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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-invasive liver assessment'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 16 July 2025

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1

Egresi, Anna, Gabriella Lengyel, and Krisztina Hagymási. "Non-invasive assessment of fatty liver." Orvosi Hetilap 156, no. 14 (2015): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2015.30123.

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As the result of various harmful effects (infectious agents, metabolic diseases, unhealthy diet, obesity, toxic agents, autoimmune processes) hepatic damage may develop, which can progress towards liver steatosis, and fibrosis as well. The most common etiological factors of liver damages are hepatitis B and C infection, alcohol consumption and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Liver biopsy is considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of chronic liver diseases. Due to the dangers and complications of liver biopsy, studies are focused on non-invasive markers and radiological imaging for liver steatosis, progression of fatty liver, activity of the necroinflammation and the severity of the fibrosis. Authors review the possibilities of non-invasive assessment of liver steatosis. The statistical features of the probes (positive, negative predictive values, sensitivity, specificity) are reviewed. The role of radiological imaging is also discussed. Although the non-invasive methods discussed in this article are useful to assess liver steatosis, further studies are needed to validate to follow progression of the diseases and to control therapeutic response. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(14), 543–551.
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2

Ferraioli, Giovanna. "Non-invasive assessment of liver steatosis." Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology 45 (2019): S32—S33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.07.514.

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3

Redman, Joseph, and Richard K. Sterling. "Non-invasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis." Current Treatment Options in Gastroenterology 18, no. 2 (2020): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11938-020-00285-z.

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4

Ахмедзянова, Мария Рашитовна, Александр Викторович Кобелев, Александр Петрович Николаев, and Аза Валерьевна Писарева. "NON-INVASIVE LIVER BLOOD FLOW ASSESSMENT DEVICE." СИСТЕМНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ В БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИХ СИСТЕМАХ, no. 4() (December 19, 2020): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2020.19.4.018.

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Клетки печени наиболее подвержены отрицательным последствиям, т.к. печень принимает активное участие в обменных процессах и в выведении из организма вредных и токсичных веществ. С появлением методов исследования, позволяющих изучать локальный кровоток в различных отделах печени, значительно увеличились возможности распознавания патологии. Реогепатография позволяет оценить функциональное состояние сосудов печени, их тонус, эластичность и кровенаполнение, объемную скорость кровотока и выявить застойные явления в венах. Целью данной статьи являлась разработка технического проекта по созданию прибора для неинвазивной оценки кровотока печени. Разработанный прибор оценивает кровоток печени по изменению ее удельного сопротивления. Метод оценки - электроимпедансная реогепатография. Данный метод позволяет регистрировать динамические изменения в импедансе ткани, вызванные изменениями кровотока печени в период сердечного цикла при пропускании через ткань электрического тока высокой частоты и малой амплитуды. Предложена оптимальная конструкция реографа, состоящего из системы электродов, источника тока, биоусилителя, системы сбора данных и блока питания. Электродная система состоит из 6 электродов (2 токовых и 4 измерительных). Портативный прибор позволяет измерять импеданс в диапазоне 0-250 Ом Liver cells are most exposed to negative consequences, because the liver takes an active part in metabolic processes and in the removal of harmful and toxic substances from the body. With the introduction of research methods that allow the study of local blood flow in different parts of the liver, the ability to recognize pathology has increased significantly. Rheohepatography can assess the functional state of liver vessels, their tone, elasticity and blood flow, the volume rate of blood flow and to identify stagnation in the veins. The purpose of this article was to develop a technical project to create a device for non-invasive assessment of blood flow in the liver. The developed device evaluates blood flow of the liver by changing its resistivity. The method of evaluation is electroimpedance rheopathography. This method allows to register dynamic changes in tissue impedance caused by changes in blood flow of the liver during the cardiac cycle when passing through the tissue of high frequency and small amplitude electrical current. The optimal design of the rheograph, consisting of a system of electrodes, current source, bioamplifier, data acquisition system and power supply unit is proposed. The electrode system consists of 6 electrodes (2 current and 4 measurement electrodes). The portable device allows measuring impedance in the range of 0-250 Ohm
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5

Fischer, Roland, and Paul R. Harmatz. "Non-invasive assessment of tissue iron overload." Hematology 2009, no. 1 (2009): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.215.

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Abstract In recent years, there has been increasing interest in non-invasive iron measurement, especially of the liver and heart, in patients with iron overload. Serum ferritin still remains an essential monitoring parameter in intervals between liver iron measurements; however, confounding factors such as inflammation, chelation treatment changes and the specific disease have to be taken into account. Liver iron measurements can now routinely be performed in clinical applications either by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the transverse magnetic relaxation rate R2 or R2* (1/T2*) or by biomagnetic liver susceptometry. For iron measurements in the heart, the single-breathhold multi-echo MRI-R2* method has become a standard modality and is now applied in clinical settings beyond research studies. In other tissues like the pancreas, pituitary, and brain, different MRI methods are employed, but their clinical benefit has yet to be proven.
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6

Popa, Alexandru, Ioan Sporea, Felix Bende, et al. "The Non-Invasive Ultrasound-Based Assessment of Liver Viscosity in a Healthy Cohort." Diagnostics 12, no. 6 (2022): 1451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061451.

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Liver fibrosis is the most significant prognostic factor in chronic liver disease (CLD). Clinical practice guidelines recommend the use of non-invasive techniques, such as two-dimensional shear-wave elastography (2D-SWE), to assess liver stiffness as a marker of fibrosis. Several other factors influence liver stiffness in addition to liver fibrosis. It is presumed that changes due to necro-inflammation modify the propagation of shear waves (dispersion). Therefore, new imaging techniques that investigate the dispersion properties of shear waves have been developed, which can serve as an indirect method of measuring liver viscosity (Vi PLUS). Defining the reference values in healthy subjects among different age groups and genders and analyzing the factors that influence these values is essential. However, published data on liver viscosity are still limited. This is the first study that aimed to assess the normal range of liver viscosity values in subjects with healthy livers and analyze the factors that influence them. One hundred and thirty-one consecutive subjects with healthy livers were enrolled in this prospective study. The results showed that Vi PLUS is a highly feasible method. Liver stiffness, age and BMI influenced the liver viscosity values. The mean liver viscosity by Vi PLUS in subjects with healthy livers was 1.59 Pa·s.
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7

Loomba, Rohit, and Leon A. Adams. "Advances in non-invasive assessment of hepatic fibrosis." Gut 69, no. 7 (2020): 1343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317593.

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Liver fibrosis should be assessed in all individuals with chronic liver disease as it predicts the risk of future liver-related morbidity and thus need for treatment, monitoring and surveillance. Non-invasive fibrosis tests (NITs) overcome many limitations of liver biopsy and are now routinely incorporated into specialist clinical practice. Simple serum-based tests (eg, Fibrosis Score 4, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Fibrosis Score) consist of readily available biochemical surrogates and clinical risk factors for liver fibrosis (eg, age and sex). These have been extensively validated across a spectrum of chronic liver diseases, however, tend to be less accurate than more ‘complex’ serum tests, which incorporate direct measures of fibrogenesis or fibrolysis (eg, hyaluronic acid, N-terminal propeptide of type three collagen). Elastography methods quantify liver stiffness as a marker of fibrosis and are more accurate than simple serum NITs, however, suffer increasing rates of unreliability with increasing obesity. MR elastography appears more accurate than sonographic elastography and is not significantly impacted by obesity but is costly with limited availability. NITs are valuable for excluding advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, however, are not sufficiently predictive when used in isolation. Combining serum and elastography techniques increases diagnostic accuracy and can be used as screening and confirmatory tests, respectively. Unfortunately, NITs have not yet been demonstrated to accurately reflect fibrosis change in response to treatment, limiting their role in disease monitoring. However, recent studies have demonstrated lipidomic, proteomic and gut microbiome profiles as well as microRNA signatures to be promising techniques for fibrosis assessment in the future.
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8

Wani, Suhaib, and Adela Turcanu. "LIVER FIBROSIS AND METHODS OF ASSESSMENT IN LIGHT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS DELTA." Arta Medica 78, no. 1 (2021): 53–58. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4744452.

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<strong>Objectives.</strong> Liver fibrosis is a wound healing response that causes accumulation of collagen and other extracellular proteins after an insult caused to liver or during a chronic liver disease. When left untreated, it may result in liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension, hepatic encephalopathy, liver failure, and an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, which can ultimately cause organ failure and death. <strong>Material and methods. </strong>Research articles from various sources were reviewed and a sum of different methods for non-invasive assessment liver assessment were picked to put forth a constructive composite review. <strong>Results.</strong> Only two scores i.e., Baseline-event-anticipation score and Delta Fibrosis Score were found to show applicability in assessing liver fibrosis caused by chronic hepatitis delta virus infection, however, further studies are required. <strong>Conclusion.</strong> Although a few non-invasive scoring methods, for assessment of liver fibrosis caused due to chronic hepatitis delta virus infection, have been put forth over the past few years, enough research and data collection is yet to be done for proper validation and use. Even though liver biopsy still remains the gold standard for assessing liver fibrosis, its invasive nature does not make it feasible for all patients.
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9

Kan, Hiromi, Yuki Kimura, Hideyuki Hyogo, et al. "Non-invasive assessment of liver steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." Hepatology Research 44, no. 14 (2014): E420—E427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hepr.12330.

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10

Husain, Ayan, Anjalee Chiwhane, and Vijendra Kirnake. "Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease." Clinical and Experimental Hepatology 6, no. 2 (2020): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/ceh.2020.95739.

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11

Yoshioka, Kentaro, and Senju Hashimoto. "Can non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis replace liver biopsy?" Hepatology Research 42, no. 3 (2011): 233–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1872-034x.2011.00928.x.

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12

POPESCU, Alina, and Ioan SPOREA. "Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in NAFLD." Romanian Medical Journal 67, S (2020): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rmj.2020.s.5.

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13

Hagan, Michael, Sumeet K. Asrani, and Jayant Talwalkar. "Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis and prognosis." Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology 9, no. 10 (2015): 1251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/17474124.2015.1075391.

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14

Huwart, Laurent, Frank Peeters, Ralph Sinkus, et al. "Liver fibrosis: non-invasive assessment with MR elastography." NMR in Biomedicine 19, no. 2 (2006): 173–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nbm.1030.

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15

Mihaylov, R., B. Pencheva, D. Stoeva, and A. Ruseva. "Non-invasive Diagnostics of Liver Fibrosis." Acta Medica Bulgarica 44, no. 1 (2017): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amb-2017-0009.

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Abstract Detecting new units of pathogenesis in the liver fibrosis due to alcoholism, chronic viral Hepatitis B and C, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), autoimmune, parasitic and metabolic diseases and other, reveals perspective for new non-invasive serum biomarkers. In fibrosis, from the wide variety of markers enzymes, proteins and cytokines are mainly used. While direct biomarkers reflect the stage of fibrosis and fibrinogenesis, indirect markers allow assessment of the general liver functions. The combination of direct and indirect markers increases the diagnostic reliability and therefore these panels and indices are investigated quite intensively in recent years in order to decrease the number of liver biopsies without completely replace it, which is still regarded as the reference method.
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16

Sireesha, Vankodoth, Golipally Deekshitha, Kanaje Divya, Kummari Surendra, and T. Rama Rao. "Non-Invasive Tests of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Perspective Review." International Journal of Research and Review 11, no. 12 (2024): 545–53. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20241260.

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Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma often develop from Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), a progressive condition characterized by hepatic steatosis, inflammation and varying degrees of fibrosis. The increasing incidence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) highlights the need for effective diagnostic and treatment methods. Non-invasive tests (NITs) have emerged as promising tools for evaluating and monitoring NAFLD, offering safer and more cost-effective alternatives to invasive liver biopsies. This review focuses on the current state of NITs in NAFLD management, emphasizing their diagnostic accuracy, prognostic significance, and role in guiding treatment. NITs discussed include transient elastography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and serum biomarker panels such as the NAFLD fibrosis score, Fibro Test, and Enhanced Liver Fibrosis (ELF) test. Recent advancements in MRI and MRE have greatly improved the non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis and steatosis, enhancing sensitivity and specificity for early detection and risk stratification. Additionally, combined serum biomarker panels have shown promise in predicting disease severity and progression, aiding in the identification of high-risk patients who could benefit from early intervention. By enabling prompt diagnosis, comprehensive risk assessment and monitoring of disease progression, the integration of NITs into standard clinical practice offers significant potential for improving NAFLD management. Ongoing research efforts are focused on developing new NITs and optimizing existing methods to enhance diagnostic precision and prognostic evaluation in NAFLD patients. This evolving landscape of non-invasive assessment tools could revolutionize the approach to managing this increasingly prevalent liver disease. Keywords: Fatty liver, Liver biopsy, Transient Elastography, Serum biomarkers, Hepatic Cell Carcinoma.
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17

Rios, Rafael S., Kenneth I. Zheng, Giovanni Targher, Christopher D. Byrne, and Ming-Hua Zheng. "Non-invasive fibrosis assessment in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." Chinese Medical Journal 133, no. 22 (2020): 2743–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cm9.0000000000000989.

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18

Chandra Kumar, C. Vikneshwaran, Ruben Skantha, and Wah-Kheong Chan. "Non-invasive assessment of metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease." Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism 13 (January 2022): 204201882211396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20420188221139614.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects an estimated one-quarter of the global adult population and has become one of the leading causes of end-stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma with increased liver-related and overall morbidity and mortality. The new term, metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), has a set of positive diagnostic criteria and has been shown to have better clinical utility, but it has yet to be universally adopted. This review addresses the non-invasive tests for MAFLD and is based mostly on studies on NAFLD patients, as the MAFLD term is relatively new and there are limited studies on non-invasive tests based on this new term, while a large body of research work on non-invasive tests has accumulated in the literature for NAFLD. This review focuses on blood-based biomarkers and scores for the assessment of hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and fibrosis, and two of the most widely studied imaging biomarkers, namely vibration-controlled transient elastography and magnetic resonance imaging. Fibrotic NASH has become a diagnostic target of interest and novel serum biomarkers and scores incorporating imaging biomarker for diagnosis of fibrotic NASH are emerging. Nonetheless, the degree of liver fibrosis remains the key predictor of liver-related morbidity and mortality in patients with MAFLD. A multitude of non-invasive biomarkers and scores have been studied for the detection of liver fibrosis, including use of sequential non-invasive tests for risk stratification of advanced liver fibrosis. In addition, this review will explore the utility of the non-invasive tests for prognostication and for monitoring of treatment response.
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19

Egresi, Anna, Gabriella Lengyel, and Krisztina Hagymási. "Options of non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis based on the clinical data." Orvosi Hetilap 156, no. 2 (2015): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2015.30069.

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Liver cirrhosis is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Liver biopsy is considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of chronic liver diseases. Studies have focused on non-invasive markers for liver fibrosis because of the dangers and complications of liver biopsy. The authors review the non-invasive direct as well as indirect methods for liver fibrosis assessment and present the positive and negative predictive value, sensitivity and specificity of those. Clinical utilities of transient elastography (Fibrsocan) is also reviewed. Non-invasive methods are useful in the assessment of liver fibrosis, monitoring disease progression and therapeutic response. Their accuracy can be increased by the combined or sequential use of non-invasive markers. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(2), 43–52.
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20

Franková, Soňa, and Jan Šperl. "Non-invasive methods in the assessment of portal hypertension severity." Gastroenterologie a hepatologie 75, no. 2 (2021): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/ccgh2021125.

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Portal hypertension represents a wide spectrum of complications of chronic liver diseases and may present by ascites, oesophageal varices, splenomegaly, hypersplenism, hepatorenal and hepatopulmonary syndrome or portopulmonary hypertension. Portal hypertension and its severity predicts the patient‘s prognosis: as an invasive technique, the portosystemic gradient (HPVG – hepatic venous pressure gradient) measurement by hepatic veins catheterisation has remained the gold standard of its assessment. A reliable, non-invasive method to assess the severity of portal hypertension is of paramount importance; the patients with clinically significant portal hypertension have a high risk of variceal bleeding and higher mortality. Recently, non-invasive methods enabling the assessment of liver stiffness have been introduced into clinical practice in hepatology. Not only may these methods substitute for liver biopsy, but they may also be used to assess the degree of liver fibrosis and predict the severity of portal hypertension. Nowadays, we can use the quantitative elastography (transient elastography, point shear-wave elastrography, 2D-shear-wave elastography) or magnetic resonance imaging. We may also assess the severity of portal hypertension based on the non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis (i.e. ELF test) or estimate clinically signifi cant portal hypertension using composite scores (LSPS – liver spleen stiff ness score), based on liver stiffness value, spleen diameter and platelet count. Spleen stiffness measurement is a new method that needs further prospective studies. The review describes current possibilities of the non-invasive assessment of portal hypertension and its severity.
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21

Horváth, Gábor. "New non-invasive tool for assessment of liver fibrosis: transient elastography." Orvosi Hetilap 152, no. 22 (2011): 860–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2011.29094.

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Formation of connective tissue causing liver fibrosis is the common trait of chronic liver diseases. The „gold-standard” of the evaluation of liver fibrosis is liver biopsy, but it is an invasive, painful procedure, and carries a significant, although small risk of life-threatening complications. It may have contraindications, and it is certainly not the ideal procedure for serially repeated assessment of disease progression. A new, non-invasive method for the assessment of liver fibrosis by measuring liver stiffness is the transient elastography. The velocity of the propagation of a shear wave is measured by ultrasound. The procedure is painless, rapid, and no needs any preparation. So far, transient elastography has been mostly validated in chronic hepatitis C, but it is applicable in liver diseases with other etiologies. The diagnostic accuracy of transient elastography increases with stage of fibrosis, and is more accurate in advanced fibrosis (F≥2, Metavir score) and in cirrhosis. Indication of antiviral therapy for chronic viral hepatitis B and C are the main field of the application of the transient elastography, and it is also a useful tool for follow-up the disease progression. It is applicable for early, non-invasive detection of graft damage after liver transplantation. Evaluation of liver damage, the stage of liver fibrosis by transient elastography may have an important role in the decision before surgery, or application of potentially hepatotoxic drugs. Histological examination of the liver tissue is not substituted in every case by transient elastography, but liver biopsy is supplanted by measuring liver stiffness for evaluation of liver fibrosis in many cases. Orv. Hetil., 2011, 152, 860–865.
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22

Karimzadeh Toosi, Ali Erfani. "Liver Fibrosis: Causes and Methods of Assessment, A Review." Romanian Journal Of Internal Medicine 53, no. 4 (2015): 304–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/rjim-2015-0039.

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AbstractHepatic fibrogenesis is the final result of injury to the liver. Fibrosis could lead to hepatic dysfunction, important in the pathogenesis of other chronic problems. Therefore, understanding the mechanism, accurate diagnosis and staging of it in early stages accelerates the treatment and reduces the prevalence of chirrosis. Treatment strategies of liver problems and detction methods depend on the amount and progression of liver fibrosis and the rate of cirrhosis development. Traditionally the invasive method, liver biopsy, is reference standard to follow progression and stage of fibrosis. However, during the past decade, progressive development of novel non-invasive methodologies has challenged the invasive method. Non-invasive methods have been initially introduced for chronic hepatitis C with increasing use in other chronic liver diseases. The need for liver biopsy has nowadays decreased significantly as a result of these methodologies. Most of the new non-invasive methods depend on either ‘biological’ or ‘physical’ approaches.In this review, starting from the mechanism of fibrogenesis, the current knowledge about diagnosis, treatment strategies and different methods for its evaluation is discussed. This is followed by a conclusion on what is expected to be known in this field during the future research.
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23

Han, Ji Won. "Non-Invasive Liver Fibrosis Test Using Shear Wave Elastography." Korean Journal of Medicine 100, no. 1 (2025): 26–30. https://doi.org/10.3904/kjm.2025.100.1.26.

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Noninvasive liver fibrosis assessment is vital for chronic liver disease management. Although liver biopsy remains the gold standard, it is invasive with limited feasibility. Shear wave elastography (SWE) accurately evaluates liver stiffness, detecting liver fibrosis and cirrhosis across etiologies including viral hepatitis and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Despite confounders like obesity or elevated liver enzymes, SWE also aids in predicting portal hypertension and hepatocellular carcinoma risk, serving as a key tool in clinical decision-making.
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24

Castera, Laurent, and Massimo Pinzani. "Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis: are we ready?" Lancet 375, no. 9724 (2010): 1419–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(09)62195-4.

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25

Bourlière, M., G. Pénaranda, X. Adhoute, V. Oules, and P. Castellani. "Combining non-invasive methods for assessment of liver fibrosis." Gastroentérologie Clinique et Biologique 32, no. 6 (2008): 73–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-8320(08)73996-4.

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26

Mebus, Siegrun, Nicole Nagdyman, Johanna Kügel, et al. "Non-invasive assessment of liver changes in Eisenmenger patients." International Journal of Cardiology 249 (December 2017): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2017.07.029.

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27

Plebani, Mario, and Daniela Basso. "Non-invasive assessment of chronic liver and gastric diseases." Clinica Chimica Acta 381, no. 1 (2007): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2007.02.019.

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28

Boykova-Valcheva, Pavlina, Irina Ivanova, and Iskren Kotzev. "Non-invasive biomarkers for assessment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease." Известия на Съюза на учените – Варна Серия „Медицина и екология” 24, no. 1 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14748/isuvsme.v24i1.6183.

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29

Siva Kesava Reddy, V., Shubham Nimkar, Mansi Patel, and Sourya Acharya. "Limitations and significance of non-invasive test for assessment of chronic liver disease." GASTROENTEROLOGY 56, no. 4 (2023): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.22141/2308-2097.56.4.2022.519.

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The gold standard for assessing liver fibrosis is a liver biopsy. However, the procedure is invasive and is associated with pain and sometimes fatal consequences. The accuracy of liver biopsy results is further harmed by intra- and inter-observer variability. Small samples only. This muddles the two types of observer variability discussed above. Due to these limitations, non-invasive approaches for fibrosis testing have been developed. Various biochemical serum indicators or imaging techniques that provide a physical measure of hepatic stiffness are non-invasive approaches for assessing liver fibrosis.
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30

Dyson, J. K., S. McPherson, and Q. M. Anstee. "Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: non-invasive investigation and risk stratification." Journal of Clinical Pathology 66, no. 12 (2013): 1033–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2013-201620.

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a histological spectrum of liver disease, from simple steatosis through to cirrhosis. As the worldwide rates of obesity have increased, NAFLD has become the commonest cause of liver disease in many developed countries, affecting up to a third of the population. The majority of patients have simple steatosis that carries a relatively benign prognosis. However, a significant minority have non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and have increased liver related and cardiovascular mortality. Identifying those at risk of progressive disease is crucial. Liver biopsy remains the gold standard investigation for assessing stage of disease but its invasive nature makes it impractical for widespread use as a prognostic tool. Non-invasive tools for diagnosis and disease staging are required, reserving liver biopsy for those patients where it offers clinically relevant additional information. This review discusses the non-invasive modalities available for assessing steatosis, steatohepatitis and fibrosis. We propose a pragmatic approach for the assessment of patients with NAFLD to identify those at high risk of progressive disease who require referral to specialist services.
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31

Lombardi, Rosa. "Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in patients with alcoholic liver disease." World Journal of Gastroenterology 21, no. 39 (2015): 11044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v21.i39.11044.

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32

Vizzutti;, Francesco, Umberto Arena;, Valerio Nobili;, et al. "Non-invasive assessment of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)." Annals of Hepatology 8, no. 2 (2009): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1665-2681(19)31784-3.

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33

Hanafy, A. S. "Non-Invasive Assessment of Fibrosis Progression in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." Journal of Hepatology 64, no. 2 (2016): S473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-8278(16)00799-6.

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34

Ichino, Naohiro. "A new index for non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis." World Journal of Gastroenterology 16, no. 38 (2010): 4809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i38.4809.

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35

Stasi, Cristina, and Stefano Milani. "Evolving strategies for liver fibrosis staging: The non-invasive assessment." World Journal of Gastroenterology 23, no. 2 (2017): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i2.191.

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36

Branchi, Federica. "Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B." World Journal of Gastroenterology 20, no. 40 (2014): 14568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i40.14568.

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37

Orasan, Olga H., Mihaela Iancu, Madalina Sava, et al. "Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis." European Journal of Clinical Investigation 45, no. 12 (2015): 1243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eci.12543.

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38

You, Hong. "CS17-02 Non-Invasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis and Cirrhosis." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 13 (August 2009): S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1201-9712(09)60310-6.

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39

Castera, Laurent. "Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C." Hepatology International 5, no. 2 (2011): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12072-010-9240-0.

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40

Bera, Chinmay, Nashla Hamdan-Perez, and Keyur Patel. "Non-Invasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis B Patients." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 4 (2024): 1046. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13041046.

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The aim of this review is to provide updated information on the clinical use of non-invasive serum and imaging-based tests for fibrosis assessment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection. In recent years, non-invasive tests (NIT) have been increasingly used to determine eligibility for treatment. Liver biopsy is still considered the gold standard for assessing inflammatory activity and fibrosis staging, but it is an invasive procedure with inherent limitations. Simple serum markers such as APRI and FIB-4 are limited by indeterminate results but remain useful initial tests for fibrosis severity if imaging elastography is not available. Point-of-care US-based elastography techniques, such as vibration-controlled transient elastography or 2D shear wave elastography, are increasingly available and have better accuracy than simple serum tests for advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis, although stiffness cut-offs are variable based on E-antigen status and inflammatory activity. Current NITs have poor diagnostic performance for following changes in fibrosis with antiviral therapy. However, NITs may have greater clinical utility for determining prognosis in patients with CHB that have advanced disease, especially for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and/or liver decompensation. Algorithms combining serum and imaging NITs appear promising for advanced fibrosis and prognostic risk stratification.
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41

Patel, Keyur, and Giada Sebastiani. "Limitations of non-invasive tests for assessment of liver fibrosis." JHEP Reports 2, no. 2 (2020): 100067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100067.

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42

Hari, Andrej. "Ultrasound Elastography—Cornerstone of Non-Invasive Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Assessment." Medicina 57, no. 6 (2021): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060516.

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Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease has become the most common chronic liver disease as well as the most common cause for liver transplantation. With its different methods types, elastography of the liver can be used for non-invasive evaluation of the liver fibrosis and steatosis degree. The article focuses on the description, use, advantages, and limitations of the currently known elastographic techniques. It proposes a simple risk assessment algorithm for the liver fibrosis progress evaluation. The following is an overview of the use of liver and spleen elastography in the detection of clinically relevant portal hypertension. It concludes with research and technological possibilities that could be important to the field in the upcoming years.
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43

Gupta, Tarana. "Non-invasive assessment of esophageal varices: Status of today." World Journal of Hepatology 16, no. 2 (2024): 123–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v16.i2.123.

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With increasing burden of compensated cirrhosis, we desperately need non-invasive methods for assessment of clinically significant portal hypertension. The use of liver and spleen stiffness measurement helps in deferring unnecessary endoscopies for low risk esophageal varices. This would reduce cost and patient discomfort. However, these special techniques may not be feasible at remote areas where still we need only biochemical parameters. More prospective studies validating the non-invasive risk prediction models are definitely needed.
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44

Barrault, Camille, Françoise Roudot-Thoraval, Jeanne Tran Van Nhieu, et al. "Non-invasive assessment of liver graft fibrosis by transient elastography after liver transplantation." Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology 37, no. 4 (2013): 347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinre.2012.11.003.

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45

Kulebina, E. A., and A. N. Surkov. "Progress of non-invasive diagnostic of liver fibrosis: review of modern laboratory methods." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 11 (August 8, 2020): 224–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2020-11-224-232.

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Fibrosis and cirrhosis are traditionally diagnosed by making a biopsy. However, in recent decades, scientists around the world have shown that the accepted “gold standard of diagnosis” – morphological assessment of biopsy – has a number of limitations. The search for non-invasive techniques to diagnose fibrosis has led to the development of many scales using laboratory indices. Non-invasive diagnostic techniques are safer for the patient than liver biopsy. In addition, they can be repeated in a dynamic to assess the condition of the liver over time. Most currently available non-invasive diagnostic techniques are considerably cheaper than the accepted “gold standard”. Their practical use is increasing every year, and in a number of countries the frequency of liver biopsies in viral hepatitis B and C is steadily decreasing due to the development of serum and imaging diagnostic systems. Recent studies show that the assessment of the degree of fibrosis by non-invasive methods is as accurate as a morphological study. In recent years, a number of serum markers have been considered as non-invasive diagnostics of the stages of liver fibrosis, among which the largest number of studies are devoted to hyaluronic acid, type IV collagen, and their combination with various common laboratory tests. The latest non-invasive techniques will make a significant paradigm shift in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in the near future. In this review we have analyzed widely used as well as experimental laboratory techniques used in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis.
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46

Wang, Jincheng, Jinyu Sun, Tao Qin, Xiaohan Ren, Jin Zhang, and Xiaojie Lu. "Liver fibrosis from viral hepatitis: advances in non-invasive diagnosis." Cancer Insight 2, no. 1 (2023): 9–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.58567/ci02010002.

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The stages of liver fibrosis can reflect the severity of chronic viral hepatitis and the probability of liver cancer. Biopsy is still regarded as the reference for staging fibrosis, but the invasive method is not suitable for first-line screening. In recent years, noninvasive methods for detecting virus-driven liver fibrosis have been developed rapidly, which mainly include biological (serum biomarkers indexes) and physical (imaging assessment of liver stiffness) strategies. In this review, we introduce these noninvasive methods, enumerate their diagnosis performances and discuss the role of ferroptosis. At last, we propose directions for future researches.
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47

Sozen, Meral. "ASSESSMENT OF NON-INVASIVE TESTS IN HBEAG-NEGATIVE CHRONIC HEPATITIS B." Era's Journal of Medical Research 11, no. 2 (2024): 153–59. https://doi.org/10.24041/ejmr2024.27.

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Overview: In this study, individuals with Recurrent hepatitis B with HBeAg-negative have their liver fibrosis and inflammation assessed using non-invasive diagnostic assays for accuracy and clinical value. In order to ascertain how well these techniques differentiate between HBeAg-negative CHB and dormant carriers of the hepatitis B surface antigen it contrasts them with conventional liver biopsies. The study also investigates how these tests might be used to track the effectiveness of antiviral therapy. Blood-based indices were evaluated, including the APRI ratio, the fibrosis-iv index, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (N/L) ratio, and the alanine aminotransferase-to-aspartate aminotransferase (AAR) ratio. Results highlight the potential of non-invasive methods as reliable alternatives to liver biopsy, paving the way for improved management of CHB. Two participant groups were established according to the METAVIR grading scheme. Each participant underwent measurements of several clinical indices, including the fibrosis-4 index, the (N/L) ratio, the alanine aminotransferase to AAR ratio, and APRI ratio." The mean platelet volume (MPV), AAR, FIB-4, APRI, N/Lratio, and platelet count hadAUROC values of 0.581, 0.558, 0.502, 0.505, 0.506, and 0.460, respectively. To determine if fibrosis was substantial or progressed, platelet counts were employed (METAVIR ≥2). APRI, FIB-4, N/L ratio, MPV, AAR, for detecting severe fibrosis (METAVIR = 2), and platelet count exhibited corresponding AUROCs of 0.473, 0.451, 0.484, 0.503, 0.525, and 0.605. Clinical evaluations for each participant included determining several indices: the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, the ratio of (N/L), the ratio of APRI to AAR, and the ratio of aspartate aminotransferase to platelets (APRI)." According to our research, severe fibrosis has only been partially detected via non-invasive diagnostic methods like APRI and FIB-4. Due to its unreliability, liver biopsies cannot currently be used in place of these assays. They are only applicable to Individuals who do not make excellent liver biopsies
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48

Poupon, Raoul. "Non-Invasive Assessment of Liver Fibrosis Progression and Prognosis in Primary Biliary Cholangitis." Digestive Diseases 33, Suppl. 2 (2015): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000440758.

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PBC (formerly known as primary biliary cirrhosis and now named primary biliary cholangitis) is a disease with a wide range of severity and variable rate of progression. The diagnosis of advanced liver fibrosis/cirrhosis portends an increased risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Because of its invasiveness, liver biopsy tends to be replaced by non-invasive tools for assessing liver fibrosis, making prognosis and optimising risk stratification for selection of patients, requiring new medical approaches. Many direct or indirect biomarkers have been found to correlate with the severity of liver fibrosis in PBC. They are easy to use but lack sensitivity and reproducibility in individuals with early stage disease. Three main radiologic approaches are currently proposed to assess liver fibrosis: vibration controlled transient elastography (VCTE), acoustic radiation force impulse and magnetic resonance elastography. Data using VCTE are available only for the longitudinal evaluation of liver fibrosis and prognosis in PBC. VCTE outperformed all other non-invasive current surrogate markers of liver fibrosis in PBC. Because of its high acceptability and its ability to predict hepatic decompensation, VCTE could be a useful tool to help allocate cirrhotic patients into different categories of risk. None of the radiologic and serum markers have a perfect accuracy in studies so far published. Concordance between VCTE and serum biomarkers is a prerequisite for a correct prognosis assessment in individuals in clinical practice.
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49

Maida, M., F. Macaluso, F. Salomone, and S. Petta. "Non-Invasive Assessment of Liver Injury in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review of Literature." Current Molecular Medicine 16, no. 8 (2016): 721–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1566524016666161004143613.

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50

Ivleva, Svetlana A., I. V. Dvoryakovskiy, and I. E. Smirnov. "MODERN NON-INVASIVE METHODS OF DIAGNOSTICS OF LIVER FIBROSIS IN CHILDREN." Russian Pediatric Journal 20, no. 5 (2019): 300–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/1560-9561-2017-20-5-300-306.

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The review presents modern non-invasive methods for diagnosing liver fibrosis in children. The tests of biochemical diagnostics of fibrosis are described, the structure of the liver parenchyma and degree of fibrosis are evaluated with the use of the traditional ultrasound technique and non-invasive quantitative evaluation of the liver structure: Acoustic Structure Quantification (ASQ) with the assessment of the density index (DI). ASQ is shown to allow receive valuable information on the acoustic structure of liver tissue in visual, parametric and numerical formats, that increases the quality, level and clinical significance of the diagnosis. Authors recommend this non-invasive method to determine the stages of liver fibrosis and subsequent long-term follow-up and monitoring of the effectiveness of its comprehensive therapy. The possibilities of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of fibrosis and liver cirrhosis in children are also underlined.
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