Academic literature on the topic 'Non-linear in nature'
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Journal articles on the topic "Non-linear in nature"
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Zuk, V., Y. Selin, and I. Shubenkova. "NONLINEAR NONSTATIONARY PROCESSES OF DIFFERENT NATURE. CLASSIFICATION." Znanstvena misel journal, no. 72 (November 21, 2022): 11–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7340679.
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The article is devoted to an actual problem - the development of a classification of non-linear non-stationary processes of different nature. The object of research is non-linear non-stationary processes in ecology, economics and finance. The necessity of developing a classification of non-linear non-stationary physical processes of various nature as a stage of increasing the adequacy of mathematical models of non-linear non-stationary processes and improving the quality of predictive estimates that are calculated using existing models is substantiated. The scheme of the developed classification is given.
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Prigogine, Ilya. "Non-linear science and the laws of nature." Journal of the Franklin Institute 334, no. 5-6 (1997): 745–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-0032(97)00025-2.
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Franzen, J. "The non-linear ion trap. Part 5. Nature of non-linear resonances and resonant ion ejection." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 130, no. 1-2 (1994): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(93)03907-4.
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Boeyer, Melanie E., Emily V. Leary, Richard J. Sherwood, and Dana L. Duren. "Evidence of the non-linear nature of skeletal maturation." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 7 (2020): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-317652.
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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess longitudinal trajectories of skeletal maturation to determine if children exhibit periods of rapid maturation during normal childhood and adolescence.DesignRetrospective longitudinal study. Patients: 345 participants, with an average of 25 assessments per participant, between 3 and 20 years of age from the Fels Longitudinal Study.Main outcome measuresChronological age (ie, timing) and rate (ie, tempo) of skeletal maturation, as assessed by the Fels Method, at each maturational milestone, as well as the duration of time spent between any two milestones, were calculated for each participant-specific maturational trajectory and compared between three unique, non-linear maturational trajectory types.ResultsMore than 81% of participants exhibited a rapid period of skeletal maturation during childhood and/or adolescence, most of whom were characterised by a single maturational spurt during adolescence. Participants with only a single adolescent spurt in skeletal maturation reach adolescent onset and peak approximately 2.8 and 4.2 years earlier, respectively, in boys (p<0.001) and girls (p<0.001), than when compared with participants with both childhood and adolescent spurts. Differences in the timing and tempo of maturational milestones were driven primarily by trajectory type.ConclusionsRapid changes in skeletal maturation occur during normal childhood and/or adolescence, indicating the presence of a maturational spurt: a developmental phenomenon that has remained largely uncharacterised. This work highlights patterned changes in the timing, tempo and duration of longitudinal skeletal maturation while simultaneously shifting the paradigm that skeletal maturation progresses linearly.
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Shur-Ofry, Michal. "Non-Linear Innovation." McGill Law Journal 61, no. 3 (2016): 563–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037967ar.
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Contemporary intellectual property theory concentrates on the cumulative and incremental nature of innovation and creation. A prevalent image depicts authors and inventors as “standing on the shoulders of giants.” This article focuses on a different type of innovation that has been largely overlooked by intellectual property theory and doctrine: innovation in the domains of science and art that breaks with convention, disputes existing paradigms, and “steps off” giants’ shoulders. I term it “non-linear innovation”. Drawing on multidisciplinary research ranging from the history of science, through network analysis of radical inventions, to studies of creativity, this article illuminates an embedded socio-cultural preference for incremental and linear novelty over paradigm-changing innovation. It then inquires whether intellectual property doctrine reflects this bias and whether the intellectual property regime can better foster non-linear innovation. The examination yields a series of counterintuitive recommendations concerning numerous patent and copyright law doctrines. More broadly, the analysis indicates that neither the “shoulders of giants” metaphor nor the opposite image of the “lone genius” adequately capture the dynamics of non-linear innovation. It further suggests that expanding intellectual property’s narrative of progress to accommodate non-linear innovation, alongside cumulative innovation, could significantly contribute to the ecosystem of innovation and creation.
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Garcia-Arroyo, José, and Amparo Osca. "Coping with burnout: Analysis of linear, non-linear and interaction relationships." Anales de Psicología 33, no. 3 (2017): 722–31. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.3.279441.
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This study analyzes the relationship between action-focused coping, emotion-focused coping and burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, cynicism and personal accomplishment) by comparing linear, non-linear and interaction models using quadratic regression analysis. The sample consisted of 202 college professors. Variables such as gender or age were not significant when explaining the relationship between coping and burnout. The results show significant negative relationships between emotion-focused coping and exhaustion and cynicism and positive relationships with personal accomplishment (linear model). They also show that very low or very high levels of emotion-focused coping diminish personal accomplishment significantly (non-linear model), and that the combined effect of strategies is significant, so that when the use of emotion-focused coping is greater than the use of action-focused coping, exhaustion increases and personal accomplishment decreases. These results support the idea that in order to better understand the flexible and adaptive nature of coping and that it operates in a combined process where one strategy affects the other, the application of non-linear and interaction models is very useful. Finally, we discuss the practical implications for future research and for prevention and intervention programs on burnout.
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G. Russon, Manuel, and Ahmad F. Vakil. "On the non-linear relationship between VIX and realized SP500 volatility." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 2 (2017): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(2-1).2017.05.
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VIX, a ticker symbol for Volatility Index, measures the implied annual volatility of at-the-money SP500 Index Options. Conventional wisdom presumes VIX to measure the magnitude (positive or negative) of possible movements in future equity prices, with movements being a positive function of VIX. This research investigates the nature of the relationship between VIX and SP500 volatility, and answers the question as to whether that relationship is linear or nonlinear. Based on this research paper, the authors conclude that the realized SP500 volatility is nonlinear, and grows with the level of VIX at an increasing rate. The nonlinearity relationship between VIX and SP500 has enormous implications for investment management and hedging in the financial markets.
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Ali, Benouis, Zahi Rachid, Moulgada Abdelmadjid, and Djebbar Noureddine. "LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR ANALYSES OF PRESSURE PIPE ELBOWS." Journal of the Serbian Society for Computational Mechanics 17, no. 1 (2023): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24874/jsscm.2023.17.01.05.
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The introduction of pressure piping increasingly requires the use of efficient materials which must withstand both high hydrostatic pressures, high mechanical loads and high thermal gradients. At nuclear power plants, piping systems are subjected to high pressures (up to 60 MPa). The occurrence of cracks and their possible spread is one of the serious risks in the industry. For this reason, elbows are considered critical components of a piping system. Therefore, in order to design and/or qualify a pipe structurally, it is useful to have a reliable evaluation of their structural behavior under different combined loads. The objective of this study is to determine analytical functions for the evaluation of the J integral as a function of crack size, elbow size, and the nature and intensity of loading. This assessment is derived from the numerical results obtained by the WARP3D calculation code exploiting the finite element method (FEM).
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Green, Claire. "non-linear politics of language." Groundings Undergraduate 6 (April 1, 2013): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/groundingsug.6.225.
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This article will examine the relation between power and language in the case of the repression of Catalan by Franco’s dictatorship. This is an issue of contemporary relevance, as the Catalan independence and language movements are coming to increasing prominence within the Spanish state. To analyse why language was of such concern for Franco’s regime, I will look at the relation of language and power in a broader theoretical sense, and how these concepts manifested themselves in the particular Catalan case. Finally, I will examine two events which serve as intersections of the myriad forces at play in Franco’s repression of Catalan. An analysis of the political nature of language in this context must allow for the multifaceted, non-linear interrelations of history, institutions and socio-cultural factors, and so will draw on the discussions of language in the work of Manuel de Landa, and Deleuze and Guattari.
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Zamboni, Mauro. "The Legislative Drafting in Sweden: Its Informal and Non-Linear Nature." Förvaltningsrättslig tidskrift, no. 2023 1 (February 27, 2023): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.53292/d32dfd4b.48eac920.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-linear in nature"
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French, Mark J. "The nature of the relationship between market orientation and performance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8950.
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A review of the literature indicates that a universally enhancing relationship between market orientation and performance is not conclusively supported. Recent research suggests that the relationship between marketing investments and profit may be inverted U-shaped such that there is an optimal level of marketing investments which maximises profit (Mantrala et al 2007). In this study, it is proposed that market orientation has different curvilinear relationships with different types of performance. Using a performance categorisation suggested by Kirca et al (2005), it is theorised that market orientation s relationship with revenue-based performance (e.g. sales growth, market share growth) is subject to diminishing returns such that performance is enhanced for all levels of market orientation but the incremental benefits diminish as market orientation increases. For cost-based performance (e.g. profit, return on sales), it is proposed that the incremental costs of implementing market oriented activities may exceed the benefits. Thus, cost-based performance may have an inverted U-shaped relationship with market orientation. Three mechanisms by which diminishing returns affect the market orientation - performance relationship are identified; duplication, contradiction and prioritisation. A review of over 400 papers in the market orientation literature demonstrates that a research gap exists for different curvilinear relationships between market orientation and different types of performance. In particular, an inverted U-shaped relationship has not previously been found between market orientation and profit. A sampling frame was selected to control for both the macro-environment, and different performance levels in different industries (Dess and Robinson 1984). In a sample of 113 UK car dealers operating in the new car market the hypothesised relationships were tested using both objective and subjective performance measures. The findings relating to objective performance measures support the full inverted U-shaped relationship between market orientation and profit across the observed range of values. The relationship for objective revenue-based performance is more curvilinear with significant linear and curvilinear components. In highly competitive environments maximum profit shifts to a higher level of market orientation and overall the relationship is predominantly enhancing. Conversely, in uncompetitive environments profit is maximised at a lower level of market orientation and the relationship becomes detrimental at moderate market orientation levels. In recession, the profit for all new car dealers is reduced and maximum profit occurs at a lower market orientation level. In addition, the relationship between market orientation and sales growth turns negative in a recession. Interestingly, the results for subjective performance are distinctly different to, and sometimes contradict, the objective performance results. In particular, subjective performance predominantly has a positive linear relationship with market orientation.
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Awada, Chawki. "Nature cohérente et incohérente de la réponse de Second Harmonique dans les nanostructures métalliques d’or et d’argent." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10071/document.
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Dans ce travail, les propriétés optiques non linéaires de différentes nanostructures métalliques à base d’or et d’argent sont étudiées. En particulier, une attention particulière est portée à la nature cohérente ou incohérente de la réponse. Pour cela, la technique de la Génération du Second Harmonique (SHG) est employée. C’est en effet l’une des méthodes optiques non linéaires les plus simples pour mettre en évidence cette nature cohérente ou incohérente de la réponse. Les échantillons utilisés pour cette mise en évidence sont constitués d’une part par des films diélectriques dopés par des nanoparticules bimétalliques d’alliages du type AuAg de différentes fractions molaires en or pour la réponse incohérente et d’autre part par des réseaux de nanocylindres d’or de différentes tailles disposés selon trois configurations géométriques (carrée, hexagonale et aléatoire) sur un substrat pour la réponse cohérente. La majeure partie du travail est dévolue à l’étude de la propagation et du doublage de fréquence en régime de faisceaux gaussiens et impulsions courtes dans les films diélectriques dopés par des nanoparticules bimétalliques en raison de phénomènes supplémentaires observés simultanément à la conversion de fréquence : absorption et réfraction non linéaire, phase de Gouy... Par la méthode des franges de Maker, les valeurs absolues des composantes de la susceptibilité non linéaire d’ordre 2 de ces films sont mesurées puis les valeurs absolues de l’hyperpolarisabilité quadratique des nanoparticules sont estimées sur la base d’un modèle de réponse incohérente. Enfin, une étude préliminaire sur la génération de continuum de lumière est présentée. La nature cohérente de la réponse SHG est recherchée dans les réseaux de nanocylindres. Nous montrons que l’origine de la réponse est associée à l’existence de défauts de surface dans ces nanostructures et donc conserve un caractère incohérent. Toutefois, nous avons pu mettre en évidence des effets associés à la taille des nanocylindres et à l’organisation des nanocylindres sur le substrat, ce dernier effet étant attaché à un caractère cohérent de la réponse<br>In this work, the non linear optical properties of different silver and gold metallic nanostructures are studied. In particular, a special attention is concerning the coherent or incoherent nature of the response. For that purpose, the Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) technique is used. It is indeed one of the simplest non linear optical methods to underline the coherent or incoherent nature of the response. Samples used for this reason are constituted on the first hand by dielectric films doped by bimetallic nanoparticles of clusters of the type AuAg of various gold molar fractions for the incoherent responses and on the other hand by arrays of gold nanocylinders of various sizes arranged according to three geometrical configurations (square, hexagonal and random) on a substrate for the coherent response. The major part of the work is devoted to the study of the propagation and the second harmonic frequency in regime of Gaussian beams and short pulses in dielectric films doped by bimetallic nanoparticles because of supplementary phenomena observed simultaneously in the conversion of frequency: non linear absorption and refraction, Gouy phase... By the method of the fringes of Maker, the absolute values of the coefficient of the second order non linear susceptibility of these films are measured then the absolute values of the quadratic hyperpolarizability of nanoparticles are estimated on the basis of a model of incoherent responses. Finally, a preliminary study on the light continuum generation is presented. The coherent nature of the SHG response is studied in the nanocylinders arrays. We show that the origin of the response is associated with the existence of the surface defects in these nanostructures and thus have an incoherent character. However, we were able to put in evidence the effects associated with the size of nanocylinders and with the organization of nanocylinders on the substrate, this last effect being attached to a coherent character of the response
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Jatkar, Kasturie. "Non-linear THz conductivity of graphene on a GaAs substrate." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för fysik och astronomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-421191.
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Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy has found widespread applications in the field of material science. With the development of laser technology, one can generate intense THz beams that allow us to probe materials in the non-linear regime. In this thesis, we used linear and non-linear THz radiation in a spectroscopy setup to measure the conductivity of a graphene sample coated on a semi-insulating gallium arsenide (GaAs) substrate. Different methods of analysis were compared. During this process we studied the optical constants of GaAs and observed their variation with the fields. It was found that the optical properties of GaAs show minor variations with field. The conductivity of graphene was seen to decrease with increase in THz frequency, although, it did not show a fixed pattern with varying fields.
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anderson, kaylee. "Using Linear Mixed Models to Analyze Native and Non-Native Species Abundances in Coastal Sage Scrub." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/807.
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Coastal Sage Scrub (CSS) is a low scrubland plant community native to the coasts of California, housing many threatened and endangered species. Due to the invasion of non-native plants, many areas of CSS have type converted to annual grasslands and the fire frequency has accelerated; fire in turn, may facilitate further invasion, leading to a loss of biodiversity. While many studies document post-fire succession in these communities, pre-fire data are rarely available for comparison, especially data on seedling emergence. I analyzed post-fire recovery of a type-converted grassland community, comparing seedling emergence data for the first and third year after fire to the three years preceding the fire. Non-native species abundances declined more after the fire than did native abundances. This pattern was still present in 2015, three years post-fire. Two native species, Amsinckia menziesii var. intermedia (Amsinckia) and Phacelia distans (Phacelia), were subjects of seed addition treatments pre-fire, but I found no evidence that past seeding increased their abundances post-fire. Amsincki did recover to its pre-fire density three years after the fire, while the density of Phacelia declined over 75% in both the year immediately post-fire and three years after the fire. However, a third native species, Lupinus bicolor (Lupinus), was both much more abundant and also more spatially widespread both immediately after the fire and two years later. This supports the hypothesis that Lupinus is stored in the soil seed bank and the fire may have given this species the opportunity to recover by lowering abundances of non-native competitors. This analysis will inform future conservation efforts by improving our understanding of how seed banks impact the post-fire recovery of native species.
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Ruellan, Benoît. "Fatigue of natural rubber at different temperatures : reinforcement due to strain-induced crystallization and modelling the non-linear damage evolution." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S058.
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Cette thèse de doctorat s'intéresse au comportement en fatigue du caoutchouc naturel (CN). Les CN présentent des propriétés physiques extraordinaires, typiquement l'habilité de cristalliser sous tension qui est responsable de leur haute résistance en fatigue. La cristallisation sous tension (CST, en français) est un phénomène hautement thermosensible. Mieux comprendre comment la CST renforce la durée de vie et comment la température altère cette propriété est donc un point clef afin d'améliorer la durabilité des élastomères. La présente thèse est divisée en trois parties. La première est dédiée à l'investigation du comportement en fatigue du CN à 23°C, elle confirme que la CST est responsable d'un renforcement en durée de vie. Par ailleurs, une analyse fractographique est menée afin de mieux comprendre les mécanismes de renforcement. Parmi les différents résultats obtenus, de nouveaux éléments sur le phénomène de formation de stries de fatigue sont proposés. La seconde partie traite de l'effet de la température sur le renforcement induit par la CST sous des chargements non-relaxants. De manière surprenante, un renforcement en durée de vie s'opère encore à 90°C, bien que la CST soit admise comme étant significativement atténuée, voire annulée à température élevée. En revanche, les effets de la CST disparaissent à 110°C. La troisième partie présente la construction d'un modèle de prédiction de durée de vie pour des chargements à amplitude variable. Le modèle prend en compte le renforcement en durée de vie induit par la CST, l'effet de la température ainsi que la non-linéarité de l'endommagement<br>The present thesis is dedicated to the investigation of the fatigue behavior of natural rubber (NR) under fatigue loadings. Natural rubbers exhibit extraordinary physical properties, typically the ability to crystallize under tension that is assumed to be responsible for their high fatigue resistance. Strain-induced crystallization (SIC) is a highly thermosensitive phenomenon. Better understanding how SIC reinforces the fatigue life and how temperature affects this property is therefore a key point to improve the durability of rubbers. The present thesis is divided in three parts. The first one is dedicated to the investigation of the fatigue behavior of NR at 23°C and confirms that SIC is responsible for a lifetime reinforcement. Furthermore, a post-mortem analysis is carried to better understand the reinforcement mechanisms. Among the different results obtained, new elements are provided on the fatigue striation phenomenon. The second part addresses the effect of temperature on the SIC-induced reinforcement under non-relaxing loadings. Surprisingly, a lifetime reinforcement still occurs at 90°C although SIC is assumed to be significantly attenuated if not cancelled at elevated temperatures. No SIC effect was observed at 110°C. The third part deals with the construction of a lifetime prediction model for variable loading amplitudes. This model accounts for the lifetime reinforcement due to SIC and the effect of temperature, as well as for non-linear damage
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Keller, Titus, and Danny Kowerko. "A web-based application for data visualisation and non-linear regression analysis including error calculation for laboratory classes in natural and life sciences." Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-229410.
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In practical laboratory classes students traditionally receive data by reading from a measurement device (ruler, clock, voltmeter, etc.) or digitally as files in exchange formats such as CSV (comma separated value). In many cases these data have to be processed later using non-linear regression, here referred to as curve fitting. Therefore, analog data first have to be digitalised and imported to a data analysis and visualisation program, which is often commercial and requires installation. In this paper we present an alternative concept fusing open-source community tools into a single page web application facilitating data acquisition, visualisation, analysis via non-linear regression and further post processing usable for error calculations. We demonstrate the e-learning potential of this web application accessible at curvefit.tu-chemnitz.de in the context of acquired data as typically obtained in physical laboratory classes from undergraduate studies. A prototype workflow for the topic 'specific electric resistance determination' is presented along with a technical description of the basic web technology used behind. Restrictions, such as limited portability or cumbersome ways to share results electronically between student and supervisor as occurring in traditional software applications are overcome by enabling export via URL.
The discussion is complemented by thorough comparison of curve fitting web applications with focus on their capability to be adaptable to user-specific models (equations) as faced by (undergraduate) students in the context of their education in laboratory classes in natural and life sciences, such as physics, biology and chemistry.
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Keller, Titus, and Danny Kowerko. "A web-based application for data visualisation and non-linear regression analysis including error calculation for laboratory classes in natural and life sciences." TUDpress, 2017. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20793.
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In practical laboratory classes students traditionally receive data by reading from a measurement device (ruler, clock, voltmeter, etc.) or digitally as files in exchange formats such as CSV (comma separated value). In many cases these data have to be processed later using non-linear regression, here referred to as curve fitting. Therefore, analog data first have to be digitalised and imported to a data analysis and visualisation program, which is often commercial and requires installation. In this paper we present an alternative concept fusing open-source community tools into a single page web application facilitating data acquisition, visualisation, analysis via non-linear regression and further post processing usable for error calculations. We demonstrate the e-learning potential of this web application accessible at curvefit.tu-chemnitz.de in the context of acquired data as typically obtained in physical laboratory classes from undergraduate studies. A prototype workflow for the topic 'specific electric resistance determination' is presented along with a technical description of the basic web technology used behind. Restrictions, such as limited portability or cumbersome ways to share results electronically between student and supervisor as occurring in traditional software applications are overcome by enabling export via URL.
The discussion is complemented by thorough comparison of curve fitting web applications with focus on their capability to be adaptable to user-specific models (equations) as faced by (undergraduate) students in the context of their education in laboratory classes in natural and life sciences, such as physics, biology and chemistry.
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Chrobok, Viktor. "Optimization of Harvesting Natural Resources." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-196942.
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The thesis describes various modifications of the predator-prey model. The modifications are considering several harvesting methods. At the beginning a solution and a sensitivity analysis of the basic model are provided. The first modification is the percentage harvesting model, which could be easily converted to the basic model. Secondly a constant harvesting including a linearization is derived. A significant part is devoted to regulation models with special a focus on environmental applications and the stability of the system. Optimization algorithms for one and both species harvesting are derived and back-tested. One species harvesting is based on econometrical tools; the core of two species harvesting is the modified Newton's method. The economic applications of the model in macroeconomics and oligopoly theory are expanded using the methods derived in the thesis.
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Agarrallua, Marcio Renato Àvila. "Identificação de substâncias não intencionalmente adicionadas (NIAS) de PELBD expostas a envelhecimento natural e acelerado visando sua utilização em embalagens de alimentos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/134564.
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A indústria alimentícia utiliza variados materiais para embalagens, sendo o polietileno de baixa densidade linear (PELBD) um dos materiais de maior importância, por possuir características únicas e adequadas à produção de embalagens. A geração de espécies químicas em embalagens de alimentos vem sendo foco de estudos no mundo. Este controle de compostos é denominado como estudo de Substâncias Não Intencionalmente Adicionadas (NIAS) e tem sua importância justificada pela preocupação com a saúde humana devido à capacidade de contaminação do alimento embalado. Para este estudo foram escolhidas duas resinas PELBD amplamente aplicadas na produção de embalagens alimentícias, analisadas na forma de pellets. As amostras foram nomeadas como PELBD1 e PELBD2 e analisadas antes e após exposição natural e acelerada (estufa a 50°C) de um, dois e três meses. Ambas apresentaram grande aumento no número de NIAS detectadas por Cromatografia Gasosa com detecção de Massas (GC-MS) após envelhecimentos, quando comparadas à resina virgem, chegando a 1100% em PELBD1 e 100% em PELBD2, com surgimento de substâncias oxigenadas e tóxicas. O aditivo antioxidante ativo foi sendo consumido e analisado via Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (HPLC) ao longo das exposições, confirmando os efeitos do envelhecimento. Através do Infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) foi verificada degradação inicial em PELBD1 exposto por três meses à estufa. Porém, até mesmo em períodos menores de exposição natural, a formação de grupos cromóforos foi comprovada pela análise de cor, onde houve pequeno e gradual aumento do amarelecimento e diminuição da brancura principalmente em PELBD1. Por Cromatografia de Permeação à Gel (GPC), as amostras apresentaram pequena tendência para diminuição de M̅z. Já nas análises de Reometria Rotacional com variação de Frequência (DSR), Índice de Fluidez (IF) e Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC), foram observadas mínimas tendências de degradação. Pode-se concluir a partir destes resultados que a maior degradação e produção de NIAS ocorreram em ambiente acelerado. Esta pesquisa trouxe grandes contribuições para futuros trabalhos que envolvam o estudo de NIAS e suas condições de formação.<br>The food industry uses various packaging materials being linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) one of the most important materials, have unique features suitable for the production and packaging. The generation of chemical species in food packages has been the focus of research in the world. This control compounds is referred to as study Non-Intentionally Added Substances (NIAS) and has its importance justified by concern human health because of capacity contamination the food packaging. For this study it was chosen two LLDPE resins widely applied in the production of food packaging, analyzed in the form of pellets. The samples were named as PELBD1 and PELBD2 and analyzed before and after natural and accelerated exposure (oven at 50°C) of a two and three months. Both showed huge increase in the number of NIAS detected by Gas Chromatography with Mass detection (GC-MS) after ageing, when compared to virgin resin, reaching of 1100% in PELBD1 and 100% in PELBD2 with the appearance of oxygen substances and toxic substances. The active antioxidant additive was being consumed and analyzed via High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), during the exposures, confirming the effects of ageing. For Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) was observed in initial degradation PELBD1 exposed for three months in an oven. However, even at under natural exposure periods, the formation of chromophoric groups were confirmed by analysis of color where there was a slight and gradual increase in yellowing and brightness decreased mainly PELBD1. For the Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), the samples showed a slight tendency to decrease M̅z. Already in the analysis of Rheometry Rotational Varying Frequency (DSR), Melt Flow Index (MFI) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), were observed minimum trends of degradation. It can concluded from these results that the greatest degradation and NIAS production occurred in an accelerated environment. This research has brought great contributions to future work involving the study of NIAS and their conditions of training.
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Daoud, Hajer. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement mécanique et vibratoire des composites biosourcés incorporant des matériaux fonctionnels." Thesis, Le Mans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LEMA1017/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur l’étude du comportement mécanique et vibratoire d’un composite biosourcé incorporant un matériau viscoélastique. Les matériaux étudiés sont des stratifiés en composite lin/greenpoxy et des stratifiés viscoélastiques composés d'un noyau viscoélastique en caoutchouc naturel confiné entre deux composites. La première partie du travail a été consacrée à l’étude de l’influence de l’intégration de la couche viscoélastique sur le comportement mécanique des composites. L’analyse des résultats expérimentaux et l’observation des signaux d’émission acoustique obtenus dans ces composites soumis à différentes sollicitations mécaniques en statique et en fatigue ont permis d’identifier les signatures acoustiques des mécanismes d’endommagement prépondérants dans les deux matériaux. Dans un deuxième temps, les propriétés dynamiques de ces composites ont été déterminées à partir des essais de vibration. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que la couche viscoélastique a joué un rôle majeur dans l'amortissement et la dissipation d'énergie des composites. Suite à cette analyse, nous avons mis en place une procédure, utilisant la méthode des éléments finis, pour calculer l’amortissement de ces matériaux. Dans le but de mettre en évidence l’influence des caractéristiques de la couche viscoélastique, une étude paramétrique a été menée sur le composite viscoélastique, permettant d’optimiser l’amortissement de ce matériau en faisant varier divers paramètres. Enfin, le comportement visqueux des composites a été caractérisé par la méthode de résonance non linéaire en faisant varier l’amplitude d’excitation<br>This thesis focuses on the study of the mechanical and vibration behaviour of a flax fibre reinforced composites with and without an interleaved natural viscoelastic layer. The composite materials have been characterized experimentally using different mechanical and vibrational tests. First, both types of composites were studied using uni-axial tensile and three-points bending tests. Acoustic emission (AE) has been often used for the identification and characterization of micro failure mechanisms in composites. The results showed that these composites have very high specific characteristics. It can be used for applications currently using composites reinforced with synthetic fibres such glass, carbon…. Next, experimental and finite element vibration analyses were carried out on the composites with and without an interleaved natural viscoelastic layer. A good agreement between the two methods was obtained. It has been shown that the viscoelastic layer plays a major role in damping because it has a high level of energy dissipation. Therefore, it improves with a significant way the modal properties of the composite. Finally, nonlinear resonance tests were performed on the composites. It has been shown that the viscoelastic layer generates a nonlinear behaviour in the material. The linear and nonlinear, elastic and dissipative parameters have been calculated to deduce finally that nonlinear parameters are more sensitive to heterogeneities than those derived from linear vibration tests
Books on the topic "Non-linear in nature"
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Ninul, Anatolij Sergeevič. Tenzornaja trigonometrija: Teorija i prilozenija / Theory and Applications /. Mir Publisher, 2004.
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Huffaker, Ray, Marco Bittelli, and Rodolfo Rosa. Nonlinear Time Series Analysis with R. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782933.001.0001.
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In the process of data analysis, the investigator is often facing highly-volatile and random-appearing observed data. A vast body of literature shows that the assumption of underlying stochastic processes was not necessarily representing the nature of the processes under investigation and, when other tools were used, deterministic features emerged. Non Linear Time Series Analysis (NLTS) allows researchers to test whether observed volatility conceals systematic non linear behavior, and to rigorously characterize governing dynamics. Behavioral patterns detected by non linear time series analysis, along with scientific principles and other expert information, guide the specification of mechanistic models that serve to explain real-world behavior rather than merely reproducing it. Often there is a misconception regarding the complexity of the level of mathematics needed to understand and utilize the tools of NLTS (for instance Chaos theory). However, mathematics used in NLTS is much simpler than many other subjects of science, such as mathematical topology, relativity or particle physics. For this reason, the tools of NLTS have been confined and utilized mostly in the fields of mathematics and physics. However, many natural phenomena investigated I many fields have been revealing deterministic non linear structures. In this book we aim at presenting the theory and the empirical of NLTS to a broader audience, to make this very powerful area of science available to many scientific areas. This book targets students and professionals in physics, engineering, biology, agriculture, economy and social sciences as a textbook in Nonlinear Time Series Analysis (NLTS) using the R computer language.
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Lelevkin, V. М. LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR EQUATIONS OF PHYSICS. Lectures and practical classes. A short course. Publishing house of KRSU, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36979/978-9967-19-916-3-2022.
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The book presents a short course of lectures and classes on the discipline “Linear and non-linear equations of Physics” for students of natural and technical faculties. It includes examples of various physical phenomena investigation based on differential equations solution. The course includes a classification of second-order partial differential equations from two independent variables and a methodology of their canonicalization. Much attention is paid to boundary value problems for hyperbolic, parabolic and elliptic types, to methodology of the given equations solution and a physical interpretation of the findings. The book gives brief information about special functions and their application to solving physical problems. It also describes the universal method of differential equations solving – method of finite difference. In the annex, one can see a possibility of investigating electron motion in the atomic nucleus electric field by means of differential equations. A short course: “Linear and non-linear equations of Physics” can be of use as a training material for post-graduate students, researchers and engineers dealing with mathematical modelling and physical phenomena investigation by means of differential equations.
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Дятел, Ольга, Ірина Чужинова, and Альона Каравай. The Role of Art in the Post-War Recovery of Ukraine. Public Union Centre for Regional Development, 2025. https://doi.org/10.70719/respol.2025.16.
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One of the most significant challenges facing Ukrainian society in general, and the cultural and artistic spheres in particular, is demographic in nature. We are talking about the current outflow and loss of human capital, compounded by a projected demographic shock until at least 2040. This means that in the format of the so-called non-linear and adaptive Recovery in the field of culture and art, we should focus on preserving, retaining, and returning people, as well as consolidating communities and building professional connections with Ukrainians abroad – or, in line with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ narrative, with “global Ukrainians.” Additionally, this strategy highlights the necessity of differentiated, tailored support formats for culture and the arts across different regions, recognising that realities and needs vary significantly.
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Hilliges, Otmar. Input Recognition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799603.003.0004.
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Sensing of user input lies at the core of HCI research. Deciding which input mechanisms to use and how to implement them such that they work in a way that is easy to use, robust to various environmental factors and accurate in reconstruction of the users intent is a tremendously challenging problem. The main difficulties stem from the complex nature of human behavior which is highly non-linear, dynamic and context dependent and can often only be observed partially. Due to these complexities, research has turned its attention to data-driven techniques in order to build sophisticated and robust input recognition mechanisms. In this chapter we discuss the most important aspects that constitute data-driven signal analysis approaches. The aim is to provide the reader with an overall understanding of the process irrespective of the exact choice of sensor or machine learning algorithm.
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Healey, Richard. Interlude: Some Alternative Interpretations. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714057.003.0007.
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An understanding of quantum theory is manifested by the ability successfully and unproblematically to use it to further the scientific goals of prediction, explanation, and control of natural phenomena. An Interpretation seeks further to formulate or reformulate it as a fundamental theory that provides a self-contained description of the world. I critically review three prominent but radically different Interpretations of quantum theory (Bohmian mechanics, non-linear theories, Everettian quantum mechanics) and give my reasons for rejecting each as a way of understanding quantum theory. These include problems associated with non-locality, failure of relativistic invariance, empirical inaccessibility, and decision-making. We can achieve a satisfactory understanding of quantum theory and how it successfully advances the goals of science without providing an Interpretation of the theory.
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Leman, Peter. Singing the Law. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621136.001.0001.
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“Singing the Law” is about the legal lives and afterlives of oral cultures in East Africa, particularly as they appear within the pages of written literatures during the colonial and postcolonial periods. In examining these cultures, I begin with an analysis of the cultural narratives of time and modernity that formed the foundations of British colonial law. Recognizing the contradictory nature of these narratives (i.e., they both promote and retreat from the Euro-centric ideal of temporal progress) enables us to make sense of the many representations of and experiments with non-linear, open-ended, and otherwise experimental temporalities that we find in works of East African literature that take colonial law as a subject or point of critique. Many of these works, furthermore, consciously appropriate orature as an expressive form with legal authority. This affords them the capacity to challenge the narrative foundations of colonial law and its postcolonial residues and offer alternative models of temporality and modernity that give rise, in turn, to alternative forms of legality. East Africa’s “oral jurisprudence” ultimately has implications not only for our understanding of law and literature in colonial and postcolonial contexts, but more broadly for our understanding of how the global south has shaped modern law as we know and experience it today.
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Drury, Joseph. Novel Machines. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792383.001.0001.
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Novel Machines argues that many of the most important formal innovations in eighteenth-century fiction were critical responses to the new prominence of machines in Britain’s Industrial Enlightenment. Although narratives and machines had been seen as sharing a basic affinity since Aristotle, their relationship acquired a new urgency in the eighteenth century as authors sought to organize their narratives according to the new ideas about nature, art, and the human subject that emerged out of the Scientific Revolution. Novel Machines tracks the consequences of this effort to transform the novel into an Enlightenment machine. On the one hand, the rationalization of the novel’s narrative machinery helped establish its legitimacy, such that by the end of the century it could be celebrated as a modern ‘invention’ that provided valuable philosophical knowledge about human nature. On the other hand, conceptualizing the novel as a machine opened up a new line of attack for the period’s moralists, whose polemics against the novel were often framed in the same terms used to reflect on the uses and effects of machines in other contexts. Eighteenth-century novelists responded by adapting the novel’s narrative machinery, devising in the process some of the period’s most characteristic and influential formal innovations. Novel Machines focuses on four of these innovations: the extended representation of the deliberating mind in Eliza Haywood’s amatory fiction; Henry Fielding’s performative, self-conscious narrator; Laurence Sterne’s slow, digressive, non-linear narration; and the atmospheric descriptions of acousmatic sound in Ann Radcliffe’s gothic romances.
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Patisaul, Heather B., and Scott M. Belcher. Defining Endocrine Disruption. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199935734.003.0002.
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Chapter 2 reviews the origin of the concept of endocrine disruption and presents a comprehensive treatment of the changing and often competing definitions of endocrine disruptors. The factors influencing the different definitions, impacts of including specific terms, such as “adverse” or “harm,” in this definition, and the important influences surrounding a specific definition are examined. Building on this background, the concept and definition of “neuroendocrine disruption” as “an exogenous chemical substance or mixture that alters the structure or function(s) of the neuroendocrine system” are presented. The distinctions between neurotoxicity and neuroendocrine disruption are delineated, and sources of endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) exposures from man-made chemicals and “natural” compounds are discussed. Key concepts related to EDC action, including critical windows of sensitivity, early life exposure and later in life disease, multigenerational effects, non-linear and non-monotonic dose responses, low-dose and sex-specific effects, along with key toxicological definitions, are presented.
Book chapters on the topic "Non-linear in nature"
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Tobias, Michael Charles, and Jane Gray Morrison. "Non-Linear Ethics." In On the Nature of Ecological Paradox. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64526-7_91.
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Tobias, Michael Charles, and Jane Gray Morrison. "Non-linear Reciprocity." In On the Nature of Ecological Paradox. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64526-7_53.
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Golitsyn, Georgy, and Costas Varotsos. "The Climate Linear and Non-linear Regime." In The Stochastic Nature of Environmental Phenomena and Processes. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77015-9_26.
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Glazman, Roman E. "Fractal Nature of Surface Geometry in a Developed Sea." In Non-Linear Variability in Geophysics. Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2147-4_15.
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Fortescue, Michael. "The non-linear nature of diachronic change." In Competing Models of Linguistic Change. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.279.03for.
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Dhiman, Gaurav, and Vijay Kumar. "Spotted Hyena Optimizer for Solving Complex and Non-linear Constrained Engineering Problems." In Harmony Search and Nature Inspired Optimization Algorithms. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0761-4_81.
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Morozova, Nelli I., Olga S. Buryakova, and Natalia Z. Aliyeva. "Dangers and Threats of the Global Digital Space: A Non-linear Approach." In Artificial Intelligence: Anthropogenic Nature vs. Social Origin. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39319-9_18.
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Prajapati, Raju, Om Prakash Dubey, and Efren Mezura-Montes. "Improved Particle Swarm Optimization and Non-quadratic Penalty Method for Non-linear Programming Problems with Equality Constraints." In Handbook of Nature-Inspired Optimization Algorithms: The State of the Art. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07516-2_4.
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Samsonenko, N. D., N. I. Nosanov, and S. N. Samsonenko. "Nature of the Origin of Non-Linear Current-Voltage Characteristics in Polycrystalline Diamond Materials." In Diamond Based Composites. Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5592-2_29.
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Nikolaeva, Ralitza. "The True Nature of Non-Linear Dynamic Effects: A Methodology to the Rescue of Imprecise Theory." In Looking Forward, Looking Back: Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Marketing. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24184-5_81.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Non-linear in nature"
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Rogers, D. J., D. Dong, and T. Mumby. "A Laboratory Study of the Lifetime of Titanium Anodes for Cathodic Protection of Steel Reinforcing Bar in Atmospherically-Exposed Concrete." In CORROSION 1997. NACE International, 1997. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1997-97249.
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Abstract Uncatalyzed titanium is shown to be usable under some cathodic protection (CP) applications. At high current densities, such as those employed in NACE Standard Test Method TMO294-94, passivation of uncatalyzed titanium occurs as expected. However, the non-linear nature of the current density versus time relationship can lead to significant lifetimes when the uncatalyzed titanium anode is operated at current densities approaching typical CP applications. Predicted lifetimes at current densities typically used in impressed current CP applications are sensitive to the history of the titanium anode (mechanical, chemical or thermal treatment), the test electrolyte, and the mathematical function used to extrapolate the data to CP operational current densities. Comparison of predicted lifetimes, obtained from the mathematical functions derived from laboratory experiments, with data obtained from samples tested in concrete panels under a number of current densities and atmospheric conditions, are encouraging.
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Kim, Sunwoo, Joungho Park, and Jay H. Lee. "Integrated Temporal Planning for Design and Operation of the International Green Ammonia Supply Chain." In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design. PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.156355.
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This research is dedicated to designing and economically evaluating the green ammonia supply chain, considering the fluctuating nature of renewable energy sources and energy demand across both hourly and seasonal variations. It also explores the impact of economies of scale and the delays associated with long-distance shipping to meet energy demands in a timely manner. These considerations require the formulation of a Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming model, further complicated by the necessity for a two-stage stochastic programming approach. We introduce a hierarchical optimization framework that utilizes a decomposition method to differentiate between one-time design decisions and subsequent operational choices. At the upper level, potential design solutions are identified through the Bayesian Optimization and Hyperband algorithm, which effectively navigates the non-linear challenges posed by economies of scale. The lower level then addresses a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming problem to independently assess the feasibility of each scenario. Our empirical analysis includes case studies of three potential international routes for transporting green ammonia to Korea. We contrasted our methodology with a hypothetical scenario that presupposes a constant supply of power and a stable demand for energy. Additionally, techno-economic analyses were conducted to evaluate the implications of the minimum operational limits for electrolyzers.
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Basimov, M. "Non-Linear Nature Of Respondents’ Socialattitudes." In RPTSS 2018 - International Conference on Research Paradigms Transformation in Social Sciences. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.12.17.
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Basimov, Mikhail. "The Non-Linear Nature Of Positive Parental Feelings." In SCTCMG 2019 - Social and Cultural Transformations in the Context of Modern Globalism. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.12.04.503.
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Patil, Lakshmishree C., Minal Salunke, and S. B. Karajgi. "Mathematical Analysis of Nature-Inspired Algorithm to Non-Linear Functions." In 2022 International Conference on Smart Generation Computing, Communication and Networking (SMART GENCON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartgencon56628.2022.10084088.
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Popova, Tatiana I. "NON-LINEAR MEANINGS OF A MEDIA TEXT." In 49th International Philological Conference in Memory of Professor Ludmila Verbitskaya (1936–2019). St. Petersburg State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/9785288062353.20.
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The article deals with the problems of forming the meaning of the media text. The author focuses on the metatext elements of video blogs. The material of the study is the video blogs Parthenon by Leonid Parfenov and Eschenepozner by Nikolai Solodnikov. For the analysis of metetaxt units, the method of reconstruction of the intentional-semantic structure of the text is used. The semantics and type of the text to which the metatext comment is given are determined, as well as the nature of the metatext comment. The correlation between the semantics and the type of the main text and its meta-text commentary is revealed. The method of compositional analysis is used: the nature of the connectivity of the main text and metatext elements, the local and global connectivity of the compositional parts of the text and their metatext comments are determined. Semiotic methods are used to determine the nature of the relationship between the verbal and media components of the media text. The author distinguishes two types of metatext elements in video blogs: written inserts and out-of-text metatext notes. The author comes to the conclusion that at the level of local connectivity, metatext elements perform an informative function, and at the level of global connectivity — an evaluative one. The metatext commentary has a neutral objective character, at the level of local connectivity; it complements the main text, expanding its referential side. Metatext elements, on the one hand, serve to attract and retain the attention of the addressee, on the other hand, strengthen the critical perception of the information heard. Refs 16.
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Wehle, F., A. Schmidt, S. Opel, and R. Velten. "Non-Linear BWR Stability Analysis." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48395.
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Power oscillations associated with density waves in boiling water reactors (BWRs) have been studied widely. Industrial research in this area is active since the invention of the first BWR. Stability measurements have been performed in various plants already during commissioning phase but especially the magnitude and divergent nature of the oscillations during the LaSalle Unit 2 nuclear power plant event on March 9, 1988, renewed concern about the state of knowledge oN BWR instabilities. The appropriate representation of the physical processes in the non-linear regime requires typically time domain stability analysis. The objective of this paper is to present a physical model, applicable for stability analysis in the non-linear regime, which extends to high amplitude oscillations where inlet reverse flow occurs. The application of this model gives a deeper insight into the physical reasons for the prevention of the uncontrolled divergence of BWR oscillations. The mechanisms that have a stabilizing effect are demonstrated.
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Basimov, Mikhail. "Non-Linear Nature Of Tolerance Characteristic “Sensation Of Closeness To One’s Family”." In RPTSS 2017 International Conference on Research Paradigms Transformation in Social Sciences. Cognitive-Crcs, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2018.02.17.
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Khe, Ch, D. G. Buslovich, L. A. Kornienko, and S. V. Panin. "STUDY OF SOLID-LUBRICANT FILLERS OF DIFFERENT NATURE IN THE FORMATION OF ANTIFRICTION PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC POLYETHERSULPHONE (PES)." In Physical Mesomechanics of Materials. Physical Principles of Multi-Layer Structure Forming and Mechanisms of Non-Linear Behavior. Novosibirsk State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1353-3-302.
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Church, E. L., S. C. Feng, and P. Z. Takacs. "Non-Linear Effects in Optical Surface Metrology." In Optical Fabrication and Testing. Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oft.1988.tha7.
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This paper examines non-linear effects which appear in the measurement of surface topography by phase-shifting interference microscopy due to the non-linear relationship between the measured profile, Zm(x), and the true profile, Zt(x). To lowest order this is where P(x) is the point-spread function of the measurement. In an ideal system P(x) = δ(x), the non-linear functions Arg and Exp cancel, and Zm(x) = Zt(x). In real systems, however, P(x) has a finite width which upsets this proportionality. In earlier studies we developed comprehensive models for P(x) by comparing optical and mechanical measurements of smooth surfaces [1,2]. Here we use these models to explore the nature and magnitudes of the non-linear effects which arise in the measurement of rough deterministic and random surfaces for which the linearization of Eq. 1 is not possible. This is done both analytically and via Monte-Carlo simulations.
Reports on the topic "Non-linear in nature"
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Allen, Bernal B. The Non-Linear Nature of Information and its Implications for Advanced Technology Forces. Defense Technical Information Center, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada351665.
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Dassanayake, Wajira, Chandimal Jayawardena, Iman Ardekani, and Hamid Sharifzadeh. Models Applied in Stock Market Prediction: A Literature Survey. Unitec ePress, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.12019.
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Stock market prices are intrinsically dynamic, volatile, highly sensitive, nonparametric, nonlinear, and chaotic in nature, as they are influenced by a myriad of interrelated factors. As such, stock market time series prediction is complex and challenging. Many researchers have been attempting to predict stock market price movements using various techniques and different methodological approaches. Recent literature confirms that hybrid models, integrating linear and non-linear functions or statistical and learning models, are better suited for training, prediction, and generalisation performance of stock market prices. The purpose of this review is to investigate different techniques applied in stock market price prediction with special emphasis on hybrid models.
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Melcangi, Davide, and Silvia Sarpietro. Nonlinear Firm Dynamics. Federal Reserve Bank of New York, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.59576/sr.1088.
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This paper presents empirical evidence on the nature of idiosyncratic shocks to firms and discusses its role for firm behavior and aggregate fluctuations. We document that firm-level sales and productivity are hit by heavy-tailed shocks and follow a nonlinear stochastic process, thus departing from the canonical linear. We estimate a state-of-the-art model to flexibly capture the rich dynamics uncovered in the data and characterize the drivers of nonlinear persistence and non-Gaussian shocks. We show that these features are crucial to get empirically plausible volatility and persistence of micro-originated (granular) aggregate fluctuations.
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Perdigão, Rui A. P. New Horizons of Predictability in Complex Dynamical Systems: From Fundamental Physics to Climate and Society. Meteoceanics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/211021.
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Discerning the dynamics of complex systems in a mathematically rigorous and physically consistent manner is as fascinating as intimidating of a challenge, stirring deeply and intrinsically with the most fundamental Physics, while at the same time percolating through the deepest meanders of quotidian life. The socio-natural coevolution in climate dynamics is an example of that, exhibiting a striking articulation between governing principles and free will, in a stochastic-dynamic resonance that goes way beyond a reductionist dichotomy between cosmos and chaos. Subjacent to the conceptual and operational interdisciplinarity of that challenge, lies the simple formal elegance of a lingua franca for communication with Nature. This emerges from the innermost mathematical core of the Physics of Coevolutionary Complex Systems, articulating the wealth of insights and flavours from frontier natural, social and technical sciences in a coherent, integrated manner. Communicating thus with Nature, we equip ourselves with formal tools to better appreciate and discern complexity, by deciphering a synergistic codex underlying its emergence and dynamics. Thereby opening new pathways to see the “invisible” and predict the “unpredictable” – including relative to emergent non-recurrent phenomena such as irreversible transformations and extreme geophysical events in a changing climate. Frontier advances will be shared pertaining a dynamic that translates not only the formal, aesthetical and functional beauty of the Physics of Coevolutionary Complex Systems, but also enables and capacitates the analysis, modelling and decision support in crucial matters for the environment and society. By taking our emerging Physics in an optic of operational empowerment, some of our pioneering advances will be addressed such as the intelligence system Earth System Dynamic Intelligence and the Meteoceanics QITES Constellation, at the interface between frontier non-linear dynamics and emerging quantum technologies, to take the pulse of our planet, including in the detection and early warning of extreme geophysical events from Space.
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Hicks, Jacqueline. Defining and Measuring Diplomatic Influence. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.032.
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This review found no sources of straightforward indicators for use in measuring diplomatic influence. The literature and evaluations found to recommend the use of tailor-made evaluations to account for “differences in diplomatic settings, diplomatic activities and policy fields”. They hinge on developing a theory of change alongside questions and evaluation criteria that are context-specific. They rely on assessing intermediate goals as a ‘proxy’ for the immeasurable long-term influence, and causal contributions (contributed to a result) rather than causal attributions (caused a result). It was also frequently mentioned that programme designers tend to design programmes to support diplomatic influence without specific and measurable objectives because influencing processes are by nature non-linear. In these cases, evaluations will be correspondingly unable to provide specific and measurable indicators of achievement.
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Straub, Stéphane. Empirical Determinants of Good Institutions: Do We Know Anything? Inter-American Development Bank, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011558.
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Abundant empirical evidence links well-functioning institutions and good governance to better economic and social outcomes. It is thus an important challenge to determine which conjunction of factors produces better institutions. Along this line, the objective of this paper is twofold. First, it examines the existing results of the literature on this matter in a critical way, tries to assess their robustness, and explores alternative methodology. Second, it makes use of a more comprehensive database, including all the aspects previously analyzed in a separate manner, to derive systematic empirical results. After discussing the traditional robustness checks employed, for example, in the empirical growth literature, which appear to be of limited usefulness, we introduce factor analysis as a preliminary step toward model specification and subsequently perform multiple regression analysis. Of the four levels of explanation that we identify, namely control and historical variables, the nature of the political game, the size and nature of existing rents to be allocated, and the nature and quality of bureaucratic incentives, the later appears to be the more clearly linked to institutional quality. However, the results prove not robust when dealing with endogeneity problems. Various kinds of interactions and non-linear effects are also investigated, yielding no clear insights. We conclude regarding the fragility of existing data, in particular with respect to the incentive structure, and the need for a better theoretical understanding of the underlying mechanisms.
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Agarwala, Matthew, Matt Burke, Jennifer Doherty-Bigara, Patrycja Klusak, and Kamiar Mohaddes. Climate Change and Sovereign Risk: A Regional Analysis for the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012885.
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Climate change is an existential threat to the world economy, with complex, evolving and nonlinear dynamics that remain a source of great uncertainty. There is a bourgeoning literature on the economic impact of climate change, but research on how climate change affects sovereign risks is limited. This paper provides forward-looking regional analysis of the effects of climate change on sovereign creditworthiness, probability of default and the cost of borrowing for the Caribbean economies. Our results indicate that there is substantial variation in the sensitivity of ratings to climate change across the region which is due to the non-linear nature of ratings. Our findings improve the identification and management of sovereign climate risk and provides a forward-looking assessment of how climate change could affect the cost of accessing international finance. As such, it leads to a suite of policy options for countries in the region.
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Galindo, Arturo J., and Roberto Steiner. Asymmetric Interest Rate Transmission in an Inflation Targeting Framework: The Case of Colombia. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1138.
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After adopting an inflation targeting framework for monetary policy at the turn of the century, the Central Bank of Colombia started actively using the monetary policy interest rate as its key policy tool. In this regard, this paper examines the interest rate pass-through from the monetary policy rate to the retail rates in Colombia and explores asymmetries in the adjustment process within the framework of a non-linear version of the ARDL (NARDL) model developed by Shin et al. (2014). Our findings show that the policy rate plays a key role in determining deposit and lending retail rates but the nature of the pass-through varies across different types of lending products. In the case of lending rates, the pass-through is usually a full one, and takes around 12 months to be nearly complete. Our results capture an asymmetric positive pass-through in deposit rates and an upward rigidity in the lending rates of consumer and ordinary corporate loans, key segments of the credit market. These findings imply that most retail lending rates respond more to policy rate cuts than to hikes, indicating that financial intermediaries are more reluctant to raise interest rates than to decrease them following policy adjustments.
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Villamil, Julie, Caique Lara, Anthony Abrahao, et al. Development of a Pipe Crawler Inspection Tool for Fossil Energy Power Plants. Florida International University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25148/mmeurs.009772.
Full textAbstract:
Fossil fuel power plants are complex systems containing multiple components that create extreme environments for the purpose of extracting usable energy. Failures in the system can lead to increased down time for the plant, reduction of power and significant cost for repairs. In the past, inspections and maintenance of the plant's superheater tubes has been predominantly manual, laborious, and extremely time consuming. This is due to the pipe's small diameter size (between 1.3 and 7.6 cm) and the coiled structure of the tubing. In addition, the tubes are often stacked close to each other, limiting access for external inspection. Detection of pipe degradation, such as increased levels of corrosion, creep, and the formation of micro-cracks is possible using standard non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods, including ultrasonic, radiography and electromagnetic methods. However, when the access to the sub-systems is limited or the configuration of the structure is prohibitive, alternative methods are needed for deploying the NDE tools. This research effort considers a novel robotic inspection system for the evaluation of small pipes found in typical boiler superheaters that have limited access. The pipe crawler system is an internal inspection device that can potentially navigate through the entire pipe length using linear actuators to grip the walls and inch along the pipe. The modular nature of the system allows it to traverse through straight sections and multiple 90-degree and 180-degree bends. The crawler is also capable of providing visual inspections, ultrasonic thickness measurements, and generating inner diameter surface maps using LiDAR (light detection and ranging). Ultimately, the development of this robotic inspection tool can provide information regarding the structural integrity of key pipeline components in fossil fuel power plants that are not easily accessible
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Williams. L51703 High Pressure Pipe Design. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010135.
Full textAbstract:
Current practices in the pipeline industry require increased use of high pressure pipe and pipe fittings to meet expanding natural gas transportation requirements. A study of the current practices in the design and manufacture of pipe and pipe fittings (size on size tees, elbows, concentric reducers) in the range of 16 to 36 inch and with design pressures up to 3000 psi was needed. It was determined that yield strength is not significant to burst pressure or to fatigue, but tensile strength is significant to both. Ultimate tensile strength can be estimated on fittings of unknown origin by non-destructive hardness tests. Recommendations to users based on this study are included in this report. This study includes dimensional data from manufacturers and from fittings and pipe obtained from the Williams Transco unit stock. In addition this study includes comprehensive research of existing standards, linear and non-linear finite element analysis results and full-size instrumented fitting burst test data are included.