Academic literature on the topic 'Non-maleficence'
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Journal articles on the topic "Non-maleficence"
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Bufacchi, Vittorio. "Justice as Non-maleficence." Theoria 67, no. 162 (March 1, 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/th.2020.6716201.
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The principle of non-maleficence, primum non nocere, has deep roots in the history of moral philosophy, being endorsed by John Stuart Mill, W. D. Ross, H. L. A. Hart, Karl Popper and Bernard Gert. And yet, this principle is virtually absent from current debates on social justice. This article suggests that non-maleficence is more than a moral principle; it is also a principle of social justice. Part I looks at the origins of non-maleficence as a principle of ethics, and medical ethics in particular. Part II introduces the idea of non-maleficence as a principle of social justice. Parts III and IV define the principle of justice as non-maleficence in terms of its scope and coherence, while Part V argues that the motivation of not doing harm makes this principle an alternative to two well-established paradigms in the literature on social justice: justice as mutual advantage (David Gauthier) and justice as impartiality (Brian Barry).
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Meskin, Lawrence H. "Non-Maleficence: Do No Harm!" Journal of the American Dental Association 123, no. 6 (June 1992): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1992.0186.
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Bradley, Lucy. "Non-maleficence: perspective of a medical student." British Journal of General Practice 67, no. 659 (May 25, 2017): 252.2–252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17x691001.
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Dhatariya, Ketan. "Inpatient glucocorticoid use: beneficence vs non-maleficence." British Journal of Hospital Medicine 75, no. 5 (May 2, 2014): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2014.75.5.252.
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Gillon, R. ""Primum non nocere" and the principle of non-maleficence." BMJ 291, no. 6488 (July 13, 1985): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.291.6488.130.
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Saunders, Ben. "First, do no harm: Generalized procreative non-maleficence." Bioethics 31, no. 7 (August 8, 2017): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12366.
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Casey, P. "Beneficence and non-maleficence: confidentiality and carers in psychiatry." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 33, no. 4 (December 17, 2015): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2015.58.
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The editorial considers how psychiatrists can deal with concerns relating to confidentiality that are prominent in patients and their carers. Confidentiality is paramount but there are situations when it can be breached. Some of these relate to emergency situations, others apply in less compelling circumstances. The ethical principles relating to confidentiality will be discussed. An assessment of capacity is central to the person’s ability to consent/refuse information gathering or disclosure. Even when capacity is present, there are strategies that psychiatrists can use to respect patient autonomy while meeting the needs of carers. The possibility of training in negotiating these should be considered, as should advance directives.
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Pugh, Jonathan, Christopher Pugh, and Julian Savulescu. "Exercise prescription and the doctor’s duty of non-maleficence." British Journal of Sports Medicine 51, no. 21 (March 29, 2017): 1555–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097388.
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Warrender, Dan. "Borderline personality disorder and the ethics of risk management: The action/consequence model." Nursing Ethics 25, no. 7 (January 19, 2017): 918–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733016679467.
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Patients with borderline personality disorder are frequent users of inpatient mental health units, with inpatient crisis intervention often used based on the risk of suicide. However, this can present an ethical dilemma for nursing and medical staff, with these clinician responses shifting between the moral principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, dependent on the outcomes of the actions of containing or tolerating risk. This article examines the use of crisis intervention through moral duties, intentions and consequences, culminating in an action/consequence model of risk management, used to explore potential outcomes. This model may be useful in measuring adherence and violation of the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence and therefore an aid to clinical decision making.
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Nandifa, Veronica Nadya Puteri, Yeremias Jena, and Satya Joewana. "BENEFICENCE IS THE HIGHEST MORAL IMPERATIVE OF A DOCTOR DEALING WITH THE POOR QUALITY OF PATIENT AUTONOMY." Jurnal Pendidikan Kedokteran Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Medical Education 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpki.44511.
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Background: Doctors need good moral reasoning to solve moral issues that cause dilemmas in decision making. But researches on medical students suggest that there was no significant moral development in four-year length of studies and there was a moral regression instead since the students entered clinical years. The aim of this study is to find out the description about Duration of Study in Medical School and Moral Reasoning among Medical Students.Methods: This is a descriptive study using cross-sectional design. Samples were medical students of Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia which enrolled at the year of 2012 – 2016. Duration of study was determined by the school year and moral reasoning was determined based on the domain of autonomy, beneficence-non maleficence, justice and other contextual features found in 3 vignettes of moral problems.Results: Students class of 2012-2016’s moral reasoning dominantly identified the principle of beneficence and non-maleficence. In vignette 1, autonomy, justice and other contextual features also had a quite high answer percentage. Overall students’ moral reasoning is similar between school year, but there was slight difference in clinical students. There was no difference in moral reasoning between male and female.Conclusion: Medical Students respect the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. There is a slight difference in moral reasoning between the preclinical and clinical students. There was no difference in moral reasoning between male and female.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-maleficence"
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Åström, Tove. "Arguments for and against palliative sedation : - an ethical reflection." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-73274.
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Introduction: Palliative sedation is the use of sedatives to lower the alertness for symptomcontrol, when suffering is otherwise uncontrollable. Its role in palliative care is frequentlyargued, with both proponents and opponents. End-of-life decisions raise many concerns,including ethical ones, regarding which ethical principle should be valued the most. Someopponents argue that palliative sedation is ethically similar to euthanasia, but there alsoappears to be some confusion concerning concepts and definitions. Aim: To discuss ethical arguments for and against palliative sedation, and relevant ethicaldifferences between palliative sedation and euthanasia. Furthermore, to try to clarify differentconcepts and definitions used in the discussion of the matter. Materials and methods: This work is based on a qualitative literature study, and anargumentative- and concept analysis on hermeneutic ground. Material was gathered through aliterature search, and contains official material, debate articles and scientific articles. Results: Palliative sedation can be argued to protect the ethical values of autonomy,beneficence, dignity and integrity, but simultaneously it is argued to violate those ethicalconcepts. There seems to be disagreements regarding which principle should be highestvalued. Conclusion: The matter of palliative sedation is delicate, and engages a lot of people. Pro- andcontra-arguments vary in strength, partly because of an inconsistency in the use of differentconcepts and definitions. In most of the material studied, it is argued that palliative sedation isethically acceptable, whereas euthanasia is not.
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Vangouver, Maria. "Physician Assisted Suicide - Ethically Defendable or Not? : A Qualitative Ethical Analysis." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-77063.
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Introduction: Physician assisted suicide (PAS) is the process where the patient terminateshis/her life with the aid of a physician who provides a prescription for lethal medication thatthe patient self-administers in order to commit suicide. PAS is practiced in several countriesand is now gaining support in Sweden. The debate shows some confusion regarding thedefinition of concepts and raises several ethical concerns. Aim: To provide an empirical background and clarify concepts. To analyze the ethical arguments for and against PAS. To investigate relevant ethical differences between PAS, euthanasia and withdrawal oflife-sustaining treatment. Materials and methods: Qualitative literature study based on argumentative- and conceptualanalysis on hermeneutic ground. Materials were gathered through a literature search andconsist of scientific articles, debate articles and official materials. Results: The main ethical arguments supporting PAS are autonomy, beneficence and dignity.PAS is by supporters seen as an act of compassion, which fulfills the physician’s obligation ofnon-abandonment. Opponents emphasize that PAS goes against the duty of beneficence andnonmaleficence and fear that there may be a slippery slope where more and more people willdemand PAS. Conclusion: There is no consensus on whether PAS is considered ethically defendable or not.PAS appears to involve a conflict of interest between the principles of beneficence andautonomy. There seems to be some factual disagreements as well as different positions as tohow the ethical principles should be interpreted, and which ethical principle should be valuedthe highest.
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Béranger, Jérôme. "Modèle d'analyse éthique des systèmes d'information en santé appliqué à la Cancérologie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM5017.
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Les nouvelles technologies de l'information et de la communication (NTIC) sont en train de transformer l'exercice de la médecine. Les systèmes d'information (SI) paraissent complexes à la plupart des usagers. Quelles sont les données hébergées ? A qui peut-on les transférer ? Force est de constater que les patients autant que les professionnels de santé ont du mal à se repérer dans ces nouveaux dispositifs tentaculaires d'échanges dématérialisés. Les médecins doivent-ils communiquer au moyen de supports électroniques avec les patients ? Comment communiquent-ils entre eux ? Les données de santé qui circulent sur les réseaux sont-elles sécurisées ? A coup sûr, le perfectionnement des outils de communication constitue une chance d'améliorer la qualité du suivi et de la prise en charge des patients. Cependant, nous manquons encore de recul et de lisibilité. Or, cette relative opacité électronique présente des risques à terme pour l'exercice de la médecine qu'il faut savoir anticiper, à commencer par le soupçon jeté sur le secret médical qui est la pierre angulaire du colloque singulier. Sur un plan méthodologique, la présente recherche délimite son objet d'étude, en se cantonnant au « parcours patient » de la filière cancérologie. Un travail d'enquête sur les besoins des professionnels de santé a été mené dans des établissements de santé des Bouches-du-Rhône. Il a servi à la mise en œuvre d'une modélisation éthique des SI en s'appuyant sur la base des quatre principes de l'éthique biomédicale: autonomie, bienfaisance, non-malfaisance, justiceNew information and communication technologies (NICT) are transforming the practice of medicine. Information systems (IS) appear complexes to most of users. What are the data hosted? Who can I transfer them? It is clear that patients as well as health professionals are struggling to locate in these new devices sprawling computerized exchanges. Physicians have to communicate through electronic media with patients? How do they communicate with each other? The health information circulating on the networks are secure? Certainly, development of communication tools is a chance to improve the quality of monitoring and management of patients. However, we still lack a step back and readability. However, this relative electronic opacity presents, at the end, risks to the practice of medicine need to know ahead, starting with the suspicion cast on medical confidentiality is the cornerstone of the special dialogue. On a methodological level, this research defines its object of study, being confined to the "patient circuit" of the cancer sector. Survey work on the needs of health professionals was conducted in health facilities in the Bouches-du-Rhone. He served in the implementation of an ethical model of IS based on the basis of four principles of biomedical ethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice. The interest of this model is generating scores and ethical charter on initial expectations, the final realization and the means involved in the development of an IS in oncology. This thesis attempts to show that it is possible to reconcile ethics and technology by converting the technical language in the terminology of ethics
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Rusinová, Kateřina. "Pravidlo mrtvého dárce a jeho význam v současné etice transplantací." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-333765.
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The thesis presents current understanding of the concept of death and criteria for diagno- sis of death in the context of organ donation. We will argue that 1) the dead donor rule should not be the necessary condition for retrieving organs for transplantation and 2) it should be permissible to retrieve organs from patients that are imminently dying (not dead yet), with respect to the principle of autonomy and non-maleficence. We will first present the impossibility and current inconsistencies in determining the exact "moment of death" and we will then demonstrate that current organ donors do not fulfill biological criteria for death and that the dead donor rule is not respected in clinical practice. We suggest that in the context of recent major technological advances in the field of critical care medicine the dead donor rule becomes irrelevant and does not contribute to the transplantation ethics. The legal concept of death and the biological phenomenon of death become more and more distant. We argue that declaring death is not necessary for ethically justified policy in transplantation. Both the societal trust and the protection of vulnerable individuals can be ensured by different ethical principles (i.e. the principle of autonomy and the principle of non- maleficence). The sound ethical...
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Nevhutanda, Tshilidzi Rachel. "Ethical decision making by registered nurses in a bureaucratic context." Diss., 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15623.
Full textBooks on the topic "Non-maleficence"
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Hain, Richard D. W., and Satbir Singh Jassal. Ethics in palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198745457.003.0003.
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Ethical principles are the same in palliative medicine as they are in other medical disciplines. Clinical decisions at the end of life, however, may involve ethical considerations and judgements that are particularly complex and on whose outcome much may depend. This chapter reviews basic ethical principles, including beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice as fairness, as well as ethical principles specific to palliative care. It evaluates the principle of double effect and the ethical considerations when withholding and withdrawing treatment, alongside a discussion of euthanasia.
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Ramers, Christian B. Ethical Conduct of Clinical Trials, Institutional Review Boards, Informed Consent, and Financial Conflicts of Interest. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190493097.003.0052.
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Ethics and conflicts of interest are important considerations when planning and carrying out research. It is the role of the institutional review board to weigh these against protection of the research subject when evaluating research proposals. The ethical considerations when performing research include basic ethical principles (e.g., autonomy, confidentiality, non-maleficence, informed consent, beneficence, justice, and utility), as well as nuances such as appropriate study designs, investigator conflict of interests, and bias in all its forms. To help guide clinicians, a number of professional and governmental organizations have published guidelines and recommendations on various aspects of clinical research (e.g., the American Medical Association, the National Institutes of Health, and the US Food and Drug Administration).
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Markus, Hugh, Anthony Pereira, and Geoffrey Cloud. Ethical issues in stroke care. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198737889.003.0017.
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The chapter on ethical issues in stroke care sets out an ethical framework incorporating patient autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice to inform patient-centred stroke care. It covers a broad range of legal information as relevant to stroke care in the United Kingdom such as the European Law of Human Rights, The Human Rights Act 1998, The Mental Capacity Act (MCA) 2007, and Deprivation of Liberty safeguards (DoLS). It covers widely applicable guidance around consent, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, artificial nutrition and hydration, and withholding treatment and withdrawing medical treatment. A section is included to review the various types of Prolonged Disorders of Consciousness which are rare but devastating complication of stroke. An approach to end of life or palliative care in the stroke patient is also discussed.
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Swanson, Jeffrey W., Marvin S. Swartz, and Daniel D. Moseley. US outpatient commitment in context: When is it ethical and how can we tell? Edited by Alec Buchanan and Lisa Wootton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738664.003.0003.
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Outpatient commitment is the legal practice of using civil court orders to mandate mental health treatment in the community for certain adults with serious and chronic mental illnesses. In this chapter, we examine the historical context in which the practice of outpatient commitment emerged in the United States. We discuss the controversial nature of outpatient commitment, examining the assumptions and perspectives of those on either side of ongoing arguments about whether the practice is legitimate, fair, and effective. In the final section of the chapter, we discuss whether, and under what conditions, outpatient commitment may be ethical. We discuss a useful conceptual framework for disentangling the various types of considerations involved in determining whether public policies are ethical. The framework identifies four principles relevant to ethical decision making in the context of outpatient commitment: (1) respect for autonomy, (2) non-maleficence, (3) beneficence, and (4) justice.
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Fowler, Robert, and Abhijit Duggal. Management of pandemic critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0009.
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Adequate and appropriate provision of critical care services during pandemics may dramatically alter vital outcomes of patients who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome and critical illness. Specific anti-viral therapy, antibiotics directed towards probable secondary infections, supportive ventilation and oxygenation, and adherence to multisystem critical care ‘best practices’ can prevent substantial mortality and morbidity, and lessen the pandemic’s impact on global health. However, severe acute respiratory syndrome and the 2009 H1N1 pandemic also highlighted the limited capacity for increased provision of critical care, even in well-resourced settings, and the potential for dramatic differences in mortality in under-resourced settings. Pandemic preparedness hinges on the development of appropriately-trained staff with well-defined roles, and the ability to manage surge in the number of patients. A rigorous infection control programme, and triage protocols based on equitable distribution of resources and ethical principles of justice, beneficence and non-maleficence. Research preparedness, with approved protocols, electronic case report forms and harmonized clinical trials is necessary.
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Baker, Eileen F., ed. Legal and Ethical Issues in Emergency Medicine. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190066420.001.0001.
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Part of the “What Do I Do Now?: Emergency Medicine” series, Legal and Ethical Issues in Emergency Medicine uses a case-based approach to cover common and important topics in the legal and ethical dilemmas that surface in the practice of emergency medicine. Each unique case draws upon the four well-established principles of bioethics: beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice. Other ethical principles, such as honesty and personal integrity, are also addressed. Chapters are rounded out by key points to remember and selected references for further reading. Legal and Ethical Issues in Emergency Medicine addresses a wide range of topics including HIPPA and confidentiality, advance directives, suicidal patients, refusal of care, expert witness testimony, and more. This book is an engaging collection of thought-provoking cases which clinicians can utilize when they encounter difficult situations in the emergency department. The volume is also a self-assessment tool that tests the reader’s ability to answer the question, “What do I do now?”
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Vincent, Jean-Louis. Ethical issues in cardiac arrest and acute cardiac care: a European perspective. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0013_update_002.
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Acute cardiac syndromes are common and responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity. Decision making in such patients can be difficult clinically but can also be complex and challenging from an ethical perspective. This chapter reviews some of the ethical problems, including organ donation and withholding/withdrawing, that can occur in the acutely ill adult cardiac patient, starting with a brief look at the ethical principles that should guide our decision making: beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and distributive justice. The role of advance directives and considerations related to family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation will also be discussed. With the increasing incidence and prevalence of coronary artery disease worldwide, the number of patients with cardiac arrest and requiring acute cardiac care is going to increase, and doctors will increasingly be faced with difficult ethical decisions associated with these patients. Open discussion and debate about these issues and good communication among patients, family members, and members of the health care team are essential to ensure that all patients receive the best possible end-of-life care.
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Vincent, Jean-Louis. Ethical issues in cardiac arrest and acute cardiac care: a European perspective. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0013_update_003.
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Acute cardiac syndromes are common and responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity. Decision making in such patients can be difficult clinically but can also be complex and challenging from an ethical perspective. This chapter reviews some of the ethical problems, including organ donation and withholding/withdrawing, that can occur in the acutely ill adult cardiac patient, starting with a brief look at the ethical principles that should guide our decision making: beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and distributive justice. The role of advance directives and considerations related to family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation will also be discussed. With the increasing incidence and prevalence of coronary artery disease worldwide, the number of patients with cardiac arrest and requiring acute cardiac care is going to increase, and doctors will increasingly be faced with difficult ethical decisions associated with these patients. Open discussion and debate about these issues and good communication among patients, family members, and members of the health care team are essential to ensure that all patients receive the best possible end-of-life care.
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Fellner, Jamie. Human rights. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0004.
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In this chapter, North American and international issues are reviewed covering the range of human rights issues, challenges, and controversies that exist in correctional mental health care. This chapter provides a brief overview of the key internationally recognized human rights that should inform the work of correctional mental health professionals. Human rights reflect a humanistic vision predicated on the foundation of human dignity, which complement the ethical principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. The human rights framework supports correctional mental health staff in their efforts to protect patients from harm and provide them the treatment they need. Human rights provide a universally acknowledged set of precepts that can be used during internal and external advocacy. Mental health professionals should not – consistent with their human rights and ethical obligations – acquiesce silently to conditions of confinement that harm prisoners and violate human rights. They are obligated not only to treat inmates with mental illness with independence and compassion, but to strive to change policies and practices that abuse inmates and violate their rights, even those that involve custodial decisions (e.g. segregation, use of force, restraints). In short, for practitioners who want improved policies and practices, human rights offers a powerful rationale and vision for a different kind of correctional mental health services. The more correctional mental health practitioners embrace and advocate for human rights, the greater the likelihood prisoners’ rights will be respected.
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Keram, Emily A. Hunger strikes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199360574.003.0064.
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The management of hunger strikes in correctional settings presents the psychiatrist with unique clinical and ethical challenges. The potential for such complex tensions between medical decision-making and medical ethics rarely exists in other practice settings. A physician’s primary consideration involves the health of their patient and respect for human life. The correctional psychiatrist treating or evaluating a hunger striker may be involved in medical decisions that lead to opposite extremes, from death by starvation to forced-feeding. Concepts such as respect for human life, respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, and non-maleficence present new and difficult considerations in the context of a correctional hunger strike. The psychiatric evaluation and treatment of hunger strikers within the management protocols of the institution is discussed. The lack of international consensus in this area is reviewed. Participating in the management of a hunger-striking prisoner can pose clinical and ethical dilemmas for the correctional psychiatrist. The psychiatrist should have a clear understanding of the international guidelines for physicians on the ethical management of hunger strikes and their institution’s policies and procedures regarding hunger strikes and force-feeding. Consultation with experts in the field may be of assistance in balancing potentially conflicting roles and responsibilities. This chapter provides correctional psychiatrists with the historical, clinical, legal, and ethical background for working with hunger strikers.
Book chapters on the topic "Non-maleficence"
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Edwards, Steven D. "The Four Principles: Respect for Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence and Justice." In Nursing Ethics, 56–105. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-11867-7_3.
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PIERSCIONEK, B. "Beneficence/non-maleficence." In Law & Ethics for the Eye Care Professional, 49–64. Elsevier, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-045033-9.50008-1.
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Thomas, Jay C. "Ethical Behavior and Competencies." In Specialty Competencies in Organizational and Business Consulting Psychology, 160–67. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195385496.003.0011.
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Chapter 11 discusses ethical behavior and competencies in OBCs, including the APA Code of Ethics, beneficence and non-maleficence, fidelity, responsibility, integrity, justice, and respect, as well as informed consent, confidentiality, improper personal relationships, impairment, and duty to warn.
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Dunn, Michael, and Tony Hope. "3. A toolbox of reasoning." In Medical Ethics: A Very Short Introduction, 27–42. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198815600.003.0003.
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‘A toolbox of reasoning’ discusses a further four tools of ethical reasoning: distinguishing facts from values; reasoning from principles; thought experiments; and spotting and avoiding fallacies in reasoning. Five fallacies are discussed: the no-true Scotsman move; the ten-leaky-buckets tactic; the argument from nature; the argument from playing God; and the slippery slope argument. It also explains how the analysis of medical ethics is organized around four principles—respect for patient autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice—and their scope of application. Ethical reasoning cannot be reduced to algorithms. Situations are complex and doing the right thing will often require flexibility. Humane medicine, in addition to rationality, requires wisdom, imagination, and creativity.
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Harrison, Paul, Philip Cowen, Tom Burns, and Mina Fazel. "Ethics and civil law." In Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, 71–86. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198747437.003.0004.
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‘Ethics and civil law’ is concerned with the ways in which general ethical principles, relating to matters such as confidentiality, consent, and autonomy, are applied in the care of people with mental disorders. The chapter also covers the law as it applies to psychiatry in the United Kingdom. Ethical principles require extra careful attention in psychiatry because some patients lack capacity and because of the power of involuntary treatment. The ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and dignity are outlined with their inherent potential conflicts. The Mental Health Act for the detention of patients who are unable to recognize their need for treatment is also covered, as are some aspects of civil law that relate to the practice of psychiatry.
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Pillai, Veena, Alison Mosier-Mills, and Kaveh Khoshnood. "Methodological and ethical challenges in research with forcibly displaced populations." In The Health of Refugees, 209–29. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814733.003.0011.
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This chapter outlines key methodological and ethical issues that researchers face when conducting social science and health research with forcibly displaced populations. It highlights specific considerations for researchers, using case studies from research conducted with refugees in Malaysia and asylum seekers in Israel. The Malaysian case considers patient safety, accessing hidden populations, non-maleficence, beneficence, the nuances of researcher–participant relationships, and the importance of input from local ethics committees. The Israel case describes the intricacies of working with asylum seekers in non-camp settings, benefits for participants, the threat of deportation, the risk of participant reliance on researchers for support services, working as a cultural liaison, and the potential for hostility from the government. The chapter underscores the unique challenges stemming from the complexity and diversity of these populations. Finally, it provides guidelines and recommendations for ethical review boards evaluating proposals for research with forcibly displaced populations.
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Deakin, Nicholas A., Antonio Ventriglio, and Dinesh Bhugra. "Ethics and migrant psychiatry." In Oxford Textbook of Migrant Psychiatry, edited by Dinesh Bhugra, Oyedeji Ayonrinde, Edgardo Juan Tolentino, Koravangattu Valsraj, and Antonio Ventriglio, 423–30. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198833741.003.0050.
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Ethical practice of medicine in general and psychiatry in particular form an integral part of medical professionalism in order to ensure that patients not only get the best treatments for their needs but also that these are delivered in an ethical framework. For centuries, doctors and psychiatrists have continued to rely on the four principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice as critical components of decision-making in treating their patients. As the concepts of health have changed the basic principles remain the same. This “four principles” approach has much to offer medical professionals when they are faced with ethical dilemmas in clinical and non-clinical practice. In this chapter, we outline the basis of these principles and consider the key strengths while using this theory. For psychiatrists there is a major imperative as their actions can deprive patients of their liberty. The “four principles” should be considered when making ethical decisions, and in conjunction with professional judgement and wider ethical frameworks.
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Tilvis, Reijo. "Legal and ethical issues in care of older adults." In Oxford Textbook of Geriatric Medicine, 209–14. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198701590.003.0029.
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Widely accepted ethical principles are taken into account in several international declarations and recommendations, but national legislations of care for old people are characterized by wide diversity. Ethical considerations go further than pure clinical assessments and include all consequences of starting and/or withholding of cure and care. The oldest Hippocratic principles—beneficence (doing good) and non-maleficence (not harming)—are obligations of physicians to act in the best interest of the patients. Autonomy, the existence and feeling of freedom of choice and self-governance, has replaced paternalism, and is cherished in Western culture. Sufficient information and capacity of the patient are preconditions for giving informed consent before any treatment is undertaken. In cases of lacking capacity, the healthcare providers must consult family members or other proxy persons to find out what the patient’s wish might have been. Advanced statements of wishes or advanced directives can help to avoid surrogate decisions.
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Jacobs, Lorette. "Embedding Ethical Principles in the Information Science Research Process." In Advances in Library and Information Science, 52–79. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1471-9.ch004.
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The chapter focuses on important aspects of ethics that will guide an information science researcher to consider ethics as an integral part of a successful research project. The Nuremberg Code, Belmont Report, and Declaration of Helsinki informed ethical principles and practices that are seen as internationally acceptable. Since the inception of the National Health Act 61 of 2003 in South Africa, which informs research practices related to all disciplines, ethics has become a mandatory part of the research process. However, applying ethical principles during research may, at times, be fraught with difficulties. Cultural diversity, transformation, and technological advancements expand the complexity of ethical issues that researchers should consider. It is important for prospective researchers to gain knowledge and understanding of the context of ethics and its application throughout the research process. Researchers are required to adhere to strict ethical principles related to respect, consent, beneficence, non-maleficence, confidentiality, and anonymity.
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Shanker, Ruby Rajendra, Angela Underhill, Valerie Nicholson, Logan Kennedy, Denise Jaworsky, and Mona Loutfy. "Ethical Issues in the Care and Support of Women Living with HIV." In Ethical Issues in Women's Healthcare, edited by Lori d’Agincourt-Canning and Carolyn Ells, 107–28. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190851361.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter aims to explore some of the ethical issues that arise when providing clinical care and support to women living with HIV across the life course. Feminist perspectives and intersectionality inform the authors’ interpretation of the four principles of biomedical ethics as described by Beauchamp and Childress: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. The analysis also addresses the issues of stigma and oppression. Developed in accordance with the principles of the Greater Involvement of People Living with HIV/AIDS (GIPA) and Meaningful Involvement of People Living with HIV (MIPA), this chapter honors the experiences of a woman living with HIV who, as a peer research associate, knowledge keeper, and front-line warrior, and through her Indigenous identity, lends crucial insight to the discourse. Her experiences enrich the perspectives of a healthcare ethicist, a nurse, a doctoral student, and two physicians who together have three decades of experience working with women living with HIV.
Conference papers on the topic "Non-maleficence"
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O'Hara, Lily, and Jane Taylo. "The Impact of the Red Lotus Critical Health Promotion Model on Graduates’ Health Promotion Practice." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0110.
Full textAbstract:
The Red Lotus Critical Health Promotion Model (RLCHPM) is used in health promotion teaching, research and practice in multiple countries. The model is designed to support critical health promotion as a public health practice, and responds to calls to move practice away from biomedical-behavioural approaches to health promotion. The RLCHPM includes of a system of values and principles for critical practice including health equity, holistic health paradigm, strengths-based salutogenic approaches, socioecological science, non-maleficence, and empowering engagement processes. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the RLCHPM on the practice of graduates from health promotion programs from a university in Australia. Methods: We conducted a mixed methods study involving an online survey of graduates from 2008 to 2016, followed by semi-structured interviews with a subset of self-nominated respondents. We used descriptive analyses for survey data and thematic analysis for interview data. Results: There was a total of 95 respondents (49% response rate) and 10 of these were interviewed. Participants felt knowledgeable about the model, and confident about their ability to use it. The model was understandable, easy to use, and important, relevant and useful in practice. More than half felt that the model had an impact on their health promotion practice, however less than a quarter felt that the model had an impact on institutional policies in their workplace. Interview data revealed the need for a step-by-step guide for implementing the model in multiple sectors, access to ongoing support for model implementation, and clearer links to other relevant models. Conclusions: The RLCHPM is well understood and considered to be important, relevant and useful to the practice of graduates. The study has implications for the use of the model in health promotion degree programs, and in professional development programs for health promotion practitioners.