Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Non-invariance'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Non-invariance.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Gagnon, Olivier. "Limits on Lorentz non-invariance from high energy cosmic rays." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82235.
Full textLadoy, Philippe. "Approche non-standard des séries climatologiques invariance d'échelle et intermittence." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375988513.
Full textLadoy, Philippe. "Approche non-standard des séries climatologiques : invariance d'échelle et intermittence." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040156.
Full textWe study the fluctuations of temperature data over various time and space scales we characterize the fluctuations regimes, the similarities of the behavior and the scales. We state scale invariance and intermittency. Associated with the idea of fractal dimension, these notions are relevant to learn extreme variability of atmospheric phenomena over a wide range of space and time scales. To analyse fluctuations, we use power-spectra of the fast fourier transform. Regimes over which the spectrum varies in simple power law manner have noncharacteristic time scale and thus scale invariant. We show that fluctuations are large (associated with strong intermittency) and are hyperbolic in form. We study both local and regional daily temperature fluctuations between 1951 and 1980. We show that the behaviors are very similar and they allow to quantify sets over which the data are averaged. To learn such behavior over larger areas, we must take into accompt that measuring networks are spatially distributeed in a highly inhomogeneous manner. Their sparseness can be characterized by a fractal dimension. We compute this one and we stress that most intense phenomena will be lost with a sparse set of observating stations. This insufficient dimensional resolution is associated with biases in averaging, difficulties in interpolating measurements to a uniform grid, and problems in calibrating remotely-sensed informations
Hannes, Wolf-Rudiger. "Quantum transport and non-unitary gauge invariance in graphene-based electronic systems." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2683.
Full textDier, Dominik [Verfasser]. "Non-autonomous Cauchy problems governed by forms: maximal regularity and invariance / Dominik Dier." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Fakultät für Mathematik und Wirtschaftswissenschaften, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1067185984/34.
Full textWirth, R. J. Curran Patrick J. "The effects of measurement non-invariance on parameter estimation in latent growth models." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2060.
Full textTitle from electronic title page (viewed Feb. 17, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Psychology." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.
Weismantel, Eric. "Perceptual Salience of Non-accidental Properties." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376610211.
Full textDib, Alaa. "Nonlinear control and visual servoing of autonomous robots." Thesis, Supélec, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011SUPL0014/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the problem of moving and localizing an autonomous mobile robot in its local environments. The first part of the manuscript concerns two basic motion tasks, namely the stabilization and trajectory tracking. Two control strategies were discussed: the integral sliding mode, and the method known as “Immersion and Invariance” for nonlinear control. The second part focuses on both 2D and 3D visual servoing techniques. Image moments were chosen as visual features as they provide a more geometric and intuitive meaning than other features, and they are less sensitive to image noise and other measurement errors. A new approach to visual servoing based on image is herein proposed. It is based on the generation of trajectories directly on the image plane (Calculation of the image features corresponding to a given Cartesian path). This approach ensures that the robustness and stability are extended due to the fact that the initial and desired locations of the camera are close. The trajectories obtained guarantee that the target remains in the field of view of the camera and the corresponding movement of the robot is physically feasible. Experimental tests have been conducted, and satisfactory results have been obtained from both implementations regarding motion control and visual servoing strategies. Although developed and tested in the specific context of a unicycle type robot, this work is generic enough to be applied to other types of vehicles
HEINEMANN, CHRISTINE. "Methodes variationnelles et invariance de jauge : vers une etude non perturbative des theories de yang-mills en dimension 4." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066566.
Full textMarquez, Martin Ivan. "Quantum walks : background geometry and gauge invariance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0698.
Full textThere are many problems that cannot be solved using current classical computers. One manner to approach a solution of these systems is by using quantum computers. However, building a quantum computer is really challenging from the experimental side. Quantum simulators have been capable to solve some of these problems, as they are realizable experimentally. Discrete Time Quantum Walks (DTQWs) have been proved to be an useful tool to quantum simulate physical systems. In the continuous limit, a family of differential equations can be achieved, in particular, the Dirac equation can be recovered. In this thesis we study QWs as possible schemes for quantum simulation. Specifically, we can summarize our results in: i) We introduce a QW-based model in which a brane theory can be simulated in the continuum, opening the possibility to study more general theories with extra dimensions; ii) Electromagnetic gauge invariance in QWs is discussed, presenting some similarities and differences to previous models. This QW model also makes a connection to gauge invariance in lattice gauge theories (LGT); iii) We introduce QWs over non-rectangular lattices, such a triangular or honeycomb structures, for the purpose of simulating the Dirac equation in the continuum. We also extent these models, by introducing local coin operators, that allow us to reproduce the dynamics of quantum particles under a curved space time
Badri, Hicham. "Sparse and Scale-Invariant Methods in Image Processing." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0139/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we present new techniques based on the notions of sparsity and scale invariance to design fast and efficient image processing applications. Instead of using the popular l1-norm to model sparsity, we focus on the use of non-convex penalties that promote more sparsity. We propose to use a first-order approximation to estimate a solution of non-convex proximal operators, which permits to easily use a wide rangeof penalties. We address also the problem of multi-sparsity, when the minimization problem is composed of various sparse terms, which typically arises in problems that require both a robust estimation to reject outliers and a sparse prior. These techniques are applied to various important problems in low-level computer vision such as edgeaware smoothing, image separation, robust integration and image deconvolution. We propose also to go beyond sparsity models and learn non-local spectral mapping with application to image denoising. Scale-invariance is another notion that plays an important role in our work. Using this principle, a precise definition of edges can be derived which can be complementary to sparsity. More precisely, we can extractinvariant features for classification from sparse representations in a deep convolutional framework. Scale-invariance permits also to extract relevant pixels for sparsifying images. We use this principle as well to improve optical ow estimation on turbulent images by imposing a sparse regularization on the local singular exponents instead of regular gradients
Dib, Alaa. "Commande non linéaire et asservissement visuel de robots autonomes." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00795247.
Full textDelorme, Mathieu. "Processus stochastiques et systèmes désordonnés : autour du mouvement Brownien." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEE058/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we study stochastic processes appearing in different areas of statistical physics: Firstly, fractional Brownian motion is a generalization of the well-known Brownian motion to include memory. Memory effects appear for example in complex systems and anomalous diffusion, and are difficult to treat analytically, due to the absence of the Markov property. We develop a perturbative expansion around standard Brownian motion to obtain new results for this case. We focus on observables related to extreme-value statistics, with links to mathematical objects: Levy’s arcsine laws and Pickands’ constant. Secondly, the model of elastic interfaces in disordered media is investigated. We consider the case of a Brownian random disorder force. We study avalanches, i.e. the response of the system to a kick, for which several distributions of observables are calculated analytically. To do so, the initial stochastic equation is solved using a deterministic non-linear instanton equation. Avalanche observables are characterized by power-law distributions at small-scale with universal exponents, for which we give new results
Ipia, Carlos Andrés Palechor. "Deformações e invariâncias em modelos supersimétricos em três e quatro dimensões espaçotemporais." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2017.
Find full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Física, 2017.
As deformações do espaço-tempo têm sido bastante estudadas desde diferentes abordagens tais como a não comutatividade canônica e deformações via álgebras de Hopf, com a motivação de que estas deformações podem aparecer a escalas de altas energias, como por exemplo a escala de Planck. De igual forma, pode-se buscar estender deformações para a estrutura do superespaço e a supersimetria, e assim estudar o comportamento clássico e quântico, como a invariância supersimétrica e renormalizabilidade, em modelos definidos sobre estas estruturas. Dois tipos de deformações possíveis da supersimetria foram estudadas neste trabalho. O primeiro deles envolve a introdução de um produto não comutativo em (3+1) dimensões, que embora seja um produto não associativo e que quebra a álgebra da supersimetria, permite construir um modelo de Wess-Zumino com correções de derivadas de ordem superior do tipo Lee-wick, e que resultam ser invariante sob as transformações da SUSY usual. O segundo tipo de deformação estudado utiliza o conceito de álgebras de Hopf, através de um twist de Drinfel¿d. No caso do modelo de Wess-Zumino em (2 + 1) dimensões, veremos que apesar de que as estruturas sejam construídas de forma consistente e seja possível preservar a álgebra da SUSY usando geradores deformados, o modelo resulta não ser invariante sob esta última e não renormalizável. Também foi usado o formalismo de twist para um modelo de Chern-simons com SUSY N = 2 em (2 + 1) dimensões, que permite construir um modelo invariante de calibre, no entanto a invariância da SUSY não seja evidente. Neste modelo, embora em principio a álgebra da SUSY pode ser preservada pelo uso de geradores deformados, estes tornam-se bastante complicados, dificultando a prova da invariância supersimétrica. Pode-se concluir que existem diferentes formas de deformar as estruturas algébricas da supersimetria e que devido aos vínculos de cada modelo em específico torna-se difícil a construção de modelos que preservem algumas das propriedades importantes de modelos supersimétricos que se estudam, tais como a invariância e renormalização.
The space-time deformations have been well studied using different approaches, like as canonical commutativity and deformations via Hopf algebras, with the motivation of such deformations can appear in high scale energies, for example, planck scales. The same way, they can extend deformations to superspace and supersymmetry structures, and thus, study the quantum and classical behavior, like as the supersymmetry invariance and renormalizability, in models defined on these structures. Two classes of possible transformation of supersymmetry were studied in this work. The first one involves the introduction of one non commutative product in (3 + 1) dimensions, although it is not associative and breaks the supersymmetry algebra. It allows the construction of a Wess- Zumino model with higher order derivatives corrections like as Lee-Wick models, and it is invariant under usual SUSY transformations. The second deformation class studied utilizes the Hopf algebra concept, through Drinfel¿d twist. In the Wess-Zumino case in (2 + 1) dimensions, we can observe, although, the construction of the algebraic structure is consistent and it is possible preserve the SUSY algebra using deformed generators, the model is not invariant under this last and non renormalizable, also the twist formalism was used to Chern-Simons model N = 2 in (2 + 1) dimensions, it allows to construct an invariant gauge model, however the SUSY invariance is not evident. In this model, although the SUSY algebra can be preserved using the deformed generators, they become complicated, making it difficult to prove the supersymmetric invariance. It is possible to conclude that there are different ways to deform the algebraic structures of supersymmetry and because of the constraints of each specific model, it is difficult the construction of models which preserve some important properties of supersymmetry models studies, like as invariance and renormalizability.
Grbčić, Sara. "Linked interpolation and strain invariance in finite-element modelling of micropolar continuum." Thesis, Compiègne, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018COMP2454.
Full textAt the core of this thesis is an alternative continuum theory called the micropolar (Cosserat) continuum theory, developed in order to describe the phenomena which the classical continuum theory is not able to describe. In this theory, in addition to the displacement field, there also exists an independent microrotation field and, in order to completely describe such a material, six material parameters are needed. In the framework of the finite-element method, new finite elements based on the micropolar continuum theory in both linear and geometrically non-linear analysis are developed using the displacement-based approach. In the linear analysis, both two- and three-dimensional set-ups are analysed. In 2D new families of triangular and quadrilateral finite elements with linked interpolation of the kinematic fields are derived. In order to assure convergence of the derived finite elements, they are modified using the Petrov-Galerkin approximation. Their performance is compared against existing conventional micropolar finite elements on a number of micropolar benchmark problems. It is observed that the linked interpolation shows enhanced accuracy in the bending test when compared against the conventional Lagrange micropolar finite element. Next, the weak formulation is extended to 3D and a first-order hexahedral finite element enhanced with the incompatible modes is derived. The element performance is assessed by comparing the numerical results against the available analytical solutions for various boundary value problems, which are shown to be significant for the experimental verification of the micropolar material parameters. It is concluded that the proposed element is highly suitable for the validation of the methodology to determine the micropolar material parameters. In the non-linear part, first- and second-order geometrically nonlinear hexahedral finite elements with Lagrange interpolation are derived. In order to test the performance of the presented finite elements, a pure-bending non-linear micropolar analytical solution is derived. It is observed that the elements converge to the derived solution. The elements are tested on three additional examples where the path-dependence and strain non-invariance phenomena are detected and assessed in the present context. A procedure to overcome the non-invariance anomaly is outlined
van, der Wilk Mark. "Sparse Gaussian process approximations and applications." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/288347.
Full textAlawieh, Aya. "Hybrid and nonlinear control of power converters." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769950.
Full textLangarica, ordoba Diego. "Stabilisation transitoire de systèmes de puissance : une approche unifiée." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112086/document.
Full textAn electric power system (EPS) is a complex network of electrical components used to supply, transmit and use electric power. Its final goal is to provide reliable, secure and uninterrupted service to the end-user, this means, constant voltage and frequency at all time. Nowadays, the trend in electric power production is toward an interconnected network of transmission lines linking generators and loads into large integrated systems. Actually, a power system network is considered the most complex and bigger machine ever built by man since it can span an entire continent. For this reason, improving power system transient stability is of great significance in human society, since if the stability is lost, power collapse may occur in a large populated area and serious damages will be brought to a regional economy and the consumer's comforts. Therefore, considering all issues presented before, this research work tackles the transient stabilization of a multi-machine EPS subject to network disturbances from two approaches: centralization which considers no limitation in information exchange at any point of a given network, and on the other hand, decentralization which assumes the information exchange is not available. To this end, first we introduce a novel control theory to globally stabilize non-globally linearizable triangular systems employing a nonlinear dynamic state-feedback controller, which differs from standard backstepping since the strict-feedback form is no longer required. Then, based on these new ideas, the transient stabilization problem of EPS is solved from a centralized point of view ensuring, under some conditions on the physical parameters of the system, global asymptotic stability of the operating point. Subsequently, using only local measurements available with existing technology, the previous central controller is transformed into a truly decentralized one, provided that the derivative of the active power at each generator can be suitable estimated. Performance of both controllers is tested via numerical simulations considering several fault scenarios using the 10-machine New England benchmark. In contrast to the nonlinear solutions above, we offer an observer--based methodology for decentralized stabilization of large--scale linear time--invariant systems. The originality of this work relies on the fact that each local controller is provided with available local measurements, it implements a deterministic observer to reconstruct the state of the other subsystems and uses in a certainty--equivalent way these estimates in the control law. The observers are designed following the principles of immersion and invariance. Furthermore, the class of systems to which the design is applicable is identified via a linear matrix inequality solution, from which the observer gains are obtained
Condomines, Jean-Philippe. "Développement d’un estimateur d’état non linéaire embarqué pour le pilotage-guidage robuste d’un micro-drone en milieu complexe." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESAE0002.
Full textThis thesis presents the study of an algorithmic solution for state estimation problem of unmanned aerial vehicles, or UAVs. The necessary resort to multiple miniaturized low-cost and low-performance sensors integrated into mini-RPAS, which are obviously subjected to hardspace requirements or electrical power consumption constraints, has led to an important interest to design nonlinear observers for data fusion, unmeasured systems state estimation and/or flight path reconstruction. Exploiting the capabilities of nonlinear observers allows, by generating consolidated signals, to extend the way mini-RPAS can be controlled while enhancing their intrinsic flight handling qualities.That is why numerous recent research works related to RPAS certification and integration into civil airspace deal with the interest of highly robust estimation algorithm. Therefore, the development of reliable and performant aided-INS for many nonlinear dynamic systems is an important research topic and a major concern in the aerospace engineering community. First, we have proposed a novel approach for nonlinear state estimation, named pi-IUKF (Invariant Unscented Kalman Filter), which is based on both invariant filter estimation and UKF theoretical principles. Several research works on nonlinear invariant observers have been led and provide a geometrical-based constructive method for designing filters dedicated to nonlinear state estimation problems while preserving the physical properties and systems symmetries. The general invariant observer guarantees a straightforward form of the nonlinear estimation error dynamics whose properties are remarkable. The developed pi-IUKF estimator suggests a systematic approach to determine all the symmetry-preserving correction terms, associated with a nonlinear state-space representation used for prediction, without requiring any linearization of the differential equations. The exploitation of the UKF principles within the invariant framework has required the definition of a compatibility condition on the observation equations. As a first result, the estimated covariance matrices of the pi-IUKF converge to constant values due to the symmetry-preserving property provided by the nonlinear invariant estimation theory. The designed pi-IUKF method has been successfully applied to some relevant practical problems such as the estimation of Attitude and Heading for aerial vehicles using low-cost AH reference systems (i.e., inertial/magnetic sensors characterized by low performances). In a second part, the developed methodology is used in the case of a mini-RPAS equipped with an aided Inertial Navigation System (INS) which leads to augment the nonlinear state space representation with both velocity and position differential equations. All the measurements are provided on board by a set of low-cost and low-performance sensors (accelerometers, gyrometers, magnetometers, barometer and even Global Positioning System (GPS)). Our designed pi-IUKF estimation algorithm is described and its performances are evaluated by exploiting successfully real flight test data. Indeed, the whole approach has been implemented onboard using a data logger based on the well-known Paparazzi system. The results show promising perspectives and demonstrate that nonlinear state estimation converges on a much bigger set of trajectories than for more traditional approaches
Silva, Antônio José Gomes Carvalho. "Aspectos perturbativos das Teorias com a quebra da simetria de Lorentz." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2017. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/9544.
Full textMade available in DSpace on 2017-09-18T12:14:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2895129 bytes, checksum: 572a06d99b50bb3cd9314e80d1c5b3c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-27
Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
In this dissertation, we study the possibility of violation of the Lorentz invariance taking into account some terms of the standard extended model, more specifically, the part of this model that deals with the extended quantum electrodynamics. We perform quantum corrections in the fermionic sector of the usual quantum electrodynamics added with terms that violate the Lorentz symmetries and in two different configurations. First, the coefficient added and that causes the Lorentz symmetry breaking is introduced through the constant pseudo-tensor Ic juvAp And we treat the constant electric and magnetic fields, that is, we do not evaluate as external leg between the coupling of the photon and fermions, evaluating the field FAp Without opening in term of the gauge field. In the second case, we investigated the operators governed by the coefficient of interaction FAp open in term of the gauge field. In the second case, we investigated the mixed contribution of the minimum and non-minimum coupling. We immediately know that for each coupling evaluated will have their respective vertices. For both cases, we calculate the quantum corrections in a loop. In the first case, the theory with the coefficient Ic juvAp and field FAp without being opened at the end of the gauge field AP, The contribution of a loop and we calculate the counter-ter, having a CPT-par characteristic, which will be useful to be introduced in action to eliminate divergences. In the second case, we examined the contribution of a loop, considering the mixture of minimum and non-minimum coupling, that is, and and and an external one AP, having a CPT-par characteristic, One related to the non-minimum coupling and another to the minimum, respectively and verifying the vertex correction also having the contribution of its counter-term.
Nesta dissertagao, estudamos a possibilidade de violagao da invariancia de Lorentz levando em conta alguns termos do modelo padrao estendido, mais especificamente da parte do modelo que trata da eletrodinamica quantica estendida. Realizamos corregoes quanticas no setor fermiOnico da eletrodinamica quantica usual adicionada de termos que violam as simetrias de Lorentz e em duas configuragoes diferentes. Primeiramente, o coeficiente adicionado e que ocasiona a quebra de simetria de Lorentz é introduzida atraves do pseudo-tensor constante is juvAp e tratamos os campos eletricos e magneticos constantes, ou seja, nao avaliamos como perna externas entre o acoplamento do fOton e fermions, avaliando o campo FAp sem abrir em termo do campo de gauge. No segundo caso, investigamos a contribuigao mista do acoplamento minim° e nao-minimo. De imediato sabemos que para cada acoplamento avaliado tera seus respectivo vertices. Para os dois casos, calculamos as corregoes quanticas em um lago. No primeiro caso, a teoria com o coeficiente I c juvAp e campo FAp sem ser aberto em termo do campo de gauge AP, a contribuigao de um lago e calculamos a pega de polo, tendo uma caracteristica CPT-par, que sera iltil para ser introduzida na agao para eliminar as divergencias. No segundo caso, nos examinamos a contribuigao de um lago, considerando a mistura dos acoplamento minimo e nao-minimo, ou seja, um Fill, e um externo AP, tendo como caracteristica CPT-impar um relacionado ao acoplamento nao-minimo e outro ao minimo, respectivamente e verificando a corregao de vertice tendo tambem a contribuigao do seu contra termo.
Akrour, Nawal. "Simulation stochastique des précipitations à fine échelle : application à l'observation en milieu urbain." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV014/document.
Full textPrecipitations are highly variable across a wide range of both spatial and temporal scales. This variability is a major source of uncertainty for the measurement and modeling, also for the simulation and prediction. Moreover, rainfall is an extremely intermittent process with multiple scale invariance regimes. The rain-field generator developed during the thesis is based on the fine-scale statistic modeling of rain by the mean of its heterogeneity and intermittency. The modeling originality partially rest on the analysis of fine-scale disdrometer data. This model differs from other existing models whose resolution is roughly a minute or even an hour or a day. It provides simulations with realistic properties across a wide range ofscales. This simulator produces time series with statistical characteristics almost identical to the observations both at the 15s resolution and, after degradation, at hourly or daily resolutions. The multi-scale properties of our simulator are obtained through a hybrid approach that relies on a fine scale simulation of rain events using a multifractal generator associated with a rain support simulation based on a Poissonian-type hypothesis. A final re-normalization step of the rain rate is added in order to adapt the generator to the relevant climate area. The simulator allows the generation of 2D water-sheets. The methodology developed in the first part is extended to the 2 Dimension case. The multi-scale 2D stochastic simulator thus developed can reproduce geostatistical and topological characteristics at the spatial resolution of 1x1 km2.This generator is used in the scope of the feasability study of a new observation system for urban area. The principle of this system is based on the opportunistic use of attenuation measurements provided by geostationary TV satellites which radio waves lay in the 10.7 to 12.7 GHz bandwidth. More specifically it is assumed that the SAT-TV reception terminals installed in private homes are able to measure such attenuations. At this stage of the study we do not have such observations. The study is therefore based on rainfall maps generated using the 2D generator in addition to a hypothetical sensor network. The considered observation system will allow to estimate precipitation fields (30 x 30 km2) with a spatial resolution of 0.5x0.5 km2
Meunier, Claude. "Quelques problèmes non-linéaires en hydrodynamique et en physique des plasmas : théorèmes de moyennisation et théorèmes adiabatiques." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066126.
Full textAndersen, Michael Steven. "The Existence of a Discontinuous Homomorphism Requires a Strong Axiom of Choice." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4299.
Full textFontanari, Daniele. "Quantum manifestations of the adiabatic chaos of perturbed susperintegrable Hamiltonian systems." Thesis, Littoral, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DUNK0356/document.
Full textThe abundance, among physical models, of perturbations of superintegrable Hamiltonian systems makes the understanding of their long-term dynamics an important research topic. While from the classical standpoint the situation, at least in many important cases, is well understood through the use of Nekhoroshev stability theorem and of the adiabatic invariants theory, in the quantum framework there is, on the contrary, a lack of precise results. The purpose of this thesis is to study a perturbed superintegrable quantum system, obtained from a classical counterpart by means of geometric quantization, in order to highlight the presence of indicators of superintegrability analogues to the ones that characterize the classical system, such as the coexistence of regular motions with chaotic one, due to the effects of resonances, opposed to the regularity in the non resonant regime. The analysis is carried out by studying the Husimi distributions of chosen quantum states, with particular emphasis on stationary states and evolved coherent states. The computation are performed using both numerical methods and perturbative schemes. Although this should be considered a preliminary work, the purpose of which is to lay the fundations for future investigations, the results obtained here give interesting insights into quantum dynamics. For instance, it is shown how classical resonances exert a considerable influence on the spectrum of the quantum system and how it is possible, in the quantum behaviour, to find a trace of the classical adiabatic invariance in the resonance regime
L'abbondanza, fra i modelli fisici, di perturbazioni di sistemi Hamiltoniani superintegrabili rende la comprensione della loro dinamica per tempi lunghi un importante argomento diricerca. Mentre dal punto di vista classico la situazione, perlomeno in molti case importanti, è ben compresa grazie all'uso del teorema di stabilità di Nekhoroshev e della teoria degli invariantiadiabatici, nel caso quantistico vi è, al contrario, una mancanza di risultati precisi. L'obiettivo di questa tesi è di studiare un sistema superintegrabile quantistico, ottenuto partendo da un corrispettivo classico tramite quantizzazione geometrica, al fine di evidenziare la presenza di indicatori di supertintegrabilità analoghi a quelliche caratterizzano il sistema classico, come la coesistenza di moti regolari e caotici, dovuta all'effetto delle risonanze, in contrapposizione con la regolarità nel regime non risonante. L'analisi è condotta studiando le distribuzioni di Husimi di stati quantistici scelti, con particolare enfasi posta sugli stati stazionari e sugli stati coerenti evoluti. I calcoli sono effettuati sia utilizzando tecniche numeriche che schemi perturbativi. Pur essendo da considerardi questo un lavoro preliminare, il cui compito è di porre le fondamenta per analisi future, i risultati qui ottenuti offrono interessanti spunti sulla dinamica quantistica. Per esempio è mostrato come le risonanze classiche abbiano un chiaro effeto sullo spettro del sistema quantistico, ed inoltre comesia possibile trovare una traccia, nel comportamento quantistico, dell'invarianza adiabatica classica nel regime risonante
Persi, Erez. "Contrast and tuning response properties of neurons in the visual cortex : modeling and data analysis." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066216.
Full textAfin d’étudier les bases du codage de l’orientation et du contraste par les neurones du cortex visuel primaire (V1), nous avons utilisé une approche à la fois théorique et expérimentale. Nous analysons dans un premier temps et de façon théorique, comment l’activité émergente dans V1 dépend des propriétés d’entrée des neurones corticaux, de leur fonction de transfert « entrée-sortie » et des différents patrons de connectivité à l’intérieur de cette même structure. Nous nous penchons ensuite sur les différentes sources d’entrées d’un modèle d’hyper-colonne, en caractérisant les conditions qui permettent à la fois une sélectivité à l’orientation indépendante du contraste et une fonction de réponse au contraste (CRF) sigmoïde. De plus, nous soulignons le rôle des relations entre les propriétés intrinsèques des neurones et les propriétés du réseau. Plus précisément, nous montrons que les non-linéarités dans la fonction de transfert « entrée-sortie », caractérisées par une loi de puissance, entraînent l’étrécissement à la fois de la courbe de sélectivité à l’orientation et de la CRF dans V1. La saturation de la CRF résulte, elle, d’une inhibition corticale à fort contraste, ce qui est aisément réalisé avec des fonctions de transfert basées sur des lois de puissance. Dans un deuxième temps, nous analysons des données expérimentales provenant à la fois d’enregistrements in vitro et in vivo et montrons que les hypothèses clés de notre modèle sont en accord avec les comportements neuronaux. Un point central de notre étude est d’expliquer la diversité des paramètres de la CRF. Nous montrons que le modèle justifie cette diversité par l’hétérogénéité des propriétés du neurone lui-même ou de ses afférences thalamiques. De plus, les données expérimentales indiquent qu’il y a une contribution à part égale des deux types d’hétérogénéités. Les principes présentés ici sont valables pour d’autres aires visuelles et peuvent être appliqué d’autres mécanismes du traitement de l’information visuelle
Dellinger, Marie. "Etude asymptotique et multiplicité pour l'équation de Sobolev Poincaré." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00261595.
Full texton considère une edp elliptique non linéaire à exposant critique particulière : l'équation de Sobolev Poincaré. D'une part, nous décrivons le comportement asymptotique d'une suite de solutions de cette équation grâce à une analyse fine de phénomènes de concentration. D'autre part, en imposant des invariances par des groupes d'isométries, nous montrons des résultats de multiplicité de solutions pour cette équation. Notre méthode permet aussi d'obtenir des multiplicités de solutions pour des équations plus classiques provenant du problème deYamabe et de Nirenberg, ainsi que
pour des équations à exposants sur critiques. Notre travail est intimement lié à la description des meilleures constantes dans des inégalités fonctionnelles de Sobolev associées aux équations.
Bouatta, Nazim. "String field theory, non-commutativity and higher spins." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210481.
Full textIn Chapter 2, we give a brief review of vacuum string field theory (VSFT), an approach to open string field theory around the stable vacuum of the tachyon. We discuss the sliver state explaining its role as projector in the space of half-string basis. We review the construction of D-brane solutions in vacuum string field theory. We show that in the sliver basis the star product correspond to a matrix product.
Using the material introduced in the previous chapters, in Chapter 3 we establish a translation dictionary between open and closed strings, starting from open string field theory. Under this correspondence, we show that (off--shell) level--matched closed string states are represented by star algebra projectors in open string field theory. As an outcome of our identification, we show that boundary states, which in closed string theory represent D-branes, correspond to the identity string field in the open string side.
We then turn to noncommutative field theories. In Chapter 4, we introduce the framework in which we will work. The tools introduced are solitons, projectors, and partial isometries.
The ideas of Chapter 4 are applied to specific examples in Chapter 5, where we present new solutions of noncommutative gauge theories in which coincident vortices expand into circular shells. As the theories are noncommutative, the naive definition of the locations of the vortices and shells is gauge-dependent, and so we define and calculate the profiles of these solutions using the gauge-invariant noncommutative Wilson lines introduced by Gross and Nekrasov. We find that charge 2 vortex solutions are characterized by two positions and a single nonnegative real number, which we demonstrate is the radius of the shell. We find that the radius is identically zero in all 2-dimensional solutions. If one considers solutions that depend on an additional commutative direction, then there are time-dependent solutions in which the radius oscillates, resembling a braneworld description of a cyclic universe. There are also smooth BIon-like space-dependent solutions in which the shell expands to infinity, describing a vortex ending on a domain wall.
In Chapter 6, we review the Fronsdal models for free high-spin fields that exhibit peculiar properties. We discuss the triplet structure of totally symmetric tensors of the free String Field Theory and their generalization to AdS background.
In Chapter 7, in the context of massless higher spin gauge fields in constant curvature spaces discussed in chapter 6, we compute the surface charges which generalize the electric charge for spin one, the color charges in Yang-Mills theories and the energy-momentum and the angular momentum for asymptotically flat gravitational fields. We show that there is a one-to-one map from surface charges onto divergence free Killing tensors. These Killing tensors are computed by relating them to a cohomology group of the first quantized BRST model underlying the Fronsdal action.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Controzzi, Davide. "Non perturbative aspects of strongly correlated electron systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343661.
Full textSalaün, Erwan. "Algorithmes de filtrage et systèmes avioniques pour véhicules aériens autonomes." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00554437.
Full textKazi-Tani, Mohamed Nabil. "Analysis of Backward SDEs with Jumps and Risk Management Issues." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2012. https://pastel.hal.science/docs/00/78/21/54/PDF/these.pdf.
Full textThis PhD dissertation deals with issues in management, measure and transfer of risk on the one hand and with problems of stochastic analysis with jumps under model uncertainty on the other hand. The first chapter is dedicated to the analysis of Choquet integrals, as non necessarily law invariant monetary risk measures. We first establish a new representation result of convex comonotone risk measures, then a representation result of Choquet integrals by introducing the notion of local distortion. This allows us then to compute in an explicit manner the inf-convolution of two Choquet integrals, with examples illustrating the impact of the absence of the law invariance property. Then we focus on a non-proportional reinsurance pricing problem, for a contract with reinstatements. After defining the indifference price with respect to both a utility function and a risk measure, we prove that is is contained in some interval whose bounds are easily calculable. Then we pursue our study in a time dynamic setting. We prove the existence of bounded solutions of quadratic backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs for short) with jumps, using a direct fixed point approach. Under an additional standard assumption, or under a convexity assumption of the generator, we prove a uniqueness result, thanks to a comparison theorem. Then we study the properties of the corresponding non-linear expectations, we obtain in particular a non linear Doob-Meyer decomposition for g-submartingales and their regularity in time. As a consequence of this results, we obtain a converse comparison theorem for our class of BSDEs. We give applications for dynamic risk measures and their dual representation, and compute their inf-convolution, with some explicit examples, when the filtration is generated by both a Brownian motion and an integer valued random measure. The second part of this PhD dissertation is concerned with the analysis of model uncertainty, in the particular case of second order BSDEs with jumps. These equations hold P-almost surely, where P lies in a wide family of probability measures, corresponding to solutions of some martingale problems on the Skorohod space of càdlàg paths. We first extend the definition given by Soner, Touzi and Zhang of second order BSDEs to the case with jumps. For this purpose, we prove an aggregation result, in the sense of Soner, Touzi and Zhang, on the Skorohod space D. This allows us to use a quasi-sure version of the canonical process jump measure compensator. Then we prove a wellposedness result for our class of second order BSDEs. These equations include model uncertainty, affecting both the volatility and the jump measure of the canonical process
Amraoui, Samira. "Assimilation de données pour la géophysique externe : la méthode du back-and-forth nudging." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AZUR4097.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to provide a general methodology to use a recently developed data assimilation method called back-and-forth nudging. The name «back-and-forth» referred to the successive back-and-forths in time performed by this method until obtaining a suitable estimation of the state. The back-and-forth nudging method is a low-computational method known for its simplicity of implementation, as it does not require any differentiation of complex operators and any optimization process contrary to variational methods. In addition, it does not require estimation of covariance errors as for sequential methods. This method is able to provide a state estimation over a finite-time domain, which is particularly interesting for chaotic problems highly sensitive to perturbation of initial condition or constant parameters. First, we aim to address the main difficulty of back-and-forth nudging method which is to maintain the continuity of error convergence at the switching times between forward and backward dynamics. To overcome this problem, we have shown the existence of a common Lyapunov function for both dynamics. This convergence result has been found out for a large class of non-autonomous and non-linear dynamics to estimate initial condition as well as model parameter. The second axis is dedicated to the study of physical properties alteration, this phenomenon had been noticed in past experiments using standard nudging method. These alterations are due to the very nature of the method, modifying the physical structure by injecting directly in the model an innovation term. We have demonstrated that data injection using back-and-forth nudging far less invasive for the physical dynamics than using standard nudging. Finally, in order to validate the efficiency of the method in a realistic context, we have investigated the assimilation of operational data from the future SWOT satellite mission in order to provide ocean dynamics estimation at every layer of Gulf-Stream's oceanic region. After a theoretical study of error convergence with the multi-layered quasi-geostrophic model, the method has been tested numerically with imperfect data by injecting additional noise, in order to guarantee the robustness of the method
Dubail, Jerome. "Conditions aux bords dans des theories conformes non unitaires." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555624.
Full textRiah, Rachid. "Théorie des ensembles pour le contrôle robuste des systèmes non linéaires : Application à la chimiothérapie et les thérapies anti-angiogéniques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT090/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at using the mathematical modeling with advanced control tools to guide therapies for the contraction of the tumor. The aims of this thesis are the contribution to the development of the set-theoretic methods for robust control of nonlinear systems and the development of analytical tools for the analysis and control of tumor growth in presence of chemotherapy and/oranti-angiogenic therapy. Generically, in the context of control theory, techniques that are theoretically based on some properties of subsets of the system state space could be referred as set-theoretic methods.In the first part, we review the definitions, concepts and tools of the existing set-theoretic methods in the literature to respond effectively to the control issues of linear and nonlinear systems with hard constraints and uncertainties. In this context, we are interested in two properties of sets that are invariance and contractiveness. The problems associated with the stability of the systems may be formulated in terms of calculation of their domain of attraction. For development purposes, we recall methods from the literature for characterizing these domains of attraction for linear and nonlinear systems. An important application of these methods is the control of tumor growth in the presence of different treatments. For this application, several constraints can be imposed in order to avoid the patient intoxications during the treatments and the set-theoretic methods can consider easily these constraints. For this latter application, we propose a methodology to estimate the domains of attraction for the mathematical models chosen to simulate the tumor growth.In the second part, we propose set-theoretic methods for the characterization of the domains ofattraction for linear and nonlinear uncertain systems. At the beginning, we develop sufficient conditions for the invariance and contractiveness of an ellipsoid for saturated systems. These conditions allow implicitly determining a local Lyapunov function. We will show that the proposed approach is less conservative than those in the literature, and we give an algorithm for characterizing the invariant ellipsoids. For uncertain nonlinear systems, we develop a sufficient condition for the robust controlled invariance in the case of parametric uncertainties. A method based on this condition is developed for characterizing the domains of attraction for nonlinear systems with these uncertainties. Then we focus on the study of nonlinear systems with additive uncertainties, and we also give a method for the characterization of their domains of attraction. These methods are easily treatable using convex optimization tools.In the third part, we develop numerical tools for characterizing the domains of attraction for themodels of tumor growth in the presence of treatments, particularly chemotherapy and anti-angiogenictreatment. These domains contain all the states of the patients for whom effective treatment protocols exist. In this context, we consider that the models are uncertain and in particular the parameters that are unknown in practice. These tools are based on the methods developed in this thesis. Several useful informations for effective tumor therapy can be extracted from these domains
Mattei, Giovanni. "Robust nonlinear control : from continuous time to sampled-data with aerospace applications." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112025/document.
Full textThe dissertation deals with the problems of stabilization and control of nonlinear systems with deterministic model uncertainties. First, in the context of uncertain systems analysis, we introduce and explain the basic concepts of robust stability and stabilizability. Then, we propose a method of stabilization via state-feedback in presence of unmatched uncertainties in the dynamics. The recursive backstepping approach allows to compensate the uncertain terms acting outside the control span and to construct a robust control Lyapunov function, which is exploited in the subsequent design of a compensator for the matched uncertainties. The obtained controller is called recursive Lyapunov redesign. Next, we introduce the stabilization technique through Immersion \& Invariance (I\&I) as a tool to improve the robustness of a given nonlinear controller with respect to unmodeled dynamics. The recursive Lyapunov redesign is then applied to the attitude stabilization of a spacecraft with flexible appendages and to the autopilot design of an asymmetric air-to-air missile. Contextually, we develop a systematic method to rapidly evaluate the aerodynamic perturbation terms exploiting the deterministic model of the uncertainty. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is highlighted through several simulations in the second case-study considered. In the final part of the work, the technique of I\& I is reformulated in the digital setting in the case of a special class of systems in feedback form, for which constructive continuous-time solutions exist, by means of backstepping and nonlinear domination arguments. The sampled-data implementation is based on a multi-rate control solution, whose existence is guaranteed for the class of systems considered. The digital controller guarantees, under sampling, the properties of manifold attractivity and trajectory boundedness. The control law, computed by finite approximation of a series expansion, is finally validated through numerical simulations in two academic examples and in two case-studies, namely the cart-pendulum system and the rigid spacecraft
Santamaria, Julian Andres Jaimes. "Extensão do modelo Raise and Peel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/76/76131/tde-04102011-164557/.
Full textThe raise and peel model is a one-dimensional nonlocal stochastic model where adsorption happens locally and desorption is nonlocal. The model depends on the single parameter u that is the ratio among the desorption and adsorption rates. At a special value of this parameter (u = 1) the model has interesting features. The spectrum is described by a conformal field theory (central charge c = 0), and its stationary probability density is related to the equilibrium distribution of a two dimensional system. The phase diagram of the model, as a function of the parameter u, has a massive phase (gapped phase) and a massless (gapless phase) whose critical exponents vary continuously with u. In this monography we study a one-parameter extension of the raise and peel model at u = 1, that depends on the additional parameter p. The new model exhibits conformal invariance for the whole range of values of its parameter p, and it is in the same universality class as the usual raise and peel model. The single difference between the models is the value of the sound velocity vs(p) which is a function of p. The methods used in this monography are the exact diagonalization of the evolution operator of the stochastic model (Hamiltonian), for small lattice sizes and Monte Carlo simulations.
Tagne, Fokam Gilles. "Commande et planification de trajectoires pour la navigation de véhicules autonomes." Thesis, Compiègne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014COMP2004/document.
Full textMy research focuses on trajectory planning and control of autonomous vehicles. This work is a part of an extremely ambitious project launched by the Heudiasyc laboratory about autonomous driving at high speed (longitudinal speed greater to 5m/s ~= 18 km/h). With regard to the control of autonomous vehicles at high speed, a lateral controler using higher-order sliding mode control is proposed. Given the implicit similarity between the sliding mode and the principle of immersion and invariance, two controllers using the principle of immersion and invariance have been subsequently proposed in order to improve the performance with respect to the sliding mode. The development of these new controllers shows very strong robust stability which leads us to study the intrinsic properties of the system. A study of the passivity properties of the system is also crried out, showing some interesting characteristics of the system. Hence, a robust passivity-based controller has been developed. Regarding the navigation, we have developed two navigation algorithms based on the tentacles method. Subsequently, a feasibility study of trajectory generation strategies for high speed driving is conducted. The outcome of the simulation proved that the algorithms gave out good results with respect to the expected ogjectives of obstacle avoidance and global reference path following. Control and motion planning algorithms developed were validated offline by simulation with real data. They have been also tested on a realistic simulator
Kazi-Tani, Mohamed Nabil. "Etude des EDS rétrogrades avec sauts et problèmes de gestion du risque." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00782154.
Full textPezzotti, Simone. "DFT-MD simulations and theoretical SFG spectroscopy to characterize H-Bonded networks at aqueous interfaces : from hydrophobic to hydrophilic environments Structural definition of the BIL and DL: a new universal methodology to rationalize non-linear χ(2)(ω) SFG signals at charged interfaces, including χ(3)(ω) contributions What the Diffuse Layer (DL) Reveals in Non-Linear SFG Spectroscopy 2D H-Bond Network as the Topmost Skin to the Air-Water Interface Combining ab-initio and classical molecular dynamics simulations to unravel the structure of the 2D-HB-network at the air-water interface 2D-HB-Network at the air-water interface: A structural and dynamical characterization by means of ab initio and classical molecular dynamics simulations Spectroscopic BIL-SFG Invariance Hides the Chaotropic Effect of Protons at the Air-Water Interface Molecular hydrophobicity at a macroscopically hydrophilic surface Graph theory for automatic structural recognition in molecular dynamics simulations DFT-MD of the (110)-Co3O4 cobalt oxide semiconductor in contact with liquid water, preliminary chemical and physical insights into the electrochemical environment." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE008.
Full textImproving our knowledge on water H-Bonded networks formed in the special environment offered by an interface is pivotal for our understanding of many natural phenomena and technological applications. To reveal the interfacial water arrangement, techniques able to provide detailed microscopic information selectively for the interfacial layer are required. In the present thesis work, we have hence investigated aqueous interfaces at the molecular level, by coupling theoretical modeling from DFT-MD simulations with SFG & THz-IR spectroscopies. By developing new investigation protocols/tools, coupling DFT-MD simulations and SFG spectroscopy, in particular for the more complex rationalization of charged interfaces, we have provided a global comprehension of the effect of various interfacial conditions (hydrophilicity, pH, ionic strength) on the HB-Network formed in the interfacial layer (BIL), on its spectroscopic signatures and on its impact on physico-chemical properties. We have shown for the first time that, in sufficiently hydrophobic conditions, BIL interfacial water creates special 2-Dimensional HB-Networks, experimentally revealed by one specific THz-IR marker band. Such 2D-network dictates HBs and orientational dynamics of interfacial water, surface potential, surface acidity, water surface tension and thermodynamics of hydration of hydrophobic solutes. Such "horizontal ordering” of water at hydrophobic interfaces is found opposite to the “vertical ordering” of water at hydrophilic interfaces, while coexistence of the two orders leads to disordered interfacial water in intermediate hydrophilic/hydrophobic conditions. Both DFT-MD and SFG further revealed how ions & pH conditions alter these BIL-water orders
"Evaluation of Five Effect Size Measures of Measurement Non-Invariance for Continuous Outcomes." Doctoral diss., 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.53458.
Full textDissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Psychology 2019
"The effects of measurement non-invariance on parameter estimation in latent growth models." THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA AT CHAPEL HILL, 2009. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3331053.
Full textGhavidel, Seyedeh Marzieh [Verfasser]. "Existence and flow invariance of solutions to non-autonomous partial differential delay equations / vorgelegt von Seyedeh Marzieh Ghavidel." 2007. http://d-nb.info/989806693/34.
Full text"Sensitivity Analysis of Longitudinal Measurement Non-Invariance: A Second-Order Latent Growth Model Approach with Ordered-Categorical Indicators." Doctoral diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.39426.
Full textDissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Psychology 2016
Beaulieu, Julien. "La contribution de la stéréoscopie à la constance de forme." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10730.
Full textThis study was conducted to evaluate the contribution of stereopsis to the shape constancy phenomenon. Four groups of eight participants each were asked to perform a visual exploration task. The first group was exposed to a stereoscopic stimulation, the second group was exposed to a reversed stereoscopic stimulation, the third group was exposed to a monocular stimulation with textures and shadow and the fourth group was exposed to a monocular stimulation with shadow only. Response times and error rates were used to measure participant's performance. Results show an interaction between rotation effects (familiar viewpoints vs. non-familiar viewpoints) and available depth cues (stereopsis, reversed stereopsis, textures and shadow, shadow only). The rotation cost was smaller in the group exposed to a reversed stereoscopic stimulation. These results are congruent with the use of tridimensional representations underlying visual processing.
Sarkar, Joykrishna. "Measurement invariance of health-related quality of life: a simulation study and numeric example." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/4241.
Full textMoyer, Eric. "Examining the invariance of item and person parameters estimated from multilevel measurement models when distribution of person abilities are non-normal." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21290.
Full texttext
Benrhaiem, Rania. "Méthodes d’analyse de mouvement en vision 3D : invariance aux délais temporels entre des caméras non synchronisées et flux optique par isocontours." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18469.
Full textIn this thesis we focused on two computer vision subjects. Both of them concern motion analysis in a dynamic scene seen by one or more cameras. The first subject concerns motion capture using unsynchronised cameras. This causes many correspondence errors and 3D reconstruction errors. In contrast with existing material solutions trying to minimize the temporal delay between the cameras, we propose a software solution ensuring an invariance to the existing temporal delay. We developed a method that finds the good correspondence between points regardless of the temporal delay. It solves the resulting spatial shift and finds the correct position of the shifted points. In the second subject, we focused on the optical flow problem using a different approach than the ones in the state of the art. In most applications, optical flow is used for real-time motion analysis. It is then important to be performed in a reduced time. In general, existing optical flow methods are classified into two main categories: either precise and dense but computationally intensive, or fast but less precise and less dense. In this work, we propose an alternative solution being at the same time, fast and precise. To do this, we propose extracting intensity isocontours to find corresponding points representing the related optical flow. By addressing these problems we made two major contributions.
Gadjagboui, Bourgeois Biova Irenee. "Memory in non-Abelian gauge theory." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/23768.
Full textThis project addresses the study of the memory effect. We review the effect in electromagnetism, which is an abelian gauge theory. We prove that we can shift the phase factor by performing a gauge transformation. The gauge group is U(1). We extend the study to the nonabelian gauge theory by computing the memory in SU(2) which vanishes up to the first order Taylor expansion. Keywords: Memory Effect, Aharonov-Bohm effect, Nonabelian Gauge Theory, Supersymmetry
GR2018
Yokono, Jerry Jun, and Tomaso Poggio. "Evaluation of sets of oriented and non-oriented receptive fields as local descriptors." 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30454.
Full textMoevus, Antoine. "Evaluating perceptual maps of asymmetries for gait symmetry quantification and pathology detection." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12830.
Full textThe gait movement is an essential process of the human activity and also the result of coordinated effort between the neurological, articular and musculoskeletal systems. This motivates why gait analysis is important and also increasingly used nowadays for the (possible early) diagnosis of many different types (neurological, muscular, orthopedic, etc.) of diseases. This paper introduces a novel method to quickly visualize the different parts of the body related to an asymmetric movement in the human gait of a patient for daily clinical. The goal is to provide a cheap and easy-to-use method to measure the gait asymmetry and display results in a perceptually relevant manner. This method relies on an affordable consumer depth sensor, the Kinect. The Kinect was chosen because this device is amenable for use in small, confined area, like a living room. Also, since it is marker-less, it provides a fast non-invasive diagnostic. The algorithm we are going to introduce relies on the fact that a healthy walk has (temporally shift-invariant) symmetry properties in the coronal plane.
Desrosiers, Gabriel. "Développements théoriques et empiriques des tests lisses d'ajustement des modèles ARMA vectoriels." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25475.
Full textWhen validating time series models, the distribution of the observations represents a potentially important assumption. In this Master's Thesis, the advocated approach uses smooth goodness-of-fit test statistics. This research provides theoretical and empirical developments of the smooth goodness of fit tests for vector autoregressive moving average models (VARMA). In previous work, Ducharme and Lafaye de Micheaux (2004) developed smooth goodness-of-fit tests designed for the residuals of univariate ARMA models. Later, Tagne Tatsinkou (2016) generalized the work within the framework of vector ARMA (VARMA) models, which prove to be potentially useful in real applications. Structured parameterizations, which are considerations specific to the multivariate case, are discussed. The works of Tagne Tatsinkou (2016) are completed, according to theoretical angles, and additional simulation studies are also considered. The new smooth tests are based on families of orthogonal polynomials. In this study, special attention is given to Legendre's family and Hermite's family. The major theoretical contribution in this work is a complete proof that the test statistic is invariant to linear affine transformations when the Hermite family is adopted. The results of Tagne Tatsinkou (2016) represent an important first step, but they were incomplete with respect to the use of the model residuals. The proposed tests are based on a family of densities under alternative hypotheses of order k. A data driven method to choose the maximal order, based on the results of Ledwina (1994), is discussed. In our simulation studies, the automatic selection is also implemented. Our simulation studies include bivariate models and a trivariate model. In the level study, we can appreciate the good performance of the smooth tests. In the power study, several competitors were considered. We found that the smooth tests displayed interesting power properties when the data came from VARMA models with innovations in the class of contaminated normal distributions.