across the genus Amphiacusta , which suggests that sexual selection drives speciation, the significant differences in genitalia shape between forest habitats revealed here implies that ecological divergence may be the primary axis of divergence. Our work highlights critical unstudied aspects in speciation—differentiating the cause from the consequence of divergence—and suggests avenues for further disentangling the roles of natural and sexual selection in driving divergence in Amphiacusta .

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5

Cichocki, Andrzej, Hyekyoung Lee, Yong-Deok Kim, and Seungjin Choi. "Non-negative matrix factorization with α-divergence." Pattern Recognition Letters 29, no. 9 (July 2008): 1433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2008.02.016.

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6

Schneider, Kristan A. "Competitive divergence in non-random mating populations." Theoretical Population Biology 68, no. 2 (August 2005): 105–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tpb.2005.05.001.

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7

Campanile, L. F., and G. Thwapiah. "A non-linear theory of torsional divergence." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 11 (September 11, 2009): 2707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1843.

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In recent years, research on aerofoil morphing is increasingly focusing on innovative ideas such as the use of compliant systems and the exploitation of aeroelastic servo-effects. If brought to their limit, these concepts would allow operating aerofoils in aeroelastically marginally stable or even unstable conditions. In this view, a non-linear approach to aeroelastic torsional divergence becomes relevant. This article presents an extension of the well-known linear theory of divergence, which takes into account non-linear effects of structural as well as aerodynamic nature. The non-linear theory is applied to the case of a thin aerofoil and the pre-critical as well as post-critical response is computed for selected values of the flow parameters. Instability curves are also included, which show the aerofoil's torsional deformation as a function of the dynamic pressure, for selected values of an imposed disturbance.

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8

Brustein, R., and S. P. De Alwis. "Non-perturbative divergence in critical string theory." Physics Letters B 247, no. 1 (September 1990): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(90)91044-c.

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9

Adnan, Risman, Muchlisin Adi Saputra, Junaidillah Fadlil, Martianus Frederic Ezerman, Muhamad Iqbal, and Tjan Basaruddin. "Convergence of Non-Convex Non-Concave GANs Using Sinkhorn Divergence." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 67595–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3074943.

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10

Lee, Seung Min, and Hwa Chang Song. "Homotopy Continuation Based Non-Divergent Power Flow." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1157.

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This paper presents a non-divergent power flow using homotopy continuation method for power system static analysis. During power flow calculation with newly established network data in power system planning, divergence may occur because of the ill-condition by singularity of power flow Jacobian or bad initial guesses. The application of homotopy continuation method can lead the chosen initial guess to a closer solution to power flow equations in hybrid coordinate successfully and can provide further information on the convergence characteristic. This paper includes an illustrative example certifying the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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11

Via, Sara. "Divergence hitchhiking and the spread of genomic isolation during ecological speciation-with-gene-flow." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, no. 1587 (February 5, 2012): 451–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0260.

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In allopatric populations, geographical separation simultaneously isolates the entire genome, allowing genetic divergence to accumulate virtually anywhere in the genome. In sympatric populations, however, the strong divergent selection required to overcome migration produces a genetic mosaic of divergent and non-divergent genomic regions. In some recent genome scans, each divergent genomic region has been interpreted as an independent incidence of migration/selection balance, such that the reduction of gene exchange is restricted to a few kilobases around each divergently selected gene. I propose an alternative mechanism, ‘divergence hitchhiking’ (DH), in which divergent selection can reduce gene exchange for several megabases around a gene under strong divergent selection. Not all genes/markers within a DH region are divergently selected, yet the entire region is protected to some degree from gene exchange, permitting genetic divergence from mechanisms other than divergent selection to accumulate secondarily. After contrasting DH and multilocus migration/selection balance (MM/SB), I outline a model in which genomic isolation at a given genomic location is jointly determined by DH and genome-wide effects of the progressive reduction in realized migration, then illustrate DH using data from several pairs of incipient species in the wild.

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12

Chantangsi, Chitchai, Denis H. Lynn, Maria T. Brandl, Jeffrey C. Cole, Neil Hetrick, and Pranvera Ikonomi. "Barcoding ciliates: a comprehensive study of 75 isolates of the genus Tetrahymena." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 57, no. 10 (October 1, 2007): 2412–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64865-0.

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The mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene has been proposed as a DNA barcode to identify animal species. To test the applicability of the cox1 gene in identifying ciliates, 75 isolates of the genus Tetrahymena and three non-Tetrahymena ciliates that are close relatives of Tetrahymena, Colpidium campylum, Colpidium colpoda and Glaucoma chattoni, were selected. All tetrahymenines of unproblematic species could be identified to the species level using 689 bp of the cox1 sequence, with about 11 % interspecific sequence divergence. Intraspecific isolates of Tetrahymena borealis, Tetrahymena lwoffi, Tetrahymena patula and Tetrahymena thermophila could be identified by their cox1 sequences, showing <0.65 % intraspecific sequence divergence. In addition, isolates of these species were clustered together on a cox1 neighbour-joining (NJ) tree. However, strains identified as Tetrahymena pyriformis and Tetrahymena tropicalis showed high intraspecific sequence divergence values of 5.01 and 9.07 %, respectively, and did not cluster together on a cox1 NJ tree. This may indicate the presence of cryptic species. The mean interspecific sequence divergence of Tetrahymena was about 11 times greater than the mean intraspecific sequence divergence, and this increased to 58 times when all isolates of species with high intraspecific sequence divergence were excluded. This result is similar to DNA barcoding studies on animals, indicating that congeneric sequence divergences are an order of magnitude greater than conspecific sequence divergences. Our analysis also demonstrated low sequence divergences of <1.0 % between some isolates of T. pyriformis and Tetrahymena setosa on the one hand and some isolates of Tetrahymena furgasoni and T. lwoffi on the other, suggesting that the latter species in each pair is a junior synonym of the former. Overall, our study demonstrates the feasibility of using the mitochondrial cox1 gene as a taxonomic marker for ‘barcoding’ and identifying Tetrahymena species and some other ciliated protists.

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13

Molladavoudi, Saeid, Hishamuddin Zainuddin, and Kar Tim Chan. "Jensen–Shannon divergence and non-linear quantum dynamics." Physics Letters A 376, no. 26-27 (May 2012): 1955–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2012.05.007.

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14

QUAS, ANTHONY, and MÁTÉ WIERDL. "Rates of divergence of non-conventional ergodic averages." Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems 30, no. 1 (June 23, 2009): 233–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143385709000054.

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AbstractWe first study the rate of growth of ergodic sums along a sequence (an) of times: SNf(x)=∑ n≤Nf(Tanx). We characterize the maximal rate of growth and identify a number of sequences such as an=2n, along which the maximal rate of growth is achieved. To point out though the general character of our techniques, we then turn to Khintchine’s strong uniform distribution conjecture that the averages (1/N)∑ n≤Nf(nx mod 1) converge pointwise to ∫ f for integrable functions f. We give a simple, intuitive counterexample and prove that, in fact, divergence occurs at the maximal rate.

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15

Froese, Brittany D., and Adam M. Oberman. "Numerical averaging of non-divergence structure elliptic operators." Communications in Mathematical Sciences 7, no. 4 (2009): 785–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4310/cms.2009.v7.n4.a1.

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16

Kumari, Reetu, and D. K. Sharma. "Generalized ‘useful’ non-symmetric divergence measures and inequalities." Journal of Mathematical Inequalities, no. 2 (2019): 451–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7153/jmi-2019-13-30.

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17

Hasegawa, Hiroshi. "α-Divergence of the non-commutative information geometry." Reports on Mathematical Physics 33, no. 1-2 (August 1993): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-4877(93)90043-e.

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18

Torra, Vicenç, Yasuo Narukawa, and Michio Sugeno. "On the f -divergence for non-additive measures." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 292 (June 2016): 364–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fss.2015.07.006.

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19

Eskin, A., S. Mozes, and N. Shah. "Non-divergence of translates of certain algebraic measures." Geometric and Functional Analysis 7, no. 1 (March 1997): 48–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00001616.

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20

Lee, Sen Yung, and Yee Hsiung Kuo. "Divergence-type stability of a non-uniform column." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 84, no. 2 (December 1990): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7825(90)90115-3.

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21

Hiai, Fumio, and Milán Mosonyi. "Different quantum f-divergences and the reversibility of quantum operations." Reviews in Mathematical Physics 29, no. 07 (August 2017): 1750023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129055x17500234.

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The concept of classical [Formula: see text]-divergences gives a unified framework to construct and study measures of dissimilarity of probability distributions; special cases include the relative entropy and the Rényi divergences. Various quantum versions of this concept, and more narrowly, the concept of Rényi divergences, have been introduced in the literature with applications in quantum information theory; most notably Petz’ quasi-entropies (standard [Formula: see text]-divergences), Matsumoto’s maximal [Formula: see text]-divergences, measured [Formula: see text]-divergences, and sandwiched and [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-Rényi divergences. In this paper, we give a systematic overview of the various concepts of quantum [Formula: see text]-divergences, with a main focus on their monotonicity under quantum operations, and the implications of the preservation of a quantum [Formula: see text]-divergence by a quantum operation. In particular, we compare the standard and the maximal [Formula: see text]-divergences regarding their ability to detect the reversibility of quantum operations. We also show that these two quantum [Formula: see text]-divergences are strictly different for non-commuting operators unless [Formula: see text] is a polynomial, and obtain some analogous partial results for the relation between the measured and the standard [Formula: see text]-divergences. We also study the monotonicity of the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-Rényi divergences under the special class of bistochastic maps that leave one of the arguments of the Rényi divergence invariant, and determine domains of the parameters [Formula: see text] where monotonicity holds, and where the preservation of the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-Rényi divergence implies the reversibility of the quantum operation.

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22

Louarn, Gaëtan, Romain Barillot, Didier Combes, and Abraham Escobar-Gutiérrez. "Towards intercrop ideotypes: non-random trait assembly can promote overyielding and stability of species proportion in simulated legume-based mixtures." Annals of Botany 126, no. 4 (January 31, 2020): 671–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa014.

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Abstract Backgrounds and Aims A major challenge when supporting the development of intercropping systems remains the design of efficient species mixtures. The ecological processes that sustain overyielding of legume-based mixtures compared to pure crops are well known, but their links to plant traits remain to be unravelled. A common assumption is that enhancing trait divergence among species for resource acquisition when assembling plant mixtures should increase species complementarity and improve community performance. Methods The Virtual Grassland model was used to assess how divergence in trait values between species on four physiological functions (namely light and mineral N acquisition, temporal development, and C–N use efficiency) affected overyielding and mixture stability in legume-based binary mixtures. A first step allowed us to identify the model parameters that were most important to interspecies competition. A second step involved testing the impact of convergent and divergent parameter (or trait) values between species on virtual mixture performance. Results Maximal overyielding was achieved in cases where trait values were divergent for the physiological functions controlling N acquisition and temporal development but convergent for light interception. It was also found that trait divergence should not affect competitive abilities of legume and non-legumes at random. Indeed, random trait combinations frequently led to reduced mixture yields when compared to a perfectly convergent neutral model. Combinations with the highest overyielding also tended to be associated with mixture instability and decreasing legume biomass proportion. Achieving both high overyielding and mixture stability was only found to be possible under low or moderate N levels, using combinations of traits adapted to each environment. Conclusions No simple assembly rule based on trait divergence could be confirmed. Plant models able to infer plant–plant interactions can be helpful for the identification of major interaction traits and the definition of ideotypes adapted to a targeted intercropping system.

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23

Lowry, Cass, and LeeAnn Stover. "Morphosyntactic Restructuring in Child Heritage Georgian." Heritage Language Journal 17, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 234–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.17.2.6.

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This study investigates morphosyntactic restructuring in Heritage Georgian, a highly agglutinative language with polypersonal agreement. Child heritage speakers of Georgian (n = 26, age 3-16) completed a Frog Story narrative task and a lexical proficiency task in Georgian. Heritage speaker narratives were compared to narratives produced by age-matched peers living in Georgia (n = 30, age 5-14) and Georgian children and young adults who moved to the United States during childhood (n = 7, age 9–24). Heritage Georgian speakers produced more instances of non-standard nominal case marking and non-standard verbal subject agreement than their homeland peers. Individual morphosyntactic divergence was predicted by lexical score, but not by oral fluency or age. Patterns of divergence in the nominal domain included overuse of the default case (nominative) as well as over-extension of non-default cases (ergative, dative). In the verbal domain, person agreement was more consistently marked than number. Subject agreement exhibited more divergence from the baseline than object agreement, contrary to previous evidence from similar heritage languages (e.g., Heritage Hindi, Montrul et al., 2012). Results indicate that morphosyntactic production in child Heritage Georgian generally displays the same divergences as adult heritage-language grammars, but language-specific differences also underscore the need for continued documentation of lesser-studied heritage languages.

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Park, Kyung-Ah, Ga-In Lee, and Sei Yeul Oh. "Comparison of surgical dose response between divergence insufficiency esotropia and non-accommodative esotropia without divergence insufficiency." PLOS ONE 14, no. 7 (July 24, 2019): e0220201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220201.

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25

BRZEZIŃSKI, TOMASZ. "DIVERGENCES ON PROJECTIVE MODULES AND NON-COMMUTATIVE INTEGRALS." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 08, no. 04 (June 2011): 885–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887811005440.

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A method of constructing (finitely generated and projective) right module structure on a finitely generated projective left module over an algebra is presented. This leads to a construction of a first-order differential calculus on such a module which admits a hom-connection or a divergence. Properties of integrals associated to this divergence are studied, in particular the formula of integration by parts is derived. Specific examples include inner calculi on a non-commutative algebra, the Berezin integral on the supercircle and integrals on Hopf algebras.

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26

Gianazza, Ugo, and Sandro Salsa. "On the Harnack inequality for non-divergence parabolic equations." Mathematics in Engineering 3, no. 3 (2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mine.2021020.

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27

Burakhanov, B. M. "Non-stationary layered vector fields and their divergence functions." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1698 (December 2020): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1698/1/012025.

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28

Giga, Mi-Ho, Yoshikazu Giga, and Norbert Požár. "Periodic total variation flow of non-divergence type inRn." Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées 102, no. 1 (July 2014): 203–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpur.2013.11.007.

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29

Mandal, Abhijit, and Andrzej Cichocki. "Non-Linear Canonical Correlation Analysis Using Alpha-Beta Divergence." Entropy 15, no. 12 (July 18, 2013): 2788–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e15072788.

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30

Torra, Vicenç, Yasuo Narukawa, and Michio Sugeno. "On the f-divergence for discrete non-additive measures." Information Sciences 512 (February 2020): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2019.09.033.

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31

Conlon, Joseph, and Ian Pilizzotto. "On Homogenization of Non-Divergence Form Partial Difference Equations." Electronic Communications in Probability 10 (2005): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/ecp.v10-1141.

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32

Hammond, George W. "Metropolitan/non-metropolitan divergence: A spatial Markov chain approach*." Papers in Regional Science 83, no. 3 (July 2004): 543–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.2004.tb01924.x.

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33

Mohammed, Ahmed. "Harnack's priciple for some non-divergence structure elliptic operators." Communications in Partial Differential Equations 23, no. 1 (1998): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03605309808821346.

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34

Dong, Rong, Dongsheng Li, and Lihe Wang. "Directional homogenization of elliptic equations in non-divergence form." Journal of Differential Equations 268, no. 11 (May 2020): 6611–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2019.11.041.

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35

Bramanti, Marco, Luca Brandolini, Ermanno Lanconelli, and Francesco Uguzzoni. "Heat kernels for non-divergence operators of Hörmander type." Comptes Rendus Mathematique 343, no. 7 (October 2006): 463–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crma.2006.09.003.

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36

Luo, Yarong, Chi Guo, Jiansheng Zheng, and Shengyong You. "A Non-Linear Filtering Algorithm Based on Alpha-Divergence Minimization." Sensors 18, no. 10 (September 24, 2018): 3217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18103217.

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A non-linear filtering algorithm based on the alpha-divergence is proposed, which uses the exponential family distribution to approximate the actual state distribution and the alpha-divergence to measure the approximation degree between the two distributions; thus, it provides more choices for similarity measurement by adjusting the value of α during the updating process of the equation of state and the measurement equation in the non-linear dynamic systems. Firstly, an α -mixed probability density function that satisfies the normalization condition is defined, and the properties of the mean and variance are analyzed when the probability density functions p ( x ) and q ( x ) are one-dimensional normal distributions. Secondly, the sufficient condition of the alpha-divergence taking the minimum value is proven, that is when α ≥ 1 , the natural statistical vector’s expectations of the exponential family distribution are equal to the natural statistical vector’s expectations of the α -mixed probability state density function. Finally, the conclusion is applied to non-linear filtering, and the non-linear filtering algorithm based on alpha-divergence minimization is proposed, providing more non-linear processing strategies for non-linear filtering. Furthermore, the algorithm’s validity is verified by the experimental results, and a better filtering effect is achieved for non-linear filtering by adjusting the value of α .

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37

Hedin, Marshal, Shahan Derkarabetian, Adan Alfaro, Martín J. Ramírez, and Jason E. Bond. "Phylogenomic analysis and revised classification of atypoid mygalomorph spiders (Araneae, Mygalomorphae), with notes on arachnid ultraconserved element loci." PeerJ 7 (May 3, 2019): e6864. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6864.

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The atypoid mygalomorphs include spiders from three described families that build a diverse array of entrance web constructs, including funnel-and-sheet webs, purse webs, trapdoors, turrets and silken collars. Molecular phylogenetic analyses have generally supported the monophyly of Atypoidea, but prior studies have not sampled all relevant taxa. Here we generated a dataset of ultraconserved element loci for all described atypoid genera, including taxa (MecicobothriumandHexurella)key to understanding familial monophyly, divergence times, and patterns of entrance web evolution. We show that the conserved regions of the arachnid UCE probe set target exons, such that it should be possible to combine UCE and transcriptome datasets in arachnids. We also show that different UCE probes sometimes target the same protein, and under the matching parameters used here show that UCE alignments sometimes include non-orthologs. Using multiple curated phylogenomic matrices we recover a monophyletic Atypoidea, and reveal that the family Mecicobothriidae comprises four separate and divergent lineages. Fossil-calibrated divergence time analyses suggest ancient Triassic (or older) origins for several relictual atypoid lineages, with late Cretaceous/early Tertiary divergences within some genera indicating a high potential for cryptic species diversity. The ancestral entrance web construct for atypoids, and all mygalomorphs, is reconstructed as a funnel-and-sheet web.

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Arkhipova, Arina A., and Jana Stará. "Regularity of weak solutions to linear and quasilinear parabolic systems of non-divergence type with non-smooth in time principal matrix: A(t)-caloric method." Forum Mathematicum 29, no. 5 (September 1, 2017): 1039–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/forum-2015-0222.

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AbstractWe prove a modification of the so-called A(t)-caloric lemma stated in our earlier work with O. John [1] to study regularity of weak solutions to parabolic systems of non-divergence type with non-smooth in time principal matrices. As an application, we prove smoothness results in Morrey and Campanato spaces for linear parabolic systems of non-divergence type by the A(t)-caloric approximation method.

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Axelsson, Andreas. "Non-unique solutions to boundary value problems for non-symmetric divergence form equations." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 362, no. 02 (September 18, 2009): 661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-09-04673-x.

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40

Ramzan, M. "Divergence of fermionic correlations under non-Markovian noise in a non-inertial frame." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 392, no. 20 (October 2013): 5248–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2013.06.042.

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41

CATALANO, SARAH R., IAN D. WHITTINGTON, STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN, TERRY BERTOZZI, and BRONWYN M. GILLANDERS. "First comparative insight into the architecture ofCOImitochondrial minicircle molecules of dicyemids reveals marked inter-species variation." Parasitology 142, no. 8 (April 16, 2015): 1066–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182015000384.

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SUMMARYDicyemids, poorly known parasites of benthic cephalopods, are one of the few phyla in which mitochondrial (mt) genome architecture departs from the typical ~16 kb circular metazoan genome. In addition to a putative circular genome, a series of mt minicircles that each comprises the mt encoded units (I–III) of the cytochromecoxidase complex have been reported. Whether the structure of the mt minicircles is a consistent feature among dicyemid species is unknown. Here we analyse the complete cytochromecoxidase subunit I (COI) minicircle molecule, containing theCOIgene and an associated non-coding region (NCR), for ten dicyemid species, allowing for first time comparisons between species of minicircle architecture, NCR function and inferences of minicircle replication. Divergence inCOInucleotide sequences between dicyemid species was high (average net divergence = 31·6%) while within species diversity was lower (average net divergence = 0·2%). The NCR and putative 5′ section of theCOIgene were highly divergent between dicyemid species (average net nucleotide divergence of putative 5′COIsection = 61·1%). No tRNA genes were found in the NCR, although palindrome sequences with the potential to form stem-loop structures were identified in some species, which may play a role in transcription or other biological processes.

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Sorace, Antonella. "Incomplete vs. divergent representations of unaccusativity in non native grammars of Italian." Second Language Research 9, no. 1 (February 1993): 22–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765839300900102.

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The term 'near-native', used to refer to speakers at the most advanced stage of second language acquisition, may denote either incompleteness of their competence (lack of given L2 properties) or divergence (interlanguage representations of L2 properties that are consistently different from native representations). An undifferentiated use of the term conceals the fact that incompleteness and divergence are two distinct states of grammatical compe tence, corresponding to two qualitatively different kinds of ultimate attain ment. This article looks at the linguistic intuitions of French L1 and English L1 near-native speakers of Italian L2 about some syntactic and semantic properties related to unaccusativity in Italian, and concludes that the near-native grammar of French subjects exhibits divergence whereas the near-native grammar of English subjects exhibits incompleteness. It is argued that these competence differences reflect differences in the overall repre sentations of unaccusativity in French and English.

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Carter, Brandon, and Richard A. Battye. "Non-divergence of gravitational self interactions for Nambu-Goto strings." Physics Letters B 430, no. 1-2 (June 1998): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(98)00496-1.

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Hu, Lirui, Liang Dai, and Jianguo Wu. "Convergent Projective Non-negative Matrix Factorization with Kullback–Leibler Divergence." Pattern Recognition Letters 36 (January 2014): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2013.08.029.

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Bonfiglioli, Andrea, Ermanno Lanconelli, and Francesco Uguzzoni. "Fundamental solutions for non-divergence form operators on stratified groups." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 356, no. 7 (October 21, 2003): 2709–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-03-03332-4.

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Bonfiglioli, Andrea, and Francesco Uguzzoni. "Harnack inequality for non-divergence form operators on stratified groups." Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 359, no. 6 (January 19, 2007): 2463–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-07-04273-0.

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Bonfiglioli, Andrea, Ermanno Lanconelli, and Francesco Uguzzoni. "Levi’s parametrix for some sub-elliptic non-divergence form operators." Electronic Research Announcements of the American Mathematical Society 9, no. 2 (January 31, 2003): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s1079-6762-03-00107-0.

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Bass, Richard F., and Krzysztof Burdzy. "The Boundary Harnack Principle for Non-Divergence form Elliptic Operators." Journal of the London Mathematical Society 50, no. 1 (August 1994): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/jlms/50.1.157.

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Mohammed, Ahmed, and Giovanni Porru. "Harnack inequality for non-divergence structure semi-linear elliptic equations." Advances in Nonlinear Analysis 7, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/anona-2016-0050.

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AbstractIn this paper we establish a Harnack inequality for non-negative solutions of {Lu=f(u)} where L is a non-divergence structure uniformly elliptic operator and f is a non-decreasing function that satisfies an appropriate growth conditions at infinity.

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Nadkarni-Ghosh, Sharvari. "Non-linear density–velocity divergence relation from phase space dynamics." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 428, no. 2 (October 27, 2012): 1166–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/sts099.

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