Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-equilibrium structures

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Non-equilibrium structures'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-equilibrium structures"

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MEZZENGA, R. "Equilibrium and non-equilibrium structures in complex food systems." Food Hydrocolloids 21, no. 5-6 (July 2007): 674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2006.08.019.

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O'Connor, D. J., Y. G. Shen, and J. Yao. "Equilibrium and non-equilibrium surface structures of Al/Pd(001)." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 135, no. 1-4 (February 1998): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-583x(97)00517-x.

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Verichev, N. N. "Stability of structures in non-equilibrium systems." Computational Continuum Mechanics 6, no. 1 (2013): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7242/1999-6691/2013.6.1.3.

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Luding, Stefan. "Structures and non-equilibrium dynamics in granular media." Comptes Rendus Physique 3, no. 2 (January 2002): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1631-0705(02)01308-7.

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Prudnikov, Pavel V., Vladimir V. Prudnikov, Alexandr N. Purtov, Marina V. Mamonova, and Natalia I. Piskunova. "Non-equilibrium critical dynamics of multilayer magnetic structures." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 470 (January 2019): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2017.11.084.

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Vilar, J. M. G., and J. M. Rubı́. "Ordering periodic spatial structures by non-equilibrium fluctuations." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 277, no. 3-4 (March 2000): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(99)00470-7.

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Zerbi, G., L. Castellani, B. Chierichetti, C. Gallazzi, and O. Ingänas. "Non-equilibrium structures and geometry relaxation in polyoctylthiophene." Chemical Physics Letters 172, no. 2 (August 1990): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2614(90)87287-2.

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Vitusevich, S. A., S. V. Danylyuk, M. V. Petrychuk, O. A. Antoniuk, N. Klein, and A. E. Belyaev. "Equilibrium and non-equilibrium 1/f noise in AlGaN/GaN TLM structures." Applied Surface Science 238, no. 1-4 (November 2004): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.05.205.

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Sun, Kai, and Bu-lin Liu. "Equilibrium and non-equilibrium of two-arch structures in the solar atmosphere." Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 13, no. 4 (December 1989): 432–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0275-1062(89)90043-x.

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Fujita, Hiroshi. "Non-equilibrium phase formation." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (August 1990): 506–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100175661.

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The most important advantage of EM’s is in situ experiments on detailed processes of the same phenomena that occur in bulk materials. In recent years, in situ experiments with HVEM’s, in particular with a 3MV ultra-HVEM , has made it possible to create non-equilibrium phases, which do not exist in nature, or to control and design materials on an atomic scale. Namely, HVEM’s have developed to “Micro-Laboratory”, in which various material-treatments can be done, for natural science from powerful tools for characterization and/or identification of materials.l.The General Rule for Solid Amorphization The author and his cowerkers have succeeded in making amorphous solids of intermetallic compounds by high energy electron irradiation. Using the electron irradiation effect, necessary conditions for the formation of both non-equilibrium phases and extremly supersaturated solid structures[3,4] can be easily and precisely controlled.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-equilibrium structures"

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Qian, Bin. "Laser sintered materials with Non-equilibrium structures." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för material- och miljökemi (MMK), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-101096.

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This thesis is focused on achieving materials with non-equilibrium structures fabricated by high-energy laser sintering. The chosen precursor materials have rigid and inert structures like high-melting point ceramics or metals. It was necessary to use real-time monitoring of temperature and spectrum profiles for selecting the optimal laser parameters for the laser sintering process. This monitoring was done by an off-axial setup that also controls the surface morphologies during the laser irradiation process. The laser focal spot receives very high temperatures and subsequent extreme cooling rates within a short time period. New non-equilibrium structures will emerge ruled by kinetics, huge temperature gradients or stresses and freeze by quenching in solid state. These material structures were found to form at different length scales from nano- to macro-level, frequently by a hierarchical ordering. This opens a method to engineer materials with both hierarchical and non-equilibrium structures by a single operation in both metal and ceramics by laser sintering. In the Co-Cr-Mo alloy system, structures on three levels of lengths were observed, namely i) nano-level structures dominated by the grain boundary segregation; ii) micron-level structures characterized by the interlocked clusters of columns; and iii) macro-level structures defined by the selected laser scan patterns. The non-equilibrium structures of the Co-Cr-Mo alloy are related to mechanical, corrosion and bio-compatibility properties. In ZrO2 ceramics, the final product had a non-equilibrium nano- and micron-sized structure created by uneven absorption of laser energy and rupture. The structure inside the micron-sized grains is formed through ordered coalescence of nano-crystals. Properties of the laser sintered materials were established and related to the observed structures. The materials properties might be tailored by controlling the structures in different levels and potential applications of the new materials will be given.

At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Accepted. Paper 3: Accepted. Paper 4: Submitted. Paper 5: Manuscript.

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Zhang, Qingteng. "Properties of Ferroelectric Perovskite Structures under Non-equilibrium Conditions." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4422.

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Ferroelectric materials have received lots of attention thanks to their intriguing properties such as the piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects, as well as the large dielectric constants and the spontaneous polarization which can potentially be used for information storage. In particular, perovskite crystal has a very simple unit cell structure yet a very rich phase transition diagram, which makes it one of the most intensively studied ferroelectric materials. In this dissertation, we use effective Hamiltonian, a first-principles-based computational technique to study the finite-temperature properties of ferroelectric perovskites. We studied temperature-graded (BaxSr1-x )TiO3 (BST) bulk alloys as well as the dynamics of nanodomain walls (nanowalls) in Pb(ZrxTi1-x )O3 (PZT) ultra-thin films under the driving force of an AC field. Our computations suggest that, for the temperature-graded BST, the polarization responds to the temperature gradient (TG), with the "up" and "down" offset observed in polarization components along the direction of TG, in agreement with the findings from experiments. For the nanowalls in PZT, the dynamics can be described by the damped-harmonic-oscillator model, and we observed a size-driven transition from resonance to relaxational dynamics at a critical thickness of 7.2 nm. The transition originates from the change in the effective mass of a nanowall as a film thickness increases. Some of the findings may find potential applications in various devices, such as thermal sensors, energy converters, or novel memory units.
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Decoster, Thibault. "Stabilising alloys in non-equilibrium crystal structures by epitaxial growth." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3849/.

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Thin film and surface science is an active field with important technological applications as illustrated by the transistor and by the recording head. This thesis relates thin film and surface science experiments applied to quasicrystalline materials, ferromagnetic alloys and electron tomography. These systems have strong potentials for technological applications. Epitaxial deposition is a powerful tool to create structures which are non-stable in the bulk state. For a better understanding of the quasicrystals' physical properties, one wants to grow quasicrystalline thin films of reduced chemical complexity. Single elements don't form quasicrystalline thin films beyond a monolayer. This thesis reports the successful growth of binary AlNi quasicrystal thin films in the multilayer regime. This thesis reports also detailed analysis of annealing and phase transition related structures on different surface orientations of d-AlNiCo. The equilibrium structure of MnSb is of the NiAs type but other structures with theoretical 100% polarisation can be stabilised by epitaxy. The surface magnetism of the MnSb thin film with equilibrium bulk structure grown on GaAs(111) has been imaged by spin-polarised low-energy electron microscopy revealing the spin direction mapping of magnetic domains at the surface of MnSb. Atomic resolution is routinely obtained with the current generation of transmission electron microscopes. For three-dimensional atomic resolution, the problem is to obtain suitable samples. In this thesis, we report the development of instruments and a methodology to fabricate atomically flat terraces with nanometre dimension at the tip of etched tungsten wires and the MBE growth of Au clusters on these terraces.
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Heimes, Andreas Franz [Verfasser], and G. [Akademischer Betreuer] Schön. "Non-equilibrium quasiparticles and topological excitations in hybrid superconducting structures / Andreas Franz Heimes. Betreuer: G. Schön." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1064940102/34.

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Narayanan, Vindhya. "Non-equilibrium Thermomechanics of Multifunctional Energetic Structural Materials." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7570.

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Shock waves create a unique environment of high pressure, high temperature and high strain-rates. It has been observed that chemical reactions that occur in this regime are exothermic and can lead to the synthesis of new materials that are not possible under other conditions. The exothermic reaction is used in the development of binary energetic materials. These materials are of significant interest to the energetic materials community because of its capability of releasing high heat content during a chemical reaction and the relative insensitivity of these types of energetic materials. Synthesis of these energetic materials, at nano grain sizes with structural reinforcements, provides an opportunity to develop a dual functional material with both strength and energetic characteristics. Shock-induced chemical reactions pose challenges in experiment and instrumentation. This thesis is addressed to the theoretical development of constitutive models of shock-induced chemical reactions in energetic composites, formulated in the framework of non-equilibrium thermodynamics and mixture theories, in a continuum scale. Transition state-based chemical reaction models are introduced and incorporated with the conservation equations that can be used to calculate and simulate the shock-induced reaction process. The energy that should be supplied to reach the transition state has been theoretically modeled by considering both the pore collapse mechanism and the plastic flow with increasing yield stress behind the shock wave. A non-equilibrium thermodynamics framework and the associated evolution equations are introduced to account for time delays that are observed in the experiments of shock-induced or assisted chemical reactions. An appropriate representation of the particle size effects is introduced by modifying the initial energy state of the reactants. Numerical results are presented for shock-induced reactions of mixtures of Al, Fe2O3 and Ni, Al with epoxy as the binder. The theoretical model, in the continuum scale, requires parameters that should be experimentally determined. The experimental characterization has many challenges in measurement and development of nano instrumentation. An alternate approach to determine these parameters is through ab-initio calculations. Thus, this thesis has initiated ab-initio molecular dynamics studies of shock-induced chemical reactions. Specifically, the case of thermal initiation of chemical reactions in aluminum and nickel is considered.
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Lee, Youseung. "Traitement quantique original des interactions inélastiques pour la modélisation atomistique du transport dans les nano-structures tri-dimensionnelles." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0345.

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Le formalisme des fonctions de Green hors-équilibre (NEGF pour « Non-equilibrium Green’s function) a suscité au cours des dernières décennies un engouement fort pour étudier les propriétés du transport quantique des nanostructures et des nano-dispositifs dans lesquels les interactions inélastiques, comme la diffusion des électrons-phonons, jouent un rôle significatif. L'incorporation d'interactions inélastiques dans le cadre du NEGF s’effectue généralement dans l'approximation auto-cohérente de Born (SCBA pour « Self-consistent Born approximation) qui représente une approche itérative plus exigeante en ressources numériques. Nous proposons dans ce travail de thèse une méthode efficace alternative dite LOA pour (« Lowest Order Approximation. Son principal avantage est de réduire considérablement le temps de calcul et de décrire physiquement la diffusion électron-phonon. Cette approche devrait considérablement étendre l'accessibilité de l'utilisation de codes atomistiques de transport quantique pour étudier des systèmes 3D réalistes sans faire à des ressources numériques importantes
Non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) formalism during recent decades has attracted numerous interests for studying quantum transport properties of nanostructures and nano-devices in which inelastic interactions like electron-phonon scattering have a significant impact. Incorporation of inelastic interactions in NEGF framework is usually performed within the self-consistent Born approximation (SCBA) which induces a numerically demanding iterative scheme. As an alternative technique, we propose an efficient method, the so-called Lowest Order Approximation (LOA) coupled with the Pade approximants. Its main advantage is to significantly reduce the computational time, and to describe the electron-phonon scattering physically. This approach should then considerably extend the accessibility of using atomistic quantum transport codes to study three-dimensional (3D) realistic systems without requiring numerous numerical resources
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Kraikivski, Pavel. "Non-equilibrium dynamics of adsorbed polymers and filaments." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2005. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/597/.

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In the present work, we discuss two subjects related to the nonequilibrium dynamics of polymers or biological filaments adsorbed to two-dimensional substrates.

The first part is dedicated to thermally activated dynamics of polymers on structured substrates in the presence or absence of a driving force. The structured substrate is represented by double-well or periodic potentials. We consider both homogeneous and point driving forces. Point-like driving forces can be realized in single molecule manipulation by atomic force microscopy tips. Uniform driving forces can be generated by hydrodynamic flow or by electric fields for charged polymers.

In the second part, we consider collective filament motion in motility assays for motor proteins, where filaments glide over a motor-coated substrate. The model for the simulation of the filament dynamics contains interactive deformable filaments that move under the influence of forces from molecular motors and thermal noise. Motor tails are attached to the substrate and modeled as flexible polymers (entropic springs), motor heads perform a directed walk with a given force-velocity relation. We study the collective filament dynamics and pattern formation as a function of the motor and filament density, the force-velocity characteristics, the detachment rate of motor proteins and the filament interaction. In particular, the formation and statistics of filament patterns such as nematic ordering due to motor activity or clusters due to blocking effects are investigated. Our results are experimentally accessible and possible experimental realizations are discussed.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit behandeln wir zwei Probleme aus dem Gebiet der Nichtgleichgewichtsdynamik von Polymeren oder biologischen Filamenten, die an zweidimensionale Substrate adsorbieren.

Der erste Teil befasst sich mit der thermisch aktivierten Dynamik von Polymeren auf strukturierten Substraten in An- oder Abwesenheit einer treibenden Kraft. Das strukturierte Substrat wird durch Doppelmulden- oder periodische Potentiale dargestellt. Wir betrachten sowohl homogene treibende Kräfte als auch Punktkräfte. Punktkräfte können bei der Manipulation einzelner Moleküle mit die Spitze eines Rasterkraftmikroskops realisiert werden. Homogene Kräfte können durch einen hydrodynamischen Fluss oder ein elektrisches Feld im Falle geladener Polymere erzeugt werden.

Im zweiten Teil betrachten wir die kollektive Bewegung von Filamenten in Motility-Assays, in denen Filamente über ein mit molekularen Motoren überzogenes Substrat gleiten. Das Modell zur Simulation der Filamentdynamik beinhaltet wechselwirkende, deformierbare Filamente, die sich unter dem Einfluss von Kräften, die durch molekulare Motoren erzeugt werden, sowie thermischem Rauschen bewegen. Die Schaftdomänen der Motoren sind am Substrat angeheftet und werden als flexible Polymere (entropische Federn) modelliert. Die Kopfregionen der Motoren vollführen eine gerichtete Schrittbewegung mit einer gegebenen Kraft-Geschwindigkeitsbeziehung. Wir untersuchen die kollektive Filamentdynamik und die Ausbildung von Mustern als Funktion der Motor- und der Filamentdichte, der Kraft-Geschwindigkeitscharakteristik, der Ablöserate der Motorproteine und der Filamentwechselwirkung. Insbesondere wird die Bildung und die Statistik der Filamentmuster, wie etwa die nematische Anordnung aufgrund der Motoraktivität oder die Clusterbildung aufgrund von Blockadeeffekten, untersucht. Unsere Ergebnisse sind experimentell zugänglich und mögliche experimentelle Realisierungen werden diskutiert.
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Mor, Selene [Verfasser]. "Fundamental interactions governing the (non-)equilibrium electronic structure in low dimensions / Selene Mor." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1187243787/34.

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Heptner, Nils. "Dynamics and non-equilibrium structure of colloidal dumbbell-shaped particles in dense suspensions." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17518.

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Neben ihrer Bedeutung in industriellen Anwendungen dienen Kolloide als Modellsysteme in Experimenten und in der Theorie, um die Struktur und Dynamik von kondensierter Materie zu untersuchen. Kürzlich wurde experimentell gezeigt, dass eine kleine Anisotropie ausreicht, um die viskoelastische Antwort im Vergleich zu harten Kugeln drastisch zu ändern. Die mikroskopischen Ursachen hierfür sind bisher nicht verstanden. In dieser Arbeit werden daher Nichtgleichgewichts-Brownsche-Dynamik-Simulationen (NEBD) von harten kolloidalen Dumbbells in oszillatorischen Scherfeldern entwickelt und eingesetzt, um diese Resultate mit Verbindung zu Rheologie- und Neutronenstreuexperimenten zu erklären. Weiterhin wird die Bedeutung der Anisotropie für Struktur und Dynamik von solchen Suspensionen im Gleichgewicht mit Hilfe von "Linear-Response"-Theorie und Brownsche-Dynamik-Simulationen analysiert. Im linearen Limit zeigt die Scherviskosität bei hohen Packungsdichten einen dramatischen Anstieg jenseits eines kritischen Anisotropieparameters. Dies weist darauf hin, dass schon bei den kleinen Anisotropien kollektive Rotations-Translations-Kopplungen für langsame Zeitskalen verantwortlich sind. Weiterhin wird ein Nichtgleichgewichtsübergang mittels NEBD-Simulationen von Suspensionen harter Dumbbells im PC unter oszillatorischer Scherung ersichtlich. Es wird gezeigt, dass der kontinuierliche Übergang nur für sehr kleine Aspektverhältnisse erhalten bleibt. Oberhalb eines bestimmten Aspektverhältnisses wird der Übergang durch einen ungeordneten Zustand vermittelt. Außerdem wird ein Sliding-Layer Zustand mit kollektiver Ordnung der Teilchenausrichtung bei hohen Scheramplituden beobachtet. Somit zeigt diese Arbeit, dass die NEBD-Simulationen Phänomene in Rheologie- und Streuexperimenten erklären. Angesichts dieser Experimente wird gezeigt, dass der Orientierungsfreiheitsgrad einen starken Einfluss auf den strukturellen Übergang bei steigenden Amplituden hat.
Besides being important for industrial applications, colloidal suspensions have long served as model systems for investigating the structure and dynamics of condensed matter. Recently, it has been demonstrated experimentally that apparently a small particle anisotropy is sufficient to dramatically change the viscoelastic response under external shearing fields, of which the microscopic mechanisms are not yet sufficiently understood. In the present work, NEBD simulations of colloidal hard dumbbells in oscillatory shear fields are developed and employed to elucidate the novel findings in close connection with comprehensive rheology and SANS experiments. Furthermore, by utilising BD simulations and linear response theory, the impact of anisotropy on structure and dynamics of such suspensions in equilibrium is analysed. In the linear response limit, the shear viscosity exhibits a dramatic increase at high packing fractions beyond a critical anisotropy of the particles. This indicates that newly occurring, collective rotational-translational couplings must be made responsible for slow time scales appearing in the PC. Moreover, a non-equilibrium transition emerging at moderate aspect ratios is revealed by NEBD of plastic crystalline suspensions under oscillatory shear. This transition behaviour is systematically studied. It is demonstrated that the continuous nature of the transition is retained for very low aspect ratios only. Above a certain aspect ratio, the transition is mediated by an intermediate disordered state. Furthermore, a partially oriented sliding layer state featuring a finite collective order in the particles'' orientations is observed at high strains. Hence, this thesis demonstrates that the NEBD simulations explain novel phenomena in rheology and scattering experiments. In the light of these experiments, it is shown that the orientational degree of freedom has a vigorous impact on the structural transition under increasing oscillatory shear.
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Dziekan, Piotr. "Dynamics of far-from-equilibrium chemical systems : microscopic and mesoscopic approaches." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066402/document.

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La plupart des systèmes non linéaires loin de l'équilibre sont sensibles aux fluctuations internes. Dans ce travail, les effets stochastiques dans des modèles génériques de réaction-diffusion sont étudiés à deux échelles différentes. Dans l'approche mésoscopique, l'évolution du système est gouvernée par une équation maîtresse résolue par des simulations de Monte Carlo cinétique. A l'échelle microscopique, des simulations de dynamique des particules sont réalisées. Ces approches stochastiques sont comparées à des équations macroscopiques, déterministes de réaction-diffusion. Dans l'introduction, les différentes échelles, les concepts concernant les systèmes non linéaires et les méthodes numériques utilisées sont présentés. La première partie du chapitre consacré aux résultats est dédiée à l'étude de la perturbation de la distribution des vitesses des particules induite par la réaction pour un système bistable et la propagation d'un front d'onde. Une équation maîtresse incluant cette perturbation est écrite et comparée à des simulations de la dynamique microscopique. La seconde partie concerne la formation de structures dans les systèmes réaction-diffusion dans le contexte de la biologie du développement. Une méthode pour simuler des structures de Turing à l'échelle microscopique est développée à partir de l'algorithme DSMC (direct simulation Monte Carlo). Ensuite, des expériences consistant à perturber la formation de la colonne vertébrale sont expliquées dans le cadre du mécanisme de Turing. Enfin, un modèle de réaction-diffusion associé à un mécanisme différent, connu sous le nom de "Clock and wavefront", est proposé pour rendre compte de la segmentation
Many nonlinear systems under non-equilibrium conditions are highly sensitive to internal fluctuations. In this dissertation, stochastic effects in some generic reaction-diffusion models are studied using two approaches of different precision. In the mesoscopic approach, evolution of the system is governed by the master equation, which can be solved numerically or used to set up kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. On the microscopic level, particle computer simulations are used. These two stochastic approaches are compared with deterministic, macroscopic reaction-diffusion equations.In the Introduction, key information about the different approaches is presented, together with basics of nonlinear systems and a presentation of numerical algorithms used.The first part of the Results chapter is devoted to studies on reaction-induced perturbation of particle velocity distributions in models of bistability and wave front propagation. A master equation including this perturbation is presented and compared with microscopic simulations.The second part of the Results deals with pattern formation in reaction-diffusion systems in the context of developmental biology. A method for simulating Turing patternsat the microscopic level using the direct simulation Monte Carlo algorithm is developed. Then, experiments consisting of perturbing segmentation of vertebrate embryo’s bodyaxis are explained using the Turing mechanism. Finally, a different possible mechanism of body axis segmentation, the “clock and wavefront” model, is formulated as a reaction-diffusion model
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Books on the topic "Non-equilibrium structures"

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Olemskoi, A. Theory of structure transformations in non-equilibrium condensed matter. Commack, NY: Nova Science, 1999.

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Haslach, Henry W. Maximum Dissipation Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics and its Geometric Structure. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7765-6.

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Haslach, Henry W. Maximum dissipation non-equilibrium thermodynamics and its geometric structure. New York: Springer, 2010.

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Kiehn, Robert. Wakes, Coherent Structures and Turbulence ... Vol 3 Non Equilibrium Systems and Irreversible Processes (Non-Equilibrium Systems and Irreversible Processes). Lulu.com, 2007.

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Non-equilibrium Energy Transformation Processes: Theoretical Description at the Level of Molecular Structures. Springer, 2014.

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Rabinovich, M. I., Gaponov-Grekhov, and A. V. Gaponov-Grekhov. Structures and Spatial-Temporal Chaos in Non-equilibrium Media (Soviet Scientific Reviews Series, Section A). Routledge, 1989.

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Jr, Henry W. Haslach. Maximum Dissipation Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics and Its Geometric Structure. Springer, 2011.

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Bayly, Brian. Chemical Change in Deforming Materials. Oxford University Press, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195067644.001.0001.

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This book is the first to detail the chemical changes that occur in deforming materials subjected to unequal compressions. While thermodynamics provides, at the macroscopic level, an excellent means of understanding and predicting the behavior of materials in equilibrium and non-equilibrium states, much less is understood about nonhydrostatic stress and interdiffusion at the chemical level. Little is known, for example, about the chemistry of a state resulting from a cylinder of deforming material being more strongly compressed along its length than radially, a state of non-equilibrium that remains no matter how ideal the cylinder's condition in other respects. M. Brian Bayly here provides the outline of a comprehensive approach to gaining a simplified and unified understanding of such phenomena. The author's perspective differs from those commonly found in the technical literature in that he emphasizes two little-used equations that allow for a description and clarification of viscous deformation at the chemical level. Written at a level that will be accessible to many non-specialists, this book requires only a fundamental understanding of elementary mathematics, the nonhydrostatic stress state, and chemical potential. Geochemists, petrologists, structural geologists, and materials scientists will find Chemical Change in Deforming Materials interesting and useful.
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Nemoto, Takahiro. Phenomenological Structure for the Large Deviation Principle in Time-Series Statistics: A method to control the rare events in non-equilibrium systems. Springer, 2016.

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Nemoto, Takahiro. Phenomenological Structure for the Large Deviation Principle in Time-Series Statistics: A method to control the rare events in non-equilibrium systems. Takahiro Nemoto, 2015.

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Book chapters on the topic "Non-equilibrium structures"

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Ohtsuki, T., Y. Ono, N. Tajima, and K. Suzuki. "Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Current in the Quantum Hall Regime." In Quantum Dynamics of Submicron Structures, 143–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0019-9_12.

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Golovin, Alexander A., Boris A. Malomed, Alexander A. Nepomnyashchy, Alexander E. Nuz, and Leonid M. Pismen. "Exotic Planforms in Non-Equilibrium Patterns." In Nonlinear Coherent Structures in Physics and Biology, 449–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1343-2_70.

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Taniguchi, Kenji, and Chihiro Hamaguchi. "Non-Equilibrium Carrier Transport in Small Structures." In Granular Nanoelectronics, 103–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3689-9_8.

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Coullet, Pierre, Kjartan Pierre Emilsson, and Frédéric Plaza. "Qualitative Theory of Defects in Non-Equilibrium Systems." In Instabilities and Nonequilibrium Structures III, 357–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3442-2_35.

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Jiang, Naisheng, Maya K. Endoh, and Tadanori Koga. "Structures and Dynamics of Adsorbed Polymer Nanolayers on Planar Solids." In Non-equilibrium Phenomena in Confined Soft Matter, 129–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21948-6_6.

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Huber, D. "Non-Equilibrium Structures in Dissipative, Self-Gravitating Systems." In Highlights of Spanish Astrophysics II, 379. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1776-2_103.

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Couder, Yves. "Growth patterns: From stable curved fronts to fractal structures (A summary)." In Scale Invariance, Interfaces, and Non-Equilibrium Dynamics, 85–88. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1421-7_3.

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Rapoport, Diego. "Covariant Non-Linear Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamics and the Ergodic Theory of Stochastic and Quantum Flows." In Instabilities and Nonequilibrium Structures VI, 359–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4247-2_19.

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Young, Jeff F., D. J. Lockwood, J. M. Baribeau, P. J. Kelly, A. Othonos, and H. M. van Driel. "Non-Equilibrium Phonon Dynamics in Ge and GeSi Alloys." In Light Scattering in Semiconductor Structures and Superlattices, 401–20. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3695-0_29.

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Tredicce, J. R., E. J. D’Angelo, C. Green, G. B. Mindlin, L. M. Narducci, G. L. Oppo, and H. Solari. "Lasers as a Test Bench for Theories of Non-Equilibrium Structures." In Instabilities and Nonequilibrium Structures III, 239–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3442-2_22.

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Conference papers on the topic "Non-equilibrium structures"

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Ushio, Jiro, Jurgen Schulte, and Takuya Maruizumi. "Non-Equilibrium Structures of Si/SiO2 and Si/SiOxNy Interfaces." In 2000 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials. The Japan Society of Applied Physics, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.7567/ssdm.2000.b-7-1.

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Su, Yu, and Chad M. Landis. "A non-equilibrium thermodynamics framework for domain evolution: phase field models and finite element implementation." In Smart Structures and Materials, edited by William D. Armstrong. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.660688.

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Tavouktsoglou, Nicholas S., John M. Harris, Richard R. Simons, and Richard J. S. Whitehouse. "Equilibrium Scour Prediction for Uniform and Non-Uniform Cylindrical Structures Under Clear Water Conditions." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54377.

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Offshore Gravity Base Foundations (GBFs) are often designed with non-uniform cylindrical geometries. Such structures interact with the local hydrodynamics which amplify the adverse dynamic pressure gradient, which is responsible for all flow and scour phenomena including the bed shear stress amplification. In this study a method for predicting the effect non-uniform cylindrical structure geometries have on local scour around offshore structures under the forcing of a unidirectional current is presented. The interaction of the flow field with the sediment around these complex structures is described in terms of non-dimensional parameters that characterize the similitude of water-sediment movement. The paper presents insights in the influence a form of the Euler number has on the equilibrium scour around uniform and non-uniform cylindrical structures. Here the Euler number is defined as the depth averaged pressure gradient (calculated using potential flow theory) divided by the product of the square of mean flow velocity and the fluid density. The insights are confirmed through a series of experiments where the equilibrium scour was monitored for different types of structures and flow conditions. The results of this study show that the Euler number is a more appropriate parameter for describing the scour potential of a structure compared to using the equivalent pile diameter. The experimental data show that an increasing Euler number yields an increase in the non-dimensional equilibrium scour. The results of this study also suggest that an increase in the water depth yields a decrease in the equilibrium scour depth for the conical, cylindrical base structures and truncated cylinders and an increase in the equilibrium scour depth for the uniform cylinders which can also be explained in terms of changes in the Euler number. Finally, the Buckingham π theorem in conjunction with the experimental data was used to derive a simple shape correction factor that could be used to determine the scour depth of a non-uniform cylindrical structure based on the equilibrium scour produced for the same flow conditions by a uniform cylinder.
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Yasuda, Hiroaki, Tillmann Kubis, and Kazuhiko Hirakawa. "Non-equilibrium Green's function calculation for GaN-based terahertz quantum cascade laser structures." In 2011 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2011.6105199.

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Cooley, Christopher G., and Robert L. Lowe. "Non-Linear Vibration of Thick Dielectric Membrane Disks With Radial Loads." In ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2020-2326.

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Abstract This study analyzes the large-amplitude, non-linear vibration of dielectric elastomer membrane disks with applied voltages through their thickness and mechanical loads applied radially around their outer circumferential surface. The material is modeled as an isotropic ideal dielectric, with the large-stretch mechanical stiffening captured using the Gent hyperelastic constitutive model. The fully non-linear equation of motion for the coupled electromechanical system is derived using Hamilton’s principle. The disk comes to a steady equilibrium where the compressive stresses due to the applied voltage balance the tensile stresses from the applied radial loads. The equilibria are calculated numerically for a wide range of radial loads, applied voltages, and limiting stretches. It is possible for the disk to have two stable steady equilibria at given radial load and applied voltage, which gives rise to an instability where extreme stretches occur for infinitesimal changes in applied voltage. The equation of motion is determined for small vibrations of the system about equilibrium. Unlike for thin membrane disks, the vibrating mass of thick membrane disks depends on the steady equilibrium stretch. The natural frequency for membrane disks meaningfully decreases with increasing thickness due to the inertia associated with dynamic changes in the membrane thickness. The amount of axial inertia depends on the ratio of the nominal disk thickness to its radius and the steady equilibrium stretch. Large amplitude vibrations are numerically investigated for a wide range of system parameters. The frequency response characteristics of circular membranes due to sinusoidal voltage fluctuations are analyzed about small and large equilibrium stretches. Whereas axial inertia meaningfully alters the frequency response about small equilibrium stretches, it has negligible effects on the frequency response about large equilibrium stretches.
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Houra, T., and Y. Nagano. "EFFECTS OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM ADVERSE PRESSURE GRADIENT ON SPATIO-TEMPORAL STRUCTURES OF CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER." In Annals of the Assembly for International Heat Transfer Conference 13. Begell House Inc., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihtc13.trb.13.

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Sun, Wei. "Non-Equilibrium Turbulence Modelling for Compressor Corner Separation Flows." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59468.

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Abstract Corner separation is one type of the three-dimensional (3D) separated flows which is commonly observed at the junction of the blade suction surface and endwall of an axial compressor. The commonly used Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models, namely Spalart-Allmaras (SA) and Menter’s Shear Stress Transport (SST) models, have been found to overpredict the size of corner separation. The physical reason is partly attributed to the underestimation of turbulence mixing between the mainstream flow and the endwall boundary-layer flow. This makes the endwall boundary layer unable to withstand the bulk adverse pressure gradients, and in turn leads to its premature separation from the endwall surface during its migration towards the endwall/blade suction surface corner. The endwall flow characteristics within the compressor stator cascade are then studied to facilitate understanding the physical mechanisms that drive the formation of 3D flow structures, and the physical reasons that lead to RANS modelling uncertainties. It is found that the insufficient near-wall boundary layer mixing is partly due to the failure of both SA and SST models to reasonably model the non-equilibrium turbulence behaviors inside the endwall boundary layer, which is caused by the boundary layer skewness. Based on the understanding of the skew-induced turbulence characteristics and its effect on mixing, a detailed effort is presented towards the physical-based modelling of the skew-induced non-equilibrium wall-bounded turbulence. The source terms in the SA and SST models that control mixing are identified and modified, in order to enhance mixing and strengthen the endwall boundary layer. The improved turbulence models are then validated against the compressor corner separation flows under various operating conditions to prove that the location and extent of the corner separation are more realistically predicted.
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Stro¨mberg, Niclas. "Topology Optimization of Non-Linear Elastic Structures by Using SLP." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-86292.

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In this paper a method for topology optimization of nonlinear elastic structures is suggested. The method is developed by starting from a total Lagrangian formulation of the system. The internal force is defined by coupling the second Piola-Kirchhoff stress to the Green-Lagrange strain via the Kirchhoff-St. Venant law. The state of equilibrium is obtained by first deriving the consistency stiffness matrix and then using Newton’s method to solve the non-linear equations. The design parametrization of the internal force is obtained by adopting the SIMP approach. The minimization of compliance for a limited value of volume is considered. The optimization problem is solved by SLP. This is done by using a nested approach where the equilibrium equation is linearized and the sensitivity of the cost function is calculated by the adjoint method. In order to avoid mesh-dependency the sensitivities are filtered by Sigmund’s filter. The final LP-problem is solved by an interior point method that is available in Matlab. The implementation is done for a general design domain in 2D by using fully integrated isoparametric elements. The implementation seems to be very efficient and robust.
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Nelon, Christopher M., Jonathan Figueroa, Oliver J. Myers, and Aaron Shepard. "Non-Traditional Shape Variations on Bistable Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Laminates." In ASME 2020 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2020-2291.

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Abstract The ability of a material to display two equilibrium states, called bistability, has been previously observed in carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs). For bistability to occur, the laminate must consist of an unsymmetric layup about its midplane which generates internal residual stress from thermal contraction. Prior studies have observed bistability in CFRPs with small-scale rectangular geometries where all sides were less than 250 mm. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the existence of bistability in large-scale CFRPs with rectangular and non-rectangular geometries. Experiments and finite element analyses were conducted to determine the viability of bistability in large-scale CFRPs where at least one length aspect of the specimen was greater than or equal to 304.8 mm. Specimens whose shapes included rectangles, deltoids, triangles, and circles, were fabricated and tested to determine the presence of bistability and the associated curvature for each cured equilibrium state. Rectangular specimens had a side length of 914.4 mm and widths that varied from 177.8 to 457.2 mm. For the deltoids, triangles, and circles, one length aspect (i.e. the height, hypotenuse, and diameter, respectively) equaled 304.8 mm. Finite element models were created to compare the equilibrium shapes’ curvatures and displacements with the experimental laminates; the existence of bistability was also examined using a nondimensionalized bifurcation plot. Experimentally, bistability was found to occur for the fabricated laminates up to six plies. As the studied laminates could be considered thin, they displayed cylindrical cured shapes. The non-traditional shaped CFRPs followed bistability trends found for traditional, small-scale, rectangular laminates. An inverse relationship between the ply count and curvature was exhibited for the large-scale, rectangular laminates; curvature decreased as the number of plies in the laminate increased.
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Kim, Changhyun, JaeHyeon Park, DongIl Kim, and Jehyun Baek. "Numerical Analysis on Non-Equilibrium Steam Condensing Flow in Rotating Machinery." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7588.

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Flow of steam, different from other gas flows, involves droplet generation in flow expansion process. This phase transition affects not only the flow fields, but also machine performance including efficiency. In addition, it is totally harmful for machine structures as blades and casing. Therefore, prevention or preparation of droplet generation in steam flows is dreadfully important in stable machine operation. Nowadays, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is widely used in machine design and optimization process. Thus, simulation with CFD should consider this droplet generation phenomena to predict internal flows precisely. Many studies that analyze steam condensing flow in nozzles, cascades and steam turbines were carried out. Though, the flows of wet-steam which include non-equilibrium phase-transition phenomena are still difficult to predict, especially in the 3D rotating cases as steam turbines. Therefore, more studies are required to get comparable results with experiment. In this study, non-equilibrium wet-steam model was implemented on T-Flow to simulate realistic non-equilibrium steam condensing flow. In the cases of White cascade, characteristics of wet-steam flow were studied and pressure distributions were compared with experimental results for model validation. To use implemented wet-steam model for calculating flows in rotation, especially in steam turbines, a study of steam condensing flow in single stage steam turbine was conducted. Interaction between the stator and rotor using frozen rotor or mixing plane method in steady calculations were compared in order to find the effects of used interface on flow fields and steam condensation. As a result, condensing flows were predicted well even in the rotating cases by using non-equilibrium wet-steam model. The wet-steam parameters (nucleation, droplet size, wetness) are differed throughout the spans due to 3D effects and influenced by selection of interface as expected. In addition, droplet generation enhances entropy rise throughout the domain. The case using mixing plane seems to be overestimate the size of high wetness zone and it is recommended to use frozen rotor in multi-phase calculations. However, to apply this model in general cases, comparison with experimental data from real steam turbines should be conducted in further studies.
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Reports on the topic "Non-equilibrium structures"

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Perdigão, Rui A. P., and Julia Hall. Spatiotemporal Causality and Predictability Beyond Recurrence Collapse in Complex Coevolutionary Systems. Meteoceanics, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/201111.

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Causality and Predictability of Complex Systems pose fundamental challenges even under well-defined structural stochastic-dynamic conditions where the laws of motion and system symmetries are known. However, the edifice of complexity can be profoundly transformed by structural-functional coevolution and non-recurrent elusive mechanisms changing the very same invariants of motion that had been taken for granted. This leads to recurrence collapse and memory loss, precluding the ability of traditional stochastic-dynamic and information-theoretic metrics to provide reliable information about the non-recurrent emergence of fundamental new properties absent from the a priori kinematic geometric and statistical features. Unveiling causal mechanisms and eliciting system dynamic predictability under such challenging conditions is not only a fundamental problem in mathematical and statistical physics, but also one of critical importance to dynamic modelling, risk assessment and decision support e.g. regarding non-recurrent critical transitions and extreme events. In order to address these challenges, generalized metrics in non-ergodic information physics are hereby introduced for unveiling elusive dynamics, causality and predictability of complex dynamical systems undergoing far-from-equilibrium structural-functional coevolution. With these methodological developments at hand, hidden dynamic information is hereby brought out and explicitly quantified even beyond post-critical regime collapse, long after statistical information is lost. The added causal insights and operational predictive value are further highlighted by evaluating the new information metrics among statistically independent variables, where traditional techniques therefore find no information links. Notwithstanding the factorability of the distributions associated to the aforementioned independent variables, synergistic and redundant information are found to emerge from microphysical, event-scale codependencies in far-from-equilibrium nonlinear statistical mechanics. The findings are illustrated to shed light onto fundamental causal mechanisms and unveil elusive dynamic predictability of non-recurrent critical transitions and extreme events across multiscale hydro-climatic problems.
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