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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-first normal form databases'

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Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Litwin, Witold, M. Ketabchi, and Ravi Krishnamurthy. "First order normal form for relational databases and multidatabases." ACM SIGMOD Record 20, no. 4 (1991): 74–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/141356.141389.

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2

Michalewicz, Zbigniew, and Alvin Yeo. "A Good Normal Form for Relational Databases." Fundamenta Informaticae 12, no. 2 (1989): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1989-12202.

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In the conceptual design of relational databases one of the main goals is to create a conceptual scheme, which minimize redundancies and eliminate deletion and addition anomalies, i.e. to create relation schemes in some good normal form. The study of relational databases has produced a host of normal forms: 2NF, 3NF, BCNF, Elementary-Key Normal Form, 4NF, Weak 4NF, PJ/NF, DK/NF, LTKNF, (3,3)NF, etc. There are two features which characterize these normal forms. First, they consider each relation separately. We believe that a normal form (which reflects the goodness of the conceptual design) sho

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3

Liu, Y., and G. Lakemeyer. "On the Expressiveness of Levesque's Normal Form." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 31 (February 20, 2008): 259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.2428.

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Levesque proposed a generalization of a database called a proper knowledge base (KB), which is equivalent to a possibly infinite consistent set of ground literals. In contrast to databases, proper KBs do not make the closed-world assumption and hence the entailment problem becomes undecidable. Levesque then proposed a limited but efficient inference method V for proper KBs, which is sound and, when the query is in a certain normal form, also logically complete. He conjectured that for every first-order query there is an equivalent one in normal form. In this note, we show that this conjecture

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Khalil, Omar Kassem, Aissa Boudjella, and Brahim Belhouari Samir. "Comparison between Normalized Databases Implemented with Different Database Systems." Advanced Materials Research 774-776 (September 2013): 1827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.774-776.1827.

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This paper compares different levels of database normalization process in terms of anomalies removal and storage reduction. Several databases have been normalized up to Third Normal Form (1NF, 2NF and 3NF) in order to investigate the influence of the normalization on the database performance. They are implemented separately with different database systems such as MS Access, SQL Server and Oracle. The percentage of storage reduction and data anomalies are investigated for every normal form and database system. The results show that the data storage is significantly reduced over unnormalized dat

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Ginsburg, Seymour, and Dan Simovici. "Automatic Data Restructuring." JUCS - Journal of Universal Computer Science 5, no. (4) (1999): 243–86. https://doi.org/10.3217/jucs-005-04-0243.

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Data restructuring is often an integral but non-trivial part of information processing, especially when the data structures are fairly complicated. This paper describes the underpinnings of a program, called the Restructurer, that relieves the user of the "thinking and coding" process normally associated with writing procedural programs for data restructuring. The process is accomplished by the Restructurer in two stages. In the first, the differences in the input and output data structures are recognized and the applicability of various transformation rules analyzed. The result is a plan for

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Cui, Shi Chao, Ying Li, and Yong Bin Wang. "Implementation of Ontology Extraction Oriented to Non-Normalized Database." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 1489–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.1489.

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Ontology has be applied in many fields, such as data integration, system interoperability, etc. At present, there are many ontology extraction methods based on relational database, but they all assume that the database schema is at least in third normal form (3NF). A set of improved rules to extract ontology is presented in this paper. The ontology generated is described with the OWL language. Compared with other existing methods, this approach can be able to identify a variety of strategies about non-normalized design of relational databases and deal with them, while none of existing methods

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Skrbic, Srdjan, Milos Rackovic, and Aleksandar Takaci. "Towards the methodology for development of fuzzy relational database applications." Computer Science and Information Systems 8, no. 1 (2011): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/csis100102010s.

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In this paper we examine the possibilities to extend the relational data model with the mechanisms that can handle imprecise, uncertain and inconsistent attribute values using fuzzy logic and fuzzy sets. We present a fuzzy relational data model which we use for fuzzy knowledge representation in relational databases that guarantees the model in 3rd normal form. We also describe the CASE tool for the fuzzy database model development which is apparently the first implementation of such a CASE tool. In this sense, this paper presents a leap forward towards the specification of a methodology for fu

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Boumedine, Ahmed Yassine, Samia Bentaieb, and Abdelaziz Ouamri. "Learning Normal Maps for Robust 3D Face Recognition from Kinect Data." International Journal of Applied Evolutionary Computation 13, no. 2 (2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijaec.314616.

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Face recognition using 3D scans can be achieved by many approaches, but most of these approaches are based on high quality depth sensors. In this paper, the authors use the normal maps obtained from the Kinect sensor to investigate the usefulness of data augmentation and signal-level fusion derived from depth data captured by a low quality sensor. In this face recognition process, the authors first preprocess the captured 3D scan of each person by cropping the face and reducing the noise; normals are computed and separated into three maps: Nx, Ny, and Nz. the authors combine the three normal m

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9

D.I., Hamidullaev, and Yugay I.A. "Non-Syndromic Craniosynostosis in Children: Scoping Review." Asian Pacific Journal of Environment and Cancer 5, S1 (2022): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjec.2022.5.s1.61-65.

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Background: Craniosynostosis (CS) is a complex condition consisting of the early fusion of one or more cranial sutures in the intrauterine stage. The affected infant exhibits abnormal head shape at time of birth or shortly thereafter. It can be observed in normal individuals (non-syndromic CS or NSCS) or as a part of a multisystem syndrome. The purposes of the present ar-ticle were to carry out a scoping review on Non-Syndromic CS and to discuss the most important findings retrieved. Material and Methods: The steps of this scoping review were as follows: first, to pose a re-search question; se

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Haj Najeb, Alaa Nabeel, and Nasser Nasser. "Facial Expression Recognition Based on Texture Features." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 24, no. 2 (2021): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.24020144.

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Facial expressions are a form of non-verbal communication, they appear as changes on the surface of the facial skin according to one's inner emotional states, aims, or social communications. Classification of these expressions is a normal process for humans, but it is a challenging task for machines.Lately, interest in facial expression recognition has grown, and many systems have been developed to classify expressions from facial images. Any expression recognition system is comprised of three steps. The first one is face acquisition, then feature extraction, and finally classification. The cl

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11

Skavantzos, Philipp, and Sebastian Link. "Normalizing Property Graphs." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 16, no. 11 (2023): 3031–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3611479.3611506.

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Normalization aims at minimizing sources of potential data inconsistency and costs of update maintenance incurred by data redundancy. For relational databases, different classes of dependencies cause data redundancy and have resulted in proposals such as Third, Boyce-Codd, Fourth and Fifth Normal Form. Features of more advanced data models make it challenging to extend achievements from the relational model to missing, non-atomic, or uncertain data. We initiate research on the normalization of graph data, starting with a class of functional dependencies tailored to property graphs. We show tha

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Dittrich, B., C. B. Hübschle, J. J. Holstein, and F. P. A. Fabbiani. "Towards extracting the charge density from normal-resolution data." Journal of Applied Crystallography 42, no. 6 (2009): 1110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889809034621.

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The limiting factor for charge-density studies is crystal quality. Although area detection and low temperatures enable redundant data collection, only compounds that form well diffracting single crystals without disorder are amenable to these studies. If thermal motion and electron density ρ(r) were de-convoluted, multipole parameters could also be refined with lower-resolution data, such as those commonly collected for macromolecules. Using the invariom database for first refining conventional parameters (x,y,zand atomic displacement parameters), de-convolution can be achieved. In a subsequen

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Holman, Monika. "Using tap water compared with normal saline for cleansing wounds in adults: a literature review of the evidence." Journal of Wound Care 32, no. 8 (2023): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2023.32.8.507.

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Objective: The aim of this literature review was to establish the evidence for using tap water as opposed to normal saline for cleansing wounds in adults. Tap water is widely available and non-toxic to wounds, making it a cost-effective solution for wound cleansing. Despite that, contrary opinions exist with regard to its safety, such as: fear of wound colonisation by Pseudomonas spp. found in plumbing systems of healthcare facilities; damage to the wound bed; or increased pain when tap water is used for wound cleansing. Method: A PICO model was used as a guide to form the title, and the stand

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Berti, Vinicio. "PRÍONS E DOENÇAS PRIÔNICAS: UMA REVISÃO." Colloquium Vitae 12, no. 2 (2020): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/10.5747/cv.2020.v12.n2.v296.

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The name príon is given to an altered form of a protein present at the surface of neurons. Prions are remarkable for been able to induct their normal counterpart to assume the pathological configuration on a kind of chain reaction, with the possibility of trasmission between subjects and even through different species. Prions can cause a series of neurodegenerative disorders affecting humans (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, fatal familial insomnia, kuru), and animals such cattle (bovine spongiform encephalopathy or “mad cow disease”), deer (chronic wasting d

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Tayal, Devendra K., and P. C. Saxena. "Multivalued Dependencies in Fuzzy Multivalued Relational Databases Using Fuzzy Functions." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 23, no. 04 (2015): 589–626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488515500269.

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In this paper we discuss an important integrity constraint called multivalued dependency (mvd), which occurs as a result of the first normal form, in the framework of a newly proposed model called fuzzy multivalued relational data model. The fuzzy multivalued relational data model proposed in this paper accommodates a wider class of ambiguities by representing the domain of attributes as a “set of fuzzy subsets”. We show that our model is able to represent multiple types of impreciseness occurring in the real world. To compute the equality of two fuzzy sets/values (which occur as tuple-values)

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Pavan, A., Kuldeep S. Meel, N. V. Vinodchandran, and Arnab Bhattacharyya. "Constraint Optimization over Semirings." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 4 (2023): 4070–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i4.25522.

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Interpretations of logical formulas over semirings (other than the Boolean semiring) have applications in various areas of computer science including logic, AI, databases, and security. Such interpretations provide richer information beyond the truth or falsity of a statement. Examples of such semirings include Viterbi semiring, min-max or access control semiring, tropical semiring, and fuzzy semiring. The present work investigates the complexity of constraint optimization problems over semirings. The generic optimization problem we study is the following: Given a propositional formula phi ove

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Fitzharris, Laura, Emer McGowan, and Julie Broderick. "Barriers and facilitators to refugees and asylum seekers accessing non hospital based care: A mixed methods systematic review protocol." HRB Open Research 6 (December 19, 2023): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13671.2.

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Context Social exclusion is characterised by and represents a form of disadvantage and marginalisation of vulnerable groups of people in society, who cannot fully participate in the normal activities of daily living. People who are socially excluded such as asylum seekers and refugees have complex healthcare needs and tend to present more to the acute hospital setting as emergency presentations. Little is known about barriers and facilitators experienced by this group to accessing nonhospital based care. Objectives This mixed methods systematic review, will critically examine the concept of ba

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Fitzharris, Laura, Emer McGowan, and Julie Broderick. "Barriers and facilitators to refugees, asylum seekers and people experiencing homelessness accessing non hospital based care: A mixed methods systematic review protocol." HRB Open Research 6 (February 23, 2023): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/hrbopenres.13671.1.

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Context: Social exclusion is characterised by and represents a form of disadvantage and marginalisation of vulnerable groups of people in society, who cannot fully participate in the normal activities of daily living. Socially excluded groups consist of, but are not limited to the following groups: people experiencing homelessness, asylum seekers and refugees. People from socially excluded groups have complex healthcare needs including infectious and non-communicable diseases. People from socially excluded groups tend to present more to the acute hospital setting as emergency presentations. Li

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Wang, Yuan, Yongbiao Huang, Mu Yang, et al. "Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analyses of Immunogenic Cell Death as a Biomarker in Predicting Prognosis and Therapeutic Response." Cancers 14, no. 23 (2022): 5952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235952.

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Immunogenic cell death (ICD), a form of regulated cell death, is related to anticancer therapy. Due to the absence of widely accepted markers, characterizing ICD-related phenotypes across cancer types remained unexplored. Here, we defined the ICD score to delineate the ICD landscape across 33 cancerous types and 31 normal tissue types based on transcriptomic, proteomic and epigenetics data from multiple databases. We found that ICD score showed cancer type-specific association with genomic and immune features. Importantly, the ICD score had the potential to predict therapy response and patient

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Roodnat, Anton W., Chelsey Doyle, Breedge Callaghan та ін. "Investigating the miRNA-mRNA interactome of human trabecular meshwork cells treated with TGF-β1 provides insights into the pathogenesis of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma". PLOS ONE 20, № 1 (2025): e0318125. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318125.

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Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma is a severe form of secondary open angle glaucoma and is associated with activation of the TGF-β pathway by TGF-β1. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA species that are involved in regulation of mRNA expression and translation. To investigate what glaucomatous changes occur in the trabecular meshwork and how these changes may be regulated by miRNAs, we performed a bioinformatics analysis resulting in a miRNA-mRNA interactome. Primary human trabecular meshwork cells originating from normal donors were treated with TGF-β1 at 5 ng/mL for 24h; total RNA was extra

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Devi, Sujata, R. K. Singh, Niladri Sen, and N. Pradhan. "Study of Calcium Treatment in Steel Ladles for the Modification of Alumina Inclusions to Avoid Nozzle Clogging during Casting." Materials Science Forum 978 (February 2020): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.978.12.

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Presence of non-metallic inclusion deteriorates quality of steel and causes nozzle clogging during casting. Nozzle clogging eventually leads to a disruption of normal casting operations. This happens when solid alumina inclusions get accumulate in the nozzle of submerged entry nozzle (SEN). Therefore, it is required to understand the inclusion characteristics (shape, size and chemistry), which forms during the steelmaking process. Calcium is added in the steel ladle furnace (LF) in the form of CaSi wire to modify inclusions and to desulphurize steel. The range in which all the oxides become li

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Kallor, Ashwin Adrian, Michał Waleron, Georges Bedran, et al. "Abstract 6577: CARMEN: A pan-HLA and pan-cancer proteogenomic database on antigen presentation to support cancer immunotherapy." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (2023): 6577. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-6577.

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Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has greatly improved the quality of life of cancer patients and it hinges on the discovery of novel cancer antigens that could be targeted to improve disease outcomes. The creation of databases such as IEDB, SysteMHC, TANTIGEN, caAtlas, HLA Ligand Atlas, Cancer Antigenic Peptide Database, SPENCER and IEAtlas support the immunopeptidomics community in understanding the landscape of antigen presentation. We have developed a pan-cancer, pan-HLA, and pan-tissue database containing immunopeptidomics data mapped to transcriptomic, genomic, immunological and biochemical

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Mahardhika Rahmawati, Primasari, Achlish Abdillah, and Devin Siska Ravinawati. "The Effect of Music Therapy on Declining Anxiety of Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: Literature Review." D'Nursing and Health Journal (DNHJ) 4, no. 1 (2023): 32–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.61595/dnursing.v4i1.593.

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Introduction: Chronic disease in the presence of abnormal cells that grow faster than the normal limits of cells in general with the most commonly used medical treatment being chemotherapy. Chemotherapy treatment has several side effects, one of which is anxiety. However, there is one non-pharmacological therapy that can be applied to reduce the feeling of anxiety, namely music therapy. The purpose of writing this literature review is to identify the effectiveness of music therapy against decreased anxiety in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Method: The method used in writing is a lite

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Rosyad, Shelly Rodliah, Yekti Satriyandari, and Surabhi Sharma. "The pregnant women’s experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review." Journal of Health Technology Assessment in Midwifery 4, no. 2 (2021): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/jhtam.2091.

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Backgrounds: Pregnancy is a normal physiological process experienced by women. During this COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women have atypical experiences. The COVID-19 pandemic also instigates psychological problems in the form of anxiety and depression in pregnant women. Supports are exceedingly needed by pregnant women, especially during the current pandemic. They can take several measures during their pregnancy to reduce their level of anxiety.Objective of the study: To review evidence related to pregnant women’s experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic.Review methods: This scoping review meth

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Hastuti, Dewi A. R., Johnny L. Rompis, and Jeanette I. Ch Manoppo. "Pengaruh Pemberian Probiotik terhadap Neonatus dengan Hiperbilirubinemia." Medical Scope Journal 5, no. 2 (2023): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35790/msj.v5i2.45410.

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Abstract: Hyperbilirubinemia is a medical condition that is often found in the first week of neonates. The usual treatment for hyperbilirubinemia is phototherapy, however, many studies revealed probiotics as another form of treatment. Probiotics are live microorganisms that have similarities to the normal intestinal flora. They are believed to reduce enterohepatic cycle activity which can reduce serum bilirubin in neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. This study aimed to determine the effect of probiotics on neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. This was a literature review study using three different

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S. Roberts, Ria, Fafa Huberta Koudoro, Mark S. Elliott, and Zhiyong Han. "Is There Pandemic Vitamin D Deficiency in the Black Population? A Review of Evidence." Open Nutrition Journal 9, no. 1 (2015): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1876396001509010005.

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Although 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] is the biologically active form of vitamin D, measurement of the total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level is the gold standard used to define vitamin D status. Currently, it is widely accepted that serum 25 (OH) D levels below 20 ng/ml defines vitamin D deficiency. According to this definition, there appears to be pandemic vitamin D deficiency in the Black population. However, there is no evidence of higher-than-normal rates of common complications and symptomology of true vitamin D deficiency in the Black population. What is going on? We re

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Baral, Adesh, Ritesh Gorkhali, Amit Basnet, Shubham Koirala, and Hitesh K Bhattarai. "Efficacy and Toxicity of Different Forms of Asparaginases Against Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Review." Nepal Journal of Biotechnology 9, no. 2 (2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.54796/njb.v9i2.41914.

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Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a form of blood cancer that affects white blood cells and is among the most common forms of leukemia with children and adolescents showing the highest number of cases. Most treatment protocols include chemotherapy using asparaginase. Asparaginase converts asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia. Unlike normal, healthy cells, cancerous cells depend on asparagine for their growth. When these cells are deprived of asparagine by the action of the enzyme, the cancer cells selectively die. As of date, several forms of asparaginases are commercially available and

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Hsu, Sharon Nienyun, Erika Wong En Hui, Mengzhen Liu, Di Wu, Thomas A. Hughes, and James Smith. "Revealing nuclear receptor hub modules from Basal-like breast cancer expression networks." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0252901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252901.

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Nuclear receptors are a class of transcriptional factors. Together with their co-regulators, they regulate development, homeostasis, and metabolism in a ligand-dependent manner. Their ability to respond to environmental stimuli rapidly makes them versatile cellular components. Their coordinated activities regulate essential pathways in normal physiology and in disease. Due to their complexity, the challenge remains in understanding their direct associations in cancer development. Basal-like breast cancer is an aggressive form of breast cancer that often lacks ER, PR and Her2. The absence of th

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Chen, Yu, Jialun Wang, Qiyuan Guo, Xihan Li, and Xiaoping Zou. "Identification of MYEOV-Associated Gene Network as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Pancreatic Cancer." Cancers 14, no. 21 (2022): 5439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14215439.

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The molecular mechanism that promotes pancreatic cancer remains unclear, so it is important to find the molecular network of important genes related to pancreatic cancer. To find the key molecule of pancreatic cancer, differential gene expression analyses were analyzed by the Deseq2 package, edgeR package, and limma-voom package, respectively. Pancreatic cancer survival-related genes were analyzed by COX survival analysis. Finally, we integrated the results to obtain the significantly differentially expressed gene, MYEOV (myeloma overexpressed gene), most strongly related to survival in pancre

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Putri, Lailia Fitriana, Dian Kartikasari, and Noor Faizah. "Penerapan Terapi Foot Massage untuk Menurunkan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi di Ruang Sulaiman 4 RS Roemani Muhammadiyah Semarang." MAHESA : Malahayati Health Student Journal 3, no. 12 (2023): 3924–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v3i12.11618.

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ABSTRACT Hypertension is a condition in which a person experiences an increase in blood pressure above normal as indicated by the systolic number (top) and diastolic number (bottom) on a blood pressure check using a blood pressure measuring device, either in the form of a mercury cuff (Sphygomanometer) or other digital devices. , non-pharmacological therapy to reduce hypertension, namely foot massage can improve the smooth return of blood to the heart, dilate blood vessels, stimulate parasympathetic activity, and ultimately produce a relaxation response that lowers blood pressure making blood

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Ainiyati, Savira Oktavia, nurdiana nurdiana, and Nur Aini Retno Hastuti. "LITERATURE REVIEW: PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BIT (Beta vulgaris L.) TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN." Journal of Issues in Midwifery 6, no. 1 (2022): 10–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.joim.2022.006.01.2.

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Background: Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin level in blood is lower than normal. The major cause of high incidence of anemia in women is caused by blood loss especially during menstruation and lack of adequate nutritional intake for the hemoglobin formation, Â so lot of women experiences anemia. One of the non-pharmacological alternatives to treat anemia is by consuming beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) from the Chenopodiaceae family. A total of 100 grams of beet contains 0.8 mg of iron, 128.7 mg of betalain, 4.9 mg of vitamin C, and 109 Âµg of folic acid which is important for hematop

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Kamsu, Gabriel Tchuente, and Eugene Jamot Ndebia. "Usefulness of Natural Phenolic Compounds in the Fight against Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review." Future Pharmacology 4, no. 3 (2024): 626–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/futurepharmacol4030034.

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Esophageal cancer (EC) is a very common form of cancer in developing countries, and its exponential progression is a cause for concern. Available treatments face the phenomenon of multi-drug resistance, as well as multiple disabling side effects. The number of deaths is expected to double by 2030 if nothing is done. Due to their high representativeness in plants, phenolic compounds are a potential alternative for halting the spread of this disease, which bereaves many thousands of families every year. This study aims to identify phenolic compounds with activity against esophageal cancer, asses

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Fan, Jinjiang, Enrico Campioli, Andrew Midzak, Martine Culty, and Vassilios Papadopoulos. "Conditional steroidogenic cell-targeted deletion of TSPO unveils a crucial role in viability and hormone-dependent steroid formation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 23 (2015): 7261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502670112.

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Translocator protein (TSPO) is a key member of the mitochondrial cholesterol transport complex in steroidogenic tissues. To assess the function of TSPO, we generated two lines of Cre-mediated Tspo conditional knockout (cKO) mice. First, gonadal somatic cell-targeting Amhr2-Cre mice were crossed with Tspo-floxed mice to obtain F1 Tspo Amhr2 cKO mice (Tspofl/fl;Amhr2-Cre/+). The unexpected Mendelian ratio of 4.4% cKO mice was confirmed by genotyping of 12.5-day-postcoitum (dpc) embryos. As Amhr2-Cre is expressed in gonads at 12.5 dpc, these findings suggest preimplantation selection of embryos.

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Miura, Takao, Kunihiko Moriya, and Hiroshi Arisawa. "On the irreducible Non First normal form Relations." Information Systems 12, no. 3 (1987): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-4379(87)90001-9.

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Ma, Cai Xia, and Yan Min Wang. "Application of the Standardization of the Relationship in the Database Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 1809–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.1809.

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The library database design needs to accord certain rules, in relational database, this rule is paradigm. Paradigm is in line with a certain level of relational schema collections. Relational database relationship must meet certain requirements, namely to meet the different paradigms. At present, there are six kinds of relationship database paradigm: the first normal form (1NF), the second normal form (2NF), the third normal form (3NF), BC normal form (BCNF), the fourth normal form (4NF), the fifth normal form (5NF) and the sixth Normal Form (6NF). The 1NF is the minimum paradigm for requireme

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Szczepaniak, Adrian, Agnieszka Bronisz, and Jakub Godlewski. "Abstract 5680: Circular MALAT1 - the new kid on the block in breast-to-brain metastatic cancer." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (2024): 5680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-5680.

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Abstract Introduction: Breast-to-brain metastatic (BTB met) cancer constitutes a great challenge for modern medicine and science. As the research on protein-coding genes brought only incremental progress in developing anticancer therapy, much attention is devoted to understanding the role of non-coding RNAs, including a relatively recently discovered group - of circular RNAs. This project aimed to determine the relationship between BTB met cancer cells and cells derived from a deadly brain tumor - glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs), considering the circular RNA signatures and selecting a reli

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Yang, Shaoyi, Jie Ji, Meng Wang, Jinfu Nie, and Shujie Wang. "Construction of Ovarian Cancer Prognostic Model Based on the Investigation of Ferroptosis-Related lncRNA." Biomolecules 13, no. 2 (2023): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13020306.

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(1) Background: Ovarian cancer (OV) has the high mortality rate among gynecological cancers worldwide. Inefficient early diagnosis and prognostic prediction of OV leads to poor survival in most patients. OV is associated with ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of cell death. Ferroptosis, believed to be regulated by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), may have potential applications in anti-cancer treatments. In this study, we aimed to identify ferroptosis-related lncRNA signatures and develop a novel model for predicting OV prognosis. (2) Methods: We downloaded data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (

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Haferlach, Torsten, Alexander Kohlmann, Guiseppe Basso, et al. "A Multi-Center and Multi-National Program To Assess the Clinical Accuracy of the Molecular Subclassification of Leukemia by Gene Expression Profiling." Blood 106, no. 11 (2005): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v106.11.757.757.

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Abstract Microarray analysis can identify differentially expressed genes associated with distinct clinical and therapeutically relevant classes of both pediatric and adult leukemias. Recently, the MILE (Microarray Innovations in Leukemia) research study program has been launched in 10 centers: 7 from the European Leukemia Network (ELN, WP13) and 3 from the US. In this study, which will include 4,000 patients, the clinical accuracy of gene expression profiles of 16 acute and chronic leukemia subclasses, MDS, and non-leukemia as control will be assessed as compared to current routine diagnostic

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Peretianu, Dan, Eugenia Petrova, Mara Carsote, and Florica Sandru. "Hashimoto thyroiditis amid COVID-19 pandemic: a clinical study." Romanian Journal of Military Medicine 125, no. 3 (2022): 515–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.55453/rjmm.2022.125.3.24.

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During COVID-19 era, a special attention was considered for autoimmune disorders (AD), including at thyroid, which are regarded at higher risk knowing that stress and infections might aggravate the pattern of anti-thyroid antibodies as well as thyroid dysfunction. In this study, we aim to analyse how COVID-19 infection influenced the evolution of HT parameters versus patients with HT who did not go through infection. Study design: an observational, bi-centric study in Romania during first 14 months of pandemic. By the end of April 2022, Romania registered 1,047,520 total cases of COVID-19 infe

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Palladini, Giovanni, Paolo Milani, Andrea Foli, and Giampaolo Merlini. "Free Light Chain Burden and Elevated Alkaline Phosphatase Identify Patients with Non-Cardiac AL Amyloidosis with Poor Outcome." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 3361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3361.3361.

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Abstract Background. The prognosis of patients with AL amyloidosis is mainly driven by the severity of heart involvement. Cardiac amyloidosis is being extensively studied, and accurate staging systems have been developed to identify patients with different degrees of heart dysfunction who are candidates for different treatment approaches. However, little is known on the outcome of patients without heart involvement who are generally considered low-risk. In the present study we evaluated factors affecting survival of patients with non-cardiac AL amyloidosis. Patients and Methods. The subjects (

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Agarwal, Swati, Faisal Alzahrani, and Asif Ahmed. "Hormone Replacement Therapy: Would it be Possible to Replicate a Functional Ovary?" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (2018): 3160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103160.

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Background: Throughout history, menopause has been regarded as a transition in a woman’s life. With the increase in life expectancy, women now spend more than a third of their lives in menopause. During these years, women may experience intolerable symptoms both physically and mentally, leading them to seek clinical advice. It is imperative for healthcare providers to improve the quality of life by reducing bothersome menopausal symptoms and preventing disorders such as osteoporosis and atherosclerosis. The current treatment in the form of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is sometimes inadequ

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Robine, Nicolas, Lara Winterkorn, Tim Chu, et al. "Abstract C102: Polyethnic-1000: Advancing cancer genomics by studying ethnically diverse, underserved patient populations in New York." Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 33, no. 9_Supplement (2024): C102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7755.disp24-c102.

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Abstract Prompted by the considerable biases toward European ancestry cases in large cancer genomics repositories, the New York Genome Center initiated an effort to diversify the public datasets that are forming the foundations of current cancer research, in order to optimize the unbiased applications of modern genomically-driven discoveries to a larger population. Our effort was focused on 8 cancer types (breast, prostate, bladder, lung, pancreatic, colon and endometrial cancer, as well as multiple myeloma) and generated Illumina tumor-normal whole-genome sequencing and tumor transcriptome se

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Shang, Xiujuan, Hongdong Wang, Jin Gu, et al. "Ferroptosis-related gene transferrin receptor protein 1 expression correlates with the prognosis and tumor immune microenvironment in cervical cancer." PeerJ 12 (August 6, 2024): e17842. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.17842.

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Background Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic iron-dependent form of cell death implicated in various cancer pathologies. However, its precise role in tumor growth and progression of cervical cancer (CC) remains unclear. Transferrin receptor protein 1 (TFRC), a key molecule associated with ferroptosis, has been identified as influencing a broad range of pathological processes in different cancers. However, the prognostic significance of TFRC in CC remains unclear. The present study utilized bioinformatics to explore the significance of the ferroptosis-related gene TFRC in the progression and progn

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Mjahad, Azeddine, Mohamed Saban, Hossein Azarmdel, and Alfredo Rosado-Muñoz. "Efficient Extraction of Deep Image Features Using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for Detecting Ventricular Fibrillation and Tachycardia." Journal of Imaging 9, no. 9 (2023): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging9090190.

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To safely select the proper therapy for ventricular fibrillation (VF), it is essential to distinguish it correctly from ventricular tachycardia (VT) and other rhythms. Provided that the required therapy is not the same, an erroneous detection might lead to serious injuries to the patient or even cause ventricular fibrillation (VF). The primary innovation of this study lies in employing a CNN to create new features. These features exhibit the capacity and precision to detect and classify cardiac arrhythmias, including VF and VT. The electrocardiographic (ECG) signals utilized for this assessmen

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Pisano, Massimo, Francesco Giordano, Giuseppe Sangiovanni, Nicoletta Capuano, Alfonso Acerra, and Francesco D’Ambrosio. "The Interaction between the Oral Microbiome and Systemic Diseases: A Narrative Review." Microbiology Research 14, no. 4 (2023): 1862–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14040127.

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Background: The human being is defined as a ‘superorganism’ since it is made up of its own cells and microorganisms that reside inside and outside the human body. Commensal microorganisms, which are even ten times more numerous than the cells present in the body, perform very important functions for the host, as they contribute to the health of the host, resist pathogens, maintain homeostasis, and modulate the immune system. In the mouth, there are different types of microorganisms, such as viruses, mycoplasmas, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa, often organized in communities. The aim of

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Карімсакова, К. А., А. А. Абдулдаєва, Г. Н. Досжанова, and С. А. Іскакова. "Assessment of the effect of nutritional support to the gut microbiome (Review)." Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal, no. 2 (April 28, 2025): 93–103. https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.2.25.08.

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It is estimated that the intestine of an adult human hosts 10–100 trillion microorganisms of between 500 and 1,000 different species, collectively referred to as the microbiome. However, the composition and dynamics of this «normal» microbiome remain incompletely defined. Each individual's microbial community exhibits a unique pattern at the species level. Objective of the study: To investigate the effects of probiotics and prebiotics to the composition of gut microbiota in healthy individuals based on current data. Methods: A review of literature sources devoted to this topic was carried out,

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Abiteboul, Serge, and Nicole Bidoit. "Non First Normal Form relations: An algebra allowing data restructuring." Journal of Computer and System Sciences 33, no. 3 (1986): 361–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0000(86)90058-9.

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Rahman, Nurhamidah, Dr. Soo, and Dr Idris A. Ahmed. "Current Review of the Use of Linezolid in the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Effectiveness and Management of Side Effects." International Journal of Biotechnology and Biomedicine 01, no. 01 (2024): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31674/ijbb.2024.v01i01.005.

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In recent years, multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) sufferers have increased by 10% from 186,883 sufferers in 2018 to 206,030 in 2019. MDR TB treatment poses its own challenges because it is a long-term treatment, there are interactions between TB treatment, toxicity problems and patient compliance. Linezolid has demonstrated high in vitro antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and has been used in several programs to treat complications of MDR-TB. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness and management of side effects from using the drug Linezolid

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Lozano-Romero, Allan, Horacio Astudillo-de la Vega, María Cruz del Rocío Terrones-Gurrola, et al. "HOX Transcript Antisense RNA HOTAIR Abrogates Vasculogenic Mimicry by Targeting the AngiomiR-204/FAK Axis in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells." Non-Coding RNA 6, no. 2 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ncrna6020019.

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HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) is an oncogenic long non-coding RNA frequently overexpressed in cancer. HOTAIR can enhance the malignant behavior of tumors by sponging microRNAs with tumor suppressor functions. Vasculogenic mimicry is a hypoxia-activated process in which tumor cells form three-dimensional (3D) channel-like networks, resembling endothelial blood vessels, to obtain nutrients. However, the role of HOTAIR in vasculogenic mimicry and the underlying mechanisms are unknown in human cancers. In the current study, we investigated the relevance of HOTAIR in hypoxia-induced vasculo

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Sharma, Krishan K., Juan Felipe Rico, Duane C. Hassane, Gabriela Chiosis, and Monica L. Guzman. "Dysregulated Expression of HSP70 Isoforms in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (AML)." Blood 118, no. 21 (2011): 1370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.1370.1370.

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Abstract Abstract 1370 Stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a major cytoprotective factor and a molecular chaperone that interacts with HSP90 to form a multi-chaperone complex. Cancer cells are highly dependent on this complex due to their increased demand for protein synthesis. HSP70 overexpression inhibits apoptosis and has been associated with drug resistance. However, the contribution to drug resistance in AML of specific HSP70 isoforms remains unknown. As there is growing interest in therapeutically targeting HSP70, we investigated the expression of 7 different HSP70 isoforms

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