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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-maleficence'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 11 June 2025

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1

Bufacchi, Vittorio. "Justice as Non-maleficence." Theoria 67, no. 162 (2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/th.2020.6716201.

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The principle of non-maleficence, primum non nocere, has deep roots in the history of moral philosophy, being endorsed by John Stuart Mill, W. D. Ross, H. L. A. Hart, Karl Popper and Bernard Gert. And yet, this principle is virtually absent from current debates on social justice. This article suggests that non-maleficence is more than a moral principle; it is also a principle of social justice. Part I looks at the origins of non-maleficence as a principle of ethics, and medical ethics in particular. Part II introduces the idea of non-maleficence as a principle of social justice. Parts III and IV define the principle of justice as non-maleficence in terms of its scope and coherence, while Part V argues that the motivation of not doing harm makes this principle an alternative to two well-established paradigms in the literature on social justice: justice as mutual advantage (David Gauthier) and justice as impartiality (Brian Barry).

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Meskin, Lawrence H. "Non-Maleficence: Do No Harm!" Journal of the American Dental Association 123, no. 6 (1992): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1992.0186.

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Bradley, Lucy. "Non-maleficence: perspective of a medical student." British Journal of General Practice 67, no. 659 (2017): 252.2–252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp17x691001.

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Dhatariya, Ketan. "Inpatient glucocorticoid use: beneficence vs non-maleficence." British Journal of Hospital Medicine 75, no. 5 (2014): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2014.75.5.252.

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5

Gillon, R. ""Primum non nocere" and the principle of non-maleficence." BMJ 291, no. 6488 (1985): 130–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.291.6488.130.

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Saunders, Ben. "First, do no harm: Generalized procreative non-maleficence." Bioethics 31, no. 7 (2017): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12366.

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Casey, P. "Beneficence and non-maleficence: confidentiality and carers in psychiatry." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 33, no. 4 (2015): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2015.58.

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The editorial considers how psychiatrists can deal with concerns relating to confidentiality that are prominent in patients and their carers. Confidentiality is paramount but there are situations when it can be breached. Some of these relate to emergency situations, others apply in less compelling circumstances. The ethical principles relating to confidentiality will be discussed. An assessment of capacity is central to the person’s ability to consent/refuse information gathering or disclosure. Even when capacity is present, there are strategies that psychiatrists can use to respect patient autonomy while meeting the needs of carers. The possibility of training in negotiating these should be considered, as should advance directives.

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Pugh, Jonathan, Christopher Pugh, and Julian Savulescu. "Exercise prescription and the doctor’s duty of non-maleficence." British Journal of Sports Medicine 51, no. 21 (2017): 1555–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097388.

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Warrender, Dan. "Borderline personality disorder and the ethics of risk management: The action/consequence model." Nursing Ethics 25, no. 7 (2017): 918–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733016679467.

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Patients with borderline personality disorder are frequent users of inpatient mental health units, with inpatient crisis intervention often used based on the risk of suicide. However, this can present an ethical dilemma for nursing and medical staff, with these clinician responses shifting between the moral principles of beneficence and non-maleficence, dependent on the outcomes of the actions of containing or tolerating risk. This article examines the use of crisis intervention through moral duties, intentions and consequences, culminating in an action/consequence model of risk management, used to explore potential outcomes. This model may be useful in measuring adherence and violation of the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence and therefore an aid to clinical decision making.

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Nandifa, Veronica Nadya Puteri, Yeremias Jena, and Satya Joewana. "BENEFICENCE IS THE HIGHEST MORAL IMPERATIVE OF A DOCTOR DEALING WITH THE POOR QUALITY OF PATIENT AUTONOMY." Jurnal Pendidikan Kedokteran Indonesia: The Indonesian Journal of Medical Education 9, no. 1 (2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jpki.44511.

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Background: Doctors need good moral reasoning to solve moral issues that cause dilemmas in decision making. But researches on medical students suggest that there was no significant moral development in four-year length of studies and there was a moral regression instead since the students entered clinical years. The aim of this study is to find out the description about Duration of Study in Medical School and Moral Reasoning among Medical Students.Methods: This is a descriptive study using cross-sectional design. Samples were medical students of Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia which enrolled at the year of 2012 – 2016. Duration of study was determined by the school year and moral reasoning was determined based on the domain of autonomy, beneficence-non maleficence, justice and other contextual features found in 3 vignettes of moral problems.Results: Students class of 2012-2016’s moral reasoning dominantly identified the principle of beneficence and non-maleficence. In vignette 1, autonomy, justice and other contextual features also had a quite high answer percentage. Overall students’ moral reasoning is similar between school year, but there was slight difference in clinical students. There was no difference in moral reasoning between male and female.Conclusion: Medical Students respect the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. There is a slight difference in moral reasoning between the preclinical and clinical students. There was no difference in moral reasoning between male and female.

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Bergman, Carl, Carl Bergman, and Marissa Galicia-Castillo. "TAVR – Primum Non Nocere: The Issue of Non-Maleficence in an Era of Modern Medical Advances." Journal of the American Medical Directors Association 17, no. 3 (2016): B6—B7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2015.12.031.

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Chiovitti, Rosalina F. "Theory of protective empowering for balancing patient safety and choices." Nursing Ethics 18, no. 1 (2011): 88–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733010386169.

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Registered nurses in psychiatric-mental health nursing continuously balance the ethical principles of duty to do good (beneficence) and no harm (non-maleficence) with the duty to respect patient choices (autonomy). However, the problem of nurses’ level of control versus patients’ choices remains a challenge. The aim of this article is to discuss how nurses accomplish their simultaneous responsibility for balancing patient safety (beneficence and non-maleficence) with patient choices (autonomy) through the theory of protective empowering. This is done by reflecting on interview excerpts about caring from 17 registered nurses taking part in a grounded theory study conducted in three acute urban psychiatric hospital settings in Canada. The interplay between the protective and empowering dimensions of the theory of protective empowering was found to correspond with international, national, and local nursing codes of ethics and standards. The overall core process of protective empowering, and its associated reflective questions, is offered as a new lens for balancing patient safety with choices.

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Thaldar, Donrich, and Bonginkosi Shozi. "Procreative Non-Maleficence: A South African Human Rights Perspective on Heritable Human Genome Editing." CRISPR Journal 3, no. 1 (2020): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/crispr.2019.0036.

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Sinkfield-Morey, Tammy. "How Using the Term “Non-Compliant” Keeps Providers From Partnering With Patients." Creative Nursing 24, no. 3 (2018): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1946-6560.24.3.178.

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The aim of this article is to offer an alternate perspective for nurses to consider when assigning the label “non-compliant” to a patient. This discussion contains three examples of experiences of people who were designated non-compliant patients, and how they were then thought of as problems, and a fourth example in which the patient’s autonomy was respected. The unintended negative consequences of labeling people as non-compliant are examined through the lens of three ethical principles: (a) respect for autonomy, (b) beneficence, and (c) non-maleficence.

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De Roubaix, J. A. M. "Beneficence, non-maleficence, distributive justice and respect for patient autonomy – reconcilable ends in aesthetic surgery?" Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery 64, no. 1 (2011): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bjps.2010.03.034.

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Schreck, Janet Simon. "A Bioethics Primer for Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists Working With Older Adults." Perspectives on Gerontology 20, no. 1 (2015): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/gero20.1.4.

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Speech-language pathologists and audiologists practicing in geriatric settings often encounter ethical dilemmas associated with clinical care. This article defines and discusses the four principles of bioethics: autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. Using a case study, the bioethical framework is applied to demonstrate the overlap between the principles and the complexity of ethical decision-making by the geriatric clinician.

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Schwartz, Gary. "Hippocrates Revisited." Einstein Journal of Biology and Medicine 21, no. 1 (2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23861/ejbm200421448.

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A fundamental principle upon which the physician-patient relationship has come to rest is that of “primum non nocere,” translated from Latin to “first, do no harm.” It is often erroneously attributed to the Hippocratic Oath that graduating medical students swear by at more than 60% of United States medical schools (Tung and Organ, 2000), which actually lacks that phrasing, although it certainly acknowledges the principle of non-maleficence. Some sources attribute the Latin language of “primum non nocere” to the Roman physician Galen, c. 129–200 C.E. (Weitzel, 1996).

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Raut, Shristi, and Anand Kumar. "Medical Ethics in Clinical Practice in Nepal: Challenges and Way Forward." Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences 6, no. 2 (2018): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jucms.v6i2.22500.

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Ethics for health care professional have many components. Among them, medical ethics is one of the important but neglected component which deals with issues related to confidentiality, beneficence and non-maleficence between health care providers and stake holders. Four basic principles of medical ethics are autonomy, justice, beneficence and non- maleficence which form the foundation of ethical clinical practice. The level of knowledge on medical ethics that medical students receive during the training is meagre and inadequate. In recent years, clinical practice has become more challenging. This is primarily due to increased opposition, aggression and violence against medical professionals at health care settings. As a result, the gap between clinicians and patients is increasing leading to diminishing trust and real/perceived allegations. In addition, the widening gap between doctors and patients has provided a space for middle men/broker to meddle, oppose and flare up the violence against treatment providers. Doctors and other medical professionals have been increasingly facing such challenges leading to circumspection in their practice, despondence, psychosocial trauma and depression. There is an urgent need of incorporation of medical ethics in undergraduate curriculum and independent hospital ethics committee consisting of experts from the hospital and outside to monitor and provide rational reasons to minimize such challenges.

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Orlins, Zachary. "A suicidal, dysarthric patient who wishes to discontinue life-sustaining treatments: A case report." International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine 53, no. 4 (2018): 306–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091217417749797.

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Psychiatrists may be among the clinicians to encounter a depressed and suicidal patient who wishes to discontinue life-sustaining treatment. A patient who is suffering from a condition such as dysarthria makes decision-making capacity (a physician’s determination of a patient’s ability to medically consent) increasingly difficult to assess. The clinician must balance ethical principles of autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice in order to achieve a plan of care that is in the patient’s best interest.

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Uren, William J. "A principled Australian text." Australian Health Review 29, no. 3 (2005): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah050369.

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In 1979, the American authors Tom L Beauchamp and James F Childress published the first edition of Principles of biomedical ethics. They espoused the theory of what has come to be known as ?principlism? as a bridge between the deontological and ut i l i tarian approaches to bioethics. They identified four central values ? autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice ? as the fundamental moral principles in terms of which to address ethical dilemmas in biomedical theory and practice.

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Loi, Michele, Markus Christen, Nadine Kleine, and Karsten Weber. "Cybersecurity in health – disentangling value tensions." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 17, no. 2 (2019): 229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-12-2018-0095.

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Purpose Cybersecurity in healthcare has become an urgent matter in recent years due to various malicious attacks on hospitals and other parts of the healthcare infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is to provide an outline of how core values of the health systems, such as the principles of biomedical ethics, are in a supportive or conflicting relation to cybersecurity. Design/methodology/approach This paper claims that it is possible to map the desiderata relevant to cybersecurity onto the four principles of medical ethics, i.e. beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice, and explore value conflicts in that way. Findings With respect to the question of how these principles should be balanced, there are reasons to think that the priority of autonomy relative to beneficence and non-maleficence in contemporary medical ethics could be extended to value conflicts in health-related cybersecurity. Research limitations/implications However, the tension between autonomy and justice, which relates to the desideratum of usability of information and communication technology systems, cannot be ignored even if one assumes that respect for autonomy should take priority over other moral concerns. Originality/value In terms of value conflicts, most discussions in healthcare deal with the conflict of balancing efficiency and privacy given the sensible nature of health information. In this paper, the authors provide a broader and more detailed outline.

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Prawiroharjo, Pukovisa, Anna Rozaliyani, Ghina Faradisa Hatta, and Mohammad Baharuddin. "Tinjauan Etik Penentuan dan Pola Koordinasi Dokter Penanggungjawab Pelayanan (DPJP) pada Layanan Medis Multidisiplin." Jurnal Etika Kedokteran Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26880/jeki.v4i1.42.

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Perawatan pasien yang melibatkan banyak disiplin ilmu dan perjumpaan dokter-pasien yang terpisah-pisah berpotensi menimbulkan perbedaan pendekatan dan rekomendasi antardokter. Kondisi ini dapat menyebabkan kebingungan pasien dan tumpang tindih dalam tatalaksana pasien. Prinsip layanan medis mencakup patient-centered care dan layanan berkesinambungan (continuity of care). Ketimpangan prinsip etik dapat dijumpai dalam layanan medis multidisiplin meliputi prinsip etik beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, dan justice. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengingatkan kembali tujuan dasar pelayanan medis multidisiplin, serta potensi ketimpangan dalam praktiknya.

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Scholtes, Beatrice, and Peter Schröder-Bäck. "Ethical considerations for the design and implementation of child injury prevention interventions: the example of delivering and installing safety equipment into the home." Injury Prevention 25, no. 3 (2017): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042542.

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IntroductionPublic health ethics is a growing field of academic interest but ethical discussion of injury prevention seems to have received limited attention. Interventions that promise to be effective are not necessarily—without explicit justification—‘good’ and ‘right’ interventions in every sense. This paper explores public health ethics in the context of child injury prevention with the objective to initiate interdisciplinary dialogue on the ethics of child safety interventions.MethodA framework of seven public health ethics principles (non-maleficence, health maximisation, beneficence, respect for autonomy, justice, efficiency and proportionality) were applied to an intervention to promote child safety in the home.ResultsPreventing child injury in the home is ethically challenging due to the requirement for the state to intervene in the private sphere. Non-maleficence and beneficence are difficult to judge within this intervention as these are likely to be highly dependent on the nature of intervention delivery, in particular, the quality of communication. Respect for autonomy is challenged by an intervention occurring in the home. The socioeconomic gradient in child injury risk is an important factor but a nuanced approach could help to avoid exacerbating inequalities or stigmatisation. Equally, a nuanced approach may be necessary to accommodate the principles of proportionality and efficiency within the local context.ConclusionWe conclude that this intervention is justifiable from an ethical perspective but that this type of reflection loop is helpful to identify the impact of interventions beyond effectiveness.

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Godongwana, Motlatso, Juanita Chewparsad, Limakatso Lebina, Jonathan Golub, Neil Martinson, and Brooke A. Jarrett. "Ethical Implications of eHealth Tools for Delivering STI/HIV Laboratory Results and Partner Notifications." Current HIV/AIDS Reports 18, no. 3 (2021): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11904-021-00549-y.

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Abstract Purpose of Review eHealth tools are increasingly utilized for communication with patients. Although efficacious and cost-effective, these tools face several barriers that challenge their ethical use in sexual health. We reviewed literature from the past decade to pick illustrative studies of eHealth tools that deliver results of laboratory tests for sexually transmitted infections, including the human immunodeficiency virus, as well as partner notifications. We describe ethical implications for such technologies. Recent Findings Our review found that despite widespread research on the use of eHealth tools in delivering laboratory results and partner notifications, these studies rarely measured or reported on the ethical implications. Such implications can be organized according to the four major principles in bioethics: beneficence, patient autonomy, non-maleficence, and justice. The beneficence of eHealth typically measures efficacy in comparison to existing standards of care. Patient autonomy includes the ability to opt in or out of eHealth tools, right-based principles of consent, and sovereignty over healthcare data. To adhere to the principle of non-maleficence, relevant harms must be identified and measured—such as unintentional disclosure of illness, sexual orientation, or sexual activity. Justice must also be considered to accommodate all users equally, irrespective of their literacy level, with easy-to-use platforms that provide clear messages. Summary Based on case studies from this review, we developed a list of recommendations for the ethical development and evaluation of eHealth platforms to deliver STI/HIV results to patients and notifications to partners.

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Mann, Ankita, Sumita Mehta, and Anshul Grover. "Caesarean delivery on maternal request (CDMR): clinical and ethical dilemma." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 6, no. 7 (2017): 3201. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20172966.

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Now a days, in developing countries like India, one of the most common contributing factor for increasing caesarean section rate is CDMR (Caesarean delivery on maternal request). Incidence of CDMR reached upto 18 percent of total caesarean deliveries worldwide. The issue of CDMR is ongoing bioethical debate which highlights the struggle to balance patient autonomy with duty of obstetrician to uphold the principle of beneficence, non maleficence and justice. Our mission should be to promote safe, effective and satisfying maternity care for all women and their families through research, education, expertise and advocacy.

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Smith, Tammy L., Julia F. Beyer, Edward A. Polloway, J. David Smith, and James R. Patton. "Ethical Considerations in Teaching Self-Determination: Challenges in Rural Special Education." Rural Special Education Quarterly 27, no. 1-2 (2008): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756870508027001-206.

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The development of self-determination skills in students with disabilities is a priority in special education. Its importance is particularly significant for students who are attending schools in rural areas. Instruction in self-determination also raises important ethical questions. Using a model developed by Bredberg and Davidson (1999), four foundational elements in ethics are explored with reference to self-determination: justice, respect for economy, beneficence, and non-maleficence. Considerations for providing instruction in these skills are highlighted and the challenges of doing so in a rural setting are addressed.

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Shooter, Michael. "What a patient can expect from a consultant psychiatrist." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 3, no. 2 (1997): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.3.2.119.

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This half-joking remark from the Specialist Adviser to a national mental health charity, sums up the dilemma every consultant faces from time to time: how to be all things to all people. What is more, it tunes in to our own sense of omnipotence. A recent review of ethics in psychiatry (Adshead, 1995) urged consultants to follow the four principles in practice: respect for the autonomy of the patient; beneficence (actively doing good); non-maleficence (avoiding doing harm); and the pursuit of justice – an incontestable but formidable remit.

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Fenton, Kathleen N., Marcelo Cardarelli, Frank Molloy, and William M. Novick. "Ethics in humanitarian efforts: when should resources be allocated to paediatric heart surgery?" Cardiology in the Young 29, no. 1 (2018): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951118001713.

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AbstractBackgroundIn countries with ample resources, no debate exists as to whether heart surgery should be provided. However, where funding is limited, what responsibility exists to care for children with congenital heart defects? If children have a “right” to surgical treatment, to whom is the “duty” to provide it assigned? These questions are subjected to ethical analysis.MethodsExamination is initially based on the four principles of medical ethics: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. Consideration of beneficence and justice is expanded using a consequentialist approach.ResultsSocial structures, including governments, exist to foster the common good. Society, whether by means of government funding or otherwise, has the responsibility, according to the means available, to assure health care for all based on the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. In wealthy countries, adequate resources exist to fund appropriate treatment; hence it should be provided to all based on distributive justice. In resource-limited countries, however, decisions regarding provision of care for expensive or complex health problems must be made with consideration for broader effects on the general public. Preliminary data from cost-effectiveness analysis indicate that many surgical interventions, including cardiac surgery, may be resource-efficient. Given that information, utilitarian ethical analysis supports dedication of resources to congenital heart surgery in many low-income countries. In the poorest countries, where access to drinking water and basic nutrition is problematic, it will often be more appropriate to focus on these issues first.ConclusionEthical analysis supports dedication of resources to congenital heart surgery in all but the poorest countries.

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Oberle, Kathleen, and Marion Allen. "Ethical Considerations for Nurses in Clinical Trials." Nursing Ethics 13, no. 2 (2006): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0969733006ne836oa.

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Ethical issues arise for nurses involved in all phases of clinical trials regardless of whether they are caregivers, research nurses, trial co-ordinators or principal investigators. Potential problem areas centre on nurses’ moral obligation related to methodological issues as well as the notions of beneficence/non-maleficence and autonomy. These ethical concerns can be highly upsetting to nurses if they are not addressed, so it is imperative that they are discussed fully prior to the initiation of a trial. Failure to resolve these issues can place both the conduct and the results of research in jeopardy.

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Piccoli, Giorgina Barbara, Tiziana Trabace, Antoine Chatrenet, et al. "New Intravenous Calcimimetic Agents: New Options, New Problems. An Example on How Clinical, Economical and Ethical Considerations Affect Choice of Treatment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (2020): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041238.

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Background. Dialysis treatment is improving, but several long-term problems remain unsolved, including metabolic bone disease linked to chronic kidney disease (CKD-MBD). The availability of new, efficacious but expensive drugs (intravenous calcimimetic agents) poses ethical problems, especially in the setting of budget limitations. Methods. Reasons of choice, side effects, biochemical trends were discussed in a cohort of 15 patients (13% of the dialysis population) who stared treatment with intravenous calcimimetics in a single center. All patients had previously been treated with oral calcimimetic agents; dialysis efficacy was at target in 14/15; hemodiafiltration was employed in 10/15. Median Charlson Comorbidity Index was 8. The indications were discussed according to the principlist ethics (beneficience, non maleficience, justice and autonomy). Biochemical results were analyzed to support the clinical-ethical choices. Results. In the context of a strict clinical and biochemical surveillance, the lack of side effects ensured “non-maleficence”; efficacy was at least similar to oral calcimimetic agents, but tolerance was better. Autonomy was respected through a shared decision-making model; all patients appreciated the reduction of the drug burden, and most acknowledged better control of their biochemical data. The ethical conflict resides in the balance between the clinical “beneficience, non-maleficience” advantage and “justice” (economic impact of treatment, potentially in attrition with other resources, since the drug is expensive and included in the dialysis bundle). The dilemma is more relevant when a patient’s life expectancy is short (economic impact without clear clinical advantages), or when non-compliance is an issue (unclear advantage if the whole treatment is not correctly taken). Conclusions. In a context of person-centered medicine, autonomy, beneficence and non-maleficence should weight more than economic justice. While ethical discussions are not aimed at finding “the right answer” but asking “the right questions”, this example can raise awareness of the importance of including an ethical analysis in the choice of “economically relevant” drugs.

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de Vries, Martine C., and A. A. Eduard Verhagen. "A Case Against Something That Is Not the Case: The Groningen Protocol and the Moral Principle of Non-Maleficence." American Journal of Bioethics 8, no. 11 (2008): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160802521039.

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Real de Asúa, Diego, Katarina Lee, Peter Koch, Inmaculada de Melo-Martín, and Trevor Bibler. "We don’t need unilateral DNRs: taking informed non-dissent one step further." Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 5 (2019): 314–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-105305.

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Although shared decision-making is a standard in medical care, unilateral decisions through process-based conflict resolution policies have been defended in certain cases. In patients who do not stand to receive proportional clinical benefits, the harms involved in interventions such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation seem to run contrary to the principle of non-maleficence, and provision of such interventions may cause clinicians significant moral distress. However, because the application of these policies involves taking choices out of the domain of shared decision-making, they face important ethical and legal problems, including a recent challenge to their constitutionality. In light of these concerns, we suggest a re-conceptualization of informed non-dissent as an alternative approach in cases where the application of process-based policies is being considered. This clinician-directed communication model still preserves what is valuable in such policies and salvages professional integrity, while minimising ethical and legal challenges.

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Van Patter, Lauren E., and Charlotte Blattner. "Advancing Ethical Principles for Non-Invasive, Respectful Research with Nonhuman Animal Participants." Society & Animals 28, no. 2 (2020): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685306-00001810.

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Abstract Animal studies scholars are increasingly engaging with nonhuman animals firsthand to better understand their lifeworlds and interests. The current 3R framework is inadequate to guide respectful, non-invasive research relations that aim to encounter animals as meaningful participants and safeguard their well-being. This article responds to this gap by advancing ethical principles for research with animals guided by respect, justice, and reflexivity. It centers around three core principles: non-maleficence (including duties around vulnerability and confidentiality); beneficence (including duties around reciprocity and representation); and voluntary participation (involving mediated informed consent and ongoing embodied assent). We discuss three areas (inducements, privacy, and refusing research) that merit further consideration. The principles we advance serve as a starting point for further discussions as researchers across disciplines strive to conduct multispecies research that is guided by respect for otherness, geared to ensuring animals’ flourishing, and committed to a nonviolent ethic.

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Boudreau, Richard. "Meaning in Medical Ethics." General medicine and Clinical Practice 1, no. 2 (2018): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2639-4162/007.

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Medical ethics is a system of moral principles that applies values to the practice of clinical medicine and to scientific research. They are based on a set of values that professionals can refer to in the event that they are in conflict or are confused. The values include: beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, veracity, dignity. The code of ethics is based on the understanding of the goals of medicine dating back to the 5th century B.C. and Hippocrates. By 1847, the code of ethics was based greatly on Thomas Percival's work. He was an English physician-philosopher and wrote a code of medical ethics for hospitals in 1803.

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Prawiroharjo, Pukovisa, Putri Dianita Ika Meilia, and Ghina Faradisa Hatta. "Etika Menyampaikan Informasi Diagnosis Penyakit Terminal kepada Pasien sesuai Konteks Budaya Indonesia." Jurnal Etika Kedokteran Indonesia 4, no. 1 (2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26880/jeki.v4i1.41.

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Sikap dan perilaku pasien terhadap berita buruk, misalnya diagnosis penyakit terminal ataupun kondisi medis buruk lainnya, harus ditangani secara khusus. Di balik kewajiban dokter untuk bersikap jujur dan mengedepankan autonomy pasien, prinsip etik beneficencedan non-maleficence menjadi pertimbangan dalam penahanan sebagian atau seluruh informasi yang dapat melemahkan psikis atau sik pasien. Selain itu, budaya patrilineal dan matrilineal di Indonesia yang masih kental juga mempengaruhi keluarga pasien saat turut serta membuat keputusan atas kondisi medis pasien. Prima facie dalam masalah ini perlu ditinjau dengan mempertimbangkan faktor budaya, kondisi sik dan psikis pasien, serta Kode Etik Kedokteran Indonesia (KODEKI) yang menjadi pilar dari pertimbangan etik kedokteran di Indonesia.

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Slabbert, Magda. "Ethics, Justice and the Sale of Kidneys for Transplantation Purposes." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal/Potchefstroomse Elektroniese Regsblad 13, no. 2 (2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2010/v13i2a2641.

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Living kidney donor transplantations are complex; add to that financial compensation to the donor and one enters an ethical maze. Debates on whether the buying and selling of kidneys should be allowed are mainly between utilitarians, deontologists and virtue ethicists as legal transplants are more common in the Western world. The pros and cons of each theory in relation to the sale of human organs are analysed, after which the foundational principles for all bio-ethical judgments; beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy and justice are also scrutinised in seeking to justify the sale of human kidneys for transplantation purposes in a country with a human rights culture.

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Vanderveen, Gabry. "Beeldmateriaal in kwalitatief sociaalwetenschappelijk onderzoek." KWALON 26, no. 1 (2021): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/kwa2021.1.004.vand.

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Abstract Visuals in qualitative social science research The visual is omnipresent in daily life. Though research is still mainly verbal by nature, visual studies and visual methods have become part of academic social research. This contribution intends to introduce visual methods to students and researchers who are not familiar with the possibilities. First, the reasons why researchers work with visuals are described. Next, following , ) we distinguish between visuals as data, as part of the data collection method and as output of research. Just like in any other research, autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence and justice are the guiding principles when making choices during the research process.

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Silva, Ana Catarina Fortunato, Hernâni Pombas Caniço, Susana Rosa Lopes, and Margarida Silvestre. "Principlism in the daily practice of Family Medicine." Revista Portuguesa de Clínica Geral 37, no. 3 (2021): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32385/rpmgf.v37i3.12693.

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Introduction: Principlism, from Tom Beauchamp and James Childress, is the most widely accepted theory in biomedical ethics. It is based on four principles: Beneficence, Non-maleficence, Autonomy and Justice. These are part of a common moral serving general action guides to any clinician, including the Family Doctor. The main purposes of this review are to describe how Principlism can be applied to daily general practice and reflect about how bioethics’ principles can improve the Physician Patient Relationship. Methods: We developed an integrative literature review, including conventions, declarations, treaties, text books and scientific research articles. Three medical databases were selected to search through the medical literature with specific inclusion criteria. From a total of 2352 potential articles, 161 were read and 21 were included in this review. The results were grouped into four categories: Family Medicine and the physician-patient relationship; Respect for autonomy; Non-maleficence and beneficence; and Justice. Results: Family Doctors play their professional role by promoting health, preventing disease and providing cure, care, or palliation. This area may be faced with ethical dilemmas including the moment of obtaining informed consent, medical confidentiality, diseases prevention and also the choice of complementary diagnostic tests and therapeutics. All these moral dilemmas arise in the context of a single interpersonal relationship, which is possibly the most therapeutic aspect of the medical consultation. Conclusions: Despite all the technological innovation, moral conduct and principles governing the profession of Family Doctors remains faithful to the principles of the FM specialty. In a context of a dehumanization threat and global discontent, it is essential to foster a growing humanization of primary health care and recover ethical values, in order to achieve an optimization of physician-patient relationship, to deepen the level of understanding of "patient's needs and values" and finally to meet their expectations.

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Story, Lachel, Agnes Hinton, and Sharon B. Wyatt. "The role of community health advisors in community-based participatory research." Nursing Ethics 17, no. 1 (2010): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733009350261.

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Mistrust and fear of research often exist in minority communities because of assumptions, preconceived ideas, and historical abuse and racism that continue to influence research participation. The research establishment is full of well-meaning ‘outsider’ investigators who recognize discrimination, health disparities, and insufficient health care providers in minority communities, but struggle in breaking through this history of mistrust. This article provides ethical insights from one such ‘insider-outsider’, community-based participatory research project implemented via community health advisors in the Mississippi Delta. Both community-based participatory research and community health advisors provide opportunities to address the ethical issues of trust, non-maleficence, and justice in minority communities. Implications for ethics-driven nursing research are discussed.

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Davies, Simeon. "Health care corporations: Moral obligations and research bioethics." Corporate Ownership and Control 8, no. 1 (2010): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv8i1c3p3.

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Many companies rely on research to ensure market relevance and to optimise their profit making potential. The paper examines the legal-moral dimensions that constitute corporations and considers how these relate with bioethics, notably the „four principles approach‟ autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. There appears to be an inherent tension between the profit making prerogatives of health care corporations and the ethical principles of medical research. A resolution to the moral tensions may be achieved by way of moral reasoning (Richardson, 2003). The paper forwards arguments based on Richardson‟s reconciliation of divergent moral principles via his pragmatist notion of practical intelligence that seeks to inform us that we must remain open to revising our conception of what is good and what is right.

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Reynolds, Josephine Mary Katharine, and Caroline Mitchell. "‘Inglan is a bitch’: hostile NHS charging regulations contravene the ethical principles of the medical profession." Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 8 (2019): 497–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105419.

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Following the recent condemnation of the National Health Service charging regulations by medical colleges and the UK Faculty of Public Health, we demonstrate that through enactment of this policy, the medical profession is betraying its core ethical principles. Through dissection of the policy using Beauchamp and Childress’ framework, a disrespect for autonomy becomes evident in the operationalisation of the charging regulations, just as a disregard for confidentiality was apparent in the data sharing Memorandum of Understanding. Negative consequences of the regulations are documented to highlight their importance for clinical decision makers under the principles of beneficence and non-maleficence. Exploration of the principle of justice illuminates the core differentiation between the border-bound duties of the State and borderless duties of the clinician, exposing a fundamental tension.

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Bloch, Sidney, and Stephen A. Green. "An ethical framework for psychiatry." British Journal of Psychiatry 188, no. 1 (2006): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.188.1.7.

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SummaryPsychiatry has not reached a consensus hitherto concerning an optimal theoretical framework for ethical decision-making and corresponding action. Various theories have been considered, but found wanting. Moreover, classic theories may contradict one another, contribute to confusion and immobilise the clinician. We have examined major theories commonly applied in bioethics, conferred with moral philosophers and psychiatrists and striven to apply more recent insights drawn from moral philosophy. We report that instead of pursuing a single theoretical framework, we should garner the strengths of compatible approaches in a synergistic way. We propose a particular complementarity of principlism – with its pragmatic focus on respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice – and care ethics, avariant of virtue theory, which highlights character traits pertinent to caring for vulnerable psychiatric patients.

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Rogers, Jamie, and Ursula A. Kelly. "Feminist intersectionality: Bringing social justice to health disparities research." Nursing Ethics 18, no. 3 (2011): 397–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733011398094.

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The principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice are well established ethical principles in health research. Of these principles, justice has received less attention by health researchers. The purpose of this article is to broaden the discussion of health research ethics, particularly the ethical principle of justice, to include societal considerations — who and what are studied and why? — and to critique current applications of ethical principles within this broader view. We will use a feminist intersectional approach in the context of health disparities research to firmly establish inseparable links between health research ethics, social action, and social justice. The aim is to provide an ethical approach to health disparities research that simultaneously describes and seeks to eliminate health disparities.

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Corvol, Aline, Grégoire Moutel, Dominique Gagnon, Mathilde Nugue, Olivier Saint-Jean, and Dominique Somme. "Ethical issues in the introduction of case management for elderly people." Nursing Ethics 20, no. 1 (2012): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733012452685.

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As case management is under development in France for elderly people, this study sets out to identify and analyse key situations responsible for ethical dilemmas for French case managers. We based our study on the analyses of individual interviews made with case managers and focus-group discussions, bringing together all case managers working in local organisations running for at least a year. We identified three situations giving rise to ethical dilemmas: in the order of importance, the refusals of care, the practicalities of collecting and sharing personal data and the allocation of resources. These three situations can lead to conflict between the principle of beneficence and those of respect for autonomy, non-maleficence and justice. We describe here how French case managers practically deal with these situations.

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Shea, Matthew. "Principlism’s Balancing Act: Why the Principles of Biomedical Ethics Need a Theory of the Good." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 45, no. 4-5 (2020): 441–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaa014.

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Abstract Principlism, the bioethical theory championed by Tom Beauchamp and James Childress, is centered on the four moral principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, respect for autonomy, and justice. Two key processes related to these principles are specification—adding specific content to general principles—and balancing—determining the relative weight of conflicting principles. I argue that both of these processes necessarily involve an appeal to human goods and evils, and therefore require a theory of the good. A significant problem with principlism is that it lacks a theory of the good and consequently does not have an adequate solution to the problems of specification and balancing. My conclusion is that principlism must adopt some account of human well-being in order to be a satisfactory bioethical framework.

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Widmer, Daniel. "Philosophical roots of Quaternary Prevention." Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade 10, no. 35 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc10(35)1128.

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This article explores two philosophical dimensions of quaternary prevention since it represents the family doctors’ response to overmedicalization. The first dimension refers to the theory of knowledge and the second to the theory of action. Despite their interconnectedness, they are addressed separately. Firstly, in the theories of knowledge (Epistemology) we argue that the positivism of Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM), so useful to select good practices, should be balanced against critical vision of the use of EBM coupled with a constructivist view through the narrative-based medicine. Secondly, in the theory of action (Ethics) we argue that the non-maleficence principle (primum non nocere) needs to be balanced by the beneficence principle. The latter is the primary medical obligation and doctors should cultivate this practical wisdom. Finally, some aspects of P4’s future challenges are discussed such as health inequalities, interprofessional collaboration, responsibility, managerialism, and the integrative medicine, where a philosophical position should be considered.

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Felix, Zirleide Carlos, Patrícia Serpa de Souza Batista, Solange Fátima Geraldo da Costa, Maria Emília Limeira Lopes, Regina Célia de Oliveira, and Fátima Maria da Silva Abrão. "Nursing care in terminality: compliance with principles of bioethics." Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem 35, no. 3 (2014): 97–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2014.03.46405.

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The aim of the study was to investigate the principles of bioethics reported by nurses when caring for terminally ill patients. Exploratory research with qualitative approach, developed with fifteen nurses from an intensive care unit of a university hospital, in northeastern Brazil. Data collection was conducted between March and July 2013, through a form. Data were analyzed using the technique of content analysis, emerging the following thematic category: respect to the principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice to take care of the terminally ill patients. The participating nurses valued these principles when caring for terminally ill patients, which reflect the ethical commitment of these professionals in the practice of nursing care. It is noteworthy that bioethical principles should guide the nursing care of human beings throughout their life cycle.

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Ebbs, Phillip, Hamish Carver, and Dominique Moritz. "Principlism in paramedicine: an examination of applied healthcare ethics." Journal of Paramedic Practice 12, no. 8 (2020): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2020.12.8.cpd1.

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Principlism is arguably the dominant recognised ethical framework used within medicine and other Western health professions today, including the UK paramedic profession. It concerns the application of four principles: autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice. This article examines the theory and practice of principlism, and shows how it is used in daily paramedic practice and decision-making. Practical guidance on applying ethics in paramedicine, illustrated with scenarios, is also provided. This is the first in a series of three articles on paramedic ethics. This series complements the Journal of Paramedic Practice's concurrent CPD˚series on paramedic law in the UK. Later articles in this series will examine the complex ethical issues that can accompany end-of-life care, and ethical considerations relating to treatment of vulnerable persons including children.

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Mohammed Ali, Albar, and Chamsi Pasha Hassan. "Futility of Medical treatment." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 2, no. 1 (2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v2i1.19.

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Medical and technological resources allow many patients affected by advanced diseases to receive more aggressive and expensive treatments than ever before. This wide range of available options can frequently lead to complex end-of-life decisions, such as when to start palliative care programs. Medical futility refers to interventions that are unlikely to produce any significant benefit for the patient. Medical futility is a daily problem, with significant ethical implications and concerns about the respect of the main ethics principles: beneficence, non-maleficence, patient’s autonomy, and justice. Proceeding with futile treatment is neither in the best interests of the patient nor of the healthcare system. This paper examines the definition of futility, applications of the concept of medical futility, the complexities of management when care is considered futile.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 02 No. 01 Jan’18. Page : 13-17

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Watine, Joseph. "Defining laboratory medicine, or squaring the circle?" Biochemia medica 31, no. 1 (2021): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11613/bm.2021.010402.

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In the August 2020 issue of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Giuseppe Lippi and Mario Plebani proposed a definition of laboratory medicine, which ends with this sentence: “The results of these measurements are translated into actionable information for improving the care and/or maintaining the wellness of both a single individual and an entire population”. Nevertheless, the selfishness of individuals may, sometimes, jeopardize the interest of whole populations. The virtue of justice being within the reach of the entire human community more than of single individuals, the final sentence in the definition proposed by Giuseppe Lippi and Mario Plebani, should therefore, in our view, be rewritten, less selfishly, for example like this: “For a given investment, these measurements are preferably made when they bring as much beneficence, and non-maleficence, as possible to the whole population”.

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