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1
Barr, Abigail, Marcel Fafchamps, and Trudy Owens. "The governance of non-governmental organizations in Uganda." World Development 33, no. 4 (April 2005): 657–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2004.09.010.
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Zanin, Henrique da Silveira. "Non-governmental organizations and the LGBTI community struggle for rights in Uganda." Revista da Faculdade de Direito, Universidade de São Paulo 115 (December 30, 2020): 645–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2318-8235.v115p645-658.
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Despite several studies supporting that some pre-colonial African groups had non-normative sex practices, the African continent still provides limited protection for LGBTI individuals. In Uganda, this protection is non-existent due to the British colonial rule, an anti-Western nationalism and strong religious beliefs. These facts brought widespread disgust for LGBTI people over time and today there is an active anti-LGBTI lawmaking in Uganda. Violence towards LGBTI individuals led to the death of several activists, despite the existence of more than 500,000 people who identify themselves as LGBTI living in the country. Therefore, this paper describes the diverse issues that concern the LGBTI people in Uganda and surveys Ugandan pro-LGBTI non-governmental organizations, describing the type of work they have been doing. It was possible to find four organizations, which have been working in areas such as healthcare, labor and economic empowerment, legal aid, care and support, advocacy and cultural change, visibility and awareness. The various strategies they have been developing are supported by the literature with regard to LGBTI protection in Uganda, except for the care and aid category, which still lacks studies to support the development of counselling, social support to address loneliness issues and safety precautions. This paper suggests studies to be developed in this theme. The work developed by these few NGOs in different areas may be capable of producing local change and political pressure throughout time, as studies such as this one may do so.
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Porter, Holly E. "Mango Trees, Offices and Altars: The Role of Relatives, Non-governmental Organisations and Churches After Rape in Northern Uganda." International Journal on Minority and Group Rights 22, no. 3 (July 17, 2015): 309–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718115-02203002.
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This article reflects on why so many women never access justice or take advantage of available services after rape in northern Uganda. It focuses on roles of three prominent non-governmental actors: lineage-based kinship authority, churches, and non-governmental organisations examining the parts they played after 94 instances of rape in this study and more broadly, how they have shaped notions of rape and appropriate responses to it. Evidence from this study (participant observation over three years and 187 in-depth interviews) suggests that although non-governmental organizations and churches have impacted evolution of social norms, reactions to wrongdoing are primarily decided by extended family structures, and are subject to a primary value of social harmony.
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Kyalimpa, Paul, John Baptist Asiimwe, Fulufhelo Godfrey Netswera, and Edward Malatse Rankhumise. "The Influence of Leadership Competencies on Sustainable Funding of Local Non-Governmental Organizations in Uganda." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 7, no. 3 (September 8, 2017): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v7i3.11824.
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Introduction. When a leader with a vision launches a Local Non-Governmental Organization (LNGO or NGO), the NGO’s motivation and decision-making often become intertwined with the leader’s personality and character to the effect that it may collapse when the NGO leader departs. Uganda has a higher percentage of NGOs inactivity and mortality due to unsustainable funding. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of NGO leadership competencies on sustainable funding of NGOs.Methods. This study utilized a descriptive correlation design. A proportionate stratified sample of 103 NGOs was obtained and their leaders were interviewed using self-administered questionnaires. Records reviews were conducted to obtain data on NGO funding. Results. This study found a 90.1% to 100% agreement by participants on possession of the various leadership competencies by the NGO leaders. A marked rise in incomes from all sources was recorded between 2010 and 2014, with external donors, local donors, and own income accounting for 67%, 13.5%, and 19.5% of the total funds, respectively. The average donor-dependency ratio and survival ratio over the 5 year period was 80.54% and 71.216 days respectively. The NGO leader/CEO understanding and working with whatever resources that are available (β=-9.802, P=.002) and spearheading the implementation of major investment decisions (β=15.720, P=.004) were the only competencies found to be statistically significant predictors of NGO financial sustainability.Recommendations. Government funding of NGOs, prioritization of Income Generating Activities and capacity building of NGO leaders in effective and efficient resource utilization and investment by NGOs, are key to NGO Survival.
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Caruso, Jeanne, and Kevin Cope. "The lost generation: How the government and non-governmental organizations are protecting the rights of orphans in Uganda." Human Rights Review 7, no. 2 (January 2006): 98–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12142-006-1032-5.
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Hauser, Michael, and Mara Lindtner. "Organic agriculture in post-war Uganda: emergence of pioneer-led niches between 1986 and 1993." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 32, no. 2 (June 6, 2016): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170516000132.
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AbstractUganda is the largest producer of organic commodities in Africa. While most of the literature associate the start of organic agriculture in Uganda with the first certified project, no accounts exist about non-certified organic agriculture before 1993. Both in Europe and in the USA, pioneers drove non-certified organic agriculture as a response to economic, ecological and social crises. Uganda suffered two decades of civil war ending in 1986 causing multiple crises. We explore how post-war conditions influenced the emergence of organic agriculture in Uganda. We conducted individual semi-structured interviews with 12 organic agriculture experts from Central and Southwestern Uganda. Interviews were held in English using interview guides informed by a transition theoretical perspective. Interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using deductive and inductive coding. Our analysis shows that the degraded environment, food insecurity and economic instability after the war created a sense of urgency for the rehabilitation of livelihoods. Pioneers, including civil society activists, farmers, entrepreneurs and researchers, responded by promoting low-cost, resource-conserving technologies and agronomic practices to smallholder farmers. Economic liberalization, decentralization and institutional vacuum eased pioneers’ activities, despite facing opponents from the government and research. Through experimental learning, demonstration farms and cooperation with the Catholic Church, public extension services, researchers and international development-oriented non-governmental organizations, pioneers reached out to farmers in Eastern, Central and Southwestern Uganda. As challenging as post-war crises may be, they offer opportunities for changing development trajectories. Therefore, reconstruction and rehabilitation efforts can accommodate sustainability concerns and allow the introduction of course-changing measures in any sector.
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Kyenkya, Margaret Isabirye, and Kathleen A. Marinelli. "Being There: The Development of the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes, the Innocenti Declaration and the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative." Journal of Human Lactation 36, no. 3 (June 16, 2020): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334420926951.
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Margaret Isabirye Kyenkya (photo) grew up in Uganda with five bothers and six sisters. Her Bachelor of Arts was in Social Work and Social Administration (Makerere University, Uganda), and was followed by a Masters in Sociology, (Nairobi University), and a Certificate in Mother and Child Health (International Child Health Institute, London). Her PhD focused on Hospital Administration inspired by the WHO/UNICEF Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative. She has worked as a researcher, the founder of Non-Governmental Organizations, a Senior United Nations Officer (New York Headquarters and several regions), a Manager in the United States Agency for International Development-funded National Health and Nutrition Projects, and a governmental Health and Nutrition Adviser. A certified trainer in a number of health and nutrition areas, a breastfeeding counselor, and a retired La Leche League Leader, Dr. Kyenkya has significantly influenced the course of lactation support and promotion globally. She stated, “My most precious and valued occupation is that of a mother [of five] and grandmother [of eight].” Dr. Kyenkya currently lives in Atlanta, Georgia, in the United States. (This interview was conducted in-person and transcribed verbatim. It has been edited for ease of readability. MK refers to Margaret Kyenkya; KM refers to Kathleen Marinelli.)
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Walker, Daniel. "When the Customer Isn’t Right: How Unsupportive Donor Demands Lead to Ineffective NGO Practices." Policy Perspectives 22 (May 4, 2015): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4079/pp.v22i0.15112.
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Recent literature has criticized non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and their activities on three main grounds: (1) NGOs incur higher-than-necessary overhead costs, (2) NGOs do not coordinate to distribute activities and projects according to beneficiary needs, and (3) NGO evaluation methods and results are biased. To discover the source of these inefficiencies, I interviewed the leaders of 34 NGOs in Kampala, Uganda. Based on trends in their responses, I argue that supposed NGO inefficiencies are actually logical reactions to strategies NGO donors employ. First, because donor financial commitments are sporadic, NGOs prioritize organizational spending, causing overheads to be higher than expected. Second, a lack of donor agreement on local needs leads NGOs to adopt client-specific objectives, leading to a lack of needs-based NGO project distribution. Third, because donors prioritize positive information in the short-term, NGOs have large incentives to deliver exclusive and/or biased data.
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MANGENI, PATRICK. "Negotiating the Space. Challenges for Applied-Theatre Praxis with Local Non-Governmental/ Community-Based Organizations in HIV/AIDS Contexts in Uganda." Matatu 43, no. 1 (2013): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789401210539_002.
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Bredenoord, Jan, Joon Park, and Kyohee Kim. "The Significance of Community Training Centers in Building Affordable Housing and Developing Settlements." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 7, 2020): 2952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12072952.
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This paper examines the visions and the roles of community training centers (CTCs) in community development and housing provision in developing countries from the perspective of assisted self-help housing. It reviews a Korean community center that contributed to community-led self-help housing for low-income groups in the 1970s. It also reviews a few notable CTCs from India, Uganda, Nepal, and three countries in Central America to examine the functions and contributions of the CTCs. It was found that CTCs play a central role in community empowerment and the production of affordable building materials receiving technical or financial assistance from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and governments. The paper makes a compelling case for CTCs by drawing on these exemplary cases to provide a development model that has the potential to facilitate the improvement of the living environment in developing countries.
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Wilcox, Alexa, M. Craig Edwards, Shida Henneberry, and Joshua Ringer. "Voices of Women Empowered by the INGO Field of Hope in Northern Uganda: A Phenomenological Study." Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education 28, no. 3 (April 15, 2021): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5191/jiaee.2021.283120.
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Numerous studies support the role of improved agricultural practices in reducing poverty, and because much of the agricultural labor in lesser-developed countries (LDCs) is that of smallholder women farmers, many International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) are implementing programs for these women. The United Nations prioritized gender equality and women’s empowerment in the Sustainable Development Goals (2015-2030) and encouraged governments and other actors, such as INGOs, to do the same. However, little qualitative research has been done to study the effectiveness of INGOs regarding women’s empowerment through improvements in their agricultural practices. This study was conducted to develop a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of women in an INGO’s empowerment program. The study’s theoretical perspective conjoined critical and feminist theories. Twelve beneficiaries of the INGO Field of Hope’s projects in northern Uganda were interviewed. The responses were analyzed to develop four themes and 12 subthemes to understand their experiences and distill the phenomenon’s essence. We recommend that more research be done to assess which INGO practices encourage empowerment over dependency and whether such projects increase agricultural productivity.
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Razavi, S. Donya, Lydia Kapiriri, Julia Abelson, and Michael Wilson. "Who is in and who is out? A qualitative analysis of stakeholder participation in priority setting for health in three districts in Uganda." Health Policy and Planning 34, no. 5 (June 1, 2019): 358–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz049.
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Abstract Stakeholder participation is relevant in strengthening priority setting processes for health worldwide, since it allows for inclusion of alternative perspectives and values that can enhance the fairness, legitimacy and acceptability of decisions. Low-income countries operating within decentralized systems recognize the role played by sub-national administrative levels (such as districts) in healthcare priority setting. In Uganda, decentralization is a vehicle for facilitating stakeholder participation. Our objective was to examine district-level decision-makers’ perspectives on the participation of different stakeholders, including challenges related to their participation. We further sought to understand the leverages that allow these stakeholders to influence priority setting processes. We used an interpretive description methodology involving qualitative interviews. A total of 27 district-level decision-makers from three districts in Uganda were interviewed. Respondents identified the following stakeholder groups: politicians, technical experts, donors, non-governmental organizations (NGO)/civil society organizations (CSO), cultural and traditional leaders, and the public. Politicians, technical experts and donors are the principal contributors to district-level priority setting and the public is largely excluded. The main leverages for politicians were control over the district budget and support of their electorate. Expertise was a cross-cutting leverage for technical experts, donors and NGO/CSOs, while financial and technical resources were leverages for donors and NGO/CSOs. Cultural and traditional leaders’ leverages were cultural knowledge and influence over their followers. The public’s leverage was indirect and exerted through electoral power. Respondents made no mention of participation for vulnerable groups. The public, particularly vulnerable groups, are left out of the priority setting process for health at the district. Conflicting priorities, interests and values are the main challenges facing stakeholders engaged in district-level priority setting. Our findings have important implications for understanding how different stakeholder groups shape the prioritization process and whether representation can be an effective mechanism for participation in health-system priority setting.
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Otieno, Gloria Atieno, Catherine Kiwuka, and John Wasswa Mulumba. "Realizing Farmers’ Rights through Community Seed Banks in Uganda: Experiences and Policy Issues." Sustainable Agriculture Research 6, no. 2 (February 17, 2017): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v6n2p26.
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The paper interrogates the role of community seed banks (CSBs) and related initiatives in the realization of farmers’ rights in Uganda and the policy and legislative space for the functioning of CSBs. The study finds that although community seed banks are a relatively new phenomenon in Uganda, there have been community based seed banking initiatives that have been instrumental in the realization of farmers’ rights to save and exchange seed and information; and especially providing a wide range of diversity of seed to farmers and improving access to good quality seed. Through partnerships with local Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), research and government institutions, CSBs have received technical and financial support for conservation and seed production activities, thus enabling them to participate in seed value-chains through production of quality declared seed (QDS) and participate in decision making. Although the policy and legal environment for the functioning of CSBs is not well defined, various pieces of draft legislation provide positively for ways through which CSBs can be recognized and supported for the benefit of farmers. The study recommends that CSBs activities should be rolled-out to other parts of the country through a government financing mechanism that is suggested in the draft national policy on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. The development of a policy and legal environment that includes an act that has provisions for the recognition of CSBs and the protection of farmers’ rights is important. Secondary information, interviews with key informants and Focus Group discussions (FGDs) are the primary sources of data used.
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Etongo, Daniel, G. Fagan, Consolata Kabonesa, and Richard Asaba B. "Community-Managed Water Supply Systems in Rural Uganda: The Role of Participation and Capacity Development." Water 10, no. 9 (September 18, 2018): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091271.
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Over 85% of Uganda’s 34 million people depend on rural water supply systems and the current water and environment sector performance report (2017) reports an 84% functionality of rural water sources such as boreholes and shallow wells with a hand pump. Ensuring the continued operation of water points, and in keeping with participatory theory, the water user’s committees (WUCs) should also be a vehicle for empowering communities while bringing about greater equity of use. However, WUC members do not acquire the knowledge and skills they need by default but require different types of training. This study sought to evaluate community participation and capacity development in WUCs in relation to community-managed water supply systems. A shared dialogue workshop (SDW), as well as 642 randomly selected households across 17 villages in two Parishes in Lwengo district, southern Uganda were considered. Results indicated that 41.7% of surveyed households used an unprotected source while up to 30% had a member in a WUC. Fifty-two percent of households had never made any financial contributions to a WUC, while 34.6% did so on an ad hoc basis. This paper examines the relationship between participation, mobilization, and financial contributions. The chi-square test indicated mobilization has no impact on household financial contributions to a WUC. However, the majority of even those households that were mobilized made a payment only occasionally, and specifically when the source broke down. Additionally, the test result reveals that there is no difference between better off and relatively poor households in their contributions to a WUC, an indication that other factors influence such decisions. Training activities, especially on the operation and maintenance of water points and to undertake minor repairs, were mostly provided by non-governmental organizations (NGOs)/project staff. Abandoned boreholes, lack of rehabilitation activities, and loss of enthusiasm are all indications that the technical, financial, and institutional performance of community-managed water supply systems needs improvement.
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Walters, Christine, Hasina Rakotomanana, Joel Komakech, and Barbara Stoecker. "Facilitators and Barriers of Breastfeeding in Post-emergency Settlements: Qualitative Findings From Uganda." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab045_078.
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Abstract Objectives Suboptimal breastfeeding practices have been reported among vulnerable populations including those living in post-emergency refugee settlements. This study investigated the barriers and facilitators of breastfeeding in post-emergency settlements in Adjumani district, in the West Nile region in Uganda. Methods Participants included mothers and fathers of children less than 23 months of age who lived in post-emergency refugee settlements of Agojo, Ayilo, and Nyumanzi. Participants formed a total of five focus group discussions (FGDs); four FGDs for mothers and two FGDs for fathers. The FGDs were conducted in native languages, Dinka and Madi, and were audio-recorded. Data were transcribed verbatim and back-translated into English. Thematic analysis was used and data were analyzed using NVivo v. 12. Results The mean age (years) for mothers was 27.1 and 39.7 for fathers. Over half (61.9%) of mothers and many fathers (74.9%) received some formal education. Over a quarter (28.5%) of mothers attended less than 4 antenatal visits during their last pregnancy. Facilitators of breastfeeding included knowledge of breastfeeding benefits, support from husband/father, support from the community, and support from non-governmental organizations. Mothers and fathers reported that breastfeeding protected children from diseases and breasted children grow well. Four themes were identified as barriers of breastfeeding: physical, socioeconomic, knowledge, and psychosocial barriers. Mothers and fathers reported physical barriers such as mothers stop breastfeeding when they are sick or they feel they are not producing enough breastmilk. Mothers described socioeconomic barriers including working outside the home and educated mothers chose to use other milk. Fathers reported psychosocial barriers such as mothers’ fear of pain during breastfeeding and maternal mental health issues. Conclusions Policies and interventions that aim to improve breastfeeding in post-emergency settlements should consider addressing the barriers to breastfeeding at each level: physical, socioeconomic, knowledge, and psychosocial. Involving and encouraging support from husbands/fathers, relatives, and the community may increase adherence to breastfeeding recommendations. Funding Sources Thoma Chair, Oklahoma State University.
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Umviligihozo, Gisele, Lucy Mupfumi, Nelson Sonela, Delon Naicker, Ekwaro A. Obuku, Catherine Koofhethile, Tuelo Mogashoa, et al. "Sub-Saharan Africa preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of early career African scientists." Wellcome Open Research 5 (July 8, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16070.1.
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Emerging highly transmissible viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 pose a significant global threat to human health and the economy. Since its first appearance in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China, SARS-CoV-2 infection has quickly spread across the globe, with the first case reported on the African continent, in Egypt on February 14th, 2020. Although the global number of COVID-19 infections has increased exponentially since the beginning of the pandemic, the number of new infections and deaths recorded in African countries have been relatively modest, suggesting slower transmission dynamics of the virus on the continent, a lower case fatality rate, or simply a lack of testing or reliable data. Notably, there is no significant increase in unexplained pneumonias or deaths on the continent which could possibly indicate the effectiveness of interventions introduced by several African governments. However, there has not yet been a comprehensive assessment of sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic that may have contributed to prevent an uncontrolled outbreak so far. As a group of early career scientists and the next generation of African scientific leaders with experience of working in medical and diverse health research fields in both SSA and resource-rich countries, we present a unique perspective on the current public health interventions to fight COVID-19 in Africa. Our perspective is based on extensive review of the available scientific publications, official technical reports and announcements released by governmental and non-governmental health organizations as well as from our personal experiences as workers on the COVID-19 battlefield in SSA. We documented public health interventions implemented in seven SSA countries including Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Cameroon, Zambia, South Africa and Botswana, the existing gaps and the important components of disease control that may strengthen SSA response to future outbreaks.
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Umviligihozo, Gisele, Lucy Mupfumi, Nelson Sonela, Delon Naicker, Ekwaro A. Obuku, Catherine Koofhethile, Tuelo Mogashoa, et al. "Sub-Saharan Africa preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of early career African scientists." Wellcome Open Research 5 (September 16, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16070.2.
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Emerging highly transmissible viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 pose a significant global threat to human health and the economy. Since its first appearance in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China, SARS-CoV-2 infection has quickly spread across the globe, with the first case reported on the African continent, in Egypt on February 14th, 2020. Although the global number of COVID-19 infections has increased exponentially since the beginning of the pandemic, the number of new infections and deaths recorded in African countries have been relatively modest, suggesting slower transmission dynamics of the virus on the continent, a lower case fatality rate, or simply a lack of testing or reliable data. Notably, there is no significant increase in unexplained pneumonias or deaths on the continent which could possibly indicate the effectiveness of interventions introduced by several African governments. However, there has not yet been a comprehensive assessment of sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic that may have contributed to prevent an uncontrolled outbreak so far. As a group of early career scientists and the next generation of African scientific leaders with experience of working in medical and diverse health research fields in both SSA and resource-rich countries, we present a unique perspective on the current public health interventions to fight COVID-19 in Africa. Our perspective is based on extensive review of the available scientific publications, official technical reports and announcements released by governmental and non-governmental health organizations as well as from our personal experiences as workers on the COVID-19 battlefield in SSA. We documented public health interventions implemented in seven SSA countries including Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Cameroon, Zambia, South Africa and Botswana, the existing gaps and the important components of disease control that may strengthen SSA response to future outbreaks.
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Umviligihozo, Gisele, Lucy Mupfumi, Nelson Sonela, Delon Naicker, Ekwaro A. Obuku, Catherine Koofhethile, Tuelo Mogashoa, et al. "Sub-Saharan Africa preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A perspective of early career African scientists." Wellcome Open Research 5 (December 10, 2020): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16070.3.
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Emerging highly transmissible viral infections such as SARS-CoV-2 pose a significant global threat to human health and the economy. Since its first appearance in December 2019 in the city of Wuhan, Hubei province, China, SARS-CoV-2 infection has quickly spread across the globe, with the first case reported on the African continent, in Egypt on February 14th, 2020. Although the global number of COVID-19 infections has increased exponentially since the beginning of the pandemic, the number of new infections and deaths recorded in African countries have been relatively modest, suggesting slower transmission dynamics of the virus on the continent, a lower case fatality rate, or simply a lack of testing or reliable data. Notably, there is no significant increase in unexplained pneumonias or deaths on the continent which could possibly indicate the effectiveness of interventions introduced by several African governments. However, there has not yet been a comprehensive assessment of sub-Saharan Africa’s (SSA) preparedness and response to the COVID-19 pandemic that may have contributed to prevent an uncontrolled outbreak so far. As a group of early career scientists and the next generation of African scientific leaders with experience of working in medical and diverse health research fields in both SSA and resource-rich countries, we present a unique perspective on the current public health interventions to fight COVID-19 in Africa. Our perspective is based on extensive review of the available scientific publications, official technical reports and announcements released by governmental and non-governmental health organizations as well as from our personal experiences as workers on the COVID-19 battlefield in SSA. We documented public health interventions implemented in seven SSA countries including Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Cameroon, Zambia, South Africa and Botswana, the existing gaps and the important components of disease control that may strengthen SSA response to future outbreaks.
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Sikakulya, Franck Katembo, Robinson Ssebuufu, Simon Binezero Mambo, Theophilus Pius, Annet Kabanyoro, Elizabeth Kamahoro, Yusuf Mulumba, Jean Kakule Muhongya, and Patrick Kyamanywa. "Use of face masks to limit the spread of the COVID-19 among western Ugandans: Knowledge, attitude and practices." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 24, 2021): e0248706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248706.
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Background The world is grappling with an ever-changing COVID-19 pandemic using preventive measures such as personal hygiene, face masks, restrictions on travel and gatherings in communities, in addition to a race to find a vaccine. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the western Uganda community on the proper use of face masks to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Methods A cross-sectional study using a structured questionnaire was carried out from 1st July to 10th July 2020 among western Ugandans of consent age of 18 years and above. Data was analysed using Stata version 14.2. Results Among the respondents (n = 1114), the mean age was 30.7 (SD 11.1), 51% were males, 53.9% married and 43% had attained secondary education. Most participants (60.1%, n = 670) had satisfactory knowledge on the use of face masks and participants at a tertiary education level [AOR 2.6 (95% CI: 1.42–4.67; p = 0.002)] were likely to have satisfactory knowledge than participants who had not education. On attitude, most respondents (69.4%) were confident enough to correctly put on a face mask; 83.4% believed that a face mask can protect against COVID-19 and 75.9% of respondents had never shared their face mask. The majority of respondents (95.2%) agreed wearing face masks in public places was important to protect themselves against COVID-19; 60.3% reported washing their hands before wearing and after removing the face mask. Unfortunately, 51.5% reported removing the face mask if they needed to talk to someone. Conclusion Despite the satisfactory knowledge, good attitude and practices, there is still much more to be done in terms of knowledge, attitude and practices among participants. Government, non-governmental organizations and civil society should improve sensitization of populations on how to behave with face masks while talking to avoid the spread of the COVID-19 among western Ugandans.
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Andrew, Amegovu K. "Health Status and Quality of Health Care Services of Congolese Refugees in Nakivale, Uganda." Journal of Food Research 5, no. 3 (May 16, 2016): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v5n3p39.
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Physical and emotional wellness, as well as access to healthcare, are foundations for successful resettlement. Without feeling healthy, it is difficult to work, to go school, or take care of a family. Many factors can affect refugee health, including geographic origin and refugee camp conditions. Refugees may face a wide variety of acute or chronic health issues (Office of Refugee Resettlement, ORR Annual Report to Congress 2014; http://www.acf.hhs.gov). Resettlement of refugees in Uganda is usually supported by concerted efforts of UNHCR, Governments through the Office of the Prime Minister, OPM with support from host communities, local and international Non-Governmental Organizations. Due to resource constraints and local factors, immigrants are often subjected to poor living conditions which coupled with inadequacy inessential medical supplies might significantly affects quality of care and health service delivery and hence, rendering refugees to poor health status. This study was conducted from 2013-2014 to assess the determinants of health status of Congolese refugees living in Nakivale refugee settlement, in Isingiro district- South Western Uganda. A cross-sectional study design was used involving mixed techniques of both qualitative and quantitative KAP survey. The study focussed on Congolese refugee population in Nakivale Refugee settlement. 2401 key informants’ interviews and 8 focus group discussions respectively were conducted targeting service providers and beneficiaries/Congolese refugees in this case. The data was analysed using SPSS ver.20, 2011. Although majority (97%) of respondents sought medical services from established health facilities, findings confirm a high level of ill health prevalence among Congolese refugees in Nakivale camp, however, the difference in health services and perceived health status in camp versus the one in DRcongo is insignificant ( p=0.000) with respondents perceiving their health status as worse than when they were their own Country before the resettlement. Identified key challenges affecting access & uptake of available health services includes: language barrier; inadequate drugs; and the long distances to access health facilities. The health status of refugees could be improved by addressing the challenges related to language, drug supplies in addition to humanising conditions of shelter, providing appropriate waste disposal facilities while proving adequate food rations and clean & safe drinking water.
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Gladun, E. "BRICS DEVELOPMENT THROUGH SOCIALLY RESPONSIVE ECONOMY." BRICS Law Journal 5, no. 3 (October 13, 2018): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2018-5-3-152-159.
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The 10th BRICS Academic Forum, consisting of scholars, think tanks and non-governmental organizations from Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, took place in Johannesburg, South Africa on 28–31 May 2018. The event was hosted jointly by the BRICS Think Tank Council (BTTC) and the South African BRICS Think Tank (SABTT) with the support of the South African government and the National Institute for the Humanities and Social Sciences (NIHSS) as the SABTT custodian and coordinator. Under South Africa’s direction as chair of BRICS, participation at the Academic Forum was extended to other African countries as part of the Africa Outreach Initiative: Angola, Burundi, Ethiopia, Gabon, Namibia, Uganda, Togo, Rwanda and Senegal accepted invitations. Participants commended the efforts made by China during its turn as chair of BRICS to promote BRICS cooperation and suggested working together to strengthen the three-wheel-driven areas of economy, peace and security, and people-to-people exchanges. For the final four days of May, Johannesburg became a vibrant intellectual capital offering for the Academic Forum participants much debate and discussion, plenary sessions and side events all united under the theme “Envisioning Inclusive Development Through a Socially Responsive Economy.” The 2018 Academic Forum focused on the topics most important for the BRICS group ranging from peace and security, energy, gender relations and health to regional integration. The Forum was a complete success with broad consensus and submitted a list of recommendations for the consideration of the leaders of BRICS.
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Mapunda, Bertram B. B. "A Critical Examination of Isaria Kimambo's Ideas Through Time." History in Africa 32 (2005): 269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2005.0015.
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In this paper I attempt to review critically the historical thought of Isaria Kimambo through time by examining a selected number of his publications and manuscripts. The paper also incorporates comments from his peers and colleagues, as well as his own assessment. In conclusion, the paper appeals to historical institutions and organizations in the developing world (including the Department of History, University of Dar es Salaam and the Historical Association of Tanzania) to cultivate a culture of awarding outstanding historians for the purpose of promoting creativity, commitment, and devotion to the discipline.Isaria Ndelahiyosa Kimambo turned 72 years of age in 2003, For half his lifetime Kimambo has served the Department of History of University Dar es Salaam and the Historical Association of Tanzania (HAT). Established in 1964, the Department of History is one of the oldest departments in the University, which started in 1961 as a college of the University of London. In 1963 this became the college of the University of East Africa, based at Makerere, Uganda, and in 1970 it became a full-fledged University. HAT, which became a non-governmental organization in 2000, was born in 1966, with Kimambo as one of the founding members.Kimambo joined the Department of History in 1965, when he was in his third year of doctoral studies at Northwestern University. In 1967 he successfully defended his dissertation entitled “The Political History of the Pare People to 1900,” which was based on research he conducted in Upare in northeastern Tanzania. In 1969 he became the Head of History Department, the first indigenous Head, taking over from Terence O. Ranger, who left the Department and joined the University of California at Los Angeles as Director of African Studies.
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Ekenze, Sebastian O. "Funding paediatric surgery procedures in sub-Saharan Africa." Malawi Medical Journal 31, no. 3 (September 3, 2019): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/mmj.v31i3.13.
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BackgroundIn sub-Saharan Africa, there is a growing awareness of the burden of paediatric surgical diseases. This has highlighted the large discrepancy between the capacity to treat and the ability to afford treatment, and the effect of this problem on access to care. This review focuses on the sources and challenges of funding paediatric surgical procedures in sub-Saharan Africa. MethodsWe undertook a search for studies published between January 2007 and November 2016 that reported the specific funding of paediatric surgical procedures and were conducted in sub-Saharan Africa. Abstract screening, full-text review and data abstraction were completed and resulting data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. ResultsThirty-five studies met our inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The countries that were predominantly emphasized in the publications reviewed were Nigeria, South Africa, Kenya, Ghana and Uganda. The paediatric surgical procedures involved general paediatric surgery/urology, cardiac surgery, neurosurgery, oncology, plastics, ophthalmology, orthopaedics and otorhinolaryngology. The mean cost of these procedures ranged from 60 to 21,140 United States Dollars (USD). The source of funding for these procedures was mostly out-of-pocket payments (OOPs) by the patient’s family in 32 studies, (91.4%) and medical mission/non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in 21 (60%) studies. This pattern did not differ appreciably between the articles published in the initial and latter 5 years of the study period, although there was a trend towards a reduction in OOP funding. Improvements in healthcare funding by individual countries supported by international organizations and charities were the predominant suggested solutions to challenges in funding.ConclusionWhile considering the potential limitations created by diversity in study design, the reviewed publications indicate that funding for paediatric surgical procedures in sub-Saharan Africa is mostly by OOPs made by families of the patients. This may result in limited access to some procedures. Coordinated efforts, and collaboration between individual countries and international agencies, may help to reduce OOP funding and thus improve access to critical procedures.
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Burleson, Grace, Brian Butcher, Brianna Goodwin, Kendra Sharp, and Bonnie Ruder. "Soap-Making Process Improvement: Including Social, Cultural and Resource Constraints in the Engineering Design Process." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 12, no. 2 (November 28, 2017): 81–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v12i2.7572.
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The engineering profession is increasingly recognizing that engineers’ abilities to utilize a systems perspective and collaborate on multidisciplinary teams are critical professional competencies required to solve contemporary engineering challenges. Understanding context, including but not limited to social and cultural context, is one aspect of systems thinking that is important to effective problem-solving, yet such training is not yet standard in our engineering curricula. Humanitarian engineering-related capstone design projects offer both hands-on and field opportunities to integrate social and cultural appropriateness into a formal engineering design curriculum. Over the 2015-2016 academic year, Oregon State University offered a capstone project aimed at optimizing and implementing an improved soap-making process for TERREWODE, a non-governmental organization in Uganda. The ultimate goal of this soap-making project was to expand income-generating opportunities for victims and survivors of obstetric fistula. The project consisted of a six-month, on-campus design phase and a three-week field implementation and research trip in Soroti, Uganda. Six Social Justice (SJ) criteria were used in assessing project context and developing design requirements. Throughout the design phase, experimental testing drove the majority of design decisions. During field implementation and research, the three-student capstone design team worked closely with TERREWODE and their members to optimize the process, understand cultural conditions, and recommend options for potential local solar power systems.
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Baumgartner, Joy Noel, Jennifer Headley, Julius Kirya, Josh Guenther, James Kaggwa, Min Kyung Kim, Luke Aldridge, Stefanie Weiland, and Joseph Egger. "Impact evaluation of a maternal and neonatal health training intervention in private Ugandan facilities." Health Policy and Planning 36, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 1103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czab072.
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Abstract Global and country-specific targets for reductions in maternal and neonatal mortality in low-resource settings will not be achieved without improvements in the quality of care for optimal facility-based obstetric and newborn care. This global call includes the private sector, which is increasingly serving low-resource pregnant women. The primary aim of this study was to estimate the impact of a clinical and management-training programme delivered by a non-governmental organization [LifeNet International] that partners with clinics on adherence to global standards of clinical quality during labour and delivery in rural Uganda. The secondary aim included describing the effect of the LifeNet training on pre-discharge neonatal and maternal mortality. The LifeNet programme delivered maternal and neonatal clinical trainings over a 10-month period in 2017–18. Direct clinical observations of obstetric deliveries were conducted at baseline (n = 263 pre-intervention) and endline (n = 321 post-intervention) for six faith-based, not-for-profit primary healthcare facilities in the greater Masaka area of Uganda. Direct observation comprised the entire delivery process, from initial client assessment to discharge, and included emergency management (e.g. postpartum haemorrhage and neonatal resuscitation). Data were supplemented by daily facility-based assessments of infrastructure during the study periods. Results showed positive and clinically meaningful increases in observed handwashing, observed delayed cord clamping, partograph use documentation and observed 1- and/or 5-minute APGAR assessments (rapid scoring system for assessing clinical status of newborn), in particular, between baseline and endline. High-quality intrapartum facility-based care is critical for reducing maternal and early neonatal mortality, and this evaluation of the LifeNet intervention indicates that their clinical training programme improved the practice of quality maternal and neonatal healthcare at all six primary care clinics in Uganda, at least over a relatively short-term period. However, for several of these quality indicators, the adherence rates, although improved, were still far from 100% and could benefit from further improvement via refresher trainings and/or a closer examination of the barriers to adherence.
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Putoto, Giovanni, Antonella Cortese, Ilaria Pecorari, Roberto Musi, and Enrico Nunziata. "Harmonization of clinical laboratories in Africa: a multidisciplinary approach to identify innovative and sustainable technical solutions." Diagnosis 2, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/dx-2014-0071.
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AbstractIn an effective and efficient health system, laboratory medicine should play a critical role. This is not the case in Africa, where there is a lack of demand for diagnostic exams due to mistrust of health laboratory performance. Doctors with Africa CUAMM (Collegio Universitario Aspiranti Medici Missionari) is a non-profit organization, working mainly in sub-Saharan Africa (Angola, Ethiopia, Mozambique, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda) to help and sustain local health systems. Doctors with Africa CUAMM has advocated the need for a harmonized model for health laboratories to assess and evaluate the performance of the facilities in which they operate.In order to develop a harmonized model for African health laboratories, previous attempts at strengthening them through standardization were taken into consideration and reviewed. A survey with four Italian clinicians experienced in the field was then performed to try and understand the actual needs of health facilities. Finally a market survey was conducted to find new technologies able to update the resulting model.Comparison of actual laboratories with the developed standard – which represents the best setting any African health laboratory could aim for – allowed shortcomings in expected services to be identified and interventions subsequently prioritized. The most appropriate equipment was proposed to perform the envisaged techniques. The suitability of appliances was evaluated in consideration of recognized international recommendations, reported experiences in the field, and the availability of innovative solutions that can be performed on site in rural areas, but require minimal sample preparation and little technical expertise.: The present work has developed a new, up-to-date, harmonized model for African health laboratories. The authors suggest lists of procedures to challenge the major African health problems – HIV/AIDS, malaria, tubercolosis (TB) – at each level of pyramidal health system. This model will hopefully support the non-governmental organization (NGO) Doctors with Africa CUAMM in its activities in sub-Saharan hospitals, providing them with a guideline to programme future interventions.
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Twaibu, Wamala. "Non-Governmental Organizations and the Re-Integration of Former Child Soldiers Case Study: Caritas Gulu in Northern Uganda." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2720820.
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"Commonwealth Africa Human Rights Conference." Journal of African Law 36, no. 1 (1992): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021855300009700.
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The first Commonwealth Africa Human Rights Conference (CAHRC) took place in Harare, Zimbabwe between 11–14 October 1991 and immediately preceded the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM). Organized by three local non-governmental organizations, it brought together participants from 14 Commonwealth African nations together with South Africa. NGOs represented included the African Centre for Democracy and Human Rights Studies (The Gambia); Kituo Cha Sheria (Kenya); the Civil Liberties Organization (Nigeria); the Legal Assistance Centre (Namibia); the Legal Resources Centre (South Africa); Uganda Human Rights Activists; and Women in Law and Development in Africa (Mauritius and Tanzania). The conference was informed that one Nigerian participant, Femi Falana, the President of the National Association of Democratic Lawyers, was prevented by his government from leaving Nigeria. Participants unanimously condemned this action and a communication to this effect was sent to the Nigerian Head of State who was attending CHOGM.
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Wolf, Hilary T., Hayley G. Teich, Bonnie L. Halpern-Felsher, Ramon J. Murphy, Natasha Anandaraja, Jessie Stone, and Charles Kalumuna. "The effectiveness of an adolescent reproductive health education intervention in Uganda." International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health 29, no. 2 (April 1, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2015-0032.
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Abstract Ugandan adolescents lack sufficient reproductive health knowledge, which accounts in part for the staggering rates of teen pregnancies and sexually transmitted (STI) infections in this population. This study aimed to (1) examine Ugandan adolescents’ baseline STI and contraceptive knowledge; (2) determine whether this knowledge varies by demographic factors, prior sexual experience or school grade; and (3) evaluate the effectiveness of an educational program to increase and retain STI and contraceptive knowledge among Ugandan adolescents. This study surveyed 129 adolescents (ages 15–19) regarding knowledge of STIs and contraceptive methods at schools and community non-governmental organizations at three time points. Findings demonstrated that at baseline the mean test scores for contraceptive knowledge and STI knowledge were 44% and 72%, respectively. Participants in higher secondary school grade-levels had greater odds of having prior STI knowledge (OR=19.6, 95% CI 2.0–187.6); participants who had previously engaged in sex had greater odds of having prior contraceptive knowledge (OR=4.62, 95% CI 1.45–14.72). A higher grade level was not associated with better knowledge of contraception; and being sexually active was not associated with better knowledge of STI information. Participants’ knowledge of STIs and contraceptives improved after the education session (p<0.001), and knowledge was retained 3-weeks later (p<0.001). Findings suggest that Ugandan adolescents do not have adequate education regarding contraceptive methods and that implementation of reproductive health modules by an outside party can be effective in improving knowledge.
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McKague, Kevin, Sarah Harrison, and Jenipher Musoke. "Gender intentional approaches to enhance health social enterprises in Africa: a qualitative study of constraints and strategies." International Journal for Equity in Health 20, no. 1 (April 10, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12939-021-01427-0.
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AbstractBackgroundHealth social enterprises are experimenting with community health worker (CHW) models that allow for various income-generating opportunities to motivate and incentivize CHWs. Although evidence shows that improving gender equality contributes to the achievement of health outcomes, gender-based constraints faced by CHWs working with social enterprises in Africa have not yet been empirically studied. This study is the first of its kind to address this important gap in knowledge.MethodsWe conducted 36 key informant interviews and 21 focus group discussions between 2016 and 2019 (for a total of 175 individuals: 106 women and 69 men) with four health social enterprises in Uganda and Kenya and other related key stakeholders and domain experts. Interview and focus group transcripts were coded according to gender-based constraints and strategies for enhanced performance as well as key sites for intervention.ResultsWe found that CHW programs can be more gender responsive. We introduce theGender Integration Continuum for Health Social Enterprisesas a tool that can help guide gender equality efforts. Data revealed female CHWs face seven unique gender-based constraints (compared to male CHWs): 1) higher time burden and lack of economic empowerment; 2) risks to personal safety; 3) lack of career advancement and leadership opportunities; 4) lack of access to needed equipment, medicines and transport; 5) lack of access to capital; 6) lack of access to social support and networking opportunities; and 7) insufficient financial and non-financial incentives. Data also revealed four key areas of intervention: 1) the health social enterprise; 2) the CHW; 3) the CHW’s partner; and 4) the CHW’s patients. In each of the four areas, gender responsive strategies were identified to overcome constraints and contribute to improved gender equality and community health outcomes.ConclusionsThis is the first study of its kind to identify the key gender-based constraints and gender responsive strategies for health social enterprises in Africa using CHWs. Findings can assist organizations working with CHWs in Africa (social enterprises, governments or non-governmental organizations) to develop gender responsive strategies that increase the gender and health outcomes while improving gender equality for CHWs, their families, and their communities.