Journal articles: 'Non-linear in nature'

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Zuk, V., Y. Selin, and I. Shubenkova. "NONLINEAR NONSTATIONARY PROCESSES OF DIFFERENT NATURE. CLASSIFICATION." Znanstvena misel journal, no. 72 (November 21, 2022): 11–15. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7340679.

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The article is devoted to an actual problem - the development of a classification of non-linear non-stationary processes of different nature. The object of research is non-linear non-stationary processes in ecology, economics and finance. The necessity of developing a classification of non-linear non-stationary physical processes of various nature as a stage of increasing the adequacy of mathematical models of non-linear non-stationary processes and improving the quality of predictive estimates that are calculated using existing models is substantiated. The scheme of the developed classification is given.

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Prigogine, Ilya. "Non-linear science and the laws of nature." Journal of the Franklin Institute 334, no. 5-6 (1997): 745–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-0032(97)00025-2.

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Franzen, J. "The non-linear ion trap. Part 5. Nature of non-linear resonances and resonant ion ejection." International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 130, no. 1-2 (1994): 15–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-1176(93)03907-4.

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Boeyer, Melanie E., Emily V. Leary, Richard J. Sherwood, and Dana L. Duren. "Evidence of the non-linear nature of skeletal maturation." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 7 (2020): 631–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-317652.

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ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess longitudinal trajectories of skeletal maturation to determine if children exhibit periods of rapid maturation during normal childhood and adolescence.DesignRetrospective longitudinal study. Patients: 345 participants, with an average of 25 assessments per participant, between 3 and 20 years of age from the Fels Longitudinal Study.Main outcome measuresChronological age (ie, timing) and rate (ie, tempo) of skeletal maturation, as assessed by the Fels Method, at each maturational milestone, as well as the duration of time spent between any two milestones, were calculated for each participant-specific maturational trajectory and compared between three unique, non-linear maturational trajectory types.ResultsMore than 81% of participants exhibited a rapid period of skeletal maturation during childhood and/or adolescence, most of whom were characterised by a single maturational spurt during adolescence. Participants with only a single adolescent spurt in skeletal maturation reach adolescent onset and peak approximately 2.8 and 4.2 years earlier, respectively, in boys (p<0.001) and girls (p<0.001), than when compared with participants with both childhood and adolescent spurts. Differences in the timing and tempo of maturational milestones were driven primarily by trajectory type.ConclusionsRapid changes in skeletal maturation occur during normal childhood and/or adolescence, indicating the presence of a maturational spurt: a developmental phenomenon that has remained largely uncharacterised. This work highlights patterned changes in the timing, tempo and duration of longitudinal skeletal maturation while simultaneously shifting the paradigm that skeletal maturation progresses linearly.

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Shur-Ofry, Michal. "Non-Linear Innovation." McGill Law Journal 61, no. 3 (2016): 563–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037967ar.

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Contemporary intellectual property theory concentrates on the cumulative and incremental nature of innovation and creation. A prevalent image depicts authors and inventors as “standing on the shoulders of giants.” This article focuses on a different type of innovation that has been largely overlooked by intellectual property theory and doctrine: innovation in the domains of science and art that breaks with convention, disputes existing paradigms, and “steps off” giants’ shoulders. I term it “non-linear innovation”. Drawing on multidisciplinary research ranging from the history of science, through network analysis of radical inventions, to studies of creativity, this article illuminates an embedded socio-cultural preference for incremental and linear novelty over paradigm-changing innovation. It then inquires whether intellectual property doctrine reflects this bias and whether the intellectual property regime can better foster non-linear innovation. The examination yields a series of counterintuitive recommendations concerning numerous patent and copyright law doctrines. More broadly, the analysis indicates that neither the “shoulders of giants” metaphor nor the opposite image of the “lone genius” adequately capture the dynamics of non-linear innovation. It further suggests that expanding intellectual property’s narrative of progress to accommodate non-linear innovation, alongside cumulative innovation, could significantly contribute to the ecosystem of innovation and creation.

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Garcia-Arroyo, José, and Amparo Osca. "Coping with burnout: Analysis of linear, non-linear and interaction relationships." Anales de Psicología 33, no. 3 (2017): 722–31. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.33.3.279441.

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This study analyzes the relationship between action-focused coping, emotion-focused coping and burnout dimensions (emotional exhaustion, cynicism and personal accomplishment) by comparing linear, non-linear and interaction models using quadratic regression analysis. The sample consisted of 202 college professors. Variables such as gender or age were not significant when explaining the relationship between coping and burnout. The results show significant negative relationships between emotion-focused coping and exhaustion and cynicism and positive relationships with personal accomplishment (linear model). They also show that very low or very high levels of emotion-focused coping diminish personal accomplishment significantly (non-linear model), and that the combined effect of strategies is significant, so that when the use of emotion-focused coping is greater than the use of action-focused coping, exhaustion increases and personal accomplishment decreases. These results support the idea that in order to better understand the flexible and adaptive nature of coping and that it operates in a combined process where one strategy affects the other, the application of non-linear and interaction models is very useful. Finally, we discuss the practical implications for future research and for prevention and intervention programs on burnout.

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G. Russon, Manuel, and Ahmad F. Vakil. "On the non-linear relationship between VIX and realized SP500 volatility." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 2 (2017): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(2-1).2017.05.

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VIX, a ticker symbol for Volatility Index, measures the implied annual volatility of at-the-money SP500 Index Options. Conventional wisdom presumes VIX to measure the magnitude (positive or negative) of possible movements in future equity prices, with movements being a positive function of VIX. This research investigates the nature of the relationship between VIX and SP500 volatility, and answers the question as to whether that relationship is linear or nonlinear. Based on this research paper, the authors conclude that the realized SP500 volatility is nonlinear, and grows with the level of VIX at an increasing rate. The nonlinearity relationship between VIX and SP500 has enormous implications for investment management and hedging in the financial markets.

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Ali, Benouis, Zahi Rachid, Moulgada Abdelmadjid, and Djebbar Noureddine. "LINEAR AND NON-LINEAR ANALYSES OF PRESSURE PIPE ELBOWS." Journal of the Serbian Society for Computational Mechanics 17, no. 1 (2023): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24874/jsscm.2023.17.01.05.

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The introduction of pressure piping increasingly requires the use of efficient materials which must withstand both high hydrostatic pressures, high mechanical loads and high thermal gradients. At nuclear power plants, piping systems are subjected to high pressures (up to 60 MPa). The occurrence of cracks and their possible spread is one of the serious risks in the industry. For this reason, elbows are considered critical components of a piping system. Therefore, in order to design and/or qualify a pipe structurally, it is useful to have a reliable evaluation of their structural behavior under different combined loads. The objective of this study is to determine analytical functions for the evaluation of the J integral as a function of crack size, elbow size, and the nature and intensity of loading. This assessment is derived from the numerical results obtained by the WARP3D calculation code exploiting the finite element method (FEM).

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Green, Claire. "non-linear politics of language." Groundings Undergraduate 6 (April 1, 2013): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/groundingsug.6.225.

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This article will examine the relation between power and language in the case of the repression of Catalan by Franco’s dictatorship. This is an issue of contemporary relevance, as the Catalan independence and language movements are coming to increasing prominence within the Spanish state. To analyse why language was of such concern for Franco’s regime, I will look at the relation of language and power in a broader theoretical sense, and how these concepts manifested themselves in the particular Catalan case. Finally, I will examine two events which serve as intersections of the myriad forces at play in Franco’s repression of Catalan. An analysis of the political nature of language in this context must allow for the multifaceted, non-linear interrelations of history, institutions and socio-cultural factors, and so will draw on the discussions of language in the work of Manuel de Landa, and Deleuze and Guattari.

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Zamboni, Mauro. "The Legislative Drafting in Sweden: Its Informal and Non-Linear Nature." Förvaltningsrättslig tidskrift, no. 2023 1 (February 27, 2023): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.53292/d32dfd4b.48eac920.

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Arefieva, Elizaveta. "Update of Linear and Non-linear Notation Systems in Modern Choral Performance." Bulletin of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts. Series in Musical Art 5, no. 2 (2022): 199–207. https://doi.org/10.31866/2616-7581.5.2.2022.269680.

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The purpose of the research is to carry out a comparative analysis of the nonlinearity concepts in architecture and music; to determine the prospects for the transformation of nonlinear notation systems in postmodern music using the technique of genetic algorithm. The relevance of the problem of explicating the concepts of nonlinear discourse in music, particularly in the system of choral performance, based on the analysis of the correlation of pre-linear and post-linear notation systems is emphasized. The research methodology is determined by comparative and systematic approaches, which allow for a comparative analysis of notation systems and verbal discourse. The scientific novelty of the research. The naive ontologism, which characterizes the models of genetic algorithms in the context of the new natural philosophy of creativity, changes the paradigm of artistic information descriptions. In music, the phenomenon of natural reproduction was marked by an appeal to the primary nature – voice, sound, and monodies. After all, such a naive ontological description is unproductive. Conclusions. The newest reality of form creation is being formed, making it possible to understand the categories of decomposition, deconstruction, the pathos of destruction and, simultaneously, the search for harmony. There are peculiar metaphors and allegories, which only emphasize the chaosogenic nature of the formation, indicating that this process is unconscious, and fits into a sufficiently structured continuum of biopopulations. All this can be noted as an analogue of natural and cultural realities and determine their “consonance”. Modern choral performance, unfortunately, is not focused on the multidimensionality of the word and its logistic deep cultural meaning. It is necessary to get out of the situation of the disorder of individual interpretations, where the spirit of the individual does not become a personality, a cathedral personality, in particular the performing, choral, and group professionalism, which has passed a huge school of monasticism, and cultural history.

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Hämäläinen, J. S., and J. Merikoski. "Stochastic Kinetics with Wave Nature." Modern Physics Letters B 17, no. 17 (2003): 929–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984903005986.

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We consider stochastic second-order partial differential equations. We indroduce a noisy non-linear wave equation and discuss its connections, in particular via the Lorentz transformation, with known stochastic models.

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Várkonyi-Kóczy, Annamária R. "State Dependant Anytime Control Methodology for Non-Linear Systems." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 12, no. 2 (2008): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2008.p0198.

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Nowadays in solving control problems the processing is performed typically by model-based computer systems, which contain a representation of our knowledge about the nature and the actual circumstances of the problem in hand. If the nature and/or the actual circumstances change, the corresponding model should also be changed. Anytime techniques are very flexible in this respect and can advantageously be used when the operation should be performed under changing circumstances. In this paper, a nonlinear state dependant control methodology is proposed for anytime use and as an example is applied to globally stabilize a given prototypical aeroelastic wing section via one control surface.

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Ramos-Leaños, Octavio, Jneid Jneid, and Bruno Fazio. "Non-Linear Clustering of Distribution Feeders." Energies 15, no. 21 (2022): 7883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217883.

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Distribution network planners are facing a strong shift in the way they plan and analyze the network. With their intermittent nature, the introduction of distributed energy resources (DER) calls for yearly or at least seasonal analysis, which is in contrast to the current practice of analyzing only the highest demand point of the year. It requires not only a large number of simulations but long-term simulations as well. These simulations require significant computational and human resources that not all utilities have available. This article proposes a nonlinear clustering methodology to find a handful of representative medium voltage (MV) distribution feeders for DER penetration studies. It is shown that the proposed methodology is capable of uncovering nonlinear relations between features, resulting in more consistent clusters. Obtained results are compared to the most common linear clustering algorithms.

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Zhuk, V., Y. Selin, and I. Shubenkova. "INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR INTELLECTUAL ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING OF NON-LINEAR NON-STATIONARY PROCESSES." Norwegian Journal of development of the International Science, no. 97 (November 26, 2022): 50–55. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7377425.

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Abstract The structure of information technology is described for the analysis and forecasting of non-linear non-stationary processes of various nature. The results of numerous experiments on the practical application of information technology for forecasting the time series of the relevant processes are presented. Аннотация Описана структура информационной технологии, для анализа и прогнозирования нелинейных нестационарных процессов различной природы. Приведены результаты многочисленных опытов практического применения информационной технологии для прогнозирования временных рядах соответствующих процессов.

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Arefieva, Elizaveta. "Update of Linear and Non-linear Notation Systems in Modern Choral Performance." Bulletin of Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts. Series in Musical Art 5, no. 2 (2022): 199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.31866/2616-7581.5.2.2022.269680.

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Abstract:

The purpose of the research is to carry out a comparative analysis of the nonlinearity concepts in architecture and music; to determine the prospects for the transformation of nonlinear notation systems in postmodern music using the technique of genetic algorithm. The relevance of the problem of explicating the concepts of nonlinear discourse in music, particularly in the system of choral performance, based on the analysis of the correlation of pre-linear and post-linear notation systems is emphasized. The research methodology is determined by comparative and systematic approaches, which allow for a comparative analysis of notation systems and verbal discourse. The scientific novelty of the research. The naive ontologism, which characterizes the models of genetic algorithms in the context of the new natural philosophy of creativity, changes the paradigm of artistic information descriptions. In music, the phenomenon of natural reproduction was marked by an appeal to the primary nature – voice, sound, and monodies. After all, such a naive ontological description is unproductive. Conclusions. The newest reality of form creation is being formed, making it possible to understand the categories of decomposition, deconstruction, the pathos of destruction and, simultaneously, the search for harmony. There are peculiar metaphors and allegories, which only emphasize the chaosogenic nature of the formation, indicating that this process is unconscious, and fits into a sufficiently structured continuum of biopopulations. All this can be noted as an analogue of natural and cultural realities and determine their “consonance”. Modern choral performance, unfortunately, is not focused on the multidimensionality of the word and its logistic deep cultural meaning. It is necessary to get out of the situation of the disorder of individual interpretations, where the spirit of the individual does not become a personality, a cathedral personality, in particular the performing, choral, and group professionalism, which has passed a huge school of monasticism, and cultural history.

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K., Rajesh*1 &. P. Praveen Kumar2. "LINEAR AND NON LINEAR OPTICAL QUALITIES OF L-HISTIDINIUM 2-NITROBENZOATE NLO CRYSTAL." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 7 (2017): 710–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.834466.

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The present investigation is focused on to identified the linear and non linear optical qualities of the well known nlo crystal l-Histidinium 2-nitrobenzoate. The optical quantities such as reflection, refractive index and optical band gap have been evaluated using UV- Visible absorption spectrum. The birefringence nature of the crystal was examined. Photo luminous studies were carried out to find the optical emission of the crystal. Optical limiting method was involved and the linear absorption co efficient was calculated. Z-scan measurements reveal the third order non linear optical property of the crystal.

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Fomina, T. A., and T. V. Alieva. "X-PHEMISMS AS NON-LINEAR PHENOMENA." Philology at MGIMO 21, no. 2 (2020): 22–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2020-2-22-53.

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The present paper aims to define the status of x-phemisms as dynamic phenomena. A detailed analysis of the research data taken from English socio-political discourse presented in a range of English-language news sources, such as The Guardian, The Seattle Times, ABC News, The New York Times, English media discourse and dictionaries of Contemporary English has been carried out. The paper finds that x-phemisms are non-linear phenomena. Thus, when distinguishing between euphemisms, dyspemisms and orthopemisms one should take into consideration diachronic meaning change, the previous context, the current context, intention, subject-object relationship. For instance, in particular contexts ethnic pejorative words irrespective of their negative meaning can perform a function of either euphemisms or dysphemisms, which depends on the feelings of similarity or distinction generated by ethnic boundaries and experienced by the speaker. The paper reveals that an ethnic pejorative word is dysphemistic once it refers to the ethnic group the speaker doesn’t belong to, but becomes euphemistic once applied to one’s own ethnic group. This illustrates contextual and pragmatic nature of x-phemisms. The proposed approach to the study of x-phemisms has several empirical and theoretical implications for further research on these phenomena.

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Viana, Felipe A. C., Valder Steffen Jr., Marcelo A. X. Zanini, Sandro A. Magalhães, and Luiz C. S. Góes. "Identification of a Non-Linear Landing Gear Model Using Nature-Inspired Optimization." Shock and Vibration 15, no. 3-4 (2008): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/246271.

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This work deals with the application of a nature-inspired optimization technique to solve an inverse problem represented by the identification of an aircraft landing gear model. The model is described in terms of the landing gear geometry, internal volumes and areas, shock absorber travel, tire type, and gas and oil characteristics of the shock absorber. The solution to this inverse problem can be obtained by using classical gradient-based optimization methods. However, this is a difficult task due to the existence of local minima in the design space and the requirement of an initial guess. These aspects have motivated the authors to explore a nature-inspired approach using a method known as LifeCycle Model. In the present formulation two nature-based methods, namely the Genetic Algorithms and the Particle Swarm Optimization were used. An optimization problem is formulated in which the objective function represents the difference between the measured characteristics of the system and its model counterpart. The polytropic coefficient of the gas and the damping parameter of the shock absorber are assumed as being unknown: they are considered as design variables. As an illustration, experimental drop test data, obtained under zero horizontal speed, were used in the non-linear landing gear model updating of a small aircraft.

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Campanile, L. F., and G. Thwapiah. "A non-linear theory of torsional divergence." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 11 (2009): 2707–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1843.

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In recent years, research on aerofoil morphing is increasingly focusing on innovative ideas such as the use of compliant systems and the exploitation of aeroelastic servo-effects. If brought to their limit, these concepts would allow operating aerofoils in aeroelastically marginally stable or even unstable conditions. In this view, a non-linear approach to aeroelastic torsional divergence becomes relevant. This article presents an extension of the well-known linear theory of divergence, which takes into account non-linear effects of structural as well as aerodynamic nature. The non-linear theory is applied to the case of a thin aerofoil and the pre-critical as well as post-critical response is computed for selected values of the flow parameters. Instability curves are also included, which show the aerofoil's torsional deformation as a function of the dynamic pressure, for selected values of an imposed disturbance.

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Fahmi Mustapa, Rijalul, NY Dahlan, Ihsan Mohd Yassin, Atiqah Hamizah Mohd Nordin, and Azlee Zabidi. "Energy consumption prediction through linear and non-linear baseline energy model." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 17, no. 1 (2020): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i1.pp102-109.

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Accurate baseline energy models demand increase significantly as it lower the risk of energy savings quantification. It is achieved by performing energy consumption prediction with its respective independent variables through linear or non-linear modelling technique. Developing such model through linear modelling technique provide certain disadvantages due to the fact that the behavior of certain independent variables with respect to the energy consumption is non-linear in nature. Furthermore, linear modelling technique requires prior studies upon modelling to achieve accurate energy consumption prediction. Thus, to apprehend this situation, this paper main intention is to perform energy consumption prediction through a non-linear modelling technique to provide alternative option for developing a good and accurate baseline energy models. This study proposes energy consumption prediction based on Non-linear Auto Regressive with Exogenous Input – Artificial Neural Network (NARX-ANN) as a non-linear modelling technique that will be compared with Multiple Linear Regression Model (MLR) as linear modelling technique. A case study in Malaysian educational buildings during lecture week will be used for this purpose. The results demonstrate that NARX-ANN shows a higher accuracy through statistical error measurement.

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Delbosc, Alexa, Maarten Kroesen, Bert van Wee, and Mathijs de Haas. "Linear, non-linear, bi-directional? Testing the nature of the relationship between mobility and satisfaction with life." Transportation 47, no. 4 (2019): 2049–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11116-019-10060-4.

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Suresh, Dr K., A. R. Vijay Babu, and P. M. Venkatesh. "Grid Integrated Wind Energy Storage System for Linear and non-Linear Loads." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.24 (2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.24.21859.

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The proposed system also has boost converter, bidirectional DC-DC converter and inverter for grid and wind energy integration. The boost inverter/buck rectifier in this system is controlled by ANFIS controller is for better output, boost and bidirectional DC-DC converters are controlled by PID controller in closed loop. Overall operations are based on modes main controller speedgoat, which is control the system operation in different modes. Any variation happening in the input, storage and load parameters speedgoat changing the mode and operate the system is in effective way. This paper presents harnessing of maximum wind energy from natural resource whenever it’s available. The power electronic converters role is important In between sources and load. The load may be linear and non-linear in nature, so converters performance decides the efficiency of the system. Proper controller can switch the converter in the desired time and improve the system performance and stability. Many controllers are suggests to control the converter to get better performance in at output side.

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Larina, E. V., A. A. Kurokhtina, N. A. Lagoda, and A. F. Schmidt. "Distinguishing between Linear and Non-Linear (Cooperative) Substrate Activation Mechanisms in the Sonogashira Reaction under “Ligand-Free” and “Copper-Free” Conditions." Кинетика и катализ 64, no. 6 (2023): 737–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0453881123060102.

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The results are presented on the comparative studies of the differential selectivity patterns in the Sonogashira reaction with a pair of competing aryl acetylenes in the “ligand-free” and “copper-free” conditions when varying the nature and concentration of aryl halides and base. The revealed sensitivity of the differential selectivity of competing aryl acetylenes to aryl halide nature unambiguously indicated that the substrates were activated through linear mechanism from kinetic view. An absence of any influence of the nature and concentration of the base on the differential selectivity of competing aryl acetylenes indicated the irreversible character of the step of their activation.

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Zabara, Mohammed Ahmed, Gökberk Katırcı, and Burak Ülgüt. "Identifying Non-Stationarity in Non-Linear Harmonics of EIS Measurements of Li Batteries." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 1 (2023): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-011399mtgabs.

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Non-linear Harmonic Analysis is a technique used to investigate the distortions in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. The distortions are in both non-linear and non-stationary nature that appear as high order harmonics in the frequency domain. Differentiating the origin of the harmonics is important in understanding their nature and relating them to electrochemical phenomena. Here, we will show how the harmonics are in direct relation to the initial non-stationary response (initial transient) of the excited system [1]. We will show by both experimental measurements and simulations of dummy cell circuits, representing the electrochemical interface, that the initial transient exhibits high order harmonics that show the highest value at the characteristic frequency of the process [1]. We also extend the analysis to include more complex systems of primary Lithium batteries [2]. It is observed that the same non-stationary initial transient behavior is persistent in the time constants of the electrochemical processes. It is concluded that the capacitive components of the electrochemical processes are responsible for such non-stationary behavior in electrochemical systems [2]. [1] G. Katırcı, M. A. Zabara, and B. Ülgüt, “Methods—Unexpected Effects in Galvanostatic EIS of Randles’ Cells: Initial Transients and Harmonics Generated,” J Electrochem Soc, vol. 169, no. 3, p. 030527, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1149/1945-7111/ac5ad7. [2] M. A. Zabara, G. Katırcı, and B. Ülgüt, “Non-linear harmonics in EIS of batteries with lithium anodes: Proper controls and analysis,” Electrochim Acta, vol. 429, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140969.

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Cheng, Ping-chin, Chi-Kuang Sun, Fu-Jen Kao, and Bai-Ling Lin. "Non-linear Spectral Microscopy-Multi-Photon Fl, SHG and THG." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (2001): 1026–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600031202.

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The non-linear nature of multi-photon fluorescence (FL) excitation, SHG and THG restricts the signal detecting volume to the vicinity of the focal point. As a result, the technology has intrinsic optical sectioning capability. The use of multi-photon fluorescence excitation also allows micro-fluorometry at high spatial resolution. Figure 1 shows a conventional optical micrograph of maize protoplasts, the time lapse fluorescence spectral change from a single chloroplast is shown in FIG 2. Under high intensity illumination, biological specimen not only emits fluorescence, but also generates harmonic emissions. in addition to the Ti-sapphire laser commonly used in multiphoton microscopy, the use of ultra-fast Cr-fosterite laser made simultaneous detecting two- and three-photon fluorescence, SHG and THG possible. in addition to the fluorescence signals generated by multi-photon excitation process, non-linear phenomena such as harmonic generation can also provide useful information about the structure and optical properties of a specimen (Kao et al., 2000). Simultaneous recording the spectral response in an image (x-y-λ) can provide insight about the nature of the signal.

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Al-Basri, Majid Abdulatif. "On the nature of metrical phonology of Iraqi Arabic: A non-linear approach." Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies 17, no. 2 (2021): 882–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52462/jlls.61.

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Caddemi, Salvatore. "Parametric nature of the non-linear hardening plastic constitutive equations and their integration." European Journal of Mechanics - A/Solids 17, no. 3 (1998): 479–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0997-7538(98)80056-9.

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Sharma, Bhavana, Hukum Singh, Pankaj Rakheja1, and Mehak Khurana. "Non-linear cryptosystem utilizing biological mutation operation in the two-dimensional non-separable linear canonical transform domain." Optica Applicata 54, no. 4 (2025): 581–607. https://doi.org/10.37190/oa/194974.

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This paper introduces a novel image encryption algorithm in the 2D-NSCT domain, employing a 4D hyperchaotic mapping, DNA coding with biological mutation, and the phase truncation and Fourier transfrom (PTFT) operation. Unlike existing DNA-based encryption methods that heavily rely on the XOR operator, our proposed scheme integrates a biological mutation operator to enhance the security of the encryption process. The performance and effectiveness of our cryptosystem are thoroughly evaluated through comprehensive experiments and analysis on various grayscale images, including Cameraman, Peppers, and Baboon images. Simulation results are presented in this paper to demonstrate the performance of the proposed encryption algorithm. Notably, our algorithm exhibits high sensitivity to encryption parameters, and the utilization of DNA coding and PTFT adds an extra layer of security to the image encryption algorithm. To assess the resilience of our proposed algorithm, we conducted thorough simulations and subjected it to various challenges, including statistical attacks, noise attacks, occlusion attacks, classical cryptographic attacks, and special iterative attacks for asymmetric schemes, and along with brute-force attacks. The results validate the resilience of our proposed scheme and showcase its ability to withstand existing cryptographic attacks. Moreover, a comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the performance of our proposed scheme against existing encryption algorithms of similar nature. The outcomes of this study clearly demonstrate that our encryption algorithm surpasses these existing schemes in terms of effectiveness and resilience against cryptographic attacks, affirming its superiority.

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Kurths, J., U. Feudel, and W. Jansen. "On the Chaotic Nature of Solar Activity." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 132 (1993): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100065878.

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AbstractApplying modern techniques of time series analysis, there are serious indications that the dynamics of the global solar activity is a low dimensional chaos. A simple non-linear dynamo model is qualitatively studied exhibiting a rich dynamical behaviour from steady state via some bifurcation to a chaotic regime.

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Sibilio, Maurizio, and Iolanda Zollo. "The non-linear potential of didactic action." EDUCATION SCIENCES AND SOCIETY, no. 2 (December 2016): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ess2-2016oa3947.

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Starting from a perspective that views education as a complex and adaptive system, this paper is aimed at providing a first reflection on the concept of linearity, intended as a possible interpretation of the limitations arising from the characteristics and the relationships among the actors, the objects and the events that form part of the teaching-learning process. What results is a deterministic vision of teaching and a real negation of the embodied and situated dimension of teaching. This reflection forms part of a branch of educational research that investigates didactic corporealities - those aspects of teaching that are manifested in bodily form, real and metaphoric representations of the triadic interaction between the teacher, the student and the environment. This is configured as the set of elements that contribute to a complex meaning of the teaching experience, able to contribute to a deconstruction of linear schemes of action that are repetitive in nature and are inadequate to address the emerging needs of 21st Century classrooms. In order to foster and promote the success of all learners, a pluralistic and proteiform perspective is therefore required. This view paves the way to a non-linear form of teaching that is aware of the didactic morphologies that are the characteristics, the spaces, the functions and the potentialities of action during teaching.

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Poplavko, Y. M. "The Nature of Pyroelectric Polarity." Ukrainian Journal of Physics 69, no. 5 (2024): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ujpe69.5.336.

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The concept of spontaneous polarization in the pyroelectrics is called into a question, since omnipresent free electric charges make impossible to maintain any equilibrium and time-stable polarized state. We conjecture in this paper that pyroelectricity in polar crystals and piezoelectricity in polar-neutral crystals are due to hybridized ionic-covalent polarity-activating bonds. When they are in non-excited state, these bonds do not produce electric field, yet they are capable of generating the electric response to uniform non-electric influence, e.g., heat, pressure, etc. This response is described by some models of different electric moments. Different contributors to these moments can be measured using partial limitation of crystal thermal strain. In fact, the proposed approach modifies and extends the known concept of spontaneous polarization. In this context, ferroelectrics are distinguished by the fact that, in the electric field, they reorient their polarity-activating inter-atomic bonds with a non-linear response and hysteresis.

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Rueda, Martha Margarita, René Fulchiron, Grégory Martin, and Philippe Cassagnau. "Linear and non-linear nature of the flow of polypropylene filled with ferrite particles: from low to concentrated composites." Rheologica Acta 56, no. 7-8 (2017): 635–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00397-017-1025-0.

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Uffink, Gerard, Amro Elfeki, Michel Dekking, Johannes Bruining, and Cor Kraaikamp. "Understanding the Non-Gaussian Nature of Linear Reactive Solute Transport in 1D and 2D." Transport in Porous Media 91, no. 2 (2011): 547–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11242-011-9859-x.

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F. Dorch, S. B. "A Magnetic Betelgeuse? Numerical Simulations of Non-Linear Dynamo Action." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 219 (2004): 656–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900182701.

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Betelgeuse is an example of a cool supergiant displaying brightness fluctuations and irregular surface structures. Simulations by Freytag, Steffen, & Dorch (2002) of the convective envelope of the star have shown that the fluctuations in the star's luminosity may be caused by giant cell convection. A related question regarding the nature of Betelgeuse and supergiants in general is whether these stars may be magnetically active. If so, that may in turn also contribute to their variability. By performing detailed numerical simulations, I find that both linear kinematic and non-linear dynamo action are possible and that the non-linear magnetic field saturates at a value somewhat below equipartition: in the linear regime there are two modes of dynamo action.

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Ahmed, Naveed, Umar Khan, Syed Tauseef Mohyud-Din, and Saeed Ullah Jan. "Non-linear radiative squeezed flow in a rotating frame." Engineering Computations 34, no. 8 (2017): 2450–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-04-2017-0158.

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Purpose In this current study, the authors aim to analyze non-linear radiative squeezed flow in a rotating frame of viscous fluid. Design/methodology/approach The Radioactive nature of the fluid is taken into consideration. The reduced form of equations governing the flow are developed by the implementation of similarity transformations. The coupled system thus obtained is solved by using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Findings Augmentation in velocity and temperature profiles is discussed graphically by varying various involved parameters. The total error of the system is discussed in Table I. The cases of linear radiation and non-linear radiation are also discussed in Tables II and III. Originality/value The study presented in this paper is original and it has not been submitted to any other journal for publication purpose. The contents are original and proper references have been provided wherever applicable.

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Župić, Ajdina. "Hypermedia in the teaching of Nature and Society." Metodicka praksa 26, m. br. (2023): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/metpra2301013q.

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Hyper medias make multi medial systems allowing non-linear connection i.e. texts exposure. It is the way users can combine, edit and process logically sounds, graphics, movable pictures and a computer software. It designates multi media's characteristics of a hypertext and union of three industries: TV, computer and publishing one. Hyper media are non-linear presentation of symbols (text, graphics, pictures, software code) with computer assistance. The contents of the subjects World around Us and Nature and Society, regarding their nature and character, require a need for different ways of introducing and preparing of pupils for new learning material processing, since they are complex, interdisciplinary and they belong to different areas of a curriculum. Besides finished multi media games that can be used, it is often very appropriate to create similar games in PowerPoint Program and enrich them with the contents, like films, cartoons, education series, news and audiovisual songs on the terms being studied within teaching of the subject Nature and Society (animals, plants, traffic and similar).

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Zeer, Murad, Mutaz Abu Sara, Jawad Alkhateeb, and Mohammad Klaib. "Predicting Crop Yield Productivity Using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Comparison of Linear and Non-linear Approaches." Ahliya Journal of Business Technology and MEAN Economies 1, no. 1 (2024): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.59994/ajbtme.2024.1.1.

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Predicting crop yield productivity is crucial for farmers and the agricultural sector to gain insights into crop productivity and returns. With advancements in technology and artificial intelligence, predicting crop yield using machine learning algorithms has become an important innovation. This study aimed to predict crop yield productivity using various machine learning algorithms and techniques. The dataset was sourced from Kaggle, preprocessed, and analyzed using linear algorithms such as Linear Regression, LASSO, and Ridge, as well as non-linear algorithms including SVR, KNN Regressor, and Polynomial Regression. Mean Squared Error (MSE) was computed to evaluate algorithms performance. Comparing the efficacy of linear versus non-linear algorithms on the dataset revealed that non-linear algorithms outperformed linear ones, indicating that the dataset's non-linear nature. Therefore, non-linear machine learning algorithms like SVR, KNN Regressor, and Polynomial Regression were recommended for better accuracy. Among these, KNN Regressor performed the best with an MSE of 0.00025, followed by SVR and Polynomial Regression with MSE values of 0.00142 and 0.0024, respectively.

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Chrpa, Lukáš, and Erez Karpas. "On Verifying Linear Execution Strategies in Planning Against Nature." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 34 (May 30, 2024): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v34i1.31464.

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While planning and acting in environments in which nature can trigger non-deterministic events, the agent has to consider that the state of the environment might change without its consent. Practically, it means that the agent has to make sure that it eventually achieves its goal (if possible) despite the acts of nature. In this paper, we first formalize the semantics of such problems in Alternating-time Temporal Logic, which allows us to prove some theoretical properties of different types of solutions. Then, we focus on linear execution strategies, which resemble classical plans in that they follow a fixed sequence of actions. We show that any problem that can be solved by a linear execution strategy can be solved by a particular form of linear execution strategy which assigns wait-for preconditions to each action in the plan that specifies when to execute that action. Then, we propose a sound algorithm that verifies a sequence of actions and assigns wait-for preconditions to them by leveraging abstraction.

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Abdulrauph Olarenwaju, Babatunde, and Igboeli Uchenna Harrison. "Modeling of COVID-19 cases of selected states in Nigeria using linear and non-linear prediction models." Journal of Computer Sciences Institute 17 (December 30, 2020): 390–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/jcsi.2368.

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COVID-19 has stamped an indelible mark in the history of humanity as one of the recorded deadly virus that has wiped out millions of lives on planet earth many whose exact cause of death cannot be account for due to lack of knowledge. It has become a household name in every nook and cranny from developed to the underdeveloped nations of the world. Most of the prominent signs of COVID-19 like fever, cough, difficulty in breathing and accessional muscle pain can also resemble those of many other notable diseases thereby making it highly necessary to undergo a diagnostic test to be able to categorically identify COVID-19 patients. The use of medical diagnostic tests can also help determine patients who have recovered from COVID-19. Various studies abound with researchers trying to predict and even forecast the level of damage and disruption of economic activities this may have brought to almost every nation of the world. This research attempts to find out the nature of the spread of the virus using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The essence is to ascertain the exact model to use in forecasting the future occurrence of the pandemic especially at this stage where the second wave of the pandemic is in view. The study found that both linear and nonlinear predictions models can fit the trend of the virus in Nigeria with ARIMA producing results of over 97% on a 120-day period while ANN produced results of about 98.01% in some states. We conclude that future waves of the virus in addition to other epidemics of this nature can be predicted with high degree of accuracy with ARIMA or ANN.

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Abdullah, Samsuri, Marzuki Ismail, Ali Najah Ahmed, and Ahmad Makmom Abdullah. "Forecasting Particulate Matter Concentration Using Linear and Non-Linear Approaches for Air Quality Decision Support." Atmosphere 10, no. 11 (2019): 667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110667.

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Air quality status on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia is dominated by Particulate Matter (PM10) throughout the years. Studies have affirmed that PM10 influence human health and the environment. Therefore, precise forecasting algorithms are urgently needed to determine the PM10 status for mitigation plan and early warning purposes. This study investigates the forecasting performance of a linear (Multiple Linear Regression) and two non-linear models (Multi-Layer Perceptron and Radial Basis Function) utilizing meteorological and gaseous pollutants variables as input parameters from the year 2000–2014 at four sites with different surrounding activities of urban, sub-urban and rural areas. Non-linear model (Radial Basis Function) outperforms the linear model with the error reduced by 78.9% (urban), 32.1% (sub-urban) and 39.8% (rural). Association between PM10 and its contributing factors are complex and non-linear in nature, best captured by an Artificial Neural Network, which generates more accurate PM10 compared to the linear model. The results are robust enough for precise next day forecasting of PM10 concentration on the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia.

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Abrahart, R. J., and L. M. See. "Neural network modelling of non-linear hydrological relationships." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 5 (2007): 1563–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-11-1563-2007.

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Abstract. Two recent studies have suggested that neural network modelling offers no worthwhile improvements in comparison to the application of weighted linear transfer functions for capturing the non-linear nature of hydrological relationships. The potential of an artificial neural network to perform simple non-linear hydrological transformations under controlled conditions is examined in this paper. Eight neural network models were developed: four full or partial emulations of a recognised non-linear hydrological rainfall-runoff model; four solutions developed on an identical set of inputs and a calculated runoff coefficient output. The use of different input combinations enabled the competencies of solutions developed on a reduced number of parameters to be assessed. The selected hydrological model had a limited number of inputs and contained no temporal component. The modelling process was based on a set of random inputs that had a uniform distribution and spanned a modest range of possibilities. The initial cloning operations permitted a direct comparison to be performed with the equation-based relationship. It also provided more general information about the power of a neural network to replicate mathematical equations and model modest non-linear relationships. The second group of experiments explored a different relationship that is of hydrological interest; the target surface contained a stronger set of non-linear properties and was more challenging. Linear modelling comparisons were performed against traditional least squares multiple linear regression solutions developed on identical datasets. The reported results demonstrate that neural networks are capable of modelling non-linear hydrological processes and are therefore appropriate tools for hydrological modelling.

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Das, Sapan, S. A. Edalatpanah, and T. Mandal. "Application of linear fractional programming problem with fuzzy nature in industry sector." Filomat 34, no. 15 (2020): 5073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2015073d.

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Several methods currently exist for solving fuzzy linear fractional programming problems under non negative fuzzy variables. However, due to the limitation of these methods, they cannot be applied for solving fully fuzzy linear fractional programming (FFLFP) problems where all the variables and parameters are fuzzy numbers. So, this paper is planning to fill in this gap and in order to obtain the fuzzy optimal solution we propose a new efficient method for FFLFP problems utilized in daily life circumstances. This proposed method is based on crisp linear fractional programming and has a simple structure. To show the efficiency of our proposed method some numerical and real life problems have been illustrated.

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Reshu, Gupta. "Numerical Solution of Temperature Profile in Annulus." i-manager’s Journal on Mathematics 11, no. 2 (2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jmat.11.2.19035.

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The model of temperature profile in the flow of non-Newtonian second-order fluid, flowing in an annulus, is investigated. The boundary of annulus is considered porous. Appropriate similarity transformation is used to convert non-linear PDEs into non-linear ODEs. The obtained differential equations are solved numerically. The nature of the temperature profile is presented graphically for the various physical parameters.

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McPherson, Guy R. "Comparison of linear and non-linear overstory-understory models for ponderosa pine: A conceptual framework." Forest Ecology and Management 55, no. 1-4 (1992): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-1127(92)90089-r.

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HENARI, FRYAD, ANDREW DAVEY, WERNER BLAU, P. HAISCH, and M. HANACK. "The Electronic and Non-linear Optical Properties of Oxo-titanium Phthalocyanines." Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines 03, no. 05 (1999): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1409(199906)3:5<331::aid-jpp138>3.0.co;2-x.

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The valence electronic properties of some unsubstituted and peripherally substituted oxo-titanium phthalocyanines are reported. Semiempirical quantum chemical calculations show that the nature of peripheral substituents has a strong bearing on the valence electronic properties, including the state dipole moments and absorption wavelength. The non-linear optical response was measured around the the Q-band resonance. The effect of different substituents and substitution patterns on the non-linear behaviour of the samples was determined. The combined results suggest that tuning of electronic and optical properties is effectively achieved by functionalization of the edges of the conjugated ring.

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Lavanya. K. "Compartive Reliability Analysis of a System with Linear and Non-linear Membership Functions using (3,2)-Fuzzy Sets." Advances in Nonlinear Variational Inequalities 28, no. 4s (2025): 572–80. https://doi.org/10.52783/anvi.v28.3513.

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In this paper, we propose a multi-objective non-linear reliability global optimization and system cost as two objective functions. As a generalized version of fuzzy set, intuitionistic fuzzy set, Pythagorean fuzzy set, (3,2)-fuzzy set is a very useful tool to express uncertainty, impreciseness in more general way. we have considered (3,2)-fuzzy optimization technique with linear and non-linear membership function to solve this multi-objective reliability optimization model. To demonstrate the methodology and applicability of the proposed approach, numerical examples are presented and evaluated by comparing the result obtained by (3,2)-fuzzy approach with the intuitionistic fuzzy optimization technique at the end of the paper. Introduction: Reliability engineering is one of the important tasks in designing and development of a technical system. The primary goal of the reliability engineer has been always to find the best way to increase system reliability. The diversity of system resources, resource constraints and options for reliability improvement lead to the construction and analysis of several optimization models. In daily life, due to some uncertainty in judgements of the decision maker (DM), there are some coefficients and parameters in the optimization model, which are always imprecise with vague in nature. In order to handle such type of nature in multi objective optimization model, fuzzy approach is used to evaluate this. Conclusions: The main purpose of this paper is to give a computational procedure for solving multi-objective reliability optimization model by (3,2)-fuzzy optimization technique to find the optimal solution, which maximize the system reliability and minimize the cost of the system. We have obtained the result in the (3,2)-fuzzy optimization technique was compared with the intuitionistic fuzzy optimization and Pythagorean fuzzy optimization and it shows that the (3,2)-fuzzy optimizations with non-linear membership function gives better reliable system. Thus, the proposed method is an efficient and modified optimization techniques and gives a highly reliable system than the other existing method.

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Nilsson, Mikael, Jonas Kvarnström, and Patrick Doherty. "Planning with Temporal Uncertainty, Resources and Non-Linear Control Parameters." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 28 (June 15, 2018): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v28i1.13891.

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We consider a general and industrially motivated class of planning problems involving a combination of requirements that can be essential to autonomous robotic systems planning to act in the real world: Support for temporal uncertainty where nature determines the eventual duration of an action, resource consumption with a non-linear relationship to durations, and the need to select appropriate values for control parameters that affect time requirements and resource usage. To this end, an existing planner is extended with support for Simple Temporal Networks with Uncertainty, Timed Initial Literals, and temporal coverage goals. Control parameters are lifted from the main combinatorial planning problem into a constraint satisfaction problem that connects them to resource usage. Constraint processing is then integrated and interleaved with verification of temporal feasibility, using projections for partial temporal awareness in the constraint solver.

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Adesuyi, F. E., A. S. Akinbowale, O. G. Olugbadieye, and K. Jayeola. "Fitting non-linear models for tree volume estimation in strict nature reserve, South-West, Nigeria." Tropical Plant Research 7, no. 1 (2020): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/tpr.2020.v7.i1.002.

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V., Adeline Premeja, R. Beena T., and Jarin T. "CRYSTALLISATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF NOVEL SEMI ORGANIC NON-LINEAR OPTICAL CRYSTAL: GLYCINIUM OXALATE." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Technology 3, no. 1 (2018): 42–53. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1168506.

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Nonlinear optical amino acid single crystals of pure glycine and glycinium oxalate crystals were successfully grown by slow evaporation solution growth method. The grown crystals were subjected to different characterization studies in order to test its suitability for device fabrication. X-ray diffraction studies were carried out to examine the lattice parameters and crystallinity nature. The presence of various functional groups and their modes of vibration were identified using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectral analysis. Optical spectral studies have been carried out to find the band gap and optical constants of the material. The lower cut off wavelength and the transparency region has been analysed using UV-Vis spectral studies. CHNS studies were used to analysethe elemental compositions of the grown crystals. Mechanical strength of the grown samples were tested by Vickers micro hardness and various parameters like work hardening coefficient, elastic stiffness constant and minimum level of indentation load has been calculated. The method adopted for crystal growth and the results obtained through various characterizations are analysed and interpreted in detail.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-linear in nature'

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