Academic literature on the topic 'Non-invasive drug administration'
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Journal articles on the topic "Non-invasive drug administration"
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Vllasaliu, Driton. "Non-Invasive Drug Delivery Systems." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 5 (2021): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13050611.
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Ankita, Padale1 Ajit Tuwar2 Dr. Megha Salve3. "Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems: A Non-Invasive Approach to Medication Administration." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2, no. 11 (2024): 1165–71. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14211648.
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Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are non-invasive, self-contained dosage forms designed to deliver therapeutic agents through the skin and into the systemic circulation. TDDS offer a valuable alternative to oral and injectable routes, providing improved patient compliance, reduced side effects, and sustained drug release. These systems utilize various technologies, including patches, gels, and sprays, to facilitate drug permeation across the skin barrier. Key benefits of TDDS include: Enhanced bioavailability Reduced first-pass metabolism Prolonged drug action Minimized systemic side effects Improved patient adherence. TDDS have been successfully employed for managing conditions such as pain management (e.g., fentanyl, lidocaine), hypertension (e.g., clonidine), and hormonal imbalances (e.g., estrogen, testosterone). Ongoing research focuses on optimizing formulation design, enhancing skin permeability, and expanding the range of deliverable drugs.
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USUI, Takeo, Minagi MUKAIYAMA, and Yoko NAGUMO. "Development of Tight Junction Reversible Opener for Non-Invasive Drug Administration: Drug Administration without Injection." KAGAKU TO SEIBUTSU 58, no. 4 (2020): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1271/kagakutoseibutsu.58.204.
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Lakshmi, P. k., D. Prasanthi, and B. Veeresh. "NON INVASIVE DELIVERY OF PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE DRUGS: A REVIEW." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 8 (2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.18274.
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Till recent, injections remained the most common route for administration of protein and peptide drugs because of their poor bioavailability in the other routes. Because it is generally recognized that injection based delivery is a major impediment to the commercial success of therapeutic proteins and peptides, research in both academia and industry continues to focus on ways to overcome this problem. Possible non-parenteral administration routes for delivery of peptide and protein drugs include oral, nasal, ocular, transdermal, rectal, colonic, and vaginal route. The large surface area associated with most of these routes makes them attractive targets for drug delivery. While non-invasive administration by these routes is considered a more logical and achievable option for local treatment regimens, systemic delivery of proteins and peptides is significantly more challenging. In spite of effort made on the development of drugs for these routes, most of the successes fail to address how the technology will be transformed to a commercial product. The only notable exceptions have been the successful commercialization of nasal formulations for systemic delivery of a limited number of therapeutic peptides, and recent regulatory approvals of both pulmonary and buccal delivery systems for systemic delivery of insulin and an oral formulation of a small peptide analog, cyclosporine, have been commercialized. The present review aims to discuss the potential non-invasive routes of protein and peptide drug delivery. The factors which will affect drug transport and the bioavailability of proteins administered through these routes is also emphasized
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Fonseca-Santos, Bruno, Patrícia Bento Silva, Roberta Balansin Rigon, Mariana Rillo Sato, and Marlus Chorilli. "Formulating SLN and NLC as Innovative Drug Delivery Systems for Non-Invasive Routes of Drug Administration." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 22 (2020): 3623–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190624155938.
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Colloidal carriers diverge depending on their composition, ability to incorporate drugs and applicability, but the common feature is the small average particle size. Among the carriers with the potential nanostructured drug delivery application there are SLN and NLC. These nanostructured systems consist of complex lipids and highly purified mixtures of glycerides having varying particle size. Also, these systems have shown physical stability, protection capacity of unstable drugs, release control ability, excellent tolerability, possibility of vectorization, and no reported production problems related to large-scale. Several production procedures can be applied to achieve high association efficiency between the bioactive and the carrier, depending on the physicochemical properties of both, as well as on the production procedure applied. The whole set of unique advantages such as enhanced drug loading capacity, prevention of drug expulsion, leads to more flexibility for modulation of drug release and makes Lipid-based nanocarriers (LNCs) versatile delivery system for various routes of administration. The route of administration has a significant impact on the therapeutic outcome of a drug. Thus, the non-invasive routes, which were of minor importance as parts of drug delivery in the past, have assumed added importance drugs, proteins, peptides and biopharmaceuticals drug delivery and these include nasal, buccal, vaginal and transdermal routes. The objective of this paper is to present the state of the art concerning the application of the lipid nanocarriers designated for non-invasive routes of administration. In this manner, this review presents an innovative technological platform to develop nanostructured delivery systems with great versatility of application in non-invasive routes of administration and targeting drug release.
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Harak, Komal Vilas, P. B. Patil, and R. B. Saudhagar. "Current Challenges in Non-Invasive Insulin Drug Delivery System: A Review." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 3-s (2019): 982–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i3-s.3055.
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The Frederick Banting and Charles Best extracted insulin from bovine pancreas in 1922, who received the Nobel prize for their contribution in the medical field with Johan McLeod, The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is the route of choice for the administration of most drugs, regardless of their molecular structure or weight and administration of insulin exogenously via subcutaneous route which mimic the pancreatic insulin secretion, for In todays era, insulin delivery by noninvasive route is an area of current interest in diabetes mellitus treatment by parenteral route for type-I and type-II diabetes mellitus , while noninvasive therapy through oral delivery is greatly desired, there are challenges that include the low bioavailability due to the rapid enzymatic degradation in the stomach. This review article patent that provides the novel approaches for noninvasive insulin drug delivery system to the bloodstream through the go tract. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, insulin, non-invasive insulin drug delivery, modern insulin drug delivery, absorption enhancer, insulin pump.
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var, Song, and S. Sandal. "Physiology of nose-to-brain pathways and current approaches to intranasal treatment." Annals of Medical Research 29, no. 12 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2022.10.325.
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There are many factors that affect the passage of drugs through the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. Generally, drugs used in the conventional treatments of many psychiatric disorders and central nervous system diseases are used to produce systemic effects. However, an increased dose or extended treatment time is required to achieve effective drug concentrations at the desired site. This significantly increases the risk of systemic toxicity. For this reason, methods of the direct delivery of drugs to the central nervous system without increasing their systemic concentration are being investigated intensively. Drug delivery methods to the central nervous system are divided into three groups non-invasive, invasive and alternative methods. Intranasal drug administration, which is one of the non-invasive methods that increase the solubility and permeability of the drug, prolongs the drug effects, minimizes enzymatic degradation, and increases the bioavailability of the drug, has become the focus of attention of researchers in recent years. However, the researchers' use of animal models to identify routes of nasal drug administration and potential brain targets limits the applicability of results to humans. In this review, the routes of intranasal drugs to the brain, the properties of drugs that can reach the central nervous system, and drug examples used in clinical trials are discussed.
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Dubey, Shivam. "Ocular drug delivery systems and nanotechnology." IP International Journal of Ocular Oncology and Oculoplasty 10, no. 4 (2025): 179–87. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.ijooo.2024.034.
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Drug delivery to certain eye tissues has long been a major challenge for ocular scientists. Some problems with the standard formulations of drug solutions given as topical drops led to the introduction of various carrier systems for ocular dispersion. A lot of work is being done on ocular research to create safe, novel, and patient-friendly methods of pharmaceutical administration. After being enclosed in nanoscale carrier systems or devices, drug molecules are administered using invasive, non-invasive, or minimally invasive techniques. In the years to come, drug delivery may be greatly enhanced by the creation of non-invasive sustained drug delivery devices and studies into the viability of topical application to deliver medications to the posterior region. The difficulties related to a number of anterior and posterior segment diseases may be significantly reduced by recent advancements in the administration of ocular medications.
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Santosh Kumar, Rada, and R. Hemanth. "Proteins and Peptide Drugs: Different Routes of Administration for Their Delivery." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 4-A (2019): 815–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i4-a.3620.
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Proteins and peptides have the wide range of therapeutic agents emerged within and the administration is through needle and syringe i.e., parenteral delivery is the choice of route of administration, but it has drawn some drawback related to patient incompliance such as causing pain during administration, sterility and cost of the product though the bioavailability is 100%. The route of administration plays an important role as it have an impact on the therapeutic outcome of the drug, with the advancement in the branch of pharmaceutical biotechnology. Based on the biophysical and biochemical properties a delivery system was designed for protein and peptide based therapeutic and clinical application have come into existence through non-invasive delivery and in addition, this dosage form can be significantly self-administered by patients, manufacturing cost would be less compared to the injections. The main aim is to focus in this review article is the recent advances in the delivery of therapeutic proteins and peptides via different non-invasive routes and the barriers affecting the drug transportation, approaches, advantages, challenges. Keywords: Non-invasive drug delivery, therapeutic proteins and peptides, non-invasive routes.
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Buttini, Francesca, Paolo Colombo, Alessandra Rossi, Fabio Sonvico, and Gaia Colombo. "Particles and powders: Tools of innovation for non-invasive drug administration." Journal of Controlled Release 161, no. 2 (2012): 693–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.02.028.
Full textBooks on the topic "Non-invasive drug administration"
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service), ScienceDirect (Online, ed. Handbook of non-invasive drug delivery systems: Science and technology. William Andrew, 2009.
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Dhand, Rajiv, and Michael McCormack. Bronchodilators in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0033.
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Inhaled beta-agonists and anticholinergic agents, as well as systemically administered methylxanthines, are frequently employed to achieve bronchodilation in critically-ill patients. Inhaled agents are given by pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI), nebulizer, or dry powder inhaler. In ventilator-supported patients, aerosolized agents are generally only administered by pMDI or nebulizer. The ventilator circuit, artificial airway, and circuit humidity complicate the delivery of aerosolized agents, and there is a wide variability in drug delivery efficiency with various bench models of mechanical ventilation. Aerosolized drug by pMDI is affected by the use of spacer devices, synchronization of pMDI actuation and ventilator breath delivery, and appropriate priming of the pMDI device. The efficiency of aerosolized drug delivery by jet nebulization is also affected by device placement in the circuit, as well as by a number of other factors. Several investigators have demonstrated comparable efficiency of aerosol delivery with mechanically-ventilated and ambulatory patients when careful attention is given to the technique of administration. Appropriate administration of aerosolized bronchodilators in patients receiving invasive or non-invasive positive pressure ventilation produces significant therapeutic effects.
Book chapters on the topic "Non-invasive drug administration"
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Pandey, Manju. "Nose-to-Brain Targeted Drug Delivery Bypassing the Blood-Brain Barrier." In Advancements in Controlled Drug Delivery Systems. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8908-3.ch007.
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The treatment of brain disorders like Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, etc. has been challenging due to a variety of obstacles of effective delivery of the drugs to the brain. Intranasal drug delivery (INDD) is a non-invasive and convenient route of drug intake and hence has been useful for drugs targeting neurological (brain) disorders. This method bypasses the blood-brain barrier (BBB), delivering the medication directly to the brain. The intranasal route is the direct transportation of drugs via the olfactory and trigeminal nerve pathways to the brain overcoming the BBB. An enormous range of macromolecular to micromolecular medications can be delivered to the CNS via this pathway. INDDS offers a non-invasive, safe, and convenient route of direct drug administration to the brain and increasing the bioavailability of the drug. Bypassing the BBB is an important factor due to the low permeability of some drugs, and INDDS helps overcome this barrier.
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Narwariya, Shailendra Singh, Tirthankar Choudhury, Vinod Sahu, and Ravi Bhushan Vishwakarma. "TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 3 Book 5. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bapn5ch27.
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Transdermal therapy systems are self-contained, self-discrete dose forms that distribute medication to the systemic circulation at a regulated pace when applied to undamaged skin. These patches, like adhesive bandages, use passive medication diffusion over the skin to release medications for systemic effects. They can have active or passive designs, allowing pharmaceuticals to be given across the skin barrier. The medication is injected into the skin for prolonged periods, maintaining a consistent concentration in the bloodstream. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are attractive non-invasive alternatives to conventional needle injections due to their low rejection rate, ease of administration, and convenience. TDDS can be applied in pharmaceuticals and skin care industries, but faces challenges due to skin's physicochemical properties.
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Goins, Beth A., and William T. Phillips. "Radiolabelled Liposomes for Imaging and Biodistribution Studies." In Liposomes. Oxford University PressOxford, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199636556.003.0012.
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Abstract The development of liposome-based agents for diagnostic and therapeutic applications requires an understanding of the blood clearance kinetics and tissue bio-distribution of the agents after administration into the body. Non-invasive biodistribution studies of liposomes labelled with gamma (photon)-emitting radionuclides performed with scintigraphic imaging is a powerful approach for studying liposome-based agents in vivo. This methodology permits determination of the distribution of liposomes at multiple time points in an individual animal or patient (1, 2). While invasive studies of liposomes labelled with beta-emitting radionuclides such as carbon-14 may be suitable for animal studies, human studies with non-invasive photon imaging is a significantly more efficient approach for liposome-based drug development.
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Dmitrovic, Radmila, and Isidora Simonovic. "Lung Deposition of Air Pollutants and Inhaled Drugs in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and those on Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV): Is It Still Challenging?" In Pulmonary Emphysema - Recent Updates [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004263.
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) ranks among the leading causes of mortality worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income nations. The primary risk factors for the development of COPD are tobacco smoking and the inhalation of pollutants from both indoor and outdoor sources. The exacerbation of COPD resulting from the mentioned factors significantly affects the patient’s quality of life and is often associated with frequent hospitalizations and the potential need for mechanical ventilation. Regarding drug administration, the inhalation route is the most efficient way to deliver drugs directly to the lungs and target organs, while reducing systematic side effects. When evaluating the deposition of inhaled drugs in the lungs, the most frequently employed techniques are in vivo, scintigraphy, and functional respiratory imaging (FRI). Aside from bronchodilator therapy and corticosteroids, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, vaccines, and monoclonal antibodies are currently being studied for their potential benefits, particularly in patients receiving invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation.
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Basu, Venkateswara Reddy. "Novel Drug Delivery Systems." In A Text Book of Pharmaceutics for I Year Diploma in Pharmacy. THINKPLUS PHARMA PUBLICATIONS, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69613/axh6mx97.
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Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) represent advanced approaches to delivering pharmaceutical compounds in ways that enhance therapeutic efficacy, improve patient compliance, and reduce side effects. This section explores various innovative drug delivery technologies and their applications in modern pharmaceutical practice. Controlled release systems, including matrix tablets, reservoir devices, and osmotic systems, are examined for their ability to maintain therapeutic drug levels over extended periods. Targeted drug delivery approaches, such as nanoparticles, liposomes, and antibody-drug conjugates, are discussed in the context of improving drug specificity and reducing systemic toxicity. Transdermal delivery systems, including patches and iontophoretic devices, are explored for their potential in providing non-invasive, controlled drug administration. Pulmonary drug delivery systems, such as dry powder inhalers and metered-dose inhalers, are addressed, highlighting their importance in respiratory therapeutics. The principles of mucoadhesive drug delivery for improving gastrointestinal and nasal absorption are examined. Advanced technologies like 3D printing in pharmaceutical manufacturing and its potential for personalized medicine are briefly discussed. Challenges in developing NDDS, including formulation complexities, scale-up issues, and regulatory considerations, are addressed.
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Lanjhiyana, S. K., Gopal Bihari, Sanmati Kumar Jain, Sweety Lanjhiyana, and Sakshi Gupta. "AN OVERVIEW ON NOVEL LIPOSPHERE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM: CURRENT SCENARIO." In Futuristic Trends in Chemical Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 3 Book 12. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3becs12p2ch13.
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Topical delivery offers a non-invasive and simple alternative to the traditional delivery method for both systemic and topical drug administration. The biggest obstacle to successfully delivering medication molecules to the deeper layers of skin for systemic absorption is the skin's significant imperviousness. Numerous approaches have been explored to enhance the efficacy of drug delivery across the epidermal barrier. Lipid-based colloidal carriers have garnered significant attention due to their ability to interact with the skin's lipid-rich composition, facilitating transdermal drug administration. Through their attachment to the skin, these carriers facilitate the exchange of lipids in the stratum corneum's outer layers. Even though lipid-based systems have been the subject of many investigations, a thorough literature search turned up no particular talks regarding their transdermal absorption and possible toxicity. The difficulties of transdermal drug delivery, the function of lipid-based vehicular systems in aiding this procedure, uptake mechanisms, sequential uptake processes, and worries about the cytotoxicity of lipid-based carriers—which, despite being widely regarded as safe, may not be completely free from toxicity—are therefore the main topics of this review.
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Shinde, Prajakta Parasharam, Dr Sakina Punjab, Jailani S, and Dr Ujashkumar Shah. "TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS: UNVEILING THE SCIENCE OF SKIN PERMEATION, INFLUENCING FACTORS, AND FORMULATION STRATEGIES." In Novel Drug Delivery System from Fundamental Principles to Advanced Applications. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/nbennurndch6.
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One of the most innovative pharmaceutical products now on the market is the transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS), which offers a non-invasive way to distribute medication. In-depth investigation of the mechanics behind drug dispersion through the epidermis and dermis is provided, together with an understanding of the complex science controlling skin penetration. The complex interplay between the physicochemical qualities of medications, skin traits, and formulation complexities is shown by examining the impacting elements. The several parameters that impact the effectiveness of TDDS include molecular size, lipophilicity, skin thickness, and blood flow. This paper explores formulation techniques by breaking down matrix and reservoir systems and shedding light on the subtle differences between drug-in-membrane and drug-in adhesive formulations. Carefully considered consideration is given to the design and development of transdermal patches, revealing the importance of the release liner, backing layer, adhesive layer, and drug reservoir in obtaining the best possible drug administration. Case studies highlight effective uses, such as how fentanyl and estradiol patches treatment and revolutionized pain hormone replacement therapy, or how nicotine patches helped smokers quit. To sum up, this investigation covers the science, difficulties, and potential applications of transdermal medication administration and provides a road map for physicians, researchers, and pharmaceutical industry experts. Transdermal medication administration has the potential to transform patient care with accuracy, efficiency, and improved treatment results as nanotechnology and smart systems redefine possibilities.
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Maheshwari, Shubhrat, Ajeet Kumar, Shubham Sharma, Sayantan Dutta, Jagat Pal Yadav, and Sonia Pandey. "MUCOADHESIVE OCULAR NANOFORMULATIONS: ADVANCEMENTS IN DRUG DELIVERY FOR IMPROVED OCULAR THERAPY." In Futuristic Trends in Pharmacy & Nursing Volume 3 Book 9. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bipn9ch18.
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Ocular drug delivery poses a significant challenge due to the intricate structure and protective barriers present in the eye. Traditional techniques, including systemic administration and topical eye drops, often have limited therapeutic efficacy and poor bioavailability. However, the emergence of mucoadhesive ocular nanoparticles has the potential to revolutionize ocular drug delivery by overcoming these challenges. Eye drops remain a popular non-invasive method of treating ocular ailments. Nevertheless, conventional eye drop formulations are associated with several limitations, such as rapid drainage from the eye, low bioavailability, and frequent administrations. Mucoadhesive nanoparticles present a promising solution to address these issues by enhancing drug retention and permeation in the eye. This chapter offers a comprehensive overview of recent developments in mucoadhesive ocular nanoparticles and their implications for ocular drug delivery. It discusses the anatomy and protective barriers of the eye that influence drug penetration and the need for innovative drug delivery systems. The chapter explores various natural and synthetic mucoadhesive polymers used in nanoparticle formulations and their interactions with ocular tissues. Additionally, it highlights the development and characterization of nanosystems, including micelles, liposomes, nanosuspensions, and nanogels, that incorporate mucoadhesive properties to enhance ocular drug delivery. The potential applications of mucoadhesive ocular nanoparticles in addressing ocular diseases affecting both the anterior and posterior segments are discussed. Furthermore, the chapter emphasizes the importance of understanding the anatomical and physiological challenges in ocular drug delivery to design effective and safe drug delivery systems. Overall, this book chapter serves as a valuable resource for researchers, scientists, and pharmaceutical experts working in the field of ocular drug delivery. It provides insights into the recent advancements in mucoadhesive ocular nanoparticles and their potential implications in improving therapeutic outcomes and patient compliance for various ocular disorders.
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Shanker, Kalakotla, Sushil Y. Raut, Tamatam Sunilkumar Reddy, Divya Pa, S. P. Dhanabal, and Kristina Apryatina. "Carbon Nanostructures and Medicinal Plants." In Medicinal Plants: Microbial Interactions, Molecular Techniques and Therapeutic Trends. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815136838123010018.
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It has been a decade since the widespread usage of carbon nanostructures (CNSs) in biomedical research. A few examples are the use of CNSs in medication, for protein administration and in instruments to provide nucleic acids to treat cancer and other chronic diseases. The near-infrared optical characteristics of CNSs allowed them to be used in diagnostics and in non-invasive and very sensitive imaging equipment. In recent years, the scientific and industrial sectors have paid increasing attention to the physical and chemical properties of various nanomaterials. Structure, electronics, water, and more may all be derived from them. This chapter will focus on carbon nanomaterials and related nanostructures, which are designed to give the most up-t- -date research results. There is a broad acceptance of traditional medicine in many societies, with over 60 percent of the world's population and over 80 percent of the population in developing countries depending on medicinal plants for medical reasons. Among the many reasons for this are the ease of use, affordability, and low cost. It is believed that nanotechnology will play a significant role in medicinal plant research and drug delivery in the near future. These nano-drug delivery devices may boost the activity of medicinal plants, but also solve some of their limitations. Nanocarriers aiding in the treatment of cancer, diabetes, and other life-threatening illnesses by delivering herbal chemicals will also be discussed in this chapter.
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Franquet, Tomas. "Pulmonary infections." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Christian Herold. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0080.
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Although bacteria are the most common group of microorganisms that cause pneumonia, the spectrum of organisms known to cause respiratory infections is broad and constantly increasing. Imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with respiratory infections. Chest radiography helps in the diagnosis by depicting lung opacities and in the evaluation of the progress of disease and response to treatment. Thin-section computed tomography is particularly important in early diagnosis in patients with a high clinical suspicion of disease and a negative chest radiograph. In the absence of clinical information, radiologists cannot reliably distinguish between pneumonia and other pulmonary processes. The radiographic manifestations of a given organism may be variable depending on the immunological status of the patient as well as by pre- or coexisting lung disease or significant comorbidities. Patients with impaired immune function are susceptible to infections by a wide range of organisms. Mildly immunocompromised patients with chronic debilitating illness, diabetes, malnutrition, alcoholism, advanced age, prolonged corticosteroid administration, and chronic pulmonary diseases are prone to develop a semi-invasive or chronic necrotizing aspergillosis. An extensive number of non-infectious processes including drug-induced pulmonary disease, acute eosinophilic pneumonia, organizing pneumonia, and pulmonary vasculitis may mimic pulmonary infection.
Conference papers on the topic "Non-invasive drug administration"
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Akseki, Ilgaz, Christopher F. Libordi, and Cetin Cetinkaya. "Non-Contact Acoustic Techniques for Drug Tablet Monitoring." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13940.
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Quality assurance monitoring and material characterization is of great importance in the pharmaceutical industry. If the tablet coating and/or core are defective, the desired dose delivery and bioavailability can be compromised. Tablet coatings serve a wide variety of purposes such as regulating controlled release of active ingredients in the body, contributing to the bioavailability of a particular drug or combination of drugs, during certain times and locations within the body, protecting the stomach from high concentrations of active ingredients, extending the shelf life by protecting the ingredients from degradation from moisture and oxygen, and improving the tablet's visual appeal. If a coating layer is non-uniform and/or contains surface or sub-surface defects, the desired dose delivery and bioavailability can be compromised. The Food and Drug Administration has initiated a program named the Process Analytical Technology (PAT) in order to ensure efficient quality monitoring at each stage of the manufacturing process by the integration of analytical systems into the procedure. Improving consistency and predictability of tablet action by improving quality and uniformity of tablets is required. An ideal technique for quality monitoring would be non-invasive, non-destructive, rapid, intrinsically safe and cost-effective. The objective of the current investigation was to develop, non-contact/non-destructive techniques for monitoring and evaluating drug tablets for mechanical defects such as coating layer irregularities, internal cracks and delamination using a laser-acoustic approach. In the proposed system, a pulsed laser is utilized to generate non-contact mechanical excitations and interferometric detection of transient vibrations of the drug tablets. Three novel methods to excite vibration in drug tablets are developed and employed: (i) a vibration plate excited by a pulsed-laser, (ii) pulsed laser-induced plasma expansion, and (iii) an air-coupled acoustic transducer. Nanometer-scale transient surface displacements of the drug tablets are measured using the laser interferometer. Signal processing techniques are then applied to these transient displacement responses to differentiate the defective tablets from the nominal ones. From the analysis of frequency spectra and the time-frequency spectrograms obtained under both mechanisms, it can be concluded that defective tablets can be effectively differentiated from the nominal ones.
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Dias Filho, Marcelo Torres, Guilherme Eugenio Gil, João Victor Pereira Rocha, João Pedro Zanatto, and Márcia Rocha Gabaldi Silva. "AVANÇOS DO TRATAMENTO DO CARCINOMA UROTELIAL NÃO-MÚSCULO INVASIVO: REVISÃO NARRATIVA." In I SIMPÓSIO MARANHENSE DE GENÉTICA E GENÔMICA EM SAÚDE. Doity - Plataforma de Eventos, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55664/simaggens2022.023.
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INTRODUÇÃO: O Carcinoma Urotelial, também conhecido como câncer de bexiga, é o décimo primeiro câncer mais comum em todo o mundo. O câncer de bexiga não-músculo invasivo (CBNMI) é um dos tipos que ocorre apenas no tecido fino da parede interna da bexiga, sem envolvimento do músculo e sem desenvolvimento para a parte externa da bexiga. O tratamento primário consiste na administração intravesical de Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG), além de outros tratamentos baseados em anticorpos monoclonais direcionados e imunoterapia com células CAR-T. OBJETIVO: Revisar na literatura artigos científicos que apresentam estudos sobre os avanços em relação ao câncer de bexiga, observando-se o atual estágio das pesquisas e os obstáculos encontrados para o aprimoramento do tratamento, dando ênfase ao CBNMI. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica entre 2020 e 2022 nas bases de dados PubMed e SciELLO usando na seleção as palavras-chave: “bladder cancer non muscle invasive”, “BCG”, “immunotherapy” e “urinary bladder neoplasms”. Na pesquisa foram encontrados 15 artigos científicos, os artigos foram analisados pelos seus títulos, seguida da leitura dos seus resumos e textos completos, para assim confirmar a relação dos artigos selecionados e o tema abordado neste trabalho. Foram selecionados 8 artigos neste trabalho. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: Observou-se que o tratamento com (BCG) intravesical foi a primeira terapia a ajudar a reduzir a progressão e os riscos de reincidência em câncer de bexiga não-músculo invasivo (CBNMI) de alto risco. Seu uso pode determinar uma resposta completa em aproximadamente 70% dos casos, com 60% dos pacientes podendo relatar uma nova recorrência em um ano. O BCG apresenta uma atual escassez mundial que vem resultando em esquema de priorização nas clínicas, concomitante a essa escassez, há outros obstáculos a serem superados, tais como os mecanismos de resistência da célula tumoral para escapar da resposta imune induzida pelo BCG. Tendo em vista esses mecanismos, avanços no uso da imunoterapia antiproteína de morte celular programada 1 (PD-1), vem se mostrando cada vez mais promissor, principalmente com a recente aprovação do Pembrolizumabe pela Food and Drug Administration (FDA), dos quais proporcionam uma diminuição nas doses de BCG, além de diminuírem eventos que levem a intolerância ao bacilo. Os esforços para evitar a falta de resposta do BCG vem do objetivo de atrasar ou até mesmo evitar a realização da cistectomia radical, que apresenta impacto na qualidade de vida, do qual é responsável pela morte de 10,6% dos pacientes em 90 dias. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento do carcinoma urotelial não-músculo invasivo apresenta avanços com redução da progressão e diminuição dos riscos de recidiva, por meio do uso da BCG intravesical. Porém, a escassez de BCG e a necessidade de superar os mecanismos de resistência da célula tumoral. Torna necessário mais estudos para um tratamento eficaz e para se chagar a cura.