Relevant bibliographies by topics / Non-irritant

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Academic literature on the topic 'Non-irritant'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 26 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Non-irritant"

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Régnier, Jean-François, and Christophe Imbert. "Contributions of Physicochemical Properties to the Evaluation of Ocular Irritation." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 20, no. 3 (1992): 457–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299202000313.

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International guidelines for the evaluation of ocular irritation advise that all the available information, structural and physicochemical, should be taken into account in order to minimise the testing of substances under conditions that are likely to produce severe reactions in laboratory animals. In order to determine whether the pH and the acidic/alkaline reserve would be suitable parameters for the prediction of ocular irritation, we have measured, under standard conditions, the pH and the acidic/alkaline reserve of 166 chemicals (90 non-irritant, 22 irritant, and 54 severely irritant for the eye, according to the EEC classification and labelling system). The combination of these parameters permitted the correct identification of 74% of the severely irritant chemicals and 97% of the non-severely irritant (non-irritant or irritant) chemicals. The predictive value for a severely irritant potential was 93%, and 88% for non-severely irritant chemicals. This physicochemical approach, used as a first line screen for ocular irritation, is very simple and inexpensive.
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Combrier, Emmanuel, and Dominique Castelli. "The Agarose Overlay Method as a Screening Approach for Ocular Irritancy: Application to Cosmetic Products." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 20, no. 3 (1992): 438–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119299202000310.

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The in vitro agarose overlay method was investigated as an alternative to the Draize eye irritation test for the evaluation of the ocular irritancy of cosmetic products. Modifications to the original protocol include the definition of an area of lysis (expressed as a weighty)/toxicity relationship for each product by a planimetric method and the creation of an agarose classification. 56 different cosmetic formulations, including emulsions, gels, lotions and tonics, were evaluated using this modified test, and the results were correlated with in vivo Draize data. Four different agarose classes were delimited: non-irritant; minimally irritant; mildly irritant; and irritant; corresponding respectively to the following scoring scales (x 10 4g): 0; 0 <x<200; 200≤ x <450 and ≥ 450. A high correlation between the agarose overlay method and the Draize test was observed when taking into account two classes: non-irritant (non-irritant, minimally irritant) and irritant (mildly irritant, moderately irritant [Draize] or irritant [agarose]) as shown by an 86% concordance value. In this study, the sensitivity was 92% (11–12 irritants were predicted by the agarose diffusion method) and the specificity was 84%. The overestimation error of 16% suggests that the agarose overlay method might be slightly more sensitive than the Draize eye test. When applying the kappa test, the agarose overlay method reached a 64% coefficient, attesting that the good correlation with the Draize test was not due to chance. In relation to the Landis & Koch classification, this percentage places the agarose overlay method in the “good concordance” class. Based on these results, the use of the agarose overlay method for screening the ocular irritation potential for the cosmetics industry can be considered to be a very interesting alternative to be included in a battery of tests.
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Haehn, D., G. Prada, N. Chamorro Pareja, et al. "ALEMTUZUMAB SKIN TESTING: TO DILUTE OR NOT TO DILUTE; IRRITANT OR NON-IRRITANT." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 121, no. 5 (2018): S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.216.

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Mapari, Vaishnavi Sunil, Rupali Pachusing Sable, Shubhangi Prakash Borkar, Sanjana Bharat Mulavakar, Snehal Baban Sardar, and Aijaz A. Sheikh. "A Review on Nanoemulsions: Non-Toxic and Non-Irritant." International Journal of Advances in Pharmacy and Biotechnology 6, no. 3 (2020): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.38111/ijapb.20200603003.

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Pracy, J. P. M., P. Q. Montgomery, and N. Reading. "Acute pneumonitis caused by low density barium sulphate aspiration." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 107, no. 4 (1993): 347–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002221510012300x.

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The aspiration of contrast medium during the investigation of swallowing disorders is a well recognized hazard. It is therefore essential that the contrast medium administered is non-irritant to the lungs. A case is presented to illustrate the problems associated with the aspiration of a relatively non-irritant contrast medium.
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Sahu, Roshan Kumar, Bhupendra Singh, Shubhini A. Saraf, Gaurav Kaithwas, and Kamal Kishor. "Photochemical toxicity of drugs intended for ocular use." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 65, no. 2 (2014): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2461.

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AbstractThe present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the possible ocular phototoxicity of drugs used in ophthalmic formulations. Sulphacetamide, ketoconazole, voriconazole, diclofenac, and ketorolac were assessed in the concentrations available in the market for their ocular use. The suitable models viz Hen’s Egg Test Chorioallantoic Membrane (HET-CAM) test, Isolated Chicken Eye (ICE) test, and Red Blood Cell (RBC) haemolysis test as recommended by ECVAM, ICCVAM, and OECD guidelines were performed. Results of HET-CAM and ICE tests suggest that sulphacetamide is moderately toxic in the presence of light/UV-A and very slightly irritant without irradiation. Ketoconazole and voriconazole were found slightly irritant in presence of light/UV-A and non-irritant in dark. Diclofenac and ketorolac demonstrated slight irritancy in the light and were found to be non-irritant in dark. The results suggest that some of the drugs have potential toxic effect in the presence of light. The extent of phototoxicity might get extended when used for longer time. The recommendation is that these drugs should be stored and used in the dark for a specified time and be labelled with specific instructions for patients, especially for those working longer in the sunlight.
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Bangha, E., U. Hinnen, and P. Elsner. "Irritancy testing in occupational dermatology: comparison between two quick tests and the acute irritation induced by sodium lauryl sulphate." Acta Dermato-Venereologica 76, no. 6 (1996): 450–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2340/0001555576450452.

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To reduce the incidence of irritant contact dermatitis, the development of screening methods to identify subjects with increased susceptibility to irritants is essential. In a pilot study on the comparison between two quick, non-invasive irritancy tests (dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with the time-consuming patch testing with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS), no correlation between the "quick tests" and SLS patch testing was observed. In the present paper the results of irritancy testing in 181 metal worker trainees are presented. Experimental irritant contact dermatitis reactions were induced on the medial third of the volar forearm using SLS 0.5%, applied for 23 h and as "quick tests" DMSO 90% and 95% and a solution of 0.2% mol/l NaOH applied for 5 min. Assessment of skin irritability was made by visual scoring and measurement of transepidermal water loss. Except for a statistically significant relationship between the irritations by DMSO 90% and 95%, correlations between the different techniques were weak or non-existent. This is most probably due to different pathophysiological pathways for the irritant reactions. We therefore propose to use a spectrum of different tests in occupational dermatology for predicting the individual's risk of irritant contact dermatitis.
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MENDOZA MEZA, Dary Luz, and Stephanie SAAVEDRA A. "Chemical composition and anti-irritant capacity of whole body extracts of Ulomoides dermestoides (coleoptera, tenebrionidae)." Vitae 20, no. 1 (2013): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.10994.

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Background: In traditional medicine of Central and South America, the tenebrionid beetle Ulomoides dermestoides is used as an a phrodisiac, for the treatment of inflammatory diseases and cancer. Recently was reported cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of non-polar extract of U. dermestoides; also anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of aqueous whole body extract of beetle was reported, it suggests the existence of components with potential pharmacology use. On the other hand, it is necessary to identify those polar and non-polar extracts of U. dermestoides with anti-irritant properties for the membranes and blood vessels, which will be used in subsequence biological test and clinical assays. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to identify the chemical composition of methanolic and hexanic extracts of U. dermestoides, and to assess their anti-irritant capacity. Methods: The extracts were obtained from adult beetles of U. dermestoides. The chemical composition of the extracts was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the anti-irritant effect of each extract was evaluated by means of a modified assay of irritation of the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of fertilized chicken eggs (HET-CAM); the
 results were expressed as irritation index (IR). Results: Six common compounds were identified in both extracts: limonene, myristic, palmitic, estearic, oleic, and linoleic fatty acids. But in the alone methanolic extract were found: 1-pentadecanol, alpha-pinene, beta-phellandrene and alpha-terpinene, whereas in the
 hexanic extract were found: 2-methyl-p-benzoquinone, 2,4-dihidroxy-1-ethylbenzene, 2,5-dimethylquinone, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and alcohols. The methanolic extract of U. dermestoides showed potential anti-irritant effect in the HET-CAM test (IR = 3.09 ± 0.11), similar to that observed with Nimesulida (IR = 2.05 ± 0.14), a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used as positive control for irritation inhibition reaction. The hexanic extract did not show anti-irritant capacity. Conclusions: The results demonstrated the anti-irritant effect of the methanolic extracts of U. dermestoides that could be attributed to compounds with anti-inflammatory activity as oleic acid and limonene.
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Siracusa, Andrea, Ilenia Folletti, and Gianna Moscato. "Non-IgE-mediated and irritant-induced work-related rhinitis." Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology 13, no. 2 (2013): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aci.0b013e32835e12e7.

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Mechtler, A., I. Carrillo-Martin, K. Wierenga, and A. Gonzalez-Estrada. "M064 NON-IRRITANT CONCENTRATIONS FOR ASFOTASE ALFA SKIN TESTING." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 123, no. 5 (2019): S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2019.08.133.

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Books on the topic "Non-irritant"

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Tellis, Ashley J. US–India Relations. Edited by David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.35.

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Throughout the Cold War, relations between the United States and India were defined by the two countries’ often mismatched worldviews, national priorities, and capabilities. These three factors prevented Washington and New Delhi from realizing the full potential of their relationship, despite the natural kinship bestowed by their shared identity as liberal democracies. Today, although Cold War-era non-alignment politics and the irritant of India’s exclusion from the international nuclear non-proliferation regime have largely abated, vestiges of these structural constraints persist even as India opens itself to global markets and undertakes economic reforms. To make good on the strategic partnership to which they have committed themselves and which is especially important given China’s rising power, both countries must define a minimally acceptable notion of reciprocity in their interactions by reconciling the American expectations of exchange-based relations with the Indian desire for a no-obligations partnership that preserves its strategic autonomy.
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Book chapters on the topic "Non-irritant"

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Farage, Miranda A., Baiyang Wang, Kenneth W. Miller, and Howard Maibach. "Surface Skin Temperature in Tests for Irritant Dermatitis." In Non Invasive Diagnostic Techniques in Clinical Dermatology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32109-2_35.

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"non-irritant, adj. & n." In Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/6696505151.

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Rana, Amrita, Sindhu Abraham, Sharon Furtado, K. Megha, and J. Anbu. "In Vivo Skin Irritation Potential of a Topical Gel Loaded with Tea Tree Oil Nanosponges." In Current Trends in Drug Discovery, Development and Delivery (CTD4-2022). Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/9781837671090-00387.

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Tea tree oil is the most sought-after natural oil because of its diverse pharmacological actions. It is widely used as a superficial antiseptic because of its broad-spectrum antimicrobial action. However, the oil is volatile and direct application on the skin can cause severe erythema. The present work aims to overcome this issue by developing topical gels loaded with tea tree oil nanosponges. Tea tree oil was encapsulated into nanosponges by emulsion solvent evaporation using varying concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol and ethyl cellulose. The nanosponges formed were subsequently characterized for its size and drug entrapment and then loaded into carbopol 934 gels for convenient administration. The viscosity, pH, spreadability, extrudability, ex vivo permeation, skin irritation potential and antimicrobial activity of the gels were tested. The nanosponge formulations exhibited particle size in the range 307.8 -394.4 nm with an oil entrapment efficiency ranging from 62.40% - 89.50%. Scanning Electron Microscopy of nanosponges demonstrated the presence of nano sized pleomorphic particles with spongy surface. pH of the gels ranged between 6.37±0.11 to 6.45±0.21 and spreadability between 3.60±0.15 to 4.28±0.11 g.cm/sec. The gels extruded easily and uniformly from the collapsible tubes. The antimicrobial activity and in vivo skin-irritation studies confirmed the non-irritant nature of the gel along with its antifungal and antibacterial activity. The study demonstrated that showed that the encapsulation of tea tree oil within nanosponges helped in the prevention of side effects associated with the use of pure tea tree oil.
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Conference papers on the topic "Non-irritant"

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Zemba, Stephen G., Edmund A. C. Crouch, Michael E. Miller, and Laura C. Green. "Pink Sky in the Morning, Should There Be a Warning?" In 2013 21st Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec21-2721.

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Unexpected and unusual emissions from a large, mass-burn, waste-to-energy facility caused persistent and elevated opacity readings of the facility’s continuous opacity monitor (COM), and generated a visible pink-purple-tinted plume emanating from the exhaust stack. Non-radioactive iodine associated with medical wastes was determined to be responsible. As iodine is a known respiratory irritant, questions arose regarding potential short-term health risks to nearby residents. The rate of emission of the apparent release was estimated by two different methods, and then compared with facility-specific knowledge of waste composition. First, based on inverse, worst-case air dispersion modeling, the level of iodine emission that would be necessary to cause potential discomfort/mild irritation to people living near the facility was determined. Second, the level of iodine emission that would be necessary to account for elevations of in-stack opacity observed throughout the event was calculated. The level of iodine emissions necessary to cause mild health effects was found to be substantially greater than the actual release level as inferred from the opacity data. Moreover, based on descriptions of visual inspections of the waste stream and potential opacity interferences created by complex in-stack chemistry, it is likely that the opacity-based calculations overestimate the amount of iodine released. Accordingly, actual impacts are likely to have been smaller than those estimated herein. This paper discusses the process and procedures used to assess the health risk from this incident.
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