Academic literature on the topic 'Non-energy benefits'
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Journal articles on the topic "Non-energy benefits"
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Freed, Michael, and Frank A. Felder. "Non-energy benefits: Workhorse or unicorn of energy efficiency programs?" Electricity Journal 30, no. 1 (January 2017): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tej.2016.12.004.
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FUJISAKI, Kota, Toshiharu IKAGA, Shun KAWAKUBO, and Daisuke TOMIKOSHI. "MODELING OF DIFFUSION PROCESS OF WELL INSULATED HOUSE THROUGH PRESENTING ENERGY BENEFITS AND NON-ENERGY BENEFITS." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 19, no. 41 (2013): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.19.231.
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KUZUKI, Ryota, Toshiharu IKAGA, and Shuzo MURAKAMI. "STUDY ON NON-ENERGY BENEFITS (NEB) BY AREA-WIDE ENERGY UTILIZATION." Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 75, no. 653 (2010): 645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aije.75.645.
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Mills, Evan, and Art Rosenfeld. "Consumer non-energy benefits as a motivation for making energy-efficiency improvements." Energy 21, no. 7-8 (July 1996): 707–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-5442(96)00005-9.
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Ouyang, Jianjun, and Houcai Shen. "The choice of energy saving modes for an energy-intensive manufacturer considering non-energy benefits." Journal of Cleaner Production 141 (January 2017): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.08.142.
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KUZUKI, Ryota, Toshiharu IKAGA, Shuzo MURAKAMI, Yoshio KATO, Tsutsumi TANAKA, and Yuichi IKUTA. "STUDY ON NON-ENERGY BENEFITS (NEB) BY AREA-WIDE ENERGY UTILIZATION (PART 2)." Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 75, no. 656 (2010): 915–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aije.75.915.
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Pye, Miriam, and Aimee McKane. "Making a stronger case for industrial energy efficiency by quantifying non-energy benefits." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 28, no. 3-4 (February 2000): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-3449(99)00042-7.
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Nehler, Therese. "A Systematic Literature Review of Methods for Improved Utilisation of the Non-Energy Benefits of Industrial Energy Efficiency." Energies 11, no. 12 (November 22, 2018): 3241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11123241.
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Improvements in industrial energy efficiency demonstrated various additional effects beyond pure energy savings and energy cost savings. Observed on many levels, these additional effects, often denoted as non-energy benefits, constitute a diverse collection, for instance, effects related to firms’ production or improvements in the work environment and the external environment. Previous studies showed the potential of including quantified and monetised non-energy benefits in energy efficiency investments. However, there seems to be a lack of methodological overview, including all the steps from observation to monetisation and inclusion in investments. This study systematically reviews the academic literature on non-energy benefits relating to methods for observation, measuring, quantification, and monetisation of the benefits. The most commonly applied research design was a case study approach, in which data on non-energy benefits were collected by conducting interviews. Furthermore, the primary methods used to enable quantification and monetisation of observed non-energy benefits were based on classifications, indexes in relation to the energy savings, or frameworks. Calculation methods, databased tools, classification frameworks, and ranking were applied to evaluate the benefits’ potential in relation to energy efficiency investments. Based on a synthesis of the review findings, this article contributes a novel scheme for improved utilisation of the non-energy benefits of industrial energy efficiency.
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Đukić, Mališa, and Margareta Zidar. "Sustainability of Investment Projects with Energy Efficiency and Non-Energy Efficiency Costs: Case Examples of Public Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 22, 2021): 5837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115837.
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According to the European Commission Energy Union strategy from 2015, some of the main objectives are to improve energy efficiency, reduce dependence on energy imports, cut emissions, and drive jobs and growth. Achieving the objectives of the Energy Union requires significant financing, particularly for investments in energy efficiency. Serbia and Croatia included the objectives of the Energy Union in their national strategies and have implemented various investment projects in this area. This paper focuses on the sustainability of energy efficiency projects for public buildings which include not only energy efficiency investment cost but also non-energy efficiency investments. By applying the European Commission methodology for cost-benefit analysis, we assessed the sustainability of several projects in Serbia and Croatia. The sustainability assessment is done by quantifying energy savings, greenhouse gas emission reductions and the social and economic benefits that are related to non-energy efficiency project components. The values of economic performance indicators imply that society would be better off with projects that would contribute to achieving not only the targets set in national energy strategies but also to creating broader social benefits.
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Cagno, Enrico, Davide Moschetta, and Andrea Trianni. "Only non-energy benefits from the adoption of energy efficiency measures? A novel framework." Journal of Cleaner Production 212 (March 2019): 1319–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.12.049.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-energy benefits"
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Nehler, Therese. "The Non-Energy Benefits of Industrial Energy Efficiency : Investments and Measures." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131831.
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Improved industrial energy efficiency is viewed as an important means in the reduction of CO2 emissions and climate change mitigation. Various energy efficiency measures for improving energy efficiency exists, but even evaluated as cost-effective, there seems to be a difference between the energy efficiency measures that theoretically could be undertaken and which measures that actually are realised. On the other hand, industrial energy efficiency measures might yield extra effects, denoted as non-energy benefits, beyond the actual energy savings or energy cost savings. Based on interviews and a questionnaire, results showed that the Swedish industrial firms studied had observed various non-energy benefits. However, few of the non-energy benefits observed were translated into monetary values and included in investment calculations. Results indicated that this non-inclusion could be explained by lack on information on how to measure and monetise the benefits, but even if not translated into monetary values, some of the non-energy benefits were sometimes used qualitatively in investment decisions. The utilisation of the benefits seemed to depend on the type and the level of quantifiability among the perceived benefits. This thesis has also explored energy efficiency measures and non-energy benefits for a specific industrial energy-using process – compressed air. A literature review on energy efficiency in relation to compressed air systems revealed a large variation in which measures that could be undertaken to improve energy efficiency. However, few publications applied a comprehensive perspective including the entire compressed air system. Few non-energy benefits of specific energy efficiency measures for compressed air systems were identified, but the study provided insights into how non-energy benefits should be studied. This thesis suggests that energy efficiency and non-energy benefits in compressed air systems should be studied on specific measure level to enable the observation of their effects. However, the studies also addressed the importance of having a systems perspective; the whole system should be regarded to understand the effects of energy efficiency measures and related non-energy benefits.
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Rasmussen, Josefine. "The Investment Process for Capital Investments : The case of industrial energy-efficiency investments and non-energy benefits." Licentiate thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-126367.
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Capital investments play a crucial role for the business of every firm. In an industrial context, energy efficiency is an important means to meet future energy needs and in the same time reduce climate impact. In this thesis, the investment process for capital investments is therefore studied by addressing the case of industrial capital investments improving energy efficiency. The thesis specifically aims to illuminate how additional benefits, i.e. non-energy benefits, are and can be acknowledged in the investment process by applying an ex-ante perspective. The thesis holds the decision-making process as unit of analysis and aims to contribute with insights on firm level. Especially in an energy-efficiency context, such a process perspective has only been scarcely applied. The thesis is based on a literature review and two empirical studies. The literature review is the starting point of the thesis and reviews the literature on benefit concepts and investment behaviour of energy-efficiency investments. It is then followed by an explorative study in which thirteen industrial Swedish firms are interviewed on how they consider non-energy benefits. Investment motives and critical aspects for adopting energy-efficiency investments are also addressed. It also includes a questionnaire, distributed and collected during a networking event for energy-intensive firms within Swedish manufacturing industry. The second empirical study is a case study conducted at a Swedish pulp and paper firm. It aims to take a comprehensive perspective on the investment process as well as to analyse how and when non-energy benefits are acknowledged in the investment process. This case study approach enables participants at different levels in the organisation to be engaged in the study and new perspectives to be addressed. The results indicate a general investment process passing through the phases identification, development and selection. Investment motives, information, internal coordination and external actors appear as key aspects of the investment process. Energy-efficiency investments are primarily initiated due to cost-savings motives. However, the subsequent investment process appears as consistent for all investment categories; the investment process described here is thus not specific for energy-efficiency investments only. The results instead indicate an investment process influenced by investment size; it influences the extent to which information is collected and assessed before making the decision, i.e. level of procedural rationality, as well as how the investment project is coordinated within the firm. Last, suppliers are involved in the investment process to a large extent from an early stage. Regarding non-energy benefits, the results indicate that various benefits have been observed but far from all are acknowledged in the investment process. They are to a larger extent acknowledged for larger investments when more resources are devoted to the investment process. Quantifiable non-energy benefits improve the business case for energy-efficiency investments and non-energy benefits should thus be quantified to the extent possible. Yet, nonenergy benefits characterised by a lower level of quantifiability could still be important, such as benefits related to work environment, and should therefore be considered. However, the findings indicate a frequent use and reliance upon an investment manual, implicating a need for simplicity when addressing the additional benefits. This indicates that there should be an emphasis on a limited number of main benefits, rather than seeking to acknowledge all possible benefits.
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Horasanli, Erol. "Application Of Non-market Economic Valuation Method To Value The Environmental Benefits Of Geothermal Energy In Monetary Terms: A Case Study In Yozgat Province." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612783/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
APPLICATION OF NON-MARKET ECONOMIC VALUATION METHOD TO
VALUE THE ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY IN
MONETARY TERMS: A CASE STUDY IN YOZGAT PROVINCE
Horasanli, Erol
M.Sc., Department of Environmental Engineering
Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Emre ALP
December 2010, 100 pages
Determining environmental economic benefits of geothermal energy is difficult
since there is no market for all environmental goods and services related to it. In
order to determine and measure the market price of non-market goods and services,
non-market valuation methods are used. Since intangible benefits do not have
monetary values, non-market valuation techniques are applied to estimate them.
Non-market valuation methods are important tools for policy makers in the cost and
benefit analysis and environmental impact assessment process to aid their final
decision.
In this study, the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used to determine the
environmental benefits of using geothermal energy for house heating instead of
fossil fuels and natural gas in Yozgat (center). The willingness to pay for
geothermal energy of the Yozgat residents was determined and underlying
motivations to use geothermal energy were assessed.
The results showed that the mean willingness to pay (WTP) for the usage of
geothermal energy in house heating to increase air quality and mitigate the effects
v
of climate change is $50/person/month. The results also showed that respondents
know the importance of the climate changes and they believe that geothermal
energy usage will affect the mitigation of climate changes positively. The
geothermal energy investment in the region will amortize itself in 3 years.
Therefore, in the feasibility studies, geothermal energy investment seems feasible.
During the regression analyses, climate change and air pollution parameters were
the most significant parameters for the calculation of mean WTP. Since, decrease in
air pollution using geothermal energy, will also mitigate the effect of climate
changes, during the geothermal investment in the region, training activities and
campaigns should be carried to cover the issues of climate change and global
warming to emphasis that geothermal energy will serve for multi-dimensional
environmental problems.
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Lane, Anna-Lena. "Building-related renewable electricity production with storage and energy-efficient buildings : Exploring barriers, drivers and quality assurance." Licentiate thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-33402.
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There is a need to reduce unsustainable use of fossil fuels. Increased usage of renewable energy by combined use of photovoltaic solar panels (PV) with battery storage is one way. Another way is to increase awareness of energy usage and reduce the energy performance gap by building energy-efficient buildings. Buildings have a long lifetime and high energy usage will have an impact for a long time. Barriers, drivers and non-energy benefits (NEBs) for investments in battery storage in photovoltaic systems (PV) in the context of farmers in Sweden with PV systems was investigated by a questionnaire study. The questionnaire was sent to farmers in Sweden who already have photovoltaics installed and about 100 persons answered, a response rate of 59%. Among the drivers for investments in battery storage in PV systems in agriculture it was found that the highest-ranked driver, i.e., to use a larger part of the electricity produced oneself, turns out to be the highest priority for grid owners seeking to reduce the need for extensive investments in the grid. The primary NEBs found were the possibility to become more independent of grid electricity. A method for the building process, called ByggaE, which aims to reduce the energy performance gap, has been developed and described. The method is based on two main processes with activities. Documents that support the activities can be found and stored in the energy documentation, a digital map structure. The two main processes are: The client’s activity to formulate requirements and ways to verify these requirements. The main process for other actors is to identify, handle and follow up risks or critical parts. An overall relation between the energy efficiency gap and the energy performance gap has been identified. Realistic assumptions and follow-up related to the assumptions are found to be important to reduce both the energy efficiency gap and the energy performance gap.För att uppnå klimatmålen är det nödvändigt att minska den ohållbara användningen av fossila bränslen. Ett sätt är att öka användning av förnybar energi genom att kombinera solel med batterilager. Ett annat sätt är att öka medvetenheten om energianvändningen med dess negativa påverkan på miljön och uppfylla energikraven för nya byggnader bättre. Eftersom byggnader har lång livslängd ger onödigt hög energianvändning påverkan under lång tid. Hinder, drivkrafter och andra icke energirelaterade fördelar med att investera i batterilager till solel har undersökts i en enkätstudie bland svenska lantbruk. Det kom in 100 svar från lantbrukare som har solel, vilket motsvarar en svarsfrekvens på 59 %. Den viktigaste drivkraften för att investera i batterilager till solelanläggningen är en högre egenanvändning av el. Detta visade sig också vara högst prioriterat av elnätsägare för att minska behovet av kostsamma investeringar i elnätet. Den största icke energirelaterade fördelen med batterilager är större oberoende av elnätet. En kvalitetsäkringsmetod för byggprocessen har utvecklats och beskrivits. Syftet med metoden, som kallas ByggaE, är att minska skillnaden mellan verklig energianvändning och energikrav i nya byggnader. Metoden bygger på två huvudprocesser med aktiviteter. Beställarens huvudprocess är att formulera krav och metoder att kontrollera och följa upp dessa krav. De andra aktörernas huvudprocess är att identifiera, hantera och följa upp risker eller kritiska moment som kan påverka energianvändningen. Dokument som stödjer aktiviteterna lagras i en digital mappstruktur. Det är viktigt med realistiska antaganden och uppföljning som relaterar till dessa antaganden för att fler lönsamma energieffektiviseringsåtgärder ska bli genomförda och för att de energiprestanda som krävs eller förväntas ska bli uppfyllda.
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Cain, Tyler Joshua. "Central Asian energy policy : cooperative non-zero sum policy on legal status and pipeline issues benefit local and global actors." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1068.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Political Science
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Mallangi, Siva Sai Reddy. "Low-Power Policies Based on DVFS for the MUSEIC v2 System-on-Chip." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-229443.
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Multi functional health monitoring wearable devices are quite prominent these days. Usually these devices are battery-operated and consequently are limited by their battery life (from few hours to a few weeks depending on the application). Of late, it was realized that these devices, which are currently being operated at fixed voltage and frequency, are capable of operating at multiple voltages and frequencies. By switching these voltages and frequencies to lower values based upon power requirements, these devices can achieve tremendous benefits in the form of energy savings. Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) techniques have proven to be handy in this situation for an efficient trade-off between energy and timely behavior. Within imec, wearable devices make use of the indigenously developed MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). This system is optimized for efficient and accurate collection, processing, and transfer of data from multiple (health) sensors. MUSEIC v2 has limited means in controlling the voltage and frequency dynamically. In this thesis we explore how traditional DVFS techniques can be applied to the MUSEIC v2. Experiments were conducted to find out the optimum power modes to efficiently operate and also to scale up-down the supply voltage and frequency. Considering the overhead caused when switching voltage and frequency, transition analysis was also done. Real-time and non real-time benchmarks were implemented based on these techniques and their performance results were obtained and analyzed. In this process, several state of the art scheduling algorithms and scaling techniques were reviewed in identifying a suitable technique. Using our proposed scaling technique implementation, we have achieved 86.95% power reduction in average, in contrast to the conventional way of the MUSEIC v2 chip’s processor operating at a fixed voltage and frequency. Techniques that include light sleep and deep sleep mode were also studied and implemented, which tested the system’s capability in accommodating Dynamic Power Management (DPM) techniques that can achieve greater benefits. A novel approach for implementing the deep sleep mechanism was also proposed and found that it can obtain up to 71.54% power savings, when compared to a traditional way of executing deep sleep mode.Nuförtiden så har multifunktionella bärbara hälsoenheter fått en betydande roll. Dessa enheter drivs vanligtvis av batterier och är därför begränsade av batteritiden (från ett par timmar till ett par veckor beroende på tillämpningen). På senaste tiden har det framkommit att dessa enheter som används vid en fast spänning och frekvens kan användas vid flera spänningar och frekvenser. Genom att byta till lägre spänning och frekvens på grund av effektbehov så kan enheterna få enorma fördelar när det kommer till energibesparing. Dynamisk skalning av spänning och frekvens-tekniker (såkallad Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling, DVFS) har visat sig vara användbara i detta sammanhang för en effektiv avvägning mellan energi och beteende. Hos Imec så använder sig bärbara enheter av den internt utvecklade MUSEIC v2 (Multi Sensor Integrated circuit version 2.0). Systemet är optimerat för effektiv och korrekt insamling, bearbetning och överföring av data från flera (hälso) sensorer. MUSEIC v2 har begränsad möjlighet att styra spänningen och frekvensen dynamiskt. I detta examensarbete undersöker vi hur traditionella DVFS-tekniker kan appliceras på MUSEIC v2. Experiment utfördes för att ta reda på de optimala effektlägena och för att effektivt kunna styra och även skala upp matningsspänningen och frekvensen. Eftersom att ”overhead” skapades vid växling av spänning och frekvens gjordes också en övergångsanalys. Realtidsoch icke-realtidskalkyler genomfördes baserat på dessa tekniker och resultaten sammanställdes och analyserades. I denna process granskades flera toppmoderna schemaläggningsalgoritmer och skalningstekniker för att hitta en lämplig teknik. Genom att använda vår föreslagna skalningsteknikimplementering har vi uppnått 86,95% effektreduktion i jämförelse med det konventionella sättet att MUSEIC v2-chipets processor arbetar med en fast spänning och frekvens. Tekniker som inkluderar lätt sömn och djupt sömnläge studerades och implementerades, vilket testade systemets förmåga att tillgodose DPM-tekniker (Dynamic Power Management) som kan uppnå ännu större fördelar. En ny metod för att genomföra den djupa sömnmekanismen föreslogs också och enligt erhållna resultat så kan den ge upp till 71,54% lägre energiförbrukning jämfört med det traditionella sättet att implementera djupt sömnläge.
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CHIANG, HUI-TZU, and 蔣蕙資. "Research on the benefits of domestic renewable and non-renewable energy generation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/eyp8f9.
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碩士和春技術學院
電機工程研究所
106
In the modern society, we can not live without energy. Energy is as indispensable as air , water and sunshine in our lives. We depend on the use of it all the time. While we are enjoying the convenience of the modern life, we are consuming the energy and resources from the earth at the same time. It makes renewable and non-renewable energy generation efficiency in our country becomes an important issue. The study will focus on collecting relevant literature, analysing how it can support the arguments of the study, finding out its correspondence with the current situation as well as using secondary data collection methods to analyze binomial and nonparametric tests. The data analyzed in this study is based on statistics released by the Ministry of Economic Affairs of Taiwan Power Company (2017) concerning renewable and non-renewable energy generation and is expected to achieve the following purposes: (1) Understand the benefits and impacts of renewable and non-renewable energy generation efficiency in our country. (2) Understand the relationship between self-generating power from Taiwan's power companies and privately purchased electricity. (3) Understand the impact of the trend to use green energy in our country. Due to the growth of the industry, the electricity consumption of Taiwan has been increased year by year, but the current power generation method of Taiwan, Coal burning has a great impact on the air quality. Due to the current technology of renewable power generation, caused the high cost of power generation. Therefore, the development of the renewable energy in Taiwan is limited and it has not become mainstream.However, according to the latest technology, nuclear power generation can now generate electricity with lower or even near-zero pollution. Under the circumstance of rising electricity consumption and environmental awareness, the national energy policy should carefully evaluate the possibility of nuclear power generation. Keywords: Renewable energy, Non-renewable energy, Green energy
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Machete, Fannie. "Assessment of energy efficiency in selected guest houses in Mpumalanga Province." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18340.
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The increase in the number of guest houses is applausive for its socio-economic benefits through income generation, job creation and entrepreneurship growth. However, the increase in the number of guest houses is proportional to energy demand. Thus, increase in energy efficient guest houses is more desirable in order to achieve sustainable development. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess energy efficiency in selected guest houses in Mpumalanga province
Through in-depth literature analysis, an energy efficiency framework that builds on and advances the input-output ration and energy saving model was developed. This framework has five indicators which are categorised into financial and nonfinancial, namely: energy quantity, cost, carbon equivalence, services quantity and quality. The framework clarified the differences between energy saving and energy efficiency, while it identifies energy saving and services levels as two parameters or components of energy efficiency. This framework was later implemented and used to assess energy efficiency in eight selected guest houses in Mpumalanga province. To assess energy efficiency using the framework, three standard or common services in guest houses such as indoor lighting, water heating and indoor thermal comfort were
assessed for energy saving and compliance with industry standards.
The results of the assessment were analysed through descriptive statistical and explanatory methods. Using the framework, the study found that few of the selected guest houses did save energy in one or more of the standards services. However, some methods used in the guest houses were found to be highly costly and resulted in high energy quantity consumption and high carbon footprint.
Thus, these methods failed the test for characterisation of energy saving methods. Furthermore, the study found that all indoor lighting services didn’t meet minimum industry standards for indoor lighting of 100lux. All water heating standards were compliant, while indoor thermal comfort standards differed among guest houses. Thus, none of the guest houses met the minimum criteria for characterisation as being energy-efficient. However, different services qualified.
Hence, the findings confirm that the energy efficiency framework was effective and reliable in the characterisation of energy-efficient guest houses. This framework builds on and advances the input-output ratio and energy saving models previously used.Environmental Sciences
PhD (Environmental Management)
Books on the topic "Non-energy benefits"
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Office, General Accounting. Foreign assistance: Controls over U.S. funds provided for the benefit of the Palestinian authority : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.
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Foreign assistance: Controls over U.S. funds provided for the benefit of the Palestinian Authority : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): The Office, 1996.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Non-energy benefits"
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Fotopoulou, Anastasia, and Annarita Ferrante. "Energy and Non-energy-Related Benefits in the Retrofit of the Existing Building Stock." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71057-0_53-1.
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Fotopoulou, Anastasia, and Annarita Ferrante. "Energy- and Non-Energy-Related Benefits in the Retrofit of the Existing Building Stock." In Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 350–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95864-4_53.
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Ali, Murad. "Monitoring and Evaluation in South-South Cooperation: The Case of CPEC in Pakistan." In The Palgrave Handbook of Development Cooperation for Achieving the 2030 Agenda, 289–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57938-8_13.
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AbstractPakistan is a key country in China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) where the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is under implementation. An investment model of financing through loans, grants and private investments, CPEC is an example of South-South cooperation (SSC) having a number of benefits for both countries. Aimed at developing energy, industry, and communication infrastructure, the corridor initially valued at $46 billion but is now worth $62 billion. CPEC is expected to contribute significantly to socio-economic development and regional connectivity and trade. The main research question is, while implementing projects in Pakistan, to what extent China adheres to its avowed principles comprising features such as mutual respect, non-conditionality, equality, building local capacity and addressing actual needs of partner countries. Based mainly on the analysis of primary data collected during fieldwork in Pakistan, this research explores the extent to which the official narrative influences the actual practice of China’s development cooperation on the ground. To critically examine CPEC, this chapter uses a monitoring and evaluation framework developed by the Network of Southern Think Tanks (NeST), which is dedicated to generating systematic and clearly comparable knowledge on SSC (Besharati et al. 2017). The findings illustrate that, as per the five broad dimensions of the SSC framework, the China–Pakistan partnership under CPEC has performed well in the four areas of inclusive national ownership, horizontality, self-reliance and sustainability, and development effectiveness, but it has lagged in accountability and transparency.
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"Power grid development and its comprehensive social and economic benefits." In Non-Fossil Energy Development in China, 197–223. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813106-0.00006-4.
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Badea, Gheorghe, Raluca-Andreea Felseghi, and Ioan Așchilean. "Hydrogen-Energy Vector Within a Sustainable Energy System for Stationary Applications." In Hydrogen Fuel Cell Technology for Stationary Applications, 1–21. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4945-2.ch001.
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Today, hydrogen is recognized as a non-polluting energy carrier because it does not contribute to global warming if it is produced from renewable energy resources. Hydrogen is the only secondary energy carrier that is suitable for wide application. At the center of attention is the fact that hydrogen can be obtained from a wide range of primary energies. It can be used advantageously for a wide range of applications. Hydrogen can be used in decentralized systems without emitting CO2. Hydrogen is already a part of today's chemical industry, but as an energy resource, its rare benefits can only be achieved through fuel cell technology. The next generations of energy systems for stationary applications based on hydrogen fuel cell have the potential of using and implementing clean energy in the residential buildings sector, as well as in the tertiary and industrial sector, thus having a significant impact on greenhouse gas emissions decreasing, specific characteristics of hydrogen technology having an important role in the decarbonization of energy production systems.
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He, Luke, Ghufran S. Babar, Jacob M. Redel, Sabetha L. Young, Callie E. Chagas, Wayne V. Moore, and Yun Yan. "Fructose Intake: Metabolism and Role in Diseases." In Sugar Intake - Risks and Benefits and the Global Diabetes Epidemic. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95754.
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Fructose consumption has dramatically increased worldwide over the past decades. There are numerous clinical, experimental, and epidemiological studies evidenced that increased consumption of fructose negatively impacts carbohydrate metabolism and lactate formed from fructose can also affect whole-body energy balance. Excessive fructose intake stimulates endogenous glucose production and lipid synthesis in the liver. Currently fructose is believed to be a major contributing factor to chronic metabolic diseases, including obesity, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperglycemia, type 2 diabetes, and cancer. These new findings bring challenges to researchers today because of what is still to be discovered, and how to apply what has been discovered to modern health. Further investigation should seek to analyze and understand specific mechanistic effects of fructose in metabolic pathways, and how to apply this knowledge to our daily lives. Conducting this monosaccharide research is important to improve the diet of the general population and to attenuate the epidemics of metabolic disease and associated diseases. Here, we focus on the mechanism and role of fructose in diseases as well as its potential as a dietary interventional target.
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Borgogna, Alessia, Gaetano Iaquaniello, Annarita Salladini, Emanuela Agostini, and Mirko Boccacci. "Chemical Carbon and Hydrogen Recycle through Waste Gasification: The Methanol Route." In Gasification [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98206.
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A large amount of valuable Carbon and Hydrogen is lost in the disposal of the non-recyclable fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) – particularly unsorted waste fraction and plastics residue from mechanical recycle process. The waste-to-chemical technology allows to exploit the components entrapped in the non-recyclable waste by converting it into new chemicals. The core of waste-to-chemical technology is the gasification process, which is designed to convert waste into a valuable syngas to be used as example for methanol production. Waste to methanol schemes allow to achieve significant environmental and economic benefits, which can be further intensified within the scenario of increasing share of renewable energy.
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Sarkar, A. N. "Application of Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in Renewable Energy Generation from Micro-Hydel Projects of Himachal Pradesh." In Renewable and Alternative Energy, 886–913. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1671-2.ch028.
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Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is defined as one of the “flexibility” mechanisms that allows entities based in Developed Countries (Annex I Parties) to develop emission-reducing projects in Developing Countries (non-Annex I Parties), and generate tradable carbon credits corresponding to the volume of carbon emission reductions achieved by those projects. CDM projects have been developed in several parts of the world across the sectoral economies, including renewable energy, with reportedly varying degrees of success and failures. In the renewable energy segment, CDM has been successfully deployed in Micro-Hydel power projects to mitigate and offset green-house gas emissions into the environment. The experiences of different implementing states are vastly different in past decade. CDM applications in Micro-Hydel projects have been quite notable to generate hydro-power and mitigate emissions in the state. This paper takes a holistic review about the current status in the performance of CDM projects in India, with special reference to Himachal Pradesh, particularly in the context of Small (Micro)-Hydel projects with a very high renewable energy potential. The achievements as well as strategy of implementation of Small-Hydel projects in Himachal Pradesh is discussed in the light of selected case studies of CDM projects that are at various stages of formulation, designing and implementation. Guidelines for CDM project designing and the potential for carbon markets for the hydro-power in the context of Himachal Pradesh is discussed. Some of the shortcomings in implementation of Micro-Hydel CDM project in the State are also discussed and highlighted in the paper. The paper has also examined the status of implementation and the quality of projects in the form of illustrative case studies in terms of their ability for energy extraction, creating energy trading opportunities, and stakeholder participation in sharing the project benefits during the lifetime as well as the beyond the life-time of the projects.
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Escobar, Jose Carlos. "Aiki." In Advances in Public Policy and Administration, 165–83. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3001-5.ch009.
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Although aikido is practiced in many countries, it is still unknown to the general public. Instructors have been teaching it as a new martial art ignoring its profound objective: it was designed to promote peace and human sensitivity based on a body work that teaches how to handle violence in order to achieve human success in life. Ai means “adaptation” and ki is the name given to the vital energy of people. When this energy is combined among people, it gives way to aiki – the conjunction of peoples' energy in accordance to their human nature. The practice of aikido movements systematically educates for a peaceful heart that benefits society. So, this chapter presents its educational dimension and social possibilities which may interest educators, physical instructors, orientators, and even practitioners. Aikido is a transcendental activity designed to reconstruct human ethics and human interaction by teaching people how to collaborate and achieve their non-violent human potential, a peaceful heart which is their most important competence for life.
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Glivin, Godwin, Mariappan Vairavan, Premalatha Manickam, and Joseph Sekhar Santhappan. "Techno Economic Studies on the Effective Utilization of Non-Uniform Biowaste Generation for Biogas Production." In Anaerobic Digestion in Natural and Built Environments [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98314.
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Environmental effects from traditional energy sources and government regulations, necessitate the use of alternative energies like biogas for many uses including drying and refrigeration. Biowaste produced in educational institutions will not be uniform over the year. The non-uniform supply of biowastes, the absence of studies on bio digestion of likelihood biomass, the unreliability of energy from such conversion and the profitability of its usage in most applications are some of the factors to be considered while implementing this technology. In this regard, theoretical and experimental evaluations were carried out to accurately forecast biogas generation capabilities in educational campuses for obtaining biofuels with quantity and efficiency. It is observed that biogas generation with 52 to 58% methane content can be possible during an academic year. The quality of biogas shows that it is appropriate for almost any application. A broader analysis on different types of biogas digesters was conducted for their suitability in academic institutions. The economic benefits are analyzed for incorporating three biogas digesters namely KVIC, Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) type and JANATA. There are some encouraging results to confirm the economic feasibility of biogas plants including positive net present value. Biogas generation with digesters of capacities varying between 25 and 450 cubic meter shows payback periods varies from 3.18 to 7.59 years, which confirms that it is profitable to use digesters in this range of capacities.
Conference papers on the topic "Non-energy benefits"
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Hong, Woo Jong, Hongfang Zhang, Charles A. Garris, Amer K. Ababneh, and Khaled Al-Hussan. "A Computational Study of Two Novel Non-Steady Pressure Exchange Ejectors With Environmental Benefits and Energy Efficiency." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56370.
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The latest progress on the design and performance of two different types of novel supersonic pressure exchange ejectors for thermally driven ejector refrigeration systems are presented. One is an axial rotor-vane pressure-exchange ejector whose main component parts are a supersonic nozzle, a rotor with some wedged vanes, and a shroud diffuser. The other is a radial rotor-nozzle pressure-exchange ejector that includes a rotor with some canted nozzles, and two disc-shaped diffusers. The energy exchange, which occurs between the fluids throughout the pressure exchange ejectors, is shown by computational simulation with two commercial CFD packages, Tascflow and Fluent. This paper shows how the supersonic aerodynamics is managed to provide the desirable flow induction characteristics through computational study for both radial-flow and axial-flow supersonic pressure exchange ejectors. For axial-flow supersonic rotor-vane pressure exchange ejectors, three different spin-angles, 0°, 10°, and 20° are used to better understand aerodynamic performance of three-dimensional, complex, supersonic pressure-exchange ejectors and to enhance a strong foundation for the problem at hand. Even though the larger spin-angle and the more number of rotor vane produce better flow induction and mixing between primary flow and secondary flow, the rotor rotating speed closer to free spinning one is more essential to produce better flow induction and mixing between primary flow and secondary flow. Meanwhile practically severe mechanical difficulties were observed with supersonic radial-flow pressure exchange ejectors whose design concept was turned out aerodynamically great by computational study that allowed one to make some idealized assumption on it. Because of its radial vaneless diffuser, a supersonic pressure-exchange ejector with a free-spinning rotor can be aerodynamically highly desirable. It is less likely to have strong shocks, which is a source for detrimental effects on the ejector. The radial configuration provides the opportunity for utilizing yet another mode of energy exchange “extended pressure exchange” that has been newly re-identified.
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Carnielo, E., A. Fanchiotti, and M. Zinzi. "Energy and Comfort Benefits of a Cool Roof Application in a Non-Residential Building Belonging to Roma Tre University." In World Renewable Energy Congress – Sweden, 8–13 May, 2011, Linköping, Sweden. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp110571970.
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Fumo, N., P. J. Mago, and L. M. Chamra. "Evaluation of Cooling, Heating, and Power (CHP) Systems Based on Building Energy-Rating." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36145.
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Cooling, Heating and Power (CHP) systems are a form of distributed generation that uses internal combustion prime-power engines to generate electricity while recovering heat for other uses. CHP is a promising technology for increasing energy efficiency through the use of distributed electric and thermal energy recovery-delivery systems at or near end-user sites. Although this technology seems to be economically feasible, the evaluation and comparison of CHP systems cannot be restricted to economical considerations only. Standard economic analysis, such as life cycle economic analysis, does not take in consideration all the benefits that can be obtained from this technology. For this reason, several aspects to perform a non-conventional evaluation of CHP systems have to be considered. Among the aspects to be included in a non-conventional evaluation are: power reliability, power quality, environmental quality, energy-efficient buildings, fuel source flexibility, brand and marketing benefits, protection from electric rate hikes, and benefits from promoting energy management practices. Some benefits of these non-economical evaluations can be transferred into an economic evaluation but others give intangible potential to the technology. This paper focus on a non-conventional evaluation based on energy-efficient buildings, which is associated to energy conservation and improvement of the building energy performance rating for government energy programs like Energy Star and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED). Results show that the use of CHP systems could improve the Energy Star Rating in more than 50 points. The Energy Star Rating is significant on the LEED Rating as a building can score up to 10 points of the 23 available in the Energy & Atmosphere category on energy efficiency alone. As much as 8 points can be obtained in this category due to the Energy Star rating increment from the use of CHP systems. Clearly the use of CHP systems will help building owners to reach the benefits from these energy programs while improving the overall energy use and energy cost.
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Barrett, David S. O. "Cogeneration Using Bagasse and Fuelwood in the Jamaican Sugar Cane Industry." In ASME 2004 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2004-65187.
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The efficient application of biomass cogeneration, to produce heat and electrical energy for internal processing and non-process demands for 85% of the year, and the production of surplus electricity for exportation to the grid, is the natural trajectory for the Jamaican sugar cane industry. The case study, Frome Sugar Company Ltd., (59,430 tonnes sugar/yr.), has among other environmental benefits, potential avoided fuel costs of US $1.15 billion, sequestering 480,617 tons of carbon with a potential for US$2.4 million in revenue from joint partnering in a Clean Development Mechanism over a 15 year period. Through a US$22.26 million capital investment at 14% interest, and concomitant upgrade of process equipment, overall factory efficiencies can be greatly improved and these benefits obtained. The production of fuelwood from company plantations at US$8.90/ton can facilitate a unit cost of energy (UCE) of US$0.04/kWh, annual income of US$11.37 million and internal rate of return (IRR) of 11.3%. An equal generation capacity using fuel oil to meet surplus generation requirements would cost US$7.95 million in capital costs, UCE of US$0.04/kWh and IRR of 23%. However, legal, market and policy barriers must be removed as an incentive to activate sustainable national environmental, social and economic benefits.
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Marchi, John, and Robert Morgenstern. "Benefits of Conducting Periodic Critical Pump Hydraulic and Mechanical Performance Audits." In ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60130.
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The operability and efficiency of critical pumping equipment is essential. A cost-effective tool that has proven valuable in predictive and preventive maintenance and in the avoidance of unscheduled pumping equipment outages is a comprehensive program of periodic hydraulic and mechanical performance audits. This paper explains how hydraulic and mechanical field testing can be conducted without interrupting plant operations using non-intrusive measurement equipment including: ultrasonic flow measurements, vibration signature analysis, and for electric motor driven pumps, power and dielectric condition analysis. Methods and requirements to conduct the audits will be discussed and a case study with cost benefit analysis is presented. Pumps are basically energy transfer devices. The energy of the pump driver, e.g. electric motor, steam or gas turbine, reciprocating engine, is transferred into the pumpage to move it through the system at sufficient pressure to overcome system losses and meet process requirements. It is the efficient transference of the applied energy that is a critical consideration in pump design and operation. Efficiency of operation is of interest to everyone. The pump designer is motivated to maximize pump efficiency to remain competitive given the increasing cost of energy. However, the designer must not get overly zealous in the quest for pumping efficiency sacrificing reliability and durability. The end-user wants the most efficient pump with longest mean time between repair (MTBR) intervals to both reduce operating cost and minimizing production losses. With the reasons for maximizing pumping efficiencies and longer MTBR intervals established, the value of periodic in situ performance testing or auditing becomes an increasingly valuable and cost effective predictive and preventative maintenance tool.
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Maxey, L. C., J. E. Parks, D. L. Beshears, D. D. Earl, M. V. Lapsa, and J. D. Muhs. "Spectral Transmission of a Solar Collector and Fiber Optic Distribution Hybrid Lighting System." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36107.
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Increased use of solar energy will reduce requirements for non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels and reduce associated greenhouse gas emissions. The benefits of replacing fossil-based energy with solar energy are often dependent on the application and operational or duty cycle for power demand. One particularly efficient use of solar energy is hybrid lighting. In hybrid lighting, solar light is concentrated into optical fibers and then coupled with supplemental electrical lighting to maintain a constant level of illumination. The system is able to offer reliable lighting with less energy consumption from the electrical grid (which is often driven by non-renewable sources). This technique offers energy efficiency benefits since the solar light is used directly and suffers no conversion losses. Furthermore, the solar spectrum provides an illumination that lighting engineers value for it’s quality; office inhabitants appreciate for its comfort; and retailers believe leads to increased sales. When available solar light is low, the hybrid system allows traditional light sources to reliably meet lighting demands. The success of the solar hybrid lighting system is dependent on the collection and transmission efficiency of the system. In this study, the spectral transmission of a hybrid lighting system is characterized. The system is composed of a 200-sun concentration reflective solar collector and a plastic fiber optic distribution network. The ultraviolet (UV), visible, and near-infrared (NIR) spectral transmission was characterized over a spectral range of 200 nm to 2400 nm. The UV and NIR performance of the system is critical since optical fiber damage can be caused by both UV and NIR light; thus, optimal system design maximizes the collection and transmission of visible light while minimizing the transmission of the UV and NIR light. Spectral transmission data for all components in the hybrid system are presented, and performance properties relative to solar applications are discussed.
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Varpe, Mahesh K., and A. M. Pradeep. "Non-Axisymmetric Endwall Contouring in a Compressor Cascade With Tip Gap." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26725.
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This paper describes the design of a non-axisymmetric hub contouring in a shroudless axial flow compressor cascade operating at near stall condition. Although, an optimum tip clearance reduces the total pressure loss, further minimization of the losses using hub contouring was achieved. The design methodology presented here combines an evolutionary principle with a three-dimensional CFD flow solver to generate different geometric profiles of the hub systematically. The total pressure loss coefficient was used as a single objective function to guide the search process for the optimum hub geometry. The resulting three dimensionally complex hub promises considerable benefits discussed in detail in this paper. A reduction of 15.2% and 16.23% in the total pressure loss and secondary kinetic energy, respectively, was achieved in the wake. The blade loading was observed to improve by about 4.53%. Other complementary benefits are also listed in the paper. The results confirm that non-axisymmetric contouring is an effective method for reducing the losses and thereby improving the performance of the cascade.
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Weaver, Bryn M., and Harsha Wickramasinghe. "Dendro: Biomass Power From, By, and For the People of Sri Lanka." In ASME 2006 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2006-99068.
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Sri Lanka’s power crisis presents considerable challenges and opportunities as attempts are made to electrify the remaining 30% of non-grid connected areas and generate reliable power in a sustainable manner. Fifty percent of the energy needs in the country are being met with biomass, 70% of these are domestic rural users. Meeting Sri Lanka’s ever-growing electricity demand with fossil fuel imports is siphoning off 30% of export earnings annually. Biomass based electricity generation, commonly referred to as dendro power, has emerged as the most sustainable option in Sri Lanka to meet spiking demand. The Sri Lankan government’s Inter-Ministerial Working Committee (IMWC) on Electricity Generation from Biomass through Dendro Thermal Technology has developed a dendro thermal program whose salient feature is to add 100 MW of dendro capacity to the grid by 2010. Energy plantations of the woody plant, Gliricidia sepium, would extend over 200,000 hectares of land currently considered to be waste cropland. Income opportunities are expected for 100,000 families if the program is successful. Dendro, as a carbon-neutral source, offers a dual-purpose vehicle for rural citizens to be benefited with income and energy. The dendro program aims to supply grid, off-grid, rural industrial and household energy. This national program could result in significant environmental benefits, opportunities for poverty alleviation and support mechanisms for traditional rural industries. This report is a summary of IMWC’s Dendro Thermal Program, focusing on income avenues and economic impacts.
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Burke, Richard. "A Numerical Study of the Benefits of Electrically Assisted Boosting Systems." In ASME 2015 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2015-1061.
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An electric compressor and an electrically assisted turbocharger have been applied to a 2.0L Gasoline and a 2.2L Diesel engine 1D wave dynamic models. A novel approach is presented for evaluating transient response using swept frequency sine wave functions and Fourier Transforms. The maximum electrical power was limited to 6% of the maximum engine power (12kW and 5kW respectively). The systems were evaluated under steady state and transient conditions. Steady state simulations showed improved Brake Mean Effective Pressure (BMEP) at low engine speeds (below 2500rpm) but electric power demand was lower (3kW vs 8kW) when the electric compressor was on the high pressure side of the turbocharger. This was due to the surge limitation of the turbocharger compressor. The electrically assisted turbocharger offered little opportunity to increase low speed BMEP as it was constrained by compressor map width. Re-matching the turbo could address this but also compromise high engine speeds. BMEP frequency analysis was conducted in the region of 0.01–2Hz. This was repeated at fixed engine speeds between 1000rpm and 2000rpm. Spectral analysis of the simulated response showed that the non-assisted turbocharger could not follow the target for frequencies above 0.1Hz whereas the electrically-assisted device showed no appreciable drop in performance. When assessing the electric power consumption with the excitation frequency, a linear trend was observed at engine speeds below 1500rpm but more complex behavior was apparent above this speed where BMEP levels are high but exhaust energy was scarce.
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P. Pinto-Roa, Diego, Hernán Medina, Federico Román, Miguel García-Torres, Federico Divina, Francisco Gómez-Vela, Félix Morales, et al. "Parallel Evolutionary Biclustering of Short-term Electric Energy Consumption." In 2nd International Conference on Machine Learning &Trends (MLT 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.111110.
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The discovery and description of patterns in electric energy consumption time series is fundamental for timely management of the system. A bicluster describes a subset of observation points in a time period in which a consumption pattern occurs as abrupt changes or instabilities homogeneously. Nevertheless, the pattern detection complexity increases with the number of observation points and samples of the study period. In this context, current bi-clustering techniques may not detect significant patterns given the increased search space. This study develops a parallel evolutionary computation scheme to find biclusters in electric energy. Numerical simulations show the benefits of the proposed approach, discovering significantly more electricity consumption patterns compared to a state-of-the-art non-parallel competitive algorithm.
Reports on the topic "Non-energy benefits"
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Sutter, Mary, Jenn Mitchell-Jackson, Steven Schiller, Lisa Schwartz, and Ian Hoffman. Applying Non-Energy Impacts from Other Jurisdictions in Cost-Benefit Analyses of Energy Efficiency Programs: Resources for States for Utility Customer-Funded Programs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1631673.
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Ashley, Caitlyn, Elizabeth Spencer Berthiaume, Philip Berzin, Rikki Blassingame, Stephanie Bradley Fryer, John Cox, E. Samuel Crecelius, et al. Law and Policy Resource Guide: A Survey of Eminent Domain Law in Texas and the Nation. Edited by Gabriel Eckstein. Texas A&M University School of Law Program in Natural Resources Systems, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/eenrs.eminentdomainguide.
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Eminent Domain is the power of the government or quasi-government entities to take private or public property interests through condemnation. Eminent Domain has been a significant issue since 1879 when, in the case of Boom Company v. Patterson, the Supreme Court first acknowledged that the power of eminent domain may be delegated by state legislatures to agencies and non-governmental entities. Thus, the era of legal takings began. Though an important legal dispute then, more recently eminent domain has blossomed into an enduring contentious social and political problem throughout the United States. The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution states, “nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.” Thus, in the wake of the now infamous decision in Kelo v. City of New London, where the Court upheld the taking of private property for purely economic benefit as a “public use,” the requirement of “just compensation” stands as the primary defender of constitutionally protected liberty under the federal constitution. In response to Kelo, many state legislatures passed a variety of eminent domain reforms specifically tailoring what qualifies as a public use and how just compensation should be calculated. Texas landowners recognize that the state’s population is growing at a rapid pace. There is an increasing need for more land and resources such as energy and transportation. But, private property rights are equally important, especially in Texas, and must be protected as well. Eminent domain and the condemnation process is not a willing buyer and willing seller transition; it is a legally forced sale. Therefore, it is necessary to consider further improvements to the laws that govern the use of eminent domain so Texas landowners can have more assurance that this process is fair and respectful of their private property rights when they are forced to relinquish their land. This report compiles statutes and information from the other forty-nine states to illustrate how they address key eminent domain issues. Further, this report endeavors to provide a neutral third voice in Texas to strike a more appropriate balance between individual’s property rights and the need for increased economic development. This report breaks down eminent domain into seven major topics that, in addition to Texas, seemed to be similar in many of the other states. These categories are: (1) Awarding of Attorneys’ Fee; (2) Compensation and Valuation; (3) Procedure Prior to Suit; (4) Condemnation Procedure; (5) What Cannot be Condemned; (6) Public Use & Authority to Condemn; and (7) Abandonment. In analyzing these seven categories, this report does not seek to advance a particular interest but only to provide information on how Texas law differs from other states. This report lays out trends seen across other states that are either similar or dissimilar to Texas, and additionally, discusses interesting and unique laws employed by other states that may be of interest to Texas policy makers. Our research found three dominant categories which tend to be major issues across the country: (1) the awarding of attorneys’ fees; (2) the valuation and measurement of just compensation; and (3) procedure prior to suit.