Academic literature on the topic 'Non-finite clauses'
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Journal articles on the topic "Non-finite clauses"
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Widiawati, Sarovah. "NON-FINITE CLAUSES IN THE INTRODUCTION SECTION OF SKRIPSIS AND RESEARCH ARTICLES." English Education and Applied Linguistics Journal (EEAL Journal) 2, no. 1 (2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31980/eealjournal.v2i1.994.
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Non-finite clauses are clauses which have no tenses. This study aimed to find the forms and functions of non-finite clauses in the introduction section of skripsis(ISoS) and research articles (ISoRA) in English field. Content analysis was used in this research. The ISoS and the ISoRA were selected randomly. The findings showed that there were three forms of non-finite clauses in the ISoS and ISoRA. In terms of functions, there were non-finite clauses as minor clause, qualifier, epithet, non-finite clauses as conjunction, non-finite clauses after conjunction, circumstance, prepositional phrase, actor, goal, carrier, attribute, possessive, identified, identifier, phenomenon, behaver, and existent. The ISoS were frequently presented in non-finite constructions as minor clauses and had more non-finite constructions in clause simples rather than clause complexes. The non-finite constructions in the introduction section of skripsisand research articles made the clauses dense.
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Fauziah, Anisak Syaid, Mustofa Kamal, Djatmika Djatmika, and Sumarlam Sumarlam. "PERBEDAAN ANTARA KLAUSA SUBORDINATIF BAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASA INGGRIS." LINGUA: Journal of Language, Literature and Teaching 14, no. 2 (2017): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.30957/lingua.v14i2.324.
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The aim of this study was to describe the difference between subordinate in Indonesian and in English viewed from subordinate clause theory from Jim Miller. This study used qualitative descriptive approach. Primary data of this study were written texts containing sentences and clauses in English and Indonesian the corpus of which was selected from academic texts. Data were collected using record. Segmenting immediate constituent was used to analyze the data. The research revealed that Indonesian has neither elliptic conjunction in all relative and adverbial clauses nor non-finite subordinate clauses. English has no elliptic conjunction only in relative clauses showing possessiveness and all adverbial clauses except for time and result but has non-finite subordinate clauses. Indonesian has no relative clause elliptic conjunction non-finite subordinate clause. English relative clause elliptic conjunction is available and empty elliptic conjunction in all adverbial clauses appear. English has non-finite subordinate clauses.
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Sujatna, Eva Tuckyta Sari, and Sri Wahyuni. "Nominal Group as Qualifier to ‘Someone’." English Language Teaching 10, no. 7 (2017): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v10n7p257.
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The paper titled Nominal Group as Qualifier to ‘Someone’ investigated types of qualifiers which are embedded to the head ‘someone’ in a nominal group. This research was conducted in the light of Systemic Functional Linguistics analysis. The data was analyzed, classified then described using descriptive qualitative method. This research produced four classifications of nominal group as qualifier, which were clauses, prepositional phrases, nominal groups, and linked independent element. The clause as qualifier is sub-classified into finite and non-finite clauses. Further sub-classification is conducted over finite clause into Full Relative Clause (FRC), Relative Clause with Preposition (RCP), and Contact Clause (CC). Further sub-classification over non-finite clause resulted in Operative Imperfective Non Finite Clause (OINFC), Receptive Imperfective Non Finite Clause (RINFC), and Operative Perfective Non Finite Clause (OPNFC). This research also found qualifiers which consisted of two or more linked non-embedding elements.
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McGregor, William B. "Complex sentence constructions in Nyulnyul, Western Australia." Functions of Language 1, no. 1 (1994): 25–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.1.1.04mcg.
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This paper investigates complex sentence constructions in Nyulnyul (Kimberley, Western Australia). Three primary types of inter-clausal relationships — embedding (part-whole), dependence (part-part) and scope (whole-whole) — permit an initial typology of complex sentence types. This paper focuses on embedding and dependence, ignoring scope. It is argued that non-finite clauses must be embedded in a finite clause, whereas finite clauses cannot be, and may only be related to another finite clause by dependence. Dependence relations can be classified (following Halliday 1985) according to two independent emically significant parameters: parataxis vs. hypotaxis; and extension vs. elaboration vs. enhancement. The contrast between parataxis and hypotaxis is examined, and it is argued that hypotaxis involves the reduction in status of the dependent clause; consequences of this are discussed. Embedding involves nominalisation, and with this the 'entitisation' of an event, and the consequent unchallangeability of the clause.
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Lyutikova, Ekaterina А. "Adjectival predicates in finite and non-finite clauses." Voprosy Jazykoznanija, no. 6 (December 9, 2024): 7–31. https://doi.org/10.31857/0373-658x.2024.6.7-31.
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The paper explores the distribution of various adjectival predicates (short form adjectives, long form adjectives in the nominative or instrumental case and passive participles) in Russian finite and non-finite clauses. Two factors turn out to determine the availability of adjectival predicates: (i) the type of the subject (overt DP vs. A-trace vs. PRO) and (ii) the case feature of the subject (nominative vs. other cases). Crucially, adjectival predicates differ as to the licensing factors: short form adjectives require that their subject (overt DP, A-trace or PRO) be nominative whereas nominative long form adjectives are only licit if their subject is a nominative overt DP or an A-trace of a nominative DP, but not a (nominative) PRO. Including adjectival passive into this picture gives rise to further discrepancies: the long form of the passive participle cannot form a passive predicate of a finite clause but is licit as such a predicate in non-finite clauses. The paper provides a formal analysis of the distribution of adjectival predicates, which relies on the following assumptions: (i) the categorial contrast of short and long forms; (ii) the syntactically represented opposition of control and raising; and (iii) PRO’s ability to receive the case feature via case assignment by complementizer or case transmission from the controller.
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Groothuis, Kim A. "Non-finite Verb Movement in Romance." Probus 34, no. 2 (2022): 273–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/probus-2021-0010.
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Abstract Since Pollock, Jean-Yves. 1989. Verb movement, universal grammar, and the structure of IP. Linguistic Inquiry 20. 365–424, it is well known that Romance finite verbs move into the I-domain. However, the relationship between finiteness and verb movement has not yet been investigated in detail. The aim of the present study is to trace and analyse verb movement in various types of non-finite and semi-finite clauses in Romance, including infinitives with specified subjects, inflected infinitives, bare infinitival clauses, Aux-to-Comp (cf. Rizzi, Luigi. 1982. Issues in Italian syntax. Dordrecht: Foris), past participial clauses, and gerunds. It is shown that all types of Romance non-finite verbs move high, with the exception of French absolute participles and French infinitives. The picture of non-finite movement is thus more uniform than that of finite verb movement (cf. Schifano, Norma. 2018. Verb movement in Romance. A comparative study. Oxford: Oxford University Press). A unified account is proposed: non-finite verbs all need to be anchored to the speech act through a higher clause, which requires them to be in a local relation with the anchoring head Fin (cf. Groothuis, Kim A. 2020. Reflexes of finiteness in Romance. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Unpublished PhD thesis).
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Zhang, Niina Ning. "Sentence-final aspect particles as finite markers in Mandarin Chinese." Linguistics 57, no. 5 (2019): 967–1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling-2019-0020.
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Abstract In Mandarin Chinese, sentence-final aspect particles ne, le, and laizhe may occur in some types of embedded clauses, but not in other types, such as the complement of a control verb, a raising verb, lai ‘come’ and qu ‘go’, a non-epistemic modal, and the prepositional complementizer dui ‘to’. These latter types of clauses systematically show properties of nonfinite clauses in other languages. They are intrinsically embedded, ban pro-drop, their clause boundaries may be invisible for binding, and they disallow a speaker-oriented adverb and an epistemic modal. The restrictions on the distribution of the particles indicate that they are used in finite clauses only, although the language has no tense or case marker. The paper argues that finite clauses show speaker-oriented properties whereas nonfinite ones do not; instead, nonfinite clauses exhibit higher-clause-oriented properties. Identifying the role of speaker in the finiteness distinction reveals the capacity of finite clauses, whether or not the capacity is marked overtly.
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Nyvad, Anne Mette, Christiane Müller, and Ken Ramshøj Christensen. "Too True to Be Good? The Non-Uniformity of Extraction from Adjunct Clauses in English." Languages 7, no. 4 (2022): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7040244.
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Adjunct clauses are traditionally assumed to be strong islands for extraction across languages. However, the universal island status of adjunct clauses has been challenged by studies showing that extraction is possible from finite adjunct clauses in the Mainland Scandinavian languages. The possibility of extraction in these languages appears to be affected by various factors, including the type of adjunct clause, the type of extraction dependency, and the presence of contextual facilitation. These findings call for a re-evaluation of the islandhood of adjunct clauses in English. We conducted an acceptability judgment study on relativization from three types of finite adjunct clauses in English (if-, when-, and because-clauses) in the presence of supporting context. We found that the three clause types showed rather non-uniform acceptability patterns: extraction from when- and because-clauses both yielded significantly lower ratings than extraction from if-clauses, which patterned with non-island that-clauses. Our results suggest that at least for relativization, if- and when-adjuncts are not invariably strong islands in English, and that extra-grammatical factors may be key in understanding island structures traditionally assumed to be purely syntactic in nature.
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Flaate Høyem, Inghild. "Ereigniskontrollierte Adjunkte im Deutschen." Zeitschrift für germanistische Linguistik 47, no. 3 (2019): 507–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zgl-2019-0023.
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Abstract The present paper investigates small clause adjuncts displaying the phenomenon referred to as ‘event control’ in literature. Many languages, including German, employ non-finite clauses (besides finite clauses) as propositional adjuncts, for instance infinitival, participial and small clause adjuncts. The subject of these adjunct clauses is left unexpressed and must generally be interpreted co-referentially with the subject or object of the matrix clause (subject or object control), but the matrix event itself can also be interpreted as the controller. Adjuncts involving event control have, to my knowledge, never been examined jointly or particularly thoroughly. The aim of this paper is therefore to provide insight into German data involving event control in different kinds of non-finite propositional adjunct clauses, by examining common and diverging syntactic and semantic properties. The data comprises nominative DPs (Germ. Satzappositionen), adverbial infinitives headed by um (Engl. in order to), adverbial present and past participle constructions, and adverbial small clauses headed by the particle als. Furthermore, I discuss briefly how these data could be captured theoretically, by analyzing them as adjuncts in different syntactic-semantic domains and as obligatorily controlled (OC) adjuncts according to the OC-properties described by Landau (2013).
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Eilfort, William H. "Non-Finite Clauses in Creoles." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 12 (May 15, 1986): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v12i0.1858.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-finite clauses"
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Johansson, Caroline. "Adverbial clauses in translation : Translation of finite and non-finite (-ing, -ed and to-infinitive) adverbial clauses from English to Swedish in popular science." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98437.
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This study investigates adverbial clauses in a translation of a popular science text from English to Swedish. The clauses investigated are both finite and non-finite adverbial clauses. The non-finite adverbial clauses are ing-clauses (present participle), ed-clauses (past participle) and to-infinitive clauses. The results show that finite adverbial clauses are directly transferred with a very high frequency. For the adverbial ing-clauses, translation into finite clauses was the most common correspondence, whereas the frequency of direct transfer was very low due to their semantically indeterminate structure and limited productive correspondences in Swedish. For the adverbial edclauses, the most frequent translation correspondence is also finite clauses with subordination being the dominant one. This was followed by the past participle, showing a higher direct transfer than for adverbial ing-clauses, partly due to expressions with an idiomatic character. The adverbial to-infinitive clauses are the only clauses that kept their infinitive construction in the majority of the cases which seems to be due to the less ambiguous meaning, followed by adverbial finite clauses. In summary, for all adverbial clauses except for adverbial to-infinitive clause, a finite clause construction is the most common translation correspondence. For the ing- and ed-clauses explicitation was briefly investigated. They both showed a degree of explicitation. This was higher for the ing-clauses which were rendered as relative clauses. The ed-clauses showed one occurrence of explicitation into an adverbial subordinated clause.
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Lalloo, Sara. "Translating a cookbook : What happens to non-finite clauses when translating into Swedish?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-55765.
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This paper focuses on English non-finite clauses and their equivalences in a Swedish translation. The aim of the paper is to analyze non-finite clauses in an English cookbook and the methods that can be used for translating them into Swedish. Based on a theoretical background provided mainly by Huddleston and Pullum (2002) and Svartvik and Sager (1996), the non-finite clauses in the source text were identified and categorized according to which one of the three non-finite verb forms they were based on; infinitives, gerund-participles, or past-participles. They were then analyzed from a qualitative perspective in the analysis section, where various examples were discussed. The result shows that the need to restructure the sentences in the translation depends largely on the verb form in the source text. Infinitivals can often be translated directly, retaining the infinitival structure, whereas gerund-participials rarely remain gerund-participials in the translation. When the translation is not a non-finite clause, by necessity or for other reasons, it is commonly translated to a finite clause. When making a non-finite clause finite, it is often necessary to add a subject that has been implicit in the source text. This, however, seldom poses any difficulties.
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Evaldsson, Sanna. "From to-infinitives to gerunds : - an essay on the translation of non-finite clauses." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-5732.
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<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Title: </strong>From <em>To-</em>infinitives to Gerunds – an Essay on the Translation of Non-finite Clauses</p><p><strong>Author: </strong>Sanna Evaldsson</p><p>The aim of this study is to find out how non-finite clauses are translated into Swedish and what translation strategies are applied in the process of translation. Non-finite clauses are very effective stylistic devises providing condensed and concise language, which is useful in academic texts. Even though English and Swedish are both languages of Germanic origin and share similarities, the translation of these clauses into can be difficult due to the languages’ different uses of non-finites.</p><p>To provide with material for this essay, a translation of a text written by Nicholas Cook has been made by the author of the essay and the two texts have been compared in order to make generalizations. The <em>to-</em>infinitive, the present participle, the past participle clauses and the gerund are features which are treated in this study. They are treated separately and their translations are compared with the secondary literature, which include grammars and books on translation theory.</p><p>The results for this study show that the translation strategies used for these types of clauses are ‘equivalence’, ‘structural shift’, ‘correspondence’, ‘transposition’ and ‘level shift’. The former three seem to be the most common, while the latter two are less frequently used.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: non-finite clauses, <em>to-</em>infinitive, present participle, past participle, gerund, translation.</p>
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Marshall, Vivian. "Translating between the lines : Decoding the syntactic condensation found in nominalisations and non-finite supplementive clauses." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86637.
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The aim of this study is to examine how syntactically condensed structures are translated from English to Swedish in a non-fiction text. The analysis covers nominalisations and non-finite ing- and ed-clauses functioning as adverbials. The method for analysis is mainly quantitative, but in order to discuss why certain translation strategies are favoured, a qualitative analysis is also included. The results show that both obligatory and optional structural changes occur in the target text. These changes are induced by both grammatical and preferential differences between the source and target languages. As a result, the target text is often more explicit than the source text. While the most frequent translation strategy for ing-clauses is forming finite main clauses, subordinate clauses are the most frequently used correspondences for ed-clauses. Other strategies include coordination and prepositional phrases. Explicitation occurs by adding features such as finiteness and subordinating conjunctions in the target text structures. In contrast to the translation of non-finite clauses, the most commonly used correspondence when translating nominalisations is noun phrases identical to those in the source text. The second most frequent strategy is paraphrased noun phrases. Together, these two nominal strategies cover approximately two thirds of the translations. Clausal structures, which are generally more explicit, are more than three times less frequent, which opposes the idea of verbal preference in Swedish. When clausal translations are used, however, it is mainly due to the complexity of the noun phrase in which the nominalisation occurs.
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Görman, Anna. "The long and the short of it : the translation of non-finite adverbial clauses and ly-adverbials." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96866.
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This study investigates the translation of non-finite supplementive clauses and one-word adverbials with a suffix of -ly in an English non-fiction text of academic prose and its Swedish target text. The results show that the non-finite supplementive clauses often are translated into either a new main clause, a coordinated clause or a subordinate clause, where the latter in a majority of cases involves the use of explicitation. The main clause strategy proved the most frequently used, indicating a possible connection between choice of translation strategy and source text sentence length. The ly-adverbials show a clear tendency for translation into one-word open-class adverbials in Swedish, most frequently with a suffix of -t. Clear differences were found between the investigated adverbial structures regarding movement; the supplementive clauses retain their source text positions in a vast majority of cases whereas the ly-adverbials show a higher frequency of movement, most commonly from their original source text position to sentence-final position in the target text. Other factors proven to impact the choice of translation strategies are compliance with Swedish preference regarding adverbial placement (in turn dependent on the type, grammatical structure and length of the adverbial as well as the register of the source text), the clarity and readability of the target text as well as style and level of formality.
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Fredriksson, Carina. "Comment traduire les syntagmes participiaux et infinitivaux français en suédois? : Étude contrastive de deux textes français non-littéraires et de leurs traductions suédoises." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-15485.
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There are many aspects to consider when translating French texts into Swedish. The purpose of the present study is to examine French non-finite constructions, namely participle and infinitive phrases, and to compare them with their Swedish translations. Thus, the method is contrastive. The analysis is based on 213 phrases collected from two non-literary French texts – one economical text and one medical text – and their Swedish translations. The different interpretations have been divided into categories to study the transpositions that have been made, i.e. in what way the two languages differ from each other in this context. The structural differences but also similarities have been illustrated and, to a certain degree, it has been found, according to the hypothesis, that the examined French non-finite constructions often correspond to Swedish main or subordinate clauses, or even other constructions, such as other phrases. On the other hand, it has also been noted that the French infinitive phrase, in most cases, has been translated by an infinitive phrase, which means that no transposition has been made. The Swedish interpretations illustrated in this study are not to be regarded as proof of the occurrence of structural differences and similarities ; the intention is to show how the French constructions in question can be translated into Swedish, and to demonstrate certain tendencies of the two languages respectively.
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Cheng, Hui Wen, and 鄭惠文. "Non-finite Clauses in Mayrinax Atayal: A view from Cartographic Approach." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/61391500495092510193.
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碩士<br>國立清華大學<br>語言學研究所<br>103<br>From the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 2001) and the Cartographic Approach (Rizzi 1997, Cinque 1999), the thesis attempts to investigate the syntax of various types of non-finite clauses in Mayrinax Atayal, an Austronesian language spoken in Northern Taiwan. The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it elicits and documents the data of non-finite and finite clauses. Second, it illustrates the derivations of various complement clauses. The first two chapters consist of a brief introduction for Mayrinax Atayal and the literature review. Chapter 3 is a discussion for non-finite in Mayrinax. Chapter 4 introduces some finite clauses in Mayrinax so as to compare with non-finite clauses. Chapter 5 gives formal analyses of non-finite clauses and cartography of clauses in Mayrinax. Chapter 6 is the conclusion.
According to different selections of the matrix predicate, including obligatory control, purpose, restructuring, direct perception, tough construction, and psycho-verbs, we examine diverse representations of Mayrinax non-finite clauses. We find that all non-finite clauses without exception have close relationship with linking constructions in Mayrinax Atayal (Huang 1995a, Liu 2011, C. Wu 2013). That is, non-finite clauses are all introduced by different linkers like ’i’, ru’, cu’, ku’. Non-finite complements show clause reduction (or union) with respect to the lack of independent subject and tense. Subject anaphoricity and tenselessness imply that the truncation occurs in syntactic realization. Different types of non-finite clauses demonstrate different sizes of complements such as CP, AspP, VoiceP, and nominalized DP.
On the other hand, we explore several types of finite clauses in Mayrinax Atayal so as to make a comparison with non-finite clauses. Some linkers heading finite clauses are homophonous to non-finite linkers, which indicates that linkers are multifunctional and they occupy different positions syntactically due to a grammaticalization process.
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Shih, Chien-Yu, and 史千育. "A Study of Lack of Non-finite Clauses in Chinese in EFL Learning and English-Chinese Translation." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/jtm2vq.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>應用外語系<br>106<br>In the contrastive study between English and Chinese, the most striking difference is the typological difference in terms of finite and non-finite verbs. English has both finite and non-finite verbs whereas Chinese does not have non-finite verbs at all. In other words, verbals such as infinitives, gerunds, and participles are entirely absent in Chinese. Such an absence leaves Chinese with only one kind of clauses to express events, in contrast with English that has finite clauses and non-finite clauses to do the job. This difference brings forth a lot of trouble to ESL learning by Chinese speakers and to translation between English and Chinese. There are simply no counterparts in Chinese to English non-finite VPs and non-finite clauses. This is a serious POS mismatch between English and Chinese.
This study starts from finding out the reasons behind the POS ambiguity in English and the POS mismatch between English and Chinese with a view to understanding what sorts of language knowledge required to do POS disambiguation. The knowledge of this particular POS disambiguation for words ending with -ed or -ing and for the root forms following preposition “to” would certainly equipped non-English speakers to understand English non-finite VPs. Shian-jung Chen’s Computer reader is used to discover how non-finite clauses are used to expressing events, how zero-anaphor resolution used to restore PRO-DROP in non-finite clauses is done, and what kinds of sentence construction rules are used by English writers to express inter-event relations when non-finite clauses are used.
The study recommends a lot of suggestions for Chinese learners regarding how to master the knowledge needed to tackle the POS ambiguity in understanding English non-finite VPs and to translate English non-finite clauses into Chinese.
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Černá, Daniela. "Polovětné konstrukce (l'infinitif, le gérondif, le participe présent) a mluvený projev." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-341010.
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The aim of the thesis "Non-finite clauses (infinitive, gerund, present participle) and speech" is to describe the occurence and the use of the non-finite clauses in spoken French. The situation of the non-finite clauses in speech is established by means of the analysis of the essay "Usage du gérondif et du participe présent en francais parlé et écrit : étude comparée basée sur corpus" and the inquiry. Another aim is to suggest various expressions that could replace the non-finite clauses. These expressions result from the inquiry that was made with only natives speakers responding. We also try to consider the influence of different aspects such as age, profession, nationality on the usage of the the non-finite clauses. The conclusions that we come to in the thesis should enlighten the situation of the non-finite clauses infinitive, gerund, present participle in spontaneous speech and they could also serve as a tool for French teachers in the form of a review of the present state of the issue in spoken French. KEYWORDS non-finite clause, infinitive, gerund, present participle, speech
Books on the topic "Non-finite clauses"
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Alt, Nicholas C. Non-finite clauses in English verb complementation. University of Birmingham, 1991.
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Inc, ebrary, ed. Non-finite complementation: A usage-based study of infinitive and -ing clauses in English. Rodopi, 2008.
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Bhatt, Rajesh. Covert Modality in Non-Finite Contexts (Interface Explorations). Mouton de Gruyter, 2006.
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Egan, Thomas. Non-Finite Complementation: A Usage-Based Study of Infinitive and -Ing Clauses in English. Rodopi B.V. Editions, 2008.
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Laughren, Mary. The Ergative in Warlpiri: A Case Study. Edited by Jessica Coon, Diane Massam, and Lisa Demena Travis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739371.013.39.
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The DP subject of a Warlpiri finite clause containing verbs of a certain class is marked with the ergative suffix whereas other DP subjects are morphologically unmarked. This chapter examines the wider distribution in Warlpiri of the ergative morpheme and the varied functions of ergative-marked DPs in both finite and non-finite clauses. Particular focus is on the relationship between the subject-marking and instrument adjunct-marking role of the ergative suffix. Unlike finite transitive clauses in which both an agent subject and an instrument adjunct are marked ergative, in non-finite clauses only one of these can be marked ergative: the instrument adjunct in clauses where the agent subject is realized either as phonologically null PRO or as a dative case-marked DP external to the verb phrase; the agent or instrument subject contained in the infinitival phrase embedded in a stative predicate whose external subject is co-referent with the logical object of the embedded verb.
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Chamoreau, Claudine. Purepecha, a Polysynthetic but Predominantly Dependent-Marking Language. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.38.
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Purepecha (language isolate, Mexico) has one relevant characteristic that leads to identifying it as a polysynthetic language: productive verbal morphology (in particular locative suffixes). Purepecha is a predominantly dependent-marking language, as its pronominal markers are enclitics, generally second position enclitics. But, in some contexts Purepecha shows head-marking characteristics. Today, pronominal enclitics exhibit variation, tending to move to the rightmost position in the clause; they may encliticize to the predicate itself, showing a head-attraction or polypersonalism strategy and making Purepecha more polysynthetic. But this language lacks noun incorporation. Purepecha has three types of non-finite clause: two subordinate clauses (non-finite complement clauses and purpose clauses) and a syntactically independent clause (the chain-medial clause). This seemingly inconsistent situation (characterized by a correlation of different properties, some of which have not been identified as polysynthetic) calls for addressing the typological classification of Purepecha among the polysynthetic languages.
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Jenks, Peter, and Sharon Rose. Documenting Raising and Control in Moro. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256340.003.0010.
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This chapter details classes of raising and control predicates in Moro and the different types of clausal complements for which these predicates select. It is demonstrated that Moro allows raising from both finite and non-finite complement clauses, while control predicates select only non-finite complements, including infinitival clauses and gerunds. Putative finite complements of control predicates are shown to be instances of No Control. In addition, the chapter examines the distribution of different classes of control and raising predicates relative to each other in order to motivate an articulated clausal structure for Moro. More generally, this chapter stands as a proof-of-concept that relatively simple diagnostic tests can be employed during linguistic elicitation to distinguish control from raising constructions. It is suggested that such tests comprise an essential component of linguistic documentation.
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Danckaert, Lieven. The Development of Latin Clause Structure. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759522.001.0001.
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The focus of this book is Latin word order, and in particular the relative ordering of direct objects and lexical verbs (OV vs. VO), and auxiliaries and non-finite verbs (VAux vs. AuxV). One aim of the book is to offer a first detailed, corpus-based description of these two word order alternations, with special emphasis on their diachronic development in the period from ca. 200 BC until 600 AD. The corpus data reveal that some received wisdom needs to be reconsidered. For one thing, there is no evidence for any major increase in productivity of the order VO during the eight centuries under investigation. In addition, the order AuxV only becomes more frequent in clauses with a modal verb and an infinitive, not in clauses with a BE-auxiliary and a past participle. A second goal is to answer a more fundamental question about Latin syntax, namely whether or not the language is ‘configurational’, in the sense that a phrase structure grammar (with ‘higher-order constituents’ such as verb phrases) is needed to describe and analyse facts of Latin word order. Four pieces of evidence are presented which suggest that Latin is indeed a fully configurational language, despite its high degree of word order flexibility. Specifically, it is shown that there is ample evidence for the existence of a verb phrase constituent. The book thus contributes to the ongoing debate whether configurationality (phrase structure) is a language universal or not.
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Paciaroni, Tania, and Michele Loporcaro. Overt gender marking depending on syntactic context in Ripano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795438.003.0007.
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Based on dedicated fieldwork, this chapter analyses the gender system of Ripano (Italo-Romance), showing that it displays overt gender marking, but only depending on syntactic context. While overt gender per se and the syntactic dependency of gender marking via agreement on targets have both been described for several languages, the Ripano system is unprecedented, and deserves thorough description: thus, the chapter presents the phonological, morphological, and morphosyntactic prerequisites as well as the syntactic conditions which constrain overt gender marking. It places this peculiarity of Ripano in perspective, describing the many other quite extraordinary properties of this dialect: not only does it mark—unusually for Indo-European—gender/number agreement on finite verbs, but also on several other agreement targets, including non-finite verb forms, complementizers, wh-words, and even nouns, which in certain syntactic constructions cumulate the usual inherent gender specification with highly unusual contextual gender marking, determined via agreement with the clause subject.
Book chapters on the topic "Non-finite clauses"
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Burton-Roberts, Noel. "Non-finite clauses." In Analysing Sentences, 5th ed. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003118916-11.
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Stephens, Janig. "Non-finite clauses in Breton." In Celtic Linguistics / Ieithyddiaeth Geltaidd. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.68.15ste.
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Fenn, Peter, and Götz Schwab. "Non-finite clauses in the complex sentence (III)." In Introducing English Syntax. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315148434-10.
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Fenn, Peter, and Götz Schwab. "Non-finite clauses in the complex sentence (I)." In Introducing English Syntax. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315148434-8.
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Fenn, Peter, and Götz Schwab. "Non-finite clauses in the complex sentence (II)." In Introducing English Syntax. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315148434-9.
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Soare, Elena, and Rodica Zafiu. "Chapter 9. Adnominal non-finite constituents and complement clauses." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.207.09soa.
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Pietsch, Lukas. "Nominative subjects of non-finite clauses in Hiberno-English." In Connectivity in Grammar and Discourse. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hsm.5.10pie.
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Hyams, Nina. "Child Non-Finite Clauses and the Mood-Aspect Connection." In Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory. Springer Netherlands, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3033-9_13.
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Bromberger, Martin, Lorenz Leutgeb, and Christoph Weidenbach. "Symbolic Model Construction for Saturated Constrained Horn Clauses." In Frontiers of Combining Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43369-6_8.
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AbstractClause sets saturated by hierarchic ordered resolution do not offer a model representation that can be effectively queried, in general. They only offer the guarantee of the existence of a model. We present an effective symbolic model construction for saturated constrained Horn clauses. Constraints are in linear arithmetic, the first-order part is restricted to a function-free language. The model is constructed in finite time, and non-ground clauses can be effectively evaluated with respect to the model. Furthermore, we prove that our model construction produces the least model.
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Chamoreau, Claudine. "Non-finite chain-medial clauses on the continuum of finiteness in Purepecha." In Finiteness and Nominalization. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.113.05cha.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Non-finite clauses"
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Nefedov, Andrey. "A Polysynthetic Language in Contact: The Case of Ket." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.5-2.
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Ket is one of the most enigmatic polysynthetic languages in North Asia. The majority of structural features complicating a clear-cut typological analysis of Ket are due to the long-term contact with the languages of a radically different type that resulted in a peculiar process of structural mimicry (or ‘typological accommodation’ in Vajda’s (2017) terms). The mimicry is most evident in the verbal morphology, which is traditionally regarded as almost exclusively prefixing. While this is true for the oldest layer of verbs with the main lexical root in the final position, Ket’s most productive patterns of verb formation clearly imitate suffixal agglutination typical of the surrounding languages by placing the main lexical root in the initial position with the rest of morphemes following it. This presentation aims to demonstrate that this phenomenon is also attested at the syntactic level. Prototypical polysynthetic languages are largely devoid of overt subordination (cf. Baker 1996). Ket, however, signals adverbial subordination by using postposed relational morphemes attached to fully finite verbs. This pattern is common to adverbial clauses in the neighboring languages, the difference being that they attach relational morphemes to non-finite forms only. This functional-structural parallel is likewise attested in relative clauses. The surrounding languages share a common relativization pattern involving preposed participial relative clauses with a ‘gapped’ relativized noun phrase (Pakendorf 2012). This resembles the major relativization pattern in Ket, in which, however, preposed relative clauses are fully finite. Formation of adverbial and relative clauses in Ket clearly mimics that of the surrounding languages and does not conform to the expected ‘polysynthetic’ pattern. At the same time, Ket resists accommodating a participle-like morphology, which can be connected with the general tendency among polysynthetic languages not to have truly non-finite forms (cf. Nichols 1992).
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Prigorkina, Veronika. "ORDER ICONICITY PRINCIPLE IN TEMPORAL INTERPRETATION OF RUSSIAN PERFECTIVE PARTICIPIAL AND CONVERBIAL CLAUSES." In Проблемы языка: взгляд молодых учёных. Институт языкознания РАН, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/978-5-6049527-1-9-5.
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Pragmatic factors frequently affect the interpretation of grammatical constructions, and the category of relative tense is no exception. To arrange the events on the timescale with respect to each other interlocutors may resort to the implicit content of the phrase – implicatures. The current study observed the effect of a specific pragmatic phenomenon – Order Iconicity Principle (OIP) – on the interpretation of non-finite taxis constructions in Russian: perfective past participles (prichastija) and perfective converbs (deeprichastija). According to this principle, the perceptually and statistically preferred temporal interpretation of sequential events is the one which iconically corresponds to the predicates' order of mentioning. Based on a series of self-paced reading and interpretation acceptability judgements (IAJ) experiments, I suggest that OIP applicability scope can be extended from coordinated structures with perfective verbs [Paducheva 2017; Khrakovskij 2009] and dependent temporal clauses [Clark & Clark 1968; Sasanuma & Kamio 1976; Natsopoulos et al. 1991; Jansen 2008] to nonfinite constructions. In accordance with the hypotheses, for both Russian perfective participles and converbs there was a significant OIP effect, manifested in higher acceptability rates and shorter interpretation latencies for iconic temporal interpretation even when the interpretations were not contextually or lexically supported. Due to the difference in the syntactic and discourse properties of the constructions (scale of finiteness, syntactic function, preservation of the dynamic verb semantics and category of absolute tense; [Vjal'sova 2008]; [Krapivina 2009]; [Say 2020]), a significantly smaller OIP effect was noted for participles. Results of an additional pilot study including free-interpretation of these constructions even further suggest that highly debatable posteriority interpretation in Russian non-finite clauses [Rappaport 1984; Shigurov 1991; Weiss 1995; Akimova & Kozintseva 2001; Khrakovskij 2003; Birzer 2010] to be a specific realization of OIP implicature for Russian perfective converbs and of an absolute past reference for Russian perfective past participles.
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Eckle-Kohler, Judith. "Verbs Taking Clausal and Non-Finite Arguments as Signals of Modality – Revisiting the Issue of Meaning Grounded in Syntax." In Proceedings of the 54th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-1077.
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Schjo̸dt-Thomsen, Jan, and Ryszard Pyrz. "Nano-Scale Stress: From Discrete to Continuum." In ASME 2006 Multifunctional Nanocomposites International Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mn2006-17064.
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The present work deals with a stress measure derived from a general atomic force field. Usually, stresses at atomic level are determined through the Clausius virial theorem for a fixed volume containing interacting particles. The present stress is derived on the basis of the first Brillouin zone, or equivalently the Voronoi cell, surrounding the atom. Thus, this is the smallest scale at which the stress measure makes sense. Obviously, the stress is discrete in nature since the Voronoi cells are discrete. In order for the stress to become continuous the finite element formalism is used in terms of interpolation functions from 3D Voronoi elements. The present stress measure is non-local, it is not necessarily symmetric in its indices and incorporates micro-deformations.