Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-insulin-dependent diabetes – Diet therapy

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Academic literature on the topic 'Non-insulin-dependent diabetes – Diet therapy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-insulin-dependent diabetes – Diet therapy"

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VESSBY, B., B. KARLSTRÖM, M. BOBERG, H. LITHELL, I. B. GUSTAFSSON, and C. BERNE. "Diet Therapy for Poorly Controlled Type 2 (Non-insulin-dependent) Diabetes Mellitus." Acta Paediatrica 74, s320 (July 1985): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.1985.tb10137.x.

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SHIMIZU, MITSUO. "IMPROVEMENT OF SERUM LIPIDS IN NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS BY DIET THERAPY." KITAKANTO Medical Journal 42, no. 5 (1992): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2974/kmj1951.42.425.

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Cabanas, E. A., and E. J. Bastyr. "Very low calorie diet as an alternative to insulin therapy in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Journal of the American Dietetic Association 94, no. 9 (September 1994): A21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-8223(94)91651-9.

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Henry, R. R., T. A. Wiest-Kent, L. Scheaffer, O. G. Kolterman, and J. M. Olefsky. "Metabolic consequences of very-low-calorie diet therapy in obese non-insulin-dependent diabetic and nondiabetic subjects." Diabetes 35, no. 2 (February 1, 1986): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/diabetes.35.2.155.

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Deacon, C. F., S. Schleser-Mohr, M. Ballmann, B. Willms, J. M. Conlon, and W. Creutzfeldt. "Preferential release of proinsulin relative to insulin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Acta Endocrinologica 119, no. 4 (December 1988): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1190549.

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Abstract. A radioimmunoassay, using an antiserum that is specific for human proinsulin, has been used to study the response of serum proinsulin to low (25 g) and high (75 g) oral glucose loads in non-obese patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Diabetic patients were treated by diet only (N = 8) or were receiving oral anti-hyperglycemic agents (N = 8) and therapy was not interrupted during the study. In the fasted state, proinsulin concentrations were higher (P<0.05) in the drug-treated patients (31 ± 3 pmol/l (sem)) compared with age- and weight-matched healthy subjects (22 ± 2 pmol/l; N = 10), but concentrations in the diet-treated patients 25 ± 3 pmol/l) were not significantly different. Following 25 g and 75 g glucose loads, the rises in serum immunoreactive insulin and C-peptide concentrations in both groups of diabetic patients were impaired and delayed relative to those in the control subjects. The responses of serum proinsulin, however, were not significantly different in the NIDDM patients compared with controls at any time point up to 180 min except in the case of drugtreated patients receiving 25 g of glucose who had elevated (P< 0.05) proinsulin concentrations at 150 min and 180 min after ingestion. It is concluded that NIDDM is not associated with an exaggerated release of proinsulin in response to glucose compared with healthy subjects, but the islets have maintained the ability to release proinsulin better than the ability to release insulin.
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Lisovskii, Oleg, Anna Zavyalova, Valeriya Novikova, Milena Yakovleva, Alexandr Gostimskii, Ludmila Tyrtova, and Ivan Lisitsa. "Nutritional stereotypes of children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Medicine 16, no. 1 (2021): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu11.2021.101.

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In most cases, type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells, which is the result of absolute insulin deficiency and, therefore, treatment is associated with the administration of insulin. The therapeutic treatment of type 1 diabetes includes the use of insulin for glycemic control, balanced nutrition and regular physical activity. Daily insulin requirements vary depending on age, diet, self-monitoring of blood glucose and daily routine. Obesity affects some patients with type 1 diabetes, which increases their insulin requirements and negatively affects their metabolic control. The type 1 diabetes diet is an essential part of the treatment program and helps to achieve glycemia targets and avoid insulin dose difficulties. Traditionally, for sick children and their parents, there are diet classes in the School of diabetes, but the equivalence in terms of diet and the actual nutrition of children is not sufficiently studied. Therefore, a combination of insulin therapy and an individual nutrition plan is necessary, which is the key to proper metabolic control. The usual nutritional guidelines for patients with type 1 diabetes should be the same as those for the general population.
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Gorrell, Jennifer Justice, Jennifer Schoelles Williams, and Paula Powell. "Review and Update of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2003): 252–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-8.4.252.

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The purpose of this article is to provide the health care practitioner with a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology and treatment of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Traditionally, insulin has been administered via an insulin syringe. In the recent past, diabetes research has focused on developing more convenient insulin delivery devices and longer acting insulin's in hopes of increasing compliance with insulin therapy and improving the management of Type 1 diabetes in both children and adults. Rapidly developing approaches to insulin delivery for Type 1 diabetes continue to be developed at a rapid rate, including administration via continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in addition to other new approaches. With these advances in therapy, pediatric patients with Type 1 diabetes have been able to achieve strict glycemic control, although the treatment of hypoglycemia remains a burden. The objectives of this article are to the following: to review the epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnostic criteria of Type 1 diabetes mellitus in children,; to discuss the management of these patients, including, insulin therapy, monitoring, diet and exercise, carbohydrate counting and treatment of hypoglycemia,; and to review insulin administration devices, including insulin pens, insulin jet injectors, insulin pumps, and novel insulin delivery systems.
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Chantelau, E. A., A. Frenzen, G. Gösseringer, I. Hansen, and M. Berger. "Intensive insulin therapy justifies simplification of the diabetes diet: a prospective study in insulin-dependent diabetic patients." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 45, no. 5 (May 1, 1987): 958–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/45.5.958.

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Venhaus, A. "Intensive insulin therapy justifies simplification of the diabetes diet: a prospective study in insulin-dependent diabetic patients." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 47, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 162–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/47.1.162.

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Bingham, Pauline R., and Matthew C. Riddle. "Combined Insulin-Sulfonylurea Treatment of Type II Diabetes." Diabetes Educator 15, no. 5 (October 1989): 450–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014572178901500516.

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The literature on type II (noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) proposes many forms of treatment. This diversity suggests that there is no single best way to treat this condition. At Oregon Health Sciences University, we have been using the combination of insulin given in the evening and sulfonylurea drugs given during the day as an alternative to multiple-dose insulin regimens when diet or diet and oral hypoglycemic agent therapies do not achieve adequate glucose control. This approach, while effective in our experience, is not widely accepted. This paper reviews the literature on combined insulin and sulfonylurea therapy for treatment of certain stages of type II diabetes, the rationale for use of this therapy, and our experience to date.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-insulin-dependent diabetes – Diet therapy"

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Coates, Philip A. "Assessment of beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity in established non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus : the influence of diet and sulphonylurea therapy." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/34308.

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This thesis reports on studies validating a modification of 'minimal' model analysis of the FSIVGTT to measure insulin resistance specifically in NIDDM subjects and its use along with a mixed meal test incorporating measurement of specific insulin and proinsulin concentrations to quantify changes in beta-cell function and insulin resistance following two years of diet or sulphonylurea treatment in established NIDDM. All NIDDM subjects displayed severe beta-cell dysfunction (post-prandial insulinopenia and hyperproinsulinaemia) and insulin resistance when compared to age and sex matched normals. Therapeutic interventions failed to normalise either of these abnormalities. Dietary therapy resulted in improved glycaemic control, weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity but most especially improved beta-cell function (increased post-prandial insulin secretion, reduced proinsulin concentrations) at the one year assessment. Two years post-diagnosis post-prandial proinsulin concentrations continued to fall whilst insulin concentrations mirrored those at the time of presentation. Sulphonylurea therapy also resulted in improved glycaemic control but with significant weight gain. Insulin sensitivity tripled over the two year period and beta-cell function also improved after initial increases in both post-prandial insulin secretion and proinsulin concentrations at the one year assessment Reduced 'glucose toxicity' appeared to be a major factor affecting the changes in the measured parameters in both groups of subjects. For diet treated individuals, it is suggested that this reduction rapidly maximises beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity to a predetermined level. Maintenance of glycaemic control subsequently is dependent of factors more difficult (diet, exercise, weight) or impossible to control (time). For sulphonylurea treated subjects, reduction in 'glucose toxicity' was important in improving beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity but the drugs themselves exerted an independent effect, especially on sustained increases in insulin secretion. It is suggested that the continuous use of sulphonylureas may play a causal role in the ultimate deterioration in glycaemic control frequently seen in patients who initially appear to benefit from their effects.
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Balfegó, Díaz Mariona. "Diabetis mellitus tipus 2: Impacte metabòlic d'una dieta rica en sardina." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/482042.

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INTRODUCCIÓ: La teràpia nutricional és un dels pilars del tractament de la diabetis tipus 2 (DM2). Diverses organitzacions nacionals i internacionals de nutrició i diabetis recomanen el consum de peix (preferentment peix blau) com a mínim 2 cops a la setmana per prevenir la malaltia cardiovascular. Tot i això, existeixen molt pocs estudis que hagin investigat els efectes de la inclusió del peix blau en el control glucèmic i la sensibilitat a la insulina de pacients amb DM2. OBJECTIUS: L’objectiu primari d’aquesta tesi va ser investigar els efectes d’una dieta rica en sardina en els valors d’hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) de pacients amb DM2 sense tractament antidiabètic. Els objectius secundaris van ser investigar els efectes de la intervenció dietètica en la resistència a la insulina, les concentracions d’adiponectina, marcadors d’inflamació, la pressió arterial, la freqüència cardíaca, el perfil lipídic, la microbiota intestinal, la composició d’àcids grassos en membranes d’eritròcits i la qualitat de vida dels pacients. METODOLOGIA: 35 pacients amb DM2 sense tractament antidiabètic van ser randomitzats per seguir una dieta amb recomanacions generals per la DM2 (grup control: GC), o una dieta amb recomanacions generals per la DM2 enriquida amb 100g de sardina en llauna 5 cops a la setmana (grup sardina: GS) durant 6 mesos. Abans i després de la intervenció dietètica es van determinar l’antropometria, hàbits alimentaris i història dietètica, l’HbA1c, la glucosa, la insulina, l’adiponectina, marcadors d’inflamació, la pressió arterial, la freqüència cardíaca, la composició d’àcids grassos en membranes d’eritròcits i la composició de grups bacterians específics de la microbiota intestinal. Abans i després de la intervenció dietètica també es va avaluar la qualitat de vida dels pacients. RESULTATS: L’HbA1c i la glucosa en dejú van disminuir en els dos grups als 6 mesos de la intervenció dietètica (GS: -0,2 ± 0,1% HbA1c, -9,6 ± 5,4 mg/dL glucosa; GC: -0,3 ± 0,1% HbA1c, -5,2 ± 5,5 mg/dL glucosa) sent només significativa la reducció de l’HbA1c en el GC (p=0,01) respecte els valors basals. Els dos grups d’intervenció van disminuir de manera significativa la insulina plasmàtica (GS: -35%, p=0,01; GC:-22,6%, p=0,02) i el model homeostàtic de resistència a la insulina (HOMA-IR) (SG: -39,2%, p=0,007; CG: -21,8%, p=0,04) als 6 mesos respecte els valors basals. Tot i això, només el GS va incrementar l’adiponectina en plasma en comparació amb l’inici de l’estudi (+40,7%, p=0,04). L’índex omega-3 va augmentar significativament d’un 5,3% a un 8% al GS respecte el GC (p=0,001). Les dues intervencions dietètiques van disminuir les concentracions del fílum Firmicutes (GS i GC: p=0,04) i van incrementar les de grup E. coli (GS: p=0,01, CG: p=0,03) respecte els valors basals. Només el GS va diminuir el ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (p=0,04) i va incrementar el grup Bacteroides- Prevotella (p=0,004). Tot i que la pressió arterial i el perfil lipídic no es van modificar en resposta a la dieta enriquida amb sardina, si va disminuir la freqüència cardíaca (p=0,01). Els pàrametres de qualitat de vida valorats no es van modificar de manera significativa en el GS en comparació amb el GC. CONCLUSIONS: Els resultats d’aquesta tesi suggereixen que la inclusió de 100g de sardina 5 dies a la setmana durant 6 mesos no millora el control glucèmic però podria tenir efectes beneficiosos sobre el risc cardiovascular de pacients amb DM2 aconseguint valors òptims d’índex omega-3. A més, l’increment d’adiponectina observat en el GS podria indicar beneficis en la inflamació metabòlica, i la modificació de bactèries intestinals específiques en resposta a la dieta rica en sardina revela l’estreta relació entre components dietètics i la microbiota intestinal. Igualment, els resultats mostren que tan una dieta amb recomanacions generals per la DM2 com una dieta rica en sardina poden millorar la resistència a la insulina de pacients amb DM2.
BACKGROUND: Nutrition therapy is the cornerstone of treating diabetes mellitus. The inclusion of fish (particularly oily fish) at least two times per week is recommended by current international dietary guidelines for type 2 diabetes. In contrast to a large number of human studies examining the effects of oily fish on different cardiovascular risk factors, little research on this topic is available in patients with type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this thesis was to investigate the effects of a sardine-enriched diet on glycemic control of drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. The secondary objectives were to investigate the effects of the dietary intervention on insuline resistance, adiponectin, inflammatory markers, blood pressure, heart rate, lipid profile, gut microbiota, erythrocyte membrane fatty acid (EMFA) composition and quality of life of drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS: 35 drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes were randomized to follow either a type 2 diabetes standard diet (control group: CG), or a standard diet enriched with 100 g of sardines 5 days a week (sardine group: SG) for 6 months. Anthropometric, dietary information, quality of life evaluation, fasting glycated hemoglobin, glucose, insulin, adiponectin, inflammatory markers, blood pressure, heart rate, EMFA and specific bacterial strains were determined before and after intervention. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in glycated hemoglobin and fasting glucose between groups at the end of the study (SG: -0,2 ± 0,1% HbA1c, -9,6 ± 5,4 mg/dL fasting glucose; CG: -0,3 ± 0,1% HbA1c, -5,2 ± 5,5 mg/dL fasting glucose). Both groups decreased plasma insulin (SG: −35.3 %, P  =  0.01, CG: −22.6 %, P  =  0.02) and homeostasis model of assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (SG: −39.2 %, P  =  0.007, CG: −21.8 %, P  =  0.04) at 6-months from baseline. However only SG increased adiponectin in plasma compared to baseline level (+40.7 %, P  =  0.04). The omega-3 index increased 2.6 % in the SG compared to 0.6 % in the CG (P  =  0.001). Both dietary interventions decreased phylum Firmicutes (SG and CG: P  =  0.04) and increased E. coli concentrations (SG: P  =  0.01, CG: P  =  0.03) at the end of the study from baseline, whereas SG decreased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P  =  0.04) and increased Bacteroides-Prevotella (P  =  0.004) compared to baseline. Although blood pressure and lipid profile did not show any significant changes after the sardine dietary intervention, heart rate only decreased significantly in SG from baseline (P=0.01). The quality life parameters did not differ between groups at the end of the study. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this thesis suggests that the inclusion of 100 g of sardines 5 days a week during 6 months does not improve glycemic control but it could have beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk of drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes by achieving optimal levels of Omega-3 Index. Furthermore, the increase observed in adiponectin levels in SG might indicate beneficial effects on metabolic inflammation, and the gut specific bacterial strains modification in response to sardine diet revealed the close relationship between dietary components and gut microbiota. Additionally, the results show that a diet based on general dietary recomendations for type 2 diabetes and also a diet enriched with sardines could improve insuline resistance of drug-naïve patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Belfer, Bonnee. "Factors associated with diet behaviour among individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus attending an outpatient clinic." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80224.

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Diet recommendations to achieve target metabolic control for prevention of micro and macrovascular complications have been outlined. Although previous studies in individuals with type 2 diabetes have identified certain factors associated with adherence to diet recommendations, adherence is multi-factorial in nature and includes demographic, biological and psychosocial variables. Our main objective was to identify factors associated With dietary behaviour among individuals with type 2 diabetes attending an out-patient clinic. Furthermore, we attempted to identify factors associated with frequency of seeing the dietitian and stages of change far lower fat intake. Principal hypothesis: those who are younger, female, lower in body mass index (BMI), higher in education level, exposed to a dietitian in the past year, higher in stage of change, having greater nutrition knowledge, greater perception of risk and benefits as well as fewer perceived barriers, would consume less total and saturated fat. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Tovi, Jonas. "Insulin treatment of elderly type 2 diabetic patients /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/91-628-3237-9/.

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Landstedt-Hallin, Lena. "Combined sulphonylurea and insulin treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus : metabolic and electrophysiological studies /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4048-7/.

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MacKinnon, Lindsay M. "Self-adjusting doses of oral antihyperglycemic therapy using repaglinide or glyburide in type 2 diabetes : the soaring study." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=98758.

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Cette etude pilote de six mois examinait si l'autogestion (AG) intensive par un agent secreteur d'insuline avait pour consequence une glycemie amelioree en comparaison avec une gestion standard (GS) chez les individus atteints de diabete de type 2. Des patients ont ete randomises soit a l'AG avec du repaglinide (n=8), ou du glyburide (n=6) ou a la GS (n=5). Des analyses biochimiques, alimentaires, comportementales, et d'activite physique ont ete effectuees. Les deux groupes de l'AG ont recu un enseignement d'autogestion en fonction du taux de glucose sanguin et une evaluation nutritionnelle qualitative. Le groupe AG (n=11) a suivi la cedule 65% du temps et a fait des ajustements 29% du temps. Une relation inverse significative a ete trouvee entre le changement de l'Alc et le pourcentage de temps d'ajustements accomplis correctement (r=0.64, p=0.035). La difference de masse corporelle entre l'AG et la GS n'etait pas significative, tout comme la masse corporelle moyenne a six mois. Une recherche plus approfondie avec un echantillon de plus grande taille serait necessaire afin d'explorer les avantages potentiels de la gestion du diabete via l'autogestion de medicaments oraux.
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Slick, Sarah Ellen. "Cardiovascular response to exercise in individuals with non- insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus versus apparently healthy adults." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/897487.

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Although the benefits of exercise to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are well-known, individuals with NIDDM are at risk for macrovascular and microvascular complications associated with an abnormal systolic blood pressure (SBP) elevation during exercise. In order to compare the SBP and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) response between individuals with NIDDM and apparently healthy controls during submaximal exercise, eight individuals representative of each group completed a 10-minute submaximal treadmill exercise trial at 65% of functional capacity. Heart rate, blood pressure and RPE were monitored throughout the trial. Between group comparisons were made for SBP and RPE response, and the frequency of exercise SBP response _> 200 mmHg was investigated. No significant differences were observed in either SBP or RPE response between groups during the submaximal treadmill trials. In addition, none of the subjects from either group achieved a SBP ? 200 mmHg. While this study indicates that exercise at 65% of functional capacity is safe for this particular group of subjects with NIDDM, additional research is warranted to investigate cardiovascular response to exercise in a broader subject pool representative of the entire NIDDM population.
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Acharya, Deepak. "Creating chimeras of human G-protein coupled receptors (HGPR40/43) for diabetic drug development." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/398.

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Puruhita, Niken. "The association of dietary factors with abnormal albuminuria in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Semarang Indonesia /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17661.pdf.

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Fluckey, James D. "The effects of progressive resistance exercises on glucose tolerance in individuals with NIDDM." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/834626.

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This study was conducted to determine if improvements in glucose tolerance could be demonstrated following an acute bout of progressive resistance exercises. Fourteen individuals, not currently weight training, were assigned to two groups using the guidelines established by the WHO for NIDDM and normal (CON), based on the results of a three hour 75 g (-1.2M) load oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Eight blood samples were collected during the OGTT and assayed for glucose, insulin, and C-peptide. Each subject from the NIDDM (n=7) and CON (n=7) groups participated in a familiarization period, including a IRM, with eight different Nautilus selectorized exercise machines utilizing both the upper and lower body. A 3 set x 10 repetition exercise protocol based on the IRM was conducted and followed 18 hours later by another OGTT. Two day diets were replicated from the prior OGTT. Analysis of variance failed to demonstrate significant differences in the total responses or at any specific sampling points from pre to postprotocol for glucose (p=0.53), C-peptide (p=0.07) or the C-peptide:insulin ratio (p=0.16) in either group. Blood insulin levels from pre to postprotocol were significantly reduced (p=0.001) by 24% and 22% for the NIDDM and CON groups, respectively. These data suggest that a single series of progressive resistance exercises improve insulin uptake by the tissues without augmenting glucose disposal.
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Books on the topic "Non-insulin-dependent diabetes – Diet therapy"

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Ellis, Robin. Delicious dishes for diabetics: Eating well with type-2 diabetes. New York: Skyhorse, 2011.

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The good news eating plan for type II diabetes. New York: John Wiley, 1998.

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Tell me what to eat if I have type II diabetes. New York: Rosen, 2009.

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Shafer, Sherri. Diabetes type 2: Complete food management program. Roseville, Calif: Prima Pub., 2001.

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Furst, Stephen. Confessions of a couch potato, or, If I'm so skinny, why do I still feel like flounder? Alexandria, Va: American Diabetes Association, 2002.

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Annette, Maggi, ed. Weight management for type II diabetes: An action plan. Minneapolis, MN: Chronimed, 1997.

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Delicious dishes for diabetics: Eating well with type-2 diabetes. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2012.

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Prevent, treat and reverse diabetes: Nutritional guidelines for Type II diabetics. Summertown, Tenn: Alive Books, 2007.

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Kress, Diane. The diabetes miracle: 3 simple steps to prevent and control diabetes and regain your health-- permanently. Cambridge, Mass: Da Capo Lifelong, 2012.

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Broadhurst, C. Leigh. Prevent, treat and reverse diabetes: Vegetarian nutritional guidelines for Type II diabetics. Summertown, Tenn: Alive Books, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Non-insulin-dependent diabetes – Diet therapy"

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Willms, B. "Acarbose in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: combination with sulfonylureas and interaction with diet." In New Aspects in Diabetes, edited by Pierre J. Lefèbvre and Eberhard Standl, 163–76. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110859447-014.

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Kolaczynski, J. W., and B. J. Goldstein. "The Influence of Obesity on the Development of Non-Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus." In Obesity: Pathology and Therapy, 91–119. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59651-3_4.

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Boussioutas, Alex, Stephen Fox, Iris Nagtegaal, Alexander Heriot, Jonathan Knowles, Michael Michael, Sam Ngan, Kathryn Field, and John Zalcberg. "Colorectal cancer." In Oxford Textbook of Oncology, 444–77. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656103.003.0039.

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This chapter covers colorectal cancer, and includes information on epidemiology, risk factors (chronic inflammation/inflammatory bowel disease, radiation, diet and lifestyle, post cholecystectomy, diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance, cigarette smoking, alcohol, ureterocolic anastamosis, and genetic risk factors, screening, and chemoprevention (aspirin, and NSAIDS), the molecular biology and pathology of colorectal cancer, colorectal carcinoma (location, pathologic prognostic markers, and predictive markers), surgical management (colonic cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, hereditary non-polyposis colonic cancer or HNPCC, presenting as an emergency, treatment of polyp or early cancers, liver and lung metastasis, peritoneal disease, results of surgery and treatment for colon cancer, medical management of early stage disease, adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III disease (T1-4, N1-2M0), adjuvant therapy of patients with resected stage II colon cancer, radiotherapy, multidisciplinary care and special groups, the role of allied teams, and surveillance and follow-up.
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Boussioutas, Alex, Stephen Fox, Iris Nagtegaal, Alexander Heriot, Jonathan Knowles, Michael Michael, Sam Ngan, Kathryn Field, and John Zalcberg. "Colorectal cancer." In Oxford Textbook of Oncology, 444–77. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656103.003.0039_update_001.

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This chapter covers colorectal cancer, and includes information on epidemiology, risk factors (chronic inflammation/inflammatory bowel disease, radiation, diet and lifestyle, post cholecystectomy, diabetes, obesity and insulin resistance, cigarette smoking, alcohol, ureterocolic anastamosis, and genetic risk factors, screening, and chemoprevention (aspirin, and NSAIDS), the molecular biology and pathology of colorectal cancer, colorectal carcinoma (location, pathologic prognostic markers, and predictive markers), surgical management (colonic cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, hereditary non-polyposis colonic cancer or HNPCC, presenting as an emergency, treatment of polyp or early cancers, liver and lung metastasis, peritoneal disease, results of surgery and treatment for colon cancer, medical management of early stage disease, adjuvant chemotherapy for stage III disease (T1-4, N1-2M0), adjuvant therapy of patients with resected stage II colon cancer, radiotherapy, multidisciplinary care and special groups, the role of allied teams, and surveillance and follow-up.
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B. Stentz, Frankie. "Hyperglycemia- and Hyperlipidemia-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress through Human T Lymphocytes and Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAEC)." In Sugar Intake - Risks and Benefits and the Global Diabetes Epidemic. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94427.

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Approximately 65% of patients with T2DM die as a result of cardiovascular disease with hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia being important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Both T2DM and atherosclerosis are considered to be inflammatory processes Human T-lymphocytes (T-cells) and aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) have been shown to be components of plaque formation in atherosclerosis. T cells and HAEC are unique in that in their naive state they have no insulin receptors responsive to insulin but become activated in vitro hyperglycemia and in vivo hyperglycemic conditions such as diabetic ketoacidosis and non-ketotic hyperglycemic conditions. Our studies show that T-cells and HAEC in the presence of high concentrations of glucose /and or the saturated fatty acid (SFA) palmitic acid become activated and express insulin receptors, reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokine elevation, and lipid peroxidation in a time and concentration-dependent manner. Whereas, the unsaturated fatty acid α-linoleic, was not able to activate these cells and had a salutary effect on the activation by glucose and palmitic acid. We have demonstrated that unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) may provide a protective mechanism against the prooxidant effects of hyperglycemia and high SFA such as palmitic acid. Therefore, diet alternations may be beneficial for decreasing hyperglycemia and cardiovascular risks. Studies have shown that lifestyle changes of diet and exercise can reduce the risk of developing diabetes by 58%. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are important risk factors of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, we studied the effects of a High Protein diet versus a High Carbohydrate diet in obese non-diabetic, prediabetic and diabetic subjects for effects on weight loss, blood sugar, lipid levels, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
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Butler, Gary, and Jeremy Kirk. "Hypoglycaemia." In Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, 253–72. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198786337.003.0007.

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• Hypoglycaemia is defined as ‘A plasma glucose concentration low enough to cause symptoms and/or signs of impaired brain function’. • Cut-offs are contentious, ranging from <2.2 to <4.0 mmol/L, and are dependent on age, diagnosis, and also availability/usage of alternative metabolic fuels such as ketones. • May be transient or persistent, dependent on diagnosis. • Causes broadly due to: ◦ decreased glucose including prematurity, inborn errors of metabolism, hypopituitarism, adrenal insufficiency (primary and secondary), and prolonged fasting ◦ increased glucose utilization including infant of diabetic mother, hyperinsulinaemia, perinatal asphyxia, and various syndromes, e.g. Beckwith–Wiedemann. • Endocrine causes of hypoglycaemia include growth hormone deficiency, adrenal insufficiency (primary and secondary), and (?) hypothyroidism. • Metabolic disorders cause hypoglycaemia via impaired: ◦ mobilization of glucose stores ◦ gluconeogenesis ◦ alternative energy sources ◦ liver function. • Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia presents with increased glucose requirements (>8 mg/kg/minute) and non-ketotic hypoglycaemia. Diagnosis confirmed by demonstrating raised/detectable insulin/C-peptide during hypoglycaemia. Genotyping may assist with not only diagnosis but direct therapy (medical and surgical).
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Jordaan, Adele, Mariette Swanepoel, Yvonne Paul, and Terry Jeremy Ellapen. "The Interprofessional Clinical and Therapeutic Team Strategy to Manage Spinal Cord Injuries." In Therapy Approaches in Neurological Disorders. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94850.

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A popular comorbidity of spinal cord injuries is physical deconditioning that frequently prejudice the person to increased risk for secondary non-communicable diseases, such as non-dependent insulin diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, cardiorespiratory diseases, obesity, osteoporosis, arthritis and osteoarthritis. Clinical literature has shown that spinal cord injured individuals have a poor cardiometabolic risk profile that amplifies the likelihood of secondary non-communicable diseases. Components of physical deconditioning include muscle atrophy, decreased aerobic capacity, inflexibility and diminished muscle and endurance. Another problem associated with spinal cord injuries is reliance or dependence on others. The combination of poor physical conditioning and dependence on others often adversely impacts on the individual’s quality of life, limiting their social interaction with others. The adherence to habitual physical activity and exercises has shown to increase conditioning status, improve health and wellbeing, increase independence, and improve confidence and self-image and successful re-integration in community. Therefore it is of paramount importance to increase awareness of the benefits of habitual physical activity and exercise to spinal cord injured patients, medical and clinical practitioners, family and friends. This chapter intends to highlight the health benefits of habitual physical activity in relation to selected secondary non-communicable diseases, and, the importance of interprofessional clinical and therapeutic team strategy to improve the spinal cord injured individuals’ quality of life.
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Alessi, Charles, Larry W. Chambers, and Muir Gray. "Maintain and Increase Blood Supply to the Brain." In Increase your Brainability—and Reduce your Risk of Dementia, 67–100. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860341.003.0004.

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There are two imbalances in diet that increase the risk of dementia: the intake expenditure imbalance and the dietary mix imbalance. It is important to change your food choices Recent research has emphasized the importance of type 2 diabetes (non-insulin dependent) as a factor that increases the risk of dementia. This chapter presents perspectives of what you can do, how your family and friends can help, agencies to seek help from in the community, and types of assistance that can be obtained from the health service to manage type 2 diabetes. Keeping your cholesterol as low as you can and reducing blood pressure is essential. The chapter covers the evidence on statins, as well as the modifiable risk factors affecting blood pressure. The chapter ends by discussing the risks of smoking and smoking cessation support and self-care of atrial fibrillation, beginning with an understanding of the treatment goal and actions to take if the treatment goal is not met or if adverse effects of treatment occur.
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