Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-enzymatic antioxidants

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Non-enzymatic antioxidants'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-enzymatic antioxidants"

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Roy, Uttam Kumer, Birthe Vejby Nielsen, and John James Milledge. "Antioxidant Production in Dunaliella." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 3959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093959.

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Microalgae have become an attractive natural source of a diverse range of biomolecules, including enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants; nevertheless, economically sustainable production of such compounds from microalgae biomass is still challenging. The main hurdles are: (a) increasing microalgae yield; (b) achieving optimal cultivation conditions; (c) energy-efficient and cost-effective downstream processing (extraction and purification); (d) optimal storage of post-processed antioxidant molecules. This review provides a detailed overview of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in the cellular metabolism of the commercially important microalgae Dunaliella, industrial applications of antioxidant enzymes, strategies to enhanced antioxidant accumulation in cells, and the opportunities and limitations of current technologies for antioxidant enzymes production from microalgae biomass as an alternative to common microbial sources.
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Kumar, Vinoth, Malliga Elangovan, and Raja Sekar Srinivasan. "Enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activity of Pergularia tomentosa against carbon tetra chloride induced hepatic damage in Wistar albino rats." Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research 7, no. 6 (December 5, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24896/jmbr.2017761.

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Many oxidative stress related disease are due to accumulation of free radicals in the body which causes cell injury. In this study, the enzymatic antioxidants (Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione-s-transferase, Glutathione peroxidase, Ascorbate oxidase and Polyphenoloxidase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (Total reduced glutathione and Vitamin C) activities were determined using Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) rat liver as experimental model. The ethanol and chloroform extract showed noticeable increases in enzymatic antioxidant and non- enzymatic antioxidant and thus capability to scavenge the free radicals and protect against oxidative stress causing diseases. Thus, the present study indicates that the plant may be clinically valuable agent in the prevention of hepatic failure caused by CCl4 intoxication.
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P., Kavitha, and Sowmia C. "ANTIOXIDANT EFFECT OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION IN ISOPRENALINE HYDROCHLORIDE INDUCED MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN RATS." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2017): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i10.20310.

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Objective: Myocardial infarction (MI) continues to be a major public health problem in the world. The prepared polyherbal formulation (PHF) exhibit cardioprotective effects by several mechanisms. The objective of the research was to evaluate the antioxidant effect of a polyherbal formulation in isoprenaline hydrochloride (ISO) induced myocardial infarction in rats.Methods: Oxidative stress and myocardial infarction was induced by administration of isoprenaline hydrochloride (25 mg/kg) for 2 d. The degree of protection was determined by measuring the levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO), enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase-SOD, Catalase, Glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (Vitamin C, E and reduced glutathione-GSH).Results: Two different doses (250 mg and 500 mg/kg body wt) of the formulation was used to prove the cardioprotective effect. Pretreatment with polyherbal formulation significantly (P<0.05) lowered LPO and elevated the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in heart homogenate.Conclusion: The polyherbal formulation exhibited cardioprotective activity, which could be attributed to its antioxidant activity.
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Nivedithadevi, D., M. Arivalagan, and R. Somasundaram. "Plant growth regulators alters antioxidant metabolisms in Solanum trilobatum L.: An underutilized medicinal herb." Journal of Medicinal Botany 1 (June 1, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25081/jmb.2017.v1.51.

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In this study, the changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants of Solanum trilobatum was estimated upon treatment with plant growth regulators (PGR) like Abscisic acid (ABA), Paclobutrazol (PBZ) and Salicylic acid (SA). The given treatments were started at 70th day followed by 80th, 90th and 100th Days After Sowing (DAS). The groups were treated with respect growth hormones by spraying method to ABA 10 µg L-1, PBZ 10 mg L-1 and SA 500 µg L-1 concentrations. The plant was harvested on 80th, 90th, 100th and 110th DAS and analyzed the non-enzymatic antioxidants like Reduced glutathione (GSH), Ascorbic acid (AA) and α-tocopherol contents and enzymatic antioxidants like Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POX), Catalase (CAT) and Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities. In all the non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant contents were increased by the growth regulators to a significant extent when compared with control plants. In our results indicated that the ABA, PBZ and SA applications at low concentration can be used as a potential tool to increase defence mechanisms in medicinal plants.
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Živković, Jelena, Slavica Sunarić, Nataša Trutić, Marko Denić, Gordana Kocić, and Tatjana Jovanović. "Antioxidants and Antioxidant Capacity of Human Milk / Antioksidansi i antioksidativni kapacitet humanog mleka." Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afmnai-2015-0012.

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SUMMARY Milk contains plenty of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant components that probably account for the vital antioxidant protection of the infants at early stages of life against the development of complications induced by oxygen free radicals. Indigenous milk enzymes play a key role in regulating lactogenesis, including active involution of mammary gland. Moreover, they are essential constituents of antioxidation and the innate immune system of milk. Among antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase and selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase have been demonstrated in human milk. Mainly, the enzyme content of colostrum is higher than that in corresponding mature milk. Beside lipophilic antioxidant in human milk, tocopherols, carotenoids and vitamin A are of great interest. Those components demonstrate the highest levels in colostrum and decline during early lactation, despite the fact that total lipids increase. The complete list of active antioxidant components in human milk is not yet known. This review reports the main findings of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as antioxidant capacity of human milk. Synergism of action of several antioxidants helps to eliminate free radicals in newborns. Bearing in mind that milk contains a number of antioxidants, many reactions are possible and it is difficult to define the exact contribution and function of each antioxidant. Besides qualitative and quantitative analysis of human milk antioxidants, the measurement of total antioxidant capacity could be a useful tool for examination of this dynamic, complex fluid
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Petrulova, Veronika, Maria Vilkova, Zuzana Kovalikova, Matus Sajko, and Miroslav Repcak. "Ethylene Induction of Non-Enzymatic Metabolic Antioxidants in Matricaria chamomilla." Molecules 25, no. 23 (December 3, 2020): 5720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235720.

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Phytochemical investigations of Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae) stated the presence of several compounds with an established therapeutic and antioxidant potential. The chamomile non-enzymatic antioxidant system includes low molecular mass compounds, mainly polyphenols such as cinnamic, hydroxybenzoic and chlorogenic acids, flavonoids and coumarins. The objective of this work was to evaluate the role of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system after stimulation by ethylene in tetraploid chamomile plants. Seven days of ethylene treatment significantly increased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, which influenced the biosynthesis of protective polyphenols in the first step of their biosynthetic pathway. Subsequently, considerable enhanced levels of phenolic metabolites with a substantial antioxidant effect (syringic, vanillic and caffeic acid, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, quercetin, luteolin, daphnin, and herniarin) were determined by HPLC-DAD-MS. The minimal information on the chlorogenic acids function in chamomile led to the isolation and identification of 5-O-feruloylquinic acid. It is accumulated during normal conditions, but after the excessive effect of abiotic stress, its level significantly decreases and levels of other caffeoylquinic acids enhance. Our results suggest that ethephon may act as a stimulant of the production of pharmaceutically important non-enzymatic antioxidants in chamomile leaves and thus, lead to an overall change in phytochemical content and therapeutic effects of chamomile plants, as well.
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G Kalekar, Madhav, Balasaheb H Jadhav, Syed Abdul Jaweed, and Poornima Shelke. "Comparative evaluation of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in alzheimer dementia." International Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Research 7, no. 2 (June 15, 2020): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijcbr.2020.050.

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Abdou, Doaa M., Hanaa A. Saied, and Yasmine M. Amrousy. "Role of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants among Egyptian neonatal sepsis." Comparative Clinical Pathology 30, no. 4 (June 19, 2021): 635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00580-021-03254-9.

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Sulthana, S. Mehar, S. Nandha Kumar, M. G. Sridhar, B. Vishnu Bhat, and K. Ramachandra Rao. "Levels of Non Enzymatic Antioxidants in Down Syndrome." Indian Journal of Pediatrics 79, no. 11 (June 8, 2012): 1473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12098-012-0795-8.

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Mirończuk-Chodakowska, Iwona, Anna Maria Witkowska, and Małgorzata Elżbieta Zujko. "Endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants in the human body." Advances in Medical Sciences 63, no. 1 (March 2018): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advms.2017.05.005.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-enzymatic antioxidants"

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Santi, Adriana. "ALTERAÇÕES BIOQUÍMICAS E ESTRESSE OXIDATIVO ASSOCIADOS AO HIPOTIREOIDISMO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8955.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Overt hypothyroidism is characterized by decreased of thyroid hormones synthesis, with elevation of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). It s a common disorder in population with highest prevalence in women and with aging. Frequently is associated with lipid metabolism alterations, represented by lipid parameters elevation and consequently with atherosclerosis development. The association between hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress already well established, however oxidative stress presence in hypothyroidism is controversy. The oxidative stress is characterized by an increase in oxygen reactive species (ROS) generation or antioxidant system deficiency. In the present study were determined biochemical and oxidative stress biomarkers in overt hypothyroidism patients. The biochemical markers, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol(C-LDL), cholesterol HDL (C-HDL) and trycerides (TG) were measured in serum samples in these patients. Lipid peroxidation was measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. Antioxidant system evaluation was performed by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) actvities and non-enzymatic antioxidants levels were evaluated by reduced glutathione (GSH) and vitamin E (VIT E) levels.The results demonstrated an increase in biochemical markers (TC, C-LDL and TG) in hypothyroid group, when compared to control group. In relation to lipid peroxidation, was observed an increased in TBARS levels in patients with hypothyroidism when compared to control group. The same was observed for antioxidants defenses SOD and CAT. Nonenzymatic antioxidants, such vitamin E, were higher in hypothyroid group in relation to controls, while GSH levels remained unchanged with hypothyroidism. These results suggest the association between overt hypothyroidism and hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress. The high levels of cholesterol presented by hypothyroidism patients, has a stronger influence under oxygen reactive species (ROS) generation and in consequence under the oxidative stress. The increase in SOD and CAT activities, suggest antioxidant system induction as a mechanism to combat the ROS generation and high lipid peroxidation. In conclusion, overt hypothyroidism has association with hypercholesterolemia and oxidative stress biomarkers increase.
O hipotireoidismo clínico é caracterizado pela diminuição na síntese dos hormônios tireoideanos, com elevação dos níveis do hormônio tireoestimulante (TSH). É uma desordem comum na população com maior incidência no sexo feminino e com a progressão da idade. Freqüentemente está associado a alterações no metabolismo lipídico, representadas pela elevação nos parâmetros lipídicos e consequentemente com o desenvolvimento de aterosclerose. A associação entre hipercolesterolemia e estresse oxidativo já é bem estabelecida, entretanto a presença de estresse oxidativo no hipotireoidismo é controversa. O estresse oxidativo é caracterizado por um aumento na produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) ou deficiência do sistema antioxidante. Neste trabalho determinaram-se marcadores bioquímicos e de estresse oxidativo em pacientes com hipotireoidismo clínico. Os marcadores bioquímicos, colesterol total (CT), colesterol-LDL (LDL-C), colesterol HDL (HDL-C) e triglicerídeos (TG) foram medidos em soro dos pacientes. A peroxidação lipídica foi medida através dos níveis de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS). A avaliação do sistema antioxidante enzimático foi realizada através da medida da atividade das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD) e catalase (CAT) e os níveis de antioxidantes não-enzimáticos através dos níveis de tióis totais (SH) e vitamina E (VIT E). Os resultados demonstraram um aumento dos marcadores bioquímicos (CT, LDL-C e TG) no grupo hipotireóideo, com relação ao grupo controle. Em relação a peroxidação lipídica, observou-se um aumento dos níveis séricos de TBARS de pacientes com hipotireoidismo quando comparados com o grupo controle. Esse aumento também foi observado para as defesas antioxidantes enzimáticas, SOD e CAT. Com relação aos antioxidantes não-enzimáticos, ocorreu um aumento nos níveis séricos de VIT E no grupo hipotireóideo com relação ao grupo controle, enquanto que para SH não foi observada diferença entre os grupos estudados. Estes resultados sugerem a associação do hipotireoidismo clínico com hipercolesterolemia e estresse oxidativo. Os altos níveis de colesterol apresentados pelos pacientes com hipotireoidismo, exercem forte influência sobre a geração de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e por conseqüência sobre o estresse oxidativo. Os aumentos das enzimas SOD e CAT, sugerem a indução do sistema antioxidante enzimático, na tentativa de combater a formação de ERO e a elevada peroxidação lipídica. Concluí-se então, que o hipotireoidismo clínico, está associado à hipercolesterolemia e ao aumento dos biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo.
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Nagai, Alice. "Interação planta-patógeno: análises químicas em Solanum pimpinellifolium L. e Solanum lycopersicum \'VFNT\' infectadas pelo tomato mottle mosaic virus." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-22012018-111200/.

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As plantas se defendem do ataque de patógenos através de um sistema imune composto por duas fases. A primeira delas é mediada por receptores localizados na membrana celular ou intracelularmente, os quais são conhecidos como receptores de reconhecimento padrão (do inglês, pattern recognition receptors - PRR). Esses receptores reconhecem moléculas derivadas de microrganismos, as quais são conservadas evolutivamente e são chamadas de padrões moleculares associados a patógenos (do inglês, pathogen-associated molecular patterns - PAMPs). Esse reconhecimento dispara uma resposta de defesa conhecida como PTI (do inglês, PAMP-triggerd immunity - PTI). Alguns patógenos foram aptos a sintetizar moléculas capazes de suprimir a PTI e essas moléculas são denominadas de efetores. A resposta que ocorre devido à ação dos efetores é chamada de susceptibilidade disparada por efetores (do inglês, effector-triggered susceptibility - ETS). Entretanto, plantas resistentes podem reconhecer os efetores através de proteínas de resistência localizadas intracelularmente, ativando a imunidade disparada por efetores (do inglês, effector-triggeredimmunity - ETI). De modo geral, as respostas advindas da PTI e da ETI são similares, mas a segunda é ativada mais rapidamente e é mediada por um único gene de resistência R. Por essa razão, a ETI é conhecida como uma resposta à doença qualitativa e as plantas não desenvolvem sintomas, caracterizando a interação incompatível. Por outro lado, a PTI é mediada por diversos genes e as respostas de defesa são tardias, possibilitando a disseminação do patógeno pelas células da planta e a ocorrência da doença, o que caracteriza a interação compatível. Nas respostas de defesa, moléculas como o óxido nítrico, as poliaminas e o ácido salicílico participam do processo de sinalização. O sistema antioxidante da planta é ativado de modo a mitigar os efeitos das espécies reativas de oxigênio e o metabolismo da planta é alterado. Dessa maneira, o estudo das respostas de defesa contra patógenos, pode ser uma ferramenta útil para estabelecer controles efetivos para as doenças de plantas
Plants defend themselves from pathogen attack through an active immunity system composed by two phases. The first is mediated by cell surface and intracellular pattern recognition receptors (PRR), which recognizes conserved molecules derived from microbes known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). This recognition triggers a defense response called PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Throughout evolution, pathogens were able to synthesize molecules capable of suppressing PTI. These molecules are named effectors and they are responsible for effector-triggered susceptibility (ETS). However, resistant plants can recognize effectors by intracellular resistance (R) proteins, initiating effector-triggered immunity (ETI). In general, responses derived from PTI and ETI are the same, but the latter is activated faster and is mediated by a single R gene. For this reason, ETI-response is also known as qualitative disease response (QDR) and plants do not develop disease symptoms, characterizing the incompatible interaction. On the other hand, PTI is mediated by several genes and the defense response is delayed, enabling the pathogen to spread out and to cause disease. This interaction is known as compatible. In defense responses, molecules like nitric oxide, polyamines and salicylic acid can participate in signaling process. The antioxidant system can be activated to quench the ROS effects and the plant metabolism is altered. In this sense, studying defense responses against pathogens can help to develop tools to establish effective control methods for plant disease
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Moreira, Inês Neto. "Mecanismos antioxidantes de resposta ao stresse induzido por metais tóxicos em nabiças." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4480.

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Mlambo, Sibonani Sandra. "Active biomonitoring (ABM) of the Rietvlei Wetland System using antioxidant enzymes, non-enzymatic antioxidants and histopathology as biomarkers." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/1192.

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M.Sc.
The main objective of this study was to perform active biomonitoring in the Rietlvlei Wetland System. Active biomonitoring, which can be defined as “the translocation of organisms from one place to another and quantifying their biochemical, physiological and/or organismal responses for the purpose of water quality monitoring” (De Kock and Kramer, 1994), has several advantages over the chemical monitoring system. Effluents often are complex and poorly characterized mixtures of a large number of chemicals. A combination of many chemicals being present in very small amounts (even below detection limits) can have a substantial impact on organisms, and a chemical-based approach may not identify the source of pollution nor will effect of synergism or antagonism be taken into account (Smolders et al., 2003). A suite of biomarkers of oxidative stress and histopathology were investigated in the fish Oreochromis mossambicus and the mollusk Melanoides tuberculata. The organisms were bred under laboratory conditions. They were deployed during the high-flow and low-flow periods, in cages at three sites down the flow gradient of the Rietvlei wetland system, to determine spatial and temporal variations in biomarker responses and general water chemistry in the system. The oxidative stress biomarkers analyzed were catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (GPx), as well as levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation as malondialdehyde (MDA). There was evidence of presence of chemicals inducing oxidative stress in the organisms as indicated by the high levels of MDA, GSH and GPx. Induction of CAT and SOD was not substantial due to possible inhibitory factors. This study established that organism transplantation is a feasible strategy for biomonitoring. Overall, no distinct variations were observed in the spatial and temporal comparisons in all the biomarker responses. The findings of this investigation also provide a basis for further investigation into the application of these biomarkers in ecological risk assessment.
Dr. V. Wepener
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Huang, Sheng-Wen, and 黃聖雯. "Non-enzymatic Antioxidant Activity of Four Organosulfur Compounds Derived from Garlic." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77512168960192676560.

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碩士
中山醫學大學
營養科學研究所
90
The non-enzymatic antioxidant activity of diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, n-acetyl-cysteine and s-ethyl-cysteine was studied in liposomal system, in which Cu2+ was used to induce oxidation. The influence of pH and temperature upon the antioxidant effects of these organosulfur compounds was also evaluated. The results showed these compounds at 10μΜ significantly delayed lipid oxidation (p＜0.05). These antioxidant activity of these compounds might be from their Cu2+ -chelating ability and reducing power. On the other hand, the combination of these organosulfur agents with four antibiotics (amphotericin B, ceftazidime, gentamicin, meropenem) resulted in significantly lower lipid oxidation levels than antibiotics treatments alone (p＜0.05). The results of this study suggested that these agents were potent novel antioxidants and would be benefit for preventing or controlling oxidation-related disease. Keywords: garlic, organosulfur compounds, antibiotics, lipid oxidation
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Book chapters on the topic "Non-enzymatic antioxidants"

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Das, Somenath, and Arpan Mukherjee. "Impact of Plant Growth-Promoting Microbes (PGPM) in Plant Disease Management by Inducing Non-enzymatic Antioxidants." In Antioxidants in Plant-Microbe Interaction, 291–303. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1350-0_13.

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Ramadoss, Bharathi Raja, Usharani Subramanian, Manivannan Alagarsamy, and Manu Pratap Gangola. "Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants' Significant Role in Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants." In Organic Solutes, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Enzymes Under Abiotic Stressors, 365–92. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003022879-18.

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Shahedul Alam, Muhammad, Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef, and Md Ashrafuzzaman. "Ozone and Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Enzymes in Plants." In Organic Solutes, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Enzymes Under Abiotic Stressors, 353–64. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003022879-17.

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Benzie, Iris F. F., and Malegaddi Devaki. "The ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay for non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity: concepts, procedures, limitations and applications." In Measurement of Antioxidant Activity & Capacity, 77–106. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119135388.ch5.

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Saroy, Kiran, and Neera Garg. "Role of Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Imparting Heavy Metal, Salt, Water and Temperature Stress Tolerance in Plants." In Organic Solutes, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Enzymes Under Abiotic Stressors, 321–38. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003022879-15.

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Eddaikra, Atika, and Naouel Eddaikra. "Endogenous Enzymatic Antioxidant Defense and Pathologies." In Antioxidants - Benefits, Sources, Mechanisms of Action. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95504.

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Oxidative stress is an important component of various diseases. It manifests as an imbalance caused by an excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are associated with a deficit of antioxidant activity. This deficit can be the consequence of genetic factors, environmental ones, metabolic imbalance, toxicity or direct attacks by the accumulation of free radicals. These can induce metabolic dysfunction affecting biological macromolecules in their structures or activities. From a physiological perspective, the neutralization of free radicals is ensured by enzymatic, antioxidant and non-enzymatic defense systems. In the present chapter, we will focus on the endogenous enzymatic antioxidant defense system such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPxs), thioredoxin (Trx) and paraxonase which play an important role in homeostatic redox balance. Also, we will review this set of antioxidants enzymes within different pathological states such as diabetes, cancer, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s or parasitic diseases such as Leishmaniasis and Malaria.
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Mahmood Shakir, Huda. "Antioxidant and Infertility." In Antioxidants - Benefits, Sources, Mechanisms of Action. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95791.

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Unexplained sub-fertility is commonly identified if couples fail to conceive after 1 yr. of everyday unprotected sexual intercourse even though investigations for ovulation, tubal patency and semen evaluation are ordinary. Many previous studies had shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in human fertility. Free radicals are neutralized by an elaborate antioxidant defense system. In a healthy body, pro-oxidants and antioxidants maintain a ratio and a shift in this ratio towards pro-oxidants gives rise to oxidative stress. There are two types of antioxidants in the human body: enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Under normal conditions, antioxidants convert ROS to H2O to prevent overproduction of ROS. All cells in the human body are capable of synthesizing glutathione specially the liver. Free radicals appear to have a physiological role in female reproductive system in many different processes such as: oocyte maturation, fertilization, luteal regression, endometrial shedding and progesterone production by the corpus luteum. Protection from ROS is afforded by scavengers present in both male and female reproductive tract fluids, as well as in seminal plasma elevated concentrations of ROS in these environments may have detrimental effects on the spermatozoa, oocytes, sperm oocyte interaction and embryos both in the Fallopian tube and the peritoneal cavity; therefore oxidative stress modulates a host of reproductive pathologies affecting natural fertility in a woman’s life.
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Radulescu, Cristiana, Lavinia Claudia Buruleanu, Andreea Antonia Georgescu, and Ioana Daniela Dulama. "Correlation between Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants in Several Edible Mushrooms Species." In Food Engineering. IntechOpen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82578.

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Singh Makhaik, Manju, Arvind K. Shakya, and Raosaheb Kale. "Dietary Phytochemicals: As a Natural Source of Antioxidants." In Antioxidants - Benefits, Sources, Mechanisms of Action. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99159.

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Since time immemorial, plants are used as the source of food and medicine. It can be traced back to the start of humanity. Bringing plant-based food, such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, rich in phytochemicals, with beneficial nutrients, opens the door for healthy living. The health benefits are partly attributed to the compounds which possess antioxidants. Several epidemiological observations have shown an opposite relationship between consumption of plant-based foods, rich in phytochemicals, and many diseases including cancer. The majority of the ailments are related to oxidative stress induced by free radicals. Free radicals are extremely unstable with a very short half-life, highly reactive molecule which leads to oxidative damage to macromolecules such as proteins, DNA, and lipids. Free radical induced cellular inflammation appears to be a major contributing factor to cause aging, and degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hepatic diseases, renal ailments, and brain dysfunction. Free radicals have been caught up in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Providentially, free radical formation is controlled naturally by phytochemicals, through their antioxidant potential which plays a key role in preventing many diseases including cancer by suppressing oxidative stress-induced DNA damage. Keeping these facts in mind, an attempt has been made to highlight the oxidative stress, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant, dietary phytochemicals and their role of in disease prevention and cure.
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10

Lee, Chanjae, Min K. Bae, and Sung-Jae Lee. "An Antioxidant Defense System in Radiation-Resistant Bacterium Deinococcus geothermalis against Oxidative Stress." In Antioxidants - Benefits, Sources, Mechanisms of Action. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95658.

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Abstract:
A radiation-resistant bacterium, Deinococcus geothermalis has various stress response mechanisms, including antioxidation. Features that maintain vitality at high radiation doses include the following: enzymatic scavengers of ROS such as catalase, SOD, and peroxidase; strain-specific DNA repair systems such as Deinococcal unique proteins; non-enzymatic responses such as manganese complexes, carotenoids, and DNA-binding proteins. This chapter summarizes the primary response mechanism by redox balance centered on the cystine transporter. It also reviews action characteristics of DNA-binding protein Dps and a putative LysR family protein, and effects on loss of function of the carotenoid biosynthesis genes by transposition of insertion sequences. Environmental adaptation and molecular evolution of radiation-resistant bacterium are also considered to explain the potentials of molecular behavior induced by oxidative stress.
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Conference papers on the topic "Non-enzymatic antioxidants"

1

Klementeva, T. N., A. S. Artemchenko, M. V. Tyurin, E. S. Kosman, N. A. Kryukova, O. V. Polenogova, and V. V. Glupov. "EFFECT OF LARVAE NUTRITION WITH ANTIBIOTICS ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WAX MOTH GALLERIA MELLONELLA (L.) IN A SERIES OF GENERATIONS." In V International Scientific Conference CONCEPTUAL AND APPLIED ASPECTS OF INVERTEBRATE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND BIOLOGICAL EDUCATION. Tomsk State University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-931-0-2020-16.

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Abstract:
The wax moth (Galleria mellonella; Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) lines have been obtained as a result of the artificial diet with broad-spectrum antibiotic selection. An influence of that diet on the insect’s physiological parameters was examined through several generations. A significant increase in the activity of a number of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants because of artificial diet with antibiotic has been observed in the midgut of the wax moth daughter generations. Observed changes in the midgut enzymes activity and increase of antioxidants level are denote a damage in the gut tissues.
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2

"The gene expression level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant system of potato plants under chloride salinity." In Plant Genetics, Genomics, Bioinformatics, and Biotechnology. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/plantgen2019-118.

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