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Dasanayake, Upulee. "NGOs and the globalization of universal human rights a "Do No Harm" approach to human rights advocacy /." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/3424.
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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2008.Vita: p. 113. Thesis director: Mark Goodale. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Conflict Analysis and Resolution. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Mar. 9, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-112). Also issued in print.
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Gilbert, Paul Carson. "NGOs and Human Rights Promotion: Socialisation, Framing, and the Case of West Papua." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1694.
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Recent developments in international relations have seen dramatic increases in the number and activities of human rights non-governmental organisations (NGOs). This has inspired research that seeks to explain processes of human rights socialisation, particularly in crisis zones. In this context, NGO advocacy is often welcomed as being inherently beneficial for adherence to human rights principles. Such a position, however, fails to account for the
critiques offered by theorists who suggest that the wielding of any power to affect change can have negative as well as positive outcomes, and the critiques of realist international relations theorists who assert the dangers of unqualified promotion of normative concerns in the face of power interests. In this context, this thesis offers a critical evaluation of the contributions of NGO advocacy in human rights socialisation.
Two models of human rights socialisation – the spiral and boomerang models – are utilised in
examining human rights advocacy in West Papua, a province of Indonesia. The West Papuan case study indicates that detrimental outcomes can result from the failure of human rights
advocates to account for political interests and state sovereignty in their strategies of human rights promotion. Human rights campaigns framed in terms of people’s rights to physical security and subsistence, instead of more political rights, such as the right to selfdetermination,
are likely to be more positive for human rights adherence. This points to the desirability of a hierarchy of rights principles in human rights advocacy and suggests, for the socialisation models used, a need for clearer distinctions between the human rights principles prescribed for advocacy.
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Baltodano, Egner Charlotte. "The process of transforming human rights practices in Latin America : NGOs and their quest to develop international human rights norms." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78200.
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International lawyers are increasingly interested in studying NGOs ("NGOs") and their influence on state behavior, but few have studied the impact that domestic NGOs can have on transforming and generating international norms. This paper explores the links between Latin American NGOs and their aim of changing international norms into more effective instruments against systematic violations of human rights by states. I will aim to articulate the stages of the processes that NGOs go through to change state behavior.I decided to write about NGOs and changes to human rights norms because I have dedicated most of my life to trying to eliminate human rights violations in Latin America. To the detractors that insist that such attempts are futile, I would respond that every effort one can contribute to the human rights movement is one step towards the goal of transforming beliefs and principles into real changes to state practices.
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Calnan, Scott Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "In the trenches: a comparative analysis of the nature and effectiveness of the mobilisation of law by domestic human rights NGOs in the United States, Britain and Germany." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23951.
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This thesis critically compares how domestic human rights NGOs (DNGOs) in the United States, Britain and Germany use (or mobilise) law to enforce human rights standards and proposes a method to measure their effectiveness in doing so. To do this it draws upon both case studies and literature from many disciplines. On the basis of the data and the literature it finds that, despite their great diversity, DNGOs in each jurisdiction show general similarities in their ???styles??? of operation and use of the law. It also finds that their effectiveness in enforcing human rights can be ascertained with reasonable accuracy and that a DNGO???s size and access to resources does not necessarily correlate with its effectiveness. The context in which the above questions were investigated was one in which there existed very little literature that examined the work of DNGOs (as opposed to international NGOs) as well as few theoretical approaches that would allow their activities to be critically examined and compared. It was also a context in which there was a great deal of discussion in the literature about the crucial importance of DNGOs in human rights enforcement and a growing suspicion that Globalisation might be making their role even more important than it was in the past. To address these issues the author used case studies to supply the necessary detail and a method using ???ideal types??? to assess the data. He also proposed a method to measure DNGO effectiveness so that the case studies could be more thoroughly compared and their true success in human rights enforcement revealed. Despite the incredible diversity among DNGOs the author was able to draw a few useful conclusions about how successful DNGOs operate. In response to these conclusions the author proposed that one possible route by which DNGOs could improve their effectiveness was to transplant their characteristics between jurisdictions. The author also found some evidence that Globalisation was having an effect on DNGOs and proposed some ways in which individual case studies could take advantage of this.
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Tesfagiorgis, Paulos. "Human rights, development and non-governmental organizations in the horn of Africa." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60640.
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"Human Rights, Development and Non-Governmental Organizations in the Horn of Africa" explores the relationship between human rights and development in the Horn of Africa, focusing on how an in-depth understanding of this relationship can form a new basis for the work of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in this devastated region. An implicit objective is to provide NGOs with the conceptual tools to make their development activities effective.The basic premise is that a flagrant abuse of basic human rights by governments in the Horn has lain at the root of much of its people's misery, and that existing international as well as regional human rights instruments provide adequate standards which--if effectively promoted and implemented with the help of NGOs--would secure human dignity.
Evidence in support of this basic line of reasoning, as well as an analysis of the new conception of development advanced by, and a detailed examination of how, NGOs have thus far related their development work to human rights, is presented.
The concluding chapter attempts to chart a future course in the Horn of Africa through envisioning the work of a new type of NGO, one which would link human rights with development, in theory and practice.
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Tang, Jie. "The actual and potential roles played by Chinese NGOs in human rights promotion and protection in China." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36901155.
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Tang, Jie, and 湯杰. "The actual and potential roles played by Chinese NGOs in human rights promotion and protection in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36901155.
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Utyasheva, Leah. "Non-judicial methods of human rights protection : the ombudsman and non-governmental organizations : the experience of the UK and Russia." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427461.
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Pejan, Ramin. "A reflection on international human rights non-governmental organizations' approach to promoting socio-economic rights : lessons from a South African experience." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82667.
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This thesis, by reviewing a human rights project implemented by the Association for Water and Rural Development (AWARD), a South African based non-governmental organization (NGO), seeks to address the ongoing discussion regarding the role of international human rights NGOs in promoting socio-economic rights, adding a local perspective to this debate. It argues that international human rights NGOs working on socio-economic rights issues need to evaluate their approaches to promoting socio-economic rights, including their methodologies and strategies, and to engage more substantively with local NGOs concentrating on these issues. Namely, this thesis reviews a recent article written by Kenneth Roth, the Executive Director of Human Rights Watch (HRW), expressing HRW's views on promoting socio-economic rights. In order to support its main arguments, this thesis, using AWARD's human rights project, introduces a clear conceptual framework for economic and social rights that focuses on the right to water, and considers various methodological approaches for promoting socio-economic rights.
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Wang, Yi Ying. "Human rights accountability of non-state actors and special concerns on women." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2590472.
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Markland, Alistair. "Knowledge and global advocacy : a sociological study of INGO practitioners and their epistemic limits." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/2bf2fc16-7349-49f2-ad80-962d2e74d826.
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This doctoral research project conducts a political sociology of knowledge of non-governmental actors engaged in advocating and reporting on issues relating to conflict and human rights. It engages the following research question: what are the limits of knowledge produced by non-governmental advocates? This question is applied to empirical case studies looking at, firstly, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and the International Crisis Group, and secondly, a network of global activists working on post-war Sri Lanka (2010-2014). Applying a Bourdieusian sociological framework, the thesis argues that professional advocates' epistemic practices are shaped by an array of socio-political dependencies. Contrasting with past applications of Bourdieu to International Relations, this thesis reveals contextually-specific dependencies through multiple levels and scales of analysis. At the organisational level, these dependencies manifest through advocacy NGOs' market-like relations with their targeted consumers, as well as their relations with rival knowledge producers. At the level of the human practitioner, it is shown how leading advocacy NGOs are reliant upon a relatively narrow labour market, consisting of practitioners who share a strong dispositional affinity with their consumers. Studying a smaller group of global advocates working on post-war Sri Lanka, the thesis also demonstrates how symbiotic relations between NGO practitioners and leading policy stakeholders had a structuring effect on advocates' network relations, as well as stimulating a deference to a dominant policy discourse of 'liberal peace'. Shifting the attention to advocates' extraction of knowledge from its proximal contexts, this thesis also examines the influence of advocates' localised dependencies. In the case of post-war Sri Lanka, it is shown how foreign advocates' knowledge is informed by a limited set of domestic actors, primarily encompassing the country's liberal elites. Overall, these dependencies are argued to place significant constraints on knowledge generated in advocacy contexts - limits that differ to other modes of knowledge production.
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De, Silva Nicole. "How international courts promote compliance : strategies beyond adjudication." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7e4291c4-7df5-4df3-ab30-5df2d90dd8f3.
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In recent decades, international courts have proliferated the international system - a trend often referred to as the "judicialization" of international law and politics. States create international courts to promote greater compliance with international law, and have increasingly embedded these actors within various international regimes. Scholars have primarily analyzed the consequences of the judicialization trend based on international judges' authority for interpreting and applying international law, adjudicating international disputes, and rendering binding rulings. However, international courts, especially when conceptualized as international organizations, also perform a variety of activities beyond adjudication. This study theorizes international courts' agency, in both its judicial and non-judicial dimensions, to explain how international courts aim to influence actors' behaviour and promote greater compliance within their international legal regimes. As a foundation, it conceptualizes the various approaches through which international courts can promote compliance with international law, showing how international courts can appeal to actors' logics of consequences and appropriateness, either through their own agency or through using intermediary actors. An original dataset on the prevalence of these approaches across all twenty-three permanent international courts reveals significant variation in whether and how international courts have expanded their approaches for promoting compliance. International courts' level of autonomy influences their capacity for entrepreneurship and developing their approaches. Furthermore, their levels of acceptance and accessibility affect their adoption of particular approaches. Drawing on archival and interview research, ten case studies of a range of global and regional international courts, operating in a variety of issue areas and contexts, elucidate international courts' variable expansion of approaches based on these core variables. The study shows that international courts are dynamic and strategic actors, which address challenges and exploit opportunities to increase their influence and promote compliance within their international regimes.
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Lemke, Thania Enriqueta Soto. "A Human Rights Watch: fomas de atuação das organizações não governamentais transnacionais." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. http://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/2665.
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Previous issue date: 2006-10-19The transnational nature of phenomena as human rights and the environment consolidated action spaces for civil society agents and, specifically, transnational non-governmental organizations which were organized to attend the demands from the state area and the international organizations; besides rising local problems to an international sphere. As to human rights, the defence of universal values has been constituted into a fertile arena for non-governmental organizations action. Protagonists of a constant monitoring movement and pression on governments and international organizations, aiming the respect for civil and political rights, these actors from the institutional field were raised to direct actions in the governability sphere worldwide, not only referring to human rights themselves , in a consultig way, but also their role as opinion makers. Taking into account the direct actions performed by the transnational non-governmental Human Rights Watch organization, this research intends to contribute towards the understanding of action strategies taken by transnational non-governmental organizations in the contemporary international relations
A natureza transnacional de fenômenos como os direitos humanos e o meio ambiente consolidou espaços de atuação de agentes da sociedade civil e, especificamente, de organizações não-governamentais transnacionais que se organizaram para atender demandas vindas da esfera estatal e dos organismos internacionais e elevando problemáticas locais à esfera internacional. No campo específico dos direitos humanos, a defesa de valores universais se constituiu numa arena fértil para a atuação das ONGs transnacionais. Protagonistas de uma ação constante de monitoramento e pressão aos governos e organizações internacionais para o respeito dos direitos civis e políticos, alçaram estes atores da esfera institucional a atuação na esfera da governabilidade mundial; no que se refere aos direitos humanos, em caráter consultivo além da atuação como formadores de opinião. A partir do estudo dos instrumentos de atuação da organização não- governamental transnacional Human Rights Watch, esta pesquisa pretende contribuir no entendimento das estratégias de atuação das ONGs transnacionais nas relações internacionais contemporâneas
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VerHage, Alicia. "Transnational civil society's ability to successfully influence state actors on human rights issues through international non-governmental organizations (INGOs) : a case study of the coalition to stop the use of child soldiers." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1682/.
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Berg, Esther van den. "The influence of domestic NGOs on Dutch human rights policy : case studies on South Africa, Namibia, Indonesia, and East Timor /." Antwerpen ; Oxford : Intersentia, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009581548&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Arney, Lance A. "Political Pedagogy and Art Education With Youth in a Street Situation in Salvador, Brazil: An Ethnographic Evaluation of the Street Education Program of Projeto Axé." Scholar Commons, 2007. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/608.
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Projeto Axé is a non-governmental organization that carries out political-pedagogical work and art education for children and adolescents living in a street situation in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. I conducted an exploratory ethnographic study with Projeto Axé's Street Education program in order to observe its day-to-day activities and to conduct a utilization-focused program evaluation (Patton 1997) of its pedagogical praxis. This thesis will describe how ethnographic fieldwork methods are interwoven with the political-pedagogical approaches of Projeto Axé's Street Education program and explain how street educators attempt to construct citizenship with participants in the Street Education program. Findings are based on an analysis of data collected during three months of fieldwork, during which I observed the day-to-day activities of the Street Education program and formally interviewed seven street educators.
Projeto Axé's street educators employ ethnographic fieldwork methods in order to more holistically understand the everyday lives of street youth, as well as the dynamics of "street culture" that emerge in the particular urban spaces frequented by street youth. The result is an anthropological understanding that serves as the foundation for street education activities, through which street youth are provoked to think critically about their everyday reality in order to transform it (Freire 1970). The construction of citizenship through Street Education is based on the "pedagogy of desire" (Carvalho 2000), a psychological-sociocultural theory of learning developed by the organization specifically for working with youth living in a street situation. Street education and the construction of citizenship begin and happen with the desire of street youth. The content of street education is not fixed or predetermined, but emerges out of a particular street youth's desires, needs, and dialogues with street educators.
I conclude that, combined with Freireian-inspired political pedagogy and the pedagogy of desire, the use of ethnographic fieldwork methods by street educators is crucial for Projeto Axé's attempts at realizing radical transformations in the lives of street youth. Furthermore, Projeto Axé's anthropological approaches to the social and political inclusion of street youth increase the adaptability of its street pedagogy to the local socio-cultural realities emergent in other urban spaces.
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Yasar, Sara. "Den turkiska vitheten : En postkolonial analys av interna icke-statliga organisationers arbete med minoritetsfrågor i Turkiet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-421109.
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This essay investigates the role of non-governmental organizations in Turkey that work with minority rights. The purpose of this study is to get a better understanding on how domestic NGOs understand and prioritize human rights and how different social structures are restricting NGOs from engaging in human rights of the Kurdish minority. To answer this question this study utilizes a qualitative content analyses of the published research on human rights and NGOs. The analysis has been conducted from a postcolonial perspective. The finding has shown that even if Turkish human right defenders are restricted on how they can work with human rights violations in the society there still is an engagement in trying to work with these social problems. This essay concludes that Kurds have been restricted from working with human rights by means of the Turkish anti-terror law, which may have negatively affected the visibility of Kurdish activist, but not stopped them from engaging in social issues. However, there is still a need for development in the Turkish NGO regime, but the westerniza- tion project may not be the answer for Turkish human right development. This essay argues that the human rights education projects in Turkey should be conducted by domestic NGOs own understanding of human rights and only then there will be potential for real human rights development.
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Koch, Camila de Oliveira. "Critérios de judicialização de casos pela comissão interamericana de direitos humanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-29082016-094021/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar quais os critérios utilizados pela Comissão Interamericana de Direitos Humanos para judicializar demandas perante a Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, tendo em vista ser o órgão legitimado para apresentar casos individuais ao tribunal. A Comissão desempenha um papel de filtro negativo de casos, tanto na análise de admissibilidade de petições iniciais, quanto no envio de casos à Corte IDH. Contudo, apesar dos requisitos previstos na Convenção Americana de Direitos Humanos, nem todos os casos que preenchem esses critérios são judicializados, conferindo ao órgão uma atuação opaca. Em razão disso, o presente trabalho busca verificar quais outros fatores determinantes poderiam ensejar as decisões da Comissão. Casos com determinadas características, sejam elas referentes ao perfil das vítimas, ao tipo de violação ou ao potencial impacto no país ou na região, possuem maiores chances de serem admitidos para análise e, potencialmente, enviados à Corte IDH. Nesse cenário, o este trabalho objetiva também analisar a atuação das ONGs de direitos humanos no papel de representantes das vítimas no Sistema Interamericano, tendo em vista que também utilizam critérios para selecionar quais casos terão seu apoio e defesa. As ONGs, atuando por meio de litígio estratégico, possuem um papel protagonista no Sistema Interamericano. A pergunta que a presente pesquisa visa responder é: a quem serve, afinal, o Sistema Interamericano de Direitos Humanos?The main objective of this work is to analyze the criteria used by the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights to submit cases before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, having in mind that the first body is the only legitimate to present individual cases to the court. The IACHR functions as a negative filter of cases, both admitting petitions to processing and deciding which cases will be sent to the IACourtHR. However, despite the requirements set by the American Convention on Human Rights, not all cases that fulfill these criteria are judicialized, providing the body a blurred and not transparent performance. Because of that, the present work seeks to verify what other determining factors could influence IACHR decisions. Cases with determined characteristics, be they regarding the profile of the victims, the type of violation or the potential impact they could cause in the country or in the region, have more chances in being admitted to processing and, later, sent to the IACourtHR. In this scenario, this work also aims to verify the performance of human rights NGOs playing the role of representatives of the victims in the Inter-American Human Rights System, taking into account that they also use specific requirements to select which cases will have their support and defense. NGOs, acting through strategic litigation, have a leading role in the Inter-American system. The main question this work intents to answer is: to whom, after all, serves the Inter-American Human Rights System?
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Smith, Julia Heather. "Transformation From Below?: The Role of Civil Society Organizations in the Global Governance of the Response to HIV/AIDS." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7512.
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This thesis contributes to debates on the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) in global governance by asking if their participation in the global response to HIV/AIDS has been transformative – with transformation conceptualized as change towards a more equitable order. Adopting a critical International Relations approach, and applying qualitative methods, it analyzes how CSOs used the initial failure of biomedical responses to the epidemic to advance a human rights frame, which justified their participation in global governance. This frame complemented conceptions of AIDS exceptionalism, and has recently shifted in response to an increased focus on key populations. CSOs continue to advance the rights frame in global institutions – the focus here being on how they have done so within UNAIDS and the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Malaria and Tuberculosis. However, rigid bureaucracies and dominant power relationships limit CSOs’ ability to transform these institutions to be more responsive to and representative of those affected by the epidemic. CSOs have further struggled to influence the largest global donors of the HIV/AIDS response – the Global Fund and PEPFAR – to direct greater resources to rights-based initiatives, despite CSO participation in resource mobilization. Though CSO participation has been restricted by donor state power, bureaucratic structures, and changes in the political economy of global health, CSOs have continued to promote potentially transformative alternatives, and so have continued to represent the interests of those most affected by the epidemic. This allows potential for further transformative alternatives.
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Silva, Carlos Roberto de Castro e. "A politização da dor e da indignação de pessoas que vivem ou convivem com o HIV/Aids: a participação política em uma ONG como forma de fortalecimento psicossocial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-23062005-103844/.
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Este estudo investigou o processo de politização da dor e da indignação de agentes comunitários que convivem com o HIV/aids. O pressuposto principal é que a condição de soropositividade suscita situações de discriminação e estigmatização, geradores de sofrimento expresso por intensa angústia, sentimentos de vergonha, humilhação e culpa, provocando o isolamento social desta pessoa. A questão norteadora deste trabalho é a verificação de como a participação em uma ONG, onde bons encontros são estimulados, podem ajudar pessoas afetadas pela epidemia da aids a extrapolar esta vivência individualista e estigmatizadora com o HIV/aids para o âmbito da vivência solidária/coletiva, contribuindo para o fortalecimento dos agentes comunitários, não apenas como portadores de direitos, mas como sujeitos de direitos. Foram analisados documentos históricos, entrevistas em profundidade e questionários respondidos por agentes comunitários da ONG-Br situada na grande São Paulo. Os resultados indicaram que a participação em uma ONG contribui para o enfretamento da discriminação e estigmatização das pessoas que convivem com o HIV/aids, com base em um processo de politização concretizado por modos de participação diferentes. Estes modos estão associados com a capacidade de elaboração de questões pessoais/afetivas desencadeadas pela vivência de discriminação e estigmatização ligados ao HIV/aids. Isto sugere a valorização de práticas que fortaleçam a construção de sujeitos portadores de direitos iniciada com a recepção destes agentes na ONG, por exemplo, por meio de projetos de resgate da auto-estima. Compreender e acolher modos de participação diferentes significa valorizar o olhar, valendo-se de um campo psicossocial por excelência, ou seja, captar um processo de mudanças subjetivas e psicológicas em interação necessária com o contexto sócio-histórico e cultural, que leve à emancipação psicossocial, ao mesmo tempo fortalecendo estes sujeitos de direitos e da cidadania plena.This study has investigated the process of politicization of the pain and the indignation of community agents who live with HIV/aids. The main assumption was that the condition of being HIV positive would rise situations of discrimination and stigmatization that generate suffering expressed by deep anguish, feelings of shame, humiliation, and blame, leading to the social isolation of the individual. The guiding question of this work was how the participation in a Non-governmental Organization (NGO) can help people affected by Aids turn this individualist/stigmatizing experience with HIV into a solidary/collective life experience. These NGOs are able to provide good meetings that could contribute to the strengthening of the community agents, not only as a bearer of rights but also as an individual of rights. Historical documents and interviews have been analyzed in depth as well as questionnaires have been answered by community agents of ONGBr, located in the greater São Paulo area. The results of this study show that the participation of a person who is HIV positive in an NGO contributes to make him/her stronger when facing discrimination and stigmatization. This is possible by a process of politicization made real by different ways of participation. These ways are associated to the capacity of personal/affective questioning triggered by the experiences of discrimination and stigmatization related to Aids/HIV. The study suggests the valorization of practices that build individuals who are bearer of rights. These practices can start right at the reception of this agent by the NGO through projects designated to bring up his/her self-esteem. Understanding and to welcoming different ways of participation mean to value a look from a psycho-social scope, that is, to notice a process of subjective and psychological changes in an inevitable interaction with the social-historical and cultural context, that leads to psycho-social emancipation. This emancipation should run in parallel with the strengthening of these individuals and their full citizenship.
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Lukeš, Jakub. "Vliv Global Witness na utváření legislativy konfliktních minerálů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261764.
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The thesis concers the issue of conflict minerals in the Democratic republic of Congo. The situation in the country has been monitored by the NGO Global Witness for decades. Human rights violation, illicit trade followed by exporting of minerals out of the country, have been supervised by militaristic rebel groups. As a result these groups have been indirectly founded by international corporations.The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the performance of Global Witness at the agenda setting of conflict minerals, including a critical assessment of legislative measures.
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Macêdo, Martina Bolz de Jesus. "Der Stand der Demokratisierung und der Herausbildung einer Zivilgesellschaft in Ägypten am Beispiel des Diskurses über die autochthone christliche Minderheit der Kopten." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16017.
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Die Meinungen über die Chancen einer Demokratisierung im Nahen und Mittleren Osten sind geteilt. Diese Arbeit versucht für Ägypten eine Einschätzung zu geben. Als bevölkerungsreichstes und eines der politisch bedeutsamsten Länder der Region könnte es eine Vorbildfunktion einnehmen. Die Dissertation untersucht an einem Fallbeispiel, den Ausschreitungen zwischen Muslimen und Christen in einem oberägyptischen Dorf 1999/ 2000, in welcher Form und in welchem Ausmaß sich staatliche Akteure, religiöse Institutionen und die Bürger zum heiklen Thema der Gefährdung der Rechte von Minderheiten im öffentlichen Diskurs zu Wort melden und dabei das Kriterium des Pluralismus, im Sinne von Toleranz und Ablehnung von Gewalt, erfüllen. Pessimistische Stimmen versagen dem Nahen und Mittleren Osten insbesondere wegen der dort vorherrschenden Religion eine Reformierbarkeit der politischen Kultur und stigmatisieren den Islam als Demokratisierungshindernis. Diese Arbeit beobachtet jedoch, dass es empirisch bereits einige Merkmale gibt, die auf eine Zunahme von Pluralismus in der ägyptischen Gesellschaft hindeuten. Sie zeigt die Anzeichen für die Herausbildung einer freien Öffentlichkeit und einer Zivilgesellschaft auf, die langfristig auf die Konsolidierung von Demokratie und nicht auf deren Zerstörung hinarbeitet. Gleichzeitig ist diese Arbeit eine Art in Szene gesetztes, lebendiges „Who is who?“ der gegenwärtigen Minderheiten- und Menschenrechtsbewegung in Ägypten. 1The current status of democratization and civil society development in Egypt through the example of the discourse on the indigenous Christian minority of the Copts. Opinions regarding the chances of democratization in the Middle East are divided. The thesis attempts to give an evaluation in the case of Egypt. As the most populous and one of the politically most influencing countries of that region Egypt could take the function of a role model. The dissertation investigates, on the basis of a case study – the clashes between Muslims and Christians in an Upper Egyptian village in 1999/ 2000 - in what form and to what extent state actors, religious institutions and citizens take a stand in public discourse on the sensitive issue of endangering the rights of minorities and thereby meet the criteria of pluralism in the sense of tolerance and rejection of violence. Pessimistic voices deny the Middle East a reformability of its political culture particularly with regard to the predominating religion there and stigmatize Islam as an obstacle to democratization. This study however, shows empirically that there are already some indications that point towards an increase of pluralism in Egyptian society and towards the development of a free public sphere and a civil society that in the long term can lead to the consolidation of democracy and not to its destruction. At the same time this study is a kind of status report and “Who’s who?” of the current minority – and human rights movement in Egypt.
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Daly, Marwa El. "Challenges and potentials of channeling local philanthropy towards development and aocial justice and the role of waqf (Islamic and Arab-civic endowments) in building community foundations." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16511.
Full textAbstract:
Diese Arbeit bietet eine solide theoretische Grundlage zu Philanthropie und religiös motivierten Spendenaktivitäten und deren Einfluss auf Wohltätigkeitstrends, Entwicklungszusammenarbeit und einer auf dem Gedanken der sozialen Gerechtigkeit beruhenden Philanthropie. Untersucht werden dafür die Strukturen religiös motivierte Spenden, für die in der islamischen Tradition die Begriffe „zakat“, „Waqf“ oder im Plural auch „awqaf-“ oder „Sadaqa“ verwendet werden, der christliche Begriff dafür lautet „tithes“ oder „ushour“. Aufbauend auf diesem theoretischen Rahmenwerk analysiert die qualitative und quantitative Feldstudie auf nationaler Ebene, wie die ägyptische Öffentlichkeit Philanthropie, soziale Gerechtigkeit, Menschenrechte, Spenden, Freiwilligenarbeit und andere Konzepte des zivilgesellschaftlichen Engagements wahrnimmt. Um eine umfassende und repräsentative Datengrundlage zu erhalten, wurden 2000 Haushalte, 200 zivilgesellschaftliche Organisationen erfasst, sowie Spender, Empfänger, religiöse Wohltäter und andere Akteure interviewt. Die so gewonnen Erkenntnisse lassen aussagekräftige Aufschlüsse über philanthropische Trends zu. Erstmals wird so auch eine finanzielle Einschätzung und Bewertung der Aktivitäten im lokalen Wohltätigkeitsbereich möglich, die sich auf mehr als eine Billion US-Dollar beziffern lassen. Die Erhebung weist nach, dass gemessen an den Pro-Kopf-Aufwendungen die privaten Spendenaktivitäten weitaus wichtiger sind als auswärtige wirtschaftliche Hilfe für Ägypten. Das wiederum lässt Rückschlüsse zu, welche Bedeutung lokale Wohltätigkeit erlangen kann, wenn sie richtig gesteuert wird und nicht wie bislang oft im Teufelskreis von ad-hoc-Spenden oder Hilfen von Privatperson an Privatperson gefangen ist. Die Studie stellt außerdem eine Verbindung her zwischen lokalen Wohltätigkeits-Mechanismen, die meist auf religiösen und kulturellen Werten beruhen, und modernen Strukturen, wie etwa Gemeinde-Stiftungen oder Gemeinde-„waqf“, innerhalb derer die Spenden eine nachhaltige Veränderung bewirken können. Daher bietet diese Arbeit also eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Grundlage, die nicht nur ein besseres Verständnis, sondern auch den nachhaltiger Aus- und Aufbau lokaler Wohltätigkeitsstrukturen in Ägypten ermöglicht. Zentral ist dabei vor allem die Rolle lokaler, individueller Spenden, die beispielsweise für Stiftungen auf der Gemeindeebene eingesetzt, wesentlich zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung beitragen könnten – und das nicht nur in Ägypten, sondern in der gesamten arabischen Region. Als konkretes Ergebnis dieser Arbeit, wurde ein innovatives Modell entwickelt, dass neben den wissenschaftlichen Daten das Konzept der „waqf“ berücksichtigt. Der Wissenschaftlerin und einem engagierten Vorstand ist es auf dieser Grundlage gelungen, die Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) zu gründen, die nicht nur ein Modell für eine Bürgerstiftung ist, sondern auch das tradierte Konzept der „waqf“ als praktikable und verbürgte Wohlstätigkeitsstruktur sinnvoll weiterentwickelt.This work provides a solid theoretical base on philanthropy, religious giving (Islamic zakat, ‘ushour, Waqf -plural: awqaf-, Sadaqa and Christian tithes or ‘ushour), and their implications on giving trends, development work, social justice philanthropy. The field study (quantitative and qualitative) that supports the theoretical framework reflects at a national level the Egyptian public’s perceptions on philanthropy, social justice, human rights, giving and volunteering and other concepts that determine the peoples’ civic engagement. The statistics cover 2000 households, 200 Civil Society Organizations distributed all over Egypt and interviews donors, recipients, religious people and other stakeholders. The numbers reflect philanthropic trends and for the first time provide a monetary estimate of local philanthropy of over USD 1 Billion annually. The survey proves that the per capita share of philanthropy outweighs the per capita share of foreign economic assistance to Egypt, which implies the significance of local giving if properly channeled, and not as it is actually consumed in the vicious circle of ad-hoc, person to person charity. In addition, the study relates local giving mechanisms derived from religion and culture to modern actual structures, like community foundations or community waqf that could bring about sustainable change in the communities. In sum, the work provides a comprehensive scientific base to help understand- and build on local philanthropy in Egypt. It explores the role that local individual giving could play in achieving sustainable development and building a new wave of community foundations not only in Egypt but in the Arab region at large. As a tangible result of this thesis, an innovative model that revives the concept of waqf and builds on the study’s results was created by the researcher and a dedicated board of trustees who succeeded in establishing Waqfeyat al Maadi Community Foundation (WMCF) that not only introduces the community foundation model to Egypt, but revives and modernizes the waqf as a practical authentic philanthropic structure.
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Katherion and 廖千謙. "international political advocacy networks- take the human rights non-governmental organizations as an example." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85103137603847294356.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東海大學
政治學系
95
Receives global vicissitude the impact, the country no longer is only in the international political only behavior body.The massive non- national behavior body joins the international affairs in the scope, enable the global government the concept to obtain the seed, day by day also arouses international society's interest. These join international political the non- national behavior body by way of the news transmission and the transnational relation, forms the so-called transnational advocacy networks, has the trifle influence to the country.However, under such international circumstance, actually the non- national behavior body in on international displays what to affect? The influence degree also has broadly? Therefore, this research attempts the international advocacy networks which composes from the non-governmental organizations to operate understood actually in international political the non- official organization does pour into what kind of strength for the international affairs. The research only concentrates the focal point in the human rights non-governmental organizations , and to this discusses the non-governmental organizations the function which occurs in the international political operation.
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Busia, Nana K. A. "The state, non-state actors and violation of economic, social and cultural rights : making the case for paradigm shift in human rights advocacy and protection in Africa." Diss., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/3602.
Full textAbstract:
For many sets of reasons, including the unequal power relationship between them and most underdeveloped states, and probably more in Africa than anywhere else in the world, non-state actors (NSAs) like states are involved in the violation of human rights. With the phenomenon of globalization, their role has become even more pronounced with some of the traditional functions of the state being performed by them, with implications for human rights, especially socioeconomic rights. Unfortunately, state-centred traditional international law has proved to be ill-equipped to hold NSAs directly accountable and liable for their violations of human rights. NSAs are only expected to adhere to non-binding voluntary standards, such as codes of conduct. Yet, if properly interpreted and enforced, the African Charter for Human and People’s Rights (ACHPR) can be relied upon to hold them accountable.
Against this backdrop, the study interrogates the existing universal and regional human rights laws and systems with the view to identifying any rules, principles, case law or literature that can help hold NSAs directly accountable for human rights violations. For better advocacy and protection of human rights on the African continent, it makes a case for a paradigm shift away from a state centred to a holistic approach that would include NSAs and ensure that they are also bound to protect human rights and become accountable for their violations.Private Law
LL.M.
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Santos, Catarina Marques dos. "Como é que as organizações não-governamentais criam valor através da sua comunicação? : o caso da Save the Children International." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/16919.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho de investigação tem como objetivo entender o contexto onde as organizações não-governamentais (ong) atuam, com especial incidência na forma como estas desenvolvem e aplicam as suas estratégias de comunicação de forma a alcançarem os seus objetivos e criarem e entregarem o valor esperado aos seus diferentes públicos. Neste sentido, a investigação pretende analisar o caso em particular da Save the Children Internacional e em que medida é que esta ong consegue implementar as suas estratégias de comunicação eficazmente, tendo em conta as necessidades dos seus públicos-alvo e a sua envolvente.
Ao longo da investigação, conclui-se que existem bastantes diferenças entre as estratégias de comunicação das ong e de outro tipo de organizações. O contexto onde atuam é mais complexo e, por isso, existe uma maior dificuldade em alcançarem os objetivos estabelecidos. Contudo, estas organizações dispõem de uma maior recetividade do público, liderando, na grande maioria dos casos, as mudanças de opinião e estando na origem de importantes mudanças socioculturais.
Os resultados permitiram que se concluísse que, embora as organizações como a Save the Children afetem cada vez mais esforços ao desenvolvimento das suas comunicações, o seu sector ainda denota uma enorme fragilidade em termos de investimento de esforços no sentido de melhorar a eficácia da sua comunicação.The following research report aims to analyse the context within which Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) operate, and in particular how they develop and apply their communication strategies to achieve their objectives and to create value to their different audiences. In this context, this research aims to study the specific case of Save the Children International, analyzing if this NGO can implement an effective communication strategy, bearing in mind the requirements of its market and the environmental factors. The research showed that there are many differences between the communication strategies of non-governmental organisations and other types of organisations, due to the specific aims and modes of operation of NGOs. Their operating environment is more complex and thus it is more difficult for NGOs to achieve their strategic objectives. Nevertheless, these organisations have a higher degree of acceptance by the public, and very often they lead changes in opinion and act as catalysts for socio-cultural change. The results allowed us to conclude that, despite the fact that organisations such as Save the Children allect an increasing effort to the development of their communications, this sector still denotes an enormous fragility in terms of the implementation of resources in its communication strategies.
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Choekyi, Tsering, and 楚思玲. "International Non-Governmental Organizations and Human Rights Protection in Tibet." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57804906242634871657.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立政治大學
外交研究所
96
This research project focuses on the Human Rights situation in Tibet under the occupation of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) since the 1950s right up to the present times when popular protests against China in Tibetan areas since March 10 this year has put the issue Tibet right back on the international arena. China’s policy stand on human rights and how it refutes accusations by International NGOs of human rights violations in China and Tibet are examined through case studies of the works and reports of Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and the current international attention on human rights in the run up to the Olympic Games in Beijing in August, 2008. Contrasting definition of ‘Human Rights’ between China and the west is also examined to suggest that arguments about cultural distinctiveness are no excuse for the denial of the rights enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Case studies of lack of religious freedom and the general discrimination suffered by Tibetans in political, economic and educational spheres suggest why the recent popular Tibetan uprisings have erupted. An examination of the influence of International NGOs on the human rights policies of western governments like the US, France, UK, Germany as well as the EU that constitute China’s largest trading partners, show considerable influence and impact through their reports and monitoring of violations of human rights by China.
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Cross, Stephanie. "To provide food for the hungry, or respect their cultural traditions, that is the question, Understanding the moral implications faced by NGOs in their work." 2016. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/philosophy_hontheses/15.
Full textAbstract:
The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights establishes both the right to subsistence and the right to culture as rights that all humans should have. In practice, however, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) run into many moral implications when providing aid to the hungry, one of them being conflicts with local customs. In this essay, I will discuss a theoretical account of actions for providing some insight into the moral implications faced by NGOs in their work. First I discuss both one’s right to subsistence and one’s right to culture, and finally establish whether it’s possible to have one of these rights take precedence of the other.
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Nassali, Ann Marie. "Non-governmental organizations, governance and human rights in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and South Africa : conceptual and strategic questions." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25530.
Full textAbstract:
Although human rights NGOs (HURINGOs) have contributed to the institutionalisation of a human rights culture, the human rights discourse mainly focuses externally on the obligations of states and, more recently, of business. Little attention is paid to how HURINGOs manage their power and privileges within their internal governance, despite NGOs' growing influence, resources, scope and diversity. This thesis offers a theoretical interpretation of the experiences, challenges, dilemmas and lessons learnt by HURINGOs in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda and South Africa to contribute to the evolving discourse of human rights theory and practice. It adopts a multi-disciplinary approach that articulates the human rights obligations of HURINGOs and their implications for governance, arguing that the improved governance of NGOs is critical to the strengthening of the human rights movement. While upholding the dominant legal liberalism school which underlines that the state is the main human rights duty bearer and legal systems are critical to the enforcement of rights, it utilises the sociology of law discourse that conceptualises human rights as a normative principle to contain abuse of power. Drawing from the rights-based approach which is aimed at holding all actors accountable for the human rights implications of their actions, it evaluates how HURINGOs have applied the human rights principles and standards of: (i) express linkage to and mainstreaming of rights; (ii) accountability and transparency; (iii) participation and inclusion; and (iv) non¬discrimination, equity and empowerment in their governance and operations, as they demand of others. It is the mam contention of this study that HURINGOs have the obligation to empower themselves internally before they can champion the empowerment of others. This entails being knowledgeable in the area of work; forging linkages with broader civil society and academia, building on the positive cultural values that resonate with human rights to stimulate mass support and balancing the different accountabilities to the law, boards, membership, self-regulatory mechanisms, public and donors. Further HURINGO have the obligation to safeguard the autonomy of their mission; have transparent and participatory processes to enhance collective strength, legitimacy and ownership of consensus decisions; as well as promote and demand equal and equitable relationships based on mutual respect, shared responsibility and achievements while simultaneously enabling the weaker party to act on their own. Although a higher responsibility is placed on HURINGOs to respect human rights values, all NGOs irrespective of how they define themselves have to mainstream human rights in their work. This is because all NGOs exist in the public trust and work to promote human dignity and societal wellbeing. They must lead by example. Applying the human rights principles to NGOs enhances their moral legitimacy to measure up to the challenges of being a watchdog of the governance process and custodians of the better promotion and protection of human rights. Significantly, it advances the credibility of human rights to offer protection from any abuse of power.Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Centre for Human Rights
unrestricted
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WEN, CHANG HSIAO, and 張曉文. "The Role of Non-Governmental Organizations in the Global Governance: A Human Rights and Humanitarian Assistance Approach." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/56221432960510570495.
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Střižíková, Lenka. "Veřejný ochránce práv ve vztahu k lidskoprávním organizacím." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-340215.
Full textAbstract:
Diploma thesis is concerning about cooperation between human rights, non-profit, non- governmental organizations and the Ombudsman. Area of service and competence of the Ombudsman in recent years has significantly widened, which could be interesting and useful for the civil sector, and that it is primarily for the mentioned non-governmental organizations. The aim is to determine whether there is between these actors cooperation or not, optionally in which areas. Thesis is based on the theory of division of power, and assumes that the actors will be willingness to cooperate. Whether this actually works, was investigated by means of mixed research, starting from the survey between human rights organizations, and consequently more views on cooperation were gathered from interviews. The outcome of this thesis is to find in what specific areas cooperation proceeds, why cooperation does not appear and where they could find points of contact of cooperation.
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Vahard, Patrice Ernest. "The role of Ivorian human rights non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the pursuit of the right to development in Côte D'Ivoire." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/14135.
Full textAbstract:
This work is built on three pillars and seeks to contribute to the understanding
of the right to development (RtD) especially from the perspective of human rights
non-governmental organisations. First, the right to development, arguably one of the
most recent and controversial rights in the architecture of international human rights,
shapes the development paradigm in a manner that integrates civil, cultural,
economic, social, political and environmental rights of both individuals and groups
without distinction. Secondly, in general, social movements – including nongovernmental
organisations (NGOs) – play a crucial role as agents for change in any
democratic society. Africa, and within it Côte d’Ivoire, is no exception. Thirdly Côte d’Ivoire, an African country once heralded as a success story has been confronted
with an internal conflict with impacts which continue to be felt in the form of
increased poverty and insecurity. The country strives to resume peace, development
and stability but does not appear to have reached the end of the tunnel. The issues
confronting this country are similar to those identified by Former South African
President, Thabo Mbeki, and others to justify the promotion of the African
Renaissance as the vision to pursue. From the perspective of human rights law,
these issues are largely covered by the RtD. Therefore, can NGOs in Côte d’Ivoire
contribute meaningfully to addressing the challenges facing the country through the
pursuit of the RtD? This is the question at the heart of the present work.
This thesis establishes two main conclusions. First, in the current context of the
Côte d’Ivoire, a shift in focus towards the RtD will enable NGOs be part of the
solution to the multifaceted problems Côte d’Ivoire is seeking to overcome.
Secondly, no NGO currently has the requisite experience in working on the RtD in
Côte d’Ivoire. However, the structural reasons for this vacuum relate in the main to
knowledge and capacity. These can be addressed and recommendations are
formulated to this end.Public, Constitutional, & International
LL.D.
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Newdick, Vivian Ann. ""To know how to speak" : technologies of indigenous women's activism against sexual violence in Chiapas, Mexico." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2012-08-6306.
Full textAbstract:
Between 1994 and 2012, the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN) established a contested zone of exception to neoliberal governance in southern Mexico and women's-rights-as-human-rights universalism reshaped international development and activist discourse. Within this context, Ana, Beatriz, and Celia González Pérez pressed claims against a group of Mexican Federal Army soldiers for rape at a military checkpoint in 1994. A rare instance of first-person denunciation of rape warfare, the Tseltal-Maya sisters' own powerful representation of the physical and procedural violations committed against them forms the starting point of this analysis, which proceeds from there, chapter by chapter, through communal, national, and international representations. Centering the women's speech, then moving to what are conventionally understood as broader fields of discourse produces new ways of understanding violence in relation to nation, culture, and gendered sociality. Though in 2001 the human rights commission of the Organization of American States upheld the women's claims, as of this writing (2012) the Mexican state has neither awarded reparations nor prosecuted the accused. I argue here that the women's unmet demands for collective and individual justice produce a novel language of protest which I call denuncia (denouncement) rather than testimony. Denuncia, I argue, puts the physical and the social body at the center of claims against sexual violation; enacts coraje (courage, rage) rather than petitions for recognition of truth; exposes the nationalist ideology of racial mixing that informs the production of testimony in Mexico, and establishes new audiences for its own reception despite the regimes of everyday violence it foregrounds. Formulated amid military occupation, denuncia exposes the gendered intimacy--control of the food supply, inhabitation of public-private architectural spaces, colonization of local enmities--that gave rise to military rape, which I call here "domestic violence." Denuncia emerges to refute the neoliberal discourse that links indigenous culture, gender, and violence just when the material basis of indigenous livelihood is under siege. This dissertation's method would not have been possible without almost twenty years' engagement with Tseltal and Tojolabal-Maya men and women who have formed part of the Zapatista movement. This long-range perspective has engendered a form of feminist scholarly accountability that cultivates listening to ground critique on the terrain of self-determination.text
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Sewell, Kirsty. "The role of non-governmental organizations in the articulation and enhancement of participatory rights in environmental decision-making as evidenced in the process leading up to and after MiningWatch Canada v. Canada (Fisheries and Oceans), 2010 SCC 2." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/6071.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis used case study research methods to examine the role played by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and the methods they use to increase public participation in environmental matters. It does this by investigating the process leading up to and following a Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) decision, that of MiningWatch Canada v. Canada (Fisheries and Oceans) (2010 SCC 2). Specifically, the strategies and methods used by NGOs in this study and their impact on public participation during and in the aftermath of the decision are examined. The primary research question is: what is the impact of NGOs on participatory politics as seen in the SCC decision, MiningWatch Canada v. Canada? Other research questions examined are: what role have NGOs had in increasing participation in environmental decision-making, and: how do NGOs increase public participation in environmental decision-making?
Three main groups of strategies are used by the NGOs: “Legal”, “Challenge or Inform Government”, and “Creating an Emotional Response in an Audience.” Strategies common to all NGOs in this study were: “Increase Knowledge” by “Networking,” “Working with Communities at a Grass Roots Level” and “Publications and Reports”. The argument this thesis presents is that democracy is a dynamic process and various strategies can be used to influence participation in environmental decision-making. Specifically, groups of citizens can form in response to an issue, raise public awareness and encourage legislation and policy changes in the search for social progress; in this case, increase public participation in matters involving the environment.Graduate
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kirstye99@gmail.com
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Ndlovu, Nokuthula Patricia. "An evaluation of SANGONeT as a regional electronic information and communication network for development and human rights organizations in KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/3030.
Full textAbstract:
This study was a user oriented evaluation of the South African Non-government Organizations Network (SANGONeT), a regional electronic information and communication network for development and human rights workers. SANGONeT emphasizes the need for integrating a variety of information related tasks through the use of information and communication technologies (lCT). Its mission is to facilitate the effective and empowering use of ICTs by development and social justice actors in Southern Africa. While SANGONeT is one of the oldest networks for development and human rights sectors in South Africa, no other evaluations of this particular network, from the users' perspective could be traced. The study sought to determine SANGONeT's intended users' perceptions of the network, in terms of their level of awareness and, utilization, accessibility, relevance of the network and its level of facilitation in networking. SANGONeT was evaluated using effectiveness indicators. The respondents were the development and human rights organizations in K waZulu-Natal which subscribed to SANGONeT, or those which use certain services provided by the network as well as those which do not use the network but which are potential users. The SANGONeT subscribers formed only a small proportion of the population. They were all included in the study. A number of potential subscribers who were nonsubscribers were added. According to the findings, the subscribers were satisfied with the services that SANGONeT provides and they do see it as a networking facilitator. The nonsubscribers and the nonusers were not aware of the network's existence or the services it provides. Underutilisation does not result from the problems of accessibility and relevance. Lack of awareness emerged as the main reason for the underutilisation of SANGONeT in KwaZulu-Natal. Based on the findings of the study, recommendations are made for SANGONeT as well as suggestions for further study.Thesis (M.I.S.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2001.
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Johnson, Michéle. "Encouraging volunteer engagement for Human Rights : a case study of International Justice Mission Germany." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/25513.
Full textAbstract:
Inequality of power between the global North and the global South are negative aspects of globalisation, leading to increasing inequalities, disregard of human rights and impeding human development. Voluntary work is considered to play an important role in the local and global enforcement of human rights.
This dissertation focuses on the importance of voluntary civic engagement in the social justice sector. An empirical study was carried out on the basis of qualitative research among German volunteers of the human rights NGO International Justic Mission (IJM) Deutschland in order to identify motivating factors that contribute to civic engagement. Social justice, the concept of IJM and faith were identified as most important motives. The opportunity of flexible, self-determined involvement and the provision of good support foster volunteer engagement. The study helps human rights NGOs to gain a deeper understanding of how volunteering for human rights can be encouraged.Development Studies
M.A. (Development Studies)
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Phiri, Samson Pharaoh. "Media for change?: a critical examination of the open society initiative for Southern Africa's support to the media: 1997-2007." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/2681.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication))This study is broadly conceived within the case study format, as is exemplified by the focus on the exploration of the orientations and operational contexts of a single media-support organisation, the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA). Within that research approach, the thesis examines the historical and ideological designs of OSISA, the rationale for its existence, and its interlocking linkages with international and Southern African-based media civil society organisations. The study argues that OSISA was formed in response to the evolving political situations in parts of Southern Africa in the mid-1990s, which include the collapse of apartheid in South Africa, and the crumbling of many authoritarian regimes on much of the rest of the sub-continent. With all these events taking place in a relatively short space of time, the initiators of OSISA saw a window of opportunity for supporting and influencing the political and social transformation processes, as well as spreading the ideology of social ‘openness’. As such, the thesis approaches OSISA as an institution that forms a part of the movement towards democracy or Westernisation. The study therefore documents and analyses the theoretical antecedents that contributed to the evolution of open society ideals, and their transplantation to Southern Africa. Thereafter, the study explores the nexus between OSISA and local civil society groups. This exploration is done from the theoretical assumption that no financial aid is given without strings attached. The study thus concludes that although locally based civil society organisations try to negotiate their operational spaces, in the final analysis, such groups are all embedded in (and expected to play a role within) the 9 modernisation project, of which OSISA is just one of many instruments in that grand global venture. Finally, the study proposes a few areas for additional investigations which could enhance our understanding of the global forces at work in Southern Africa.
Communication Science
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SILOVSKÁ, Marcela. "Lidská práva a jejich zdroje." Master's thesis, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-48394.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis deals with the theme of human rights. It offers a basic survey of the development of human rights. It explores a historical development of human rights and contemporary conception of this term. It analyses sources of human rights and documents on human rights; it focuses on protection of human rights in the World. The fourth chapter focuses on protection of human rights in the Czech Republic and on the activity of non-governmental organizations working in the field of human rights in the Czech Republic.
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Teixeira, Juliana Sofia Fernandes. "Bondade inteligente: algumas questões éticas na atuação das ONG." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/44640.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Direitos HumanosSão muitas as questões que surgem a propósito das Organizações Não Governamentais: a sua história, o seu ideário, a necessidade a que respondem. O objetivo da presente dissertação não se propõe o equacionamento de todas estas questões. O que pretendemos respeita a importância destas questões mas procura formular ainda uma outra questão. Assim, e diferentemente, caminharemos no sentido de isolar algumas questões éticas que as ONG fazem nascer. Os aspetos da problemática ética destas instituições são muitos, nomeadamente os seus valores, a salvaguarda que fazem dos mais desfavorecidos, o incentivo à proteção da pessoa humana, o combate diário pela igualdade social, os critérios de distribuição de meios de ajuda escassos, o altruísmo, o fundamento da ação ética destas organizações, a influência do exemplo de figuras fundadoras, a racionalidade da beneficência, etc. Subsidiariamente, procurar-se-á encontrar o denominador comum destas organizações, respeitando, como se impõe, o que cada uma tem de idiossincrático. Esta investigação tem uma hipótese de trabalho a defender: a ação beneficente que se revela no trabalho esforçado das ONG manifesta em primeiro lugar uma bondade inteligente. As desigualdades não devem ser encaradas como uma simples consequência do progresso económico que se atravessa. Deve ter-se o anseio de construir uma sociedade mais justa, igualitária, onde a justiça distributiva seja um, senão o maior, objetivo cumprido. A presente dissertação procurará, por conseguinte, apurar quais são as novas estratégias morais para lidar com preocupações sociais da sociedade contemporânea, reflectirá sobre os contributos do equilíbrio entre a bondade e a racionalidade, investigará qual o papel destas organizações na defesa dos direitos humanos e, por último, examinará de que modo o Estado, a lei e os estatutos jurídicos apoiam a beneficência das ONG em Portugal.
There are many issues arising on the subject of Non-Governmental Organizations: its history, its ideology or the demands they respond to. The purpose of this dissertation is not intended to addressing all these issues. What we want to do respects the importance of these issues but seeks to formulate another question. Thus, and otherwise, we will seek to isolate some ethical issues that NGOs raise. The features of the ethical problematic of these institutions are quite varied, including its principles, the safeguard of the underprivileged people, encouraging protection of the human being, the daily struggle for social equality, the criteria for distribution of scarce aid resources, altruism, the foundation of the ethical action of these organizations, the influence of the model of founding figures, the rationality of charity, etc. We will try to find the common purpose of these organizations; clearly cherishing their peculiar features. This research defends a working hypothesis: the charitable action revealed on the hard work of NGO displays, first of all, a sort of smart kindness. Social discriminations should not be considered as a simple consequence of economic progress. One should have the desire to build a more just and egalitarian society, where distributive justice is one, if not the greatest, objetive to fulfill. Therefore, this work will seek to establish the new moral strategies addressing the social concerns of contemporary society, reflecting on the balance of contributions between goodness and rationality, we will investigate the role of these organizations in the defense of human rights and, finally, we will examine how the State, the law and the legal status support charitable NGO in Portugal.
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Rosa, Marta Martins Muniz Mendes. "A promoção dos direitos humanos no continente africano: estudo sobre a Guiné-Bissau." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6450.
Full textAbstract:
Este trabalho resulta da minha experiência enquanto voluntária numa ONG a trabalhar
Guiné-Bissau. Viajo várias vezes até à Guiné-Bissau e percebo que, acima de tudo, há uma
resignação sobre a condição de extremamente pobre. O desconhecimento da lei, e o próprio
analfabetismo crónico, impedem a população de fazer mais. A ausência de Estado Social
conduziu as pessoas a refugiarem-se na sobrevivência diária. Partindo desta observação,
este Trabalho de projeto visa determinar como está protegida a condição humana na África
Ocidental, e em particular na Guiné-Bissau, zona tão rica em matérias-primas mas entre as
regiões mais pobres do mundo. Este projeto inicia-se com o estudo do Direito Internacional
dos Direitos Humanos, a sua evolução e caracterização. Contextualiza ainda os Direitos
Humanos no plano universal e referencia as suas principais fontes e instrumentos jurídicos.
Estes instrumentos conduziram à criação do sistema jurídico regional africano, à
Organização da União Africana e à Carta Africana dos Direitos Humanos e dos Povos.
Mais recentemente, a União Africana, matriz do Comité dos Direitos Humanos e ainda do
Tribunal Africano dos Direitos do Homem e dos Povos, permitiu progressos inesperados,
pois vinte e sete Estados estão já sob a jurisdição deste Tribunal. Mas, tal como no caso de
outros instrumentos internacionais (universais e regionais) a Guiné-Bissau ainda não
aderiu. Para além do direito internacional, o trabalho faz um balanço da situação do direito
interno dos direitos humanos na Guiné-Bissau. Através da análise do trabalho desenvolvido
pela Liga Guineense dos Direitos Humanos, o Trabalho analisa o trajeto que tem sido
seguido na história recente dos direitos humanos na Guiné-Bissau, e a forma como a
comunidade internacional (regional e mundial) e as suas instituições se têm refletido na
vida diária da população. Se a evolução dos direitos humanos no continente africano tem
sido marcada por recuos, mas igualmente avanços, os esforços da sociedade civil serão
cada vez mais necessários para garantir a sustentabilidade dos esforços para que, em pleno
século XXI, todos os seres humanos conheçam os seus direitos e disponham de meios para
os fazerem valer.This work is the result of my experience as a volunteer in a NGO working in Guinea- Bissau. I always return to Guinea-Bissau and I realized that, above all, there is a resignation about the extremely poor condition. Ignorance of the law, linked to chronic illiteracy, prevent population to do more. The absence of any Welfare State has led people to rely only on daily survival. Starting from this observation, this project aims to determine how to secure the human condition in West Africa, and in particularly in Guinea-Bissau, an area so rich in raw materials but among the poorest regions of the world. This project begins with the study of international human rights law, its evolution and characterization. It contextualizes the human rights in the universal area and looks at its main sources and legal instruments. These instruments led to the creation of the African regional legal system, the Organization of African Unity and the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. More recently, the African Union, the Human Rights Committee and the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, allowed unexpected progress, as twenty-seven States are now under the jurisdiction of this Court. But, as in the case of other international instruments (regional and universal) Guinea-Bissau has not yet acceded. In addition to international law, the work questions the situation of the internal law of human rights in Guinea-Bissau. Through the analysis of the work carried out by the Guinean League of Human Rights, the work analyzes the path that has been followed in recent history of human rights in Guinea- Bissau, and the way the international community (regional and global) and its institutions are reflected in daily life of the population. The evolution of human rights in Africa has been marked by setbacks, but also advances, and the efforts of civil society will be increasingly necessary to ensure sustainability of efforts guarantee that, in the 21st century, all human beings know their rights and have the means to make them real.