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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-Medical Prescribing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 January 2023

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1

Crawley, Helen. "Non-medical prescribing." InnovAiT: Education and inspiration for general practice 11, no. 2 (2018): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1755738017743270.

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Historically, doctors and dentists were the only ‘independent prescribers’ able to assess patients, make a diagnosis and prescribe medication. Doctors are able to prescribe any legally allowable medications, appliances, devices or chemical reagents. Dentists are limited to prescribing items in the ‘Dental Practitioners’ Formulary’, listed in the back of the British National Formulary. More recently, legislation has allowed allied health professionals to write prescriptions under certain circumstances, once they have completed appropriate training. Once obtained, qualifications in prescribing are registered with the practitioners’ professional body. Health professionals who do not have prescribing rights can only supply or administer prescription-only medicines under ‘patient specific directions’ or ‘patient group directions’. This article summarises the current mechanisms by which patients can legally receive any prescription-only medicines that they need. It also looks at how using these mechanisms can improve patient safety and patient access to clinical services.

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2

Bennett, J. D. C., and P. Haynes. "Non-Medical Prescribing." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 139, no. 2 (1993): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-139-02-12.

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3

Stuttle, Barbara. "Non-Medical Prescribing – Multidisciplinary PerspectivesNon-Medical Prescribing – Multidisciplinary Perspectives." Nursing Standard 22, no. 50 (2008): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2008.08.22.50.30.b798.

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4

Rovardi, David. "Further advances in non-medical prescribing: paramedic prescribing." Journal of Prescribing Practice 1, no. 1 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2019.1.1.10.

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Changes to the Human Medicines Regulations, allowing paramedics to independently prescribe, marks a pivotal step in the progression of the profession. Here, David Rovardi discusses the implications and challenges this will present

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5

Nissen, Lisa, and Greg Kyle. "Non-medical prescribing in Australia." Australian Prescriber 33, no. 6 (2010): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.18773/austprescr.2010.075.

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Robertson, Deborah. "Impact of non-medical prescribing." Journal of Prescribing Practice 4, no. 1 (2022): 12–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2022.4.1.12.

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Deborah Robertson provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to non-medical prescribers. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided

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7

Hale, Andrew R., Ian D. Coombes, Danielle A. Stowasser, and Lisa Nissen. "Evaluation of non-medical prescribing." Australian Health Review 35, no. 1 (2011): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09839.

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8

Vernon, S. A. "‘Non-medical’ prescribing in glaucoma." Eye 17, no. 1 (2003): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.eye.6700182.

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9

Courtenay, Molly. "Non-medical prescribing: the future." Primary Health Care 21, no. 2 (2011): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/phc2011.03.21.2.29.c8362.

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10

Peniston-Bird, Fiona. "Non-medical prescribing leads conference." Nurse Prescribing 16, no. 12 (2018): 586–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2018.16.12.586.

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11

McHugh, Áine, Mary Hughes, Agnes Higgins, et al. "Non-medical prescribers: prescribing within practice." Journal of Prescribing Practice 2, no. 2 (2020): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2020.2.2.68.

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Since its inception in Ireland in 2007, the Nurse Prescribing Programme has prepared registered nurses and midwives to prescribe from a limited formulary in their area of clinical speciality. However, registration numbers have declined in recent years, prompting changes to the registration processes. This article present the findings of a study conducted on the prescribing behaviours, practices and confidence of registered nurse/midwife prescribers following these changes, reporting the findings from the qualitative arm of a larger mixed-method study. Interviews with participants (n=6) explored their prescribing behaviours, practices and confidence. The findings suggest that organisational and professional factors influence prescribing. Scope of practice and expert decision-making is seen to influence engagement with treatment. Interprofessional cooperation continues to develop in making prescribing decisions. There is a clear need for interprofessional education to increase cooperation between health professionals in making prescribing decisions and including national competencies for all prescribers.

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Kwentoh, Mona-Lisa, and Joe Reilly. "Non-medical prescribing: the story so far." Psychiatric Bulletin 33, no. 1 (2009): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.107.019075.

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Non-medical prescribing is an element of the National Health Service modernisation agenda intended to change traditional professional roles and responsibilities, as part of New Ways of Working. This article describes concepts of non-medical prescribing and its implications for UK psychiatric practice. the perceived benefits of non-medical prescribing cannot be denied but debate continues about competence and clinical governance issues. Psychiatrists have an essential role to play in the success of non-medical prescribing. Further research and evaluation are needed to establish what works best in terms of clinical safety and training.

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13

McTaggart, Gillian, and Kim Moore. "Interprofessional learning within a non-medical prescribing module." Journal of Prescribing Practice 4, no. 7 (2022): 308–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2022.4.7.308.

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Multidisciplinary working/prescribing as part of a team is a key competence within the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (2021) prescribing competency framework. Interprofessional learning within an academic setting can improve multidisciplinary working within clinical practice. This article aims to demonstrate that Interprofessional learning can be successfully introduced into a non-medical prescribing module which has the potential to improve clinical practice. The authors outline the professional academic experiences of prescribers and make future recommendations. Discussion points included: interprofessional learning within an academic setting can improve multidisciplinary working within clinical practice, why multidisciplinary working is important to prescribing practice, how the benefit of Interprofessional within a non-medical prescribing module has not previously been explored, how Interprofessional can be introduced into a non-medical prescribing module and how benefits could be wide ranging. Interprofessional learning within a non-medical prescribing module is a useful approach with wide-ranging benefits, however, further research in this area is required.

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14

Christie, Gordon. "Independent non-medical prescribing for paramedics." Nursing Standard 29, no. 51 (2015): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.29.51.36.e9771.

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15

Barker, Wendy. "Ask the experts Non-medical prescribing." Nursing Older People 17, no. 10 (2006): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/nop2006.01.17.10.14.c2400.

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16

Robertson, Deborah. "Myth-busting in non-medical prescribing." Journal of Prescribing Practice 1, no. 6 (2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2019.1.6.265.

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17

McKay, Cheryl. "Supporting and developing non-medical prescribing." Nurse Prescribing 5, no. 6 (2007): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2007.5.6.24293.

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18

Hale, Andrew R., Danielle A. Stowasser, Ian D. Coombes, Julie Stokes, and Lisa Nissen. "An evaluation framework for non-medical prescribing research." Australian Health Review 36, no. 2 (2012): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10986.

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Without robust and credible evidence for the benefits in health outcomes of non-medical prescribing, widespread implementation will be challenging. Our aim is to develop a consistent evaluation framework that could be applied to non-medical prescribing research. An informal collaboration was initiated in 2008 by a group of pharmacists from Australia and New Zealand to assist in information sharing, pilot design, methodologies and evaluation for pharmacist prescribing. Different pilots used different models, methodologies and evaluation. It was agreed that the development of a consistent evaluation framework to be applied to future research on non-medical prescribing was required. The framework would help to align the outcomes of different research pilots and enable the comparison of endpoints to determine the effectiveness of a non-medical prescribing intervention. This article presents the results of a workshop held at The University of Queensland in January 2009. Participants were asked to consider how to evaluate the effectiveness of different models of pharmacist prescribing. What is known about the topic? Little is known about the effectiveness and safety of non-medical prescribing services due to a lack of robust evidence. What does this paper add? This paper adds a methodology for clinicians and healthcare managers to be able to evaluate any new service of non-medical prescribing, either in the pilot phase or once introduced as a new model of care. What are the implications for practitioners? The implication for practitioners is the ability to prove to healthcare providers that non-medical prescribing services are at least as effective as usual care, so informing whether a change should be introduced in the way healthcare is delivered to patients.

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19

Cain, Michelle. "Radiographer non-medical prescribing: independence and implications for practice." Journal of Prescribing Practice 1, no. 10 (2019): 506–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2019.1.10.506.

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Non-medical prescribing is not a new initiative in healthcare. The modernisation of the NHS, strained workforces in radiotherapy and clinical oncology and the recognition that the role of the radiographer extends across the entire patient pathway has motivated development of therapeutic radiographer roles. For advanced, expert and consultant radiographers, this includes non–medical, supplementary, and independent prescribing authority. Limitations in current prescribing legislation have the potential to negatively impact these services. However, the overall benefits of non-medical prescribing for the patient, professional and entire workforce are undeniable. Radiographer non-medical prescribing is pertinent to the maintenance and continued improvement of cancer services.

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20

Dixon, Matt. "Non-medical prescribing for paramedics in primary care." Journal of Paramedic Practice 13, no. 4 (2021): 140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2021.13.4.140.

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As paramedic roles continue to grow and diversity, the number of paramedics working in primary care is on the rise. Knowledge of non-medical prescribing specifically for paramedics in these settings is necessary, as are new frameworks for medicines management beyond the ambulance services and for general practice in particuar. This instalment in the Prescribing Paramedic series discusses prescribing in primary care settings including some of the more practical aspects of relevance to paramedics.

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21

Bewley, Toni. "Preparation for non medical prescribing: a review." Paediatric Nursing 19, no. 5 (2007): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/paed.19.5.23.s27.

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22

Mundt-Leach, Rosie. "Non-medical prescribing by specialist addictions nurses." Mental Health Practice 16, no. 3 (2012): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp2012.11.16.3.28.c9396.

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23

Walls, Elaine. "Embedding knowledge into non-medical prescribing education." British Journal of Nursing 28, no. 10 (2019): 634–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2019.28.10.634.

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This article focuses on the non-medical prescribing (NMP) module for community prescribers in a nurse education context. The module mainly attracts registered nurses (RNs) from community settings (such as health visiting, school nursing, district nursing and practice nursing), and is provided in higher education institutions (HEIs) as part of a specialist programme or a continuing workforce development module. The article discusses changes to the way the module was taught that can enhance student learning within the NMP module and facilitate wider success and confidence among community nurse prescribers. The move from Nursing and Midwifery Council standards for prescribing to a single competency framework from the Royal Pharmaceutical Society (RPS) has encouraged academics to revisit teaching strategies and consider an approach that offers wider student participation in learning. The use of technology-enhanced learning (TEL) in HEIs is part of national recommendations to improve the student experience and increase success.

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24

GUMBER, R., D. KHOOSAL, and N. GAJEBASIA. "Non-medical prescribing: audit, practice and views." Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 19, no. 6 (2011): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2011.01779.x.

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25

Austin, P. D., Z. B. Leach, S. D. Harding, and M. A. Stroud. "P181 NON-MEDICAL PRESCRIBING OF INTRAVENOUS NUTRITION." Clinical Nutrition Supplements 4, no. 2 (2009): 101–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1744-1161(09)70231-5.

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26

Draffan, J. "135 The role of non-medical prescribing." Lung Cancer 79 (January 2013): S45—S46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5002(13)70135-1.

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27

Turner, Steve, Wendy Broom, Allison O'Kelly, and Keith Richardson. "Non-medical prescribing action research: questionnaire study." Nurse Prescribing 8, no. 8 (2010): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2010.8.8.77738.

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28

Nuttall, Dilyse. "Self-assessing competence in non-medical prescribing." Nurse Prescribing 11, no. 10 (2013): 510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2013.11.10.510.

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29

Nuttall, Dilyse. "Evaluating the impact of non-medical prescribing." Nurse Prescribing 15, no. 6 (2017): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2017.15.6.272.

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30

Courtenay, Molly. "Editorial: Non-medical prescribing: where are we?" Journal of Nursing and Healthcare of Chronic Illness 2, no. 3 (2010): 175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-9824.2010.01059.x.

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31

Morgan, John P., and Charles Winick. "Non-Customary Prescribing, Dangerous Drugs and Medical Discipline." Journal of Drug Issues 18, no. 2 (1988): 259–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204268801800211.

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The number of disciplinary actions against physicians has increased recently. An important contributor to the call for administrative sanction has been the careless prescribing of controlled drugs. The literature characterizing prescribing behavior indicates that prescribers learn to employ medicinals by comparing their actions to their peers and teachers. They follow customary rules and cannot adequately assess the outcome of prescribing. We believe that non-customary prescribers are isolated socially, professionally and organizationally from other physicians and practice with a greater patient orientation than colleague orientation. Because they receive little or no negative outcome information from patients, they may not modify their actions to fit the newer cautionary customs of the profession stated by a distant leadership.

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32

Taylor, Ruth. "Non-medical prescribing in health care practiceEditors: Non-medical prescribing in Health Care PracticeDawnBrookes and AnneSmith FirstPalgrave 320 £18.9914039906461403990646." Primary Health Care 17, no. 6 (2007): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/phc.17.6.8.s13.

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33

Avery, Graham, Jennie Todd, Gill Green, and Katherine Sains. "The impact of non-medical prescribing on practice." Nurse Prescribing 5, no. 11 (2007): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2007.5.11.488.

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Non-medical prescribing has undergone radical changes in recent years, and there is clearly a need to evaluate its impact on practice. The study reported in this article focused on one county in the south-east of England. A two-part strategy was adopted: a questionnaire was distributed to all nurses who held the non-medical prescribing qualification; and interviews conducted with a variety of nurses, pharmacists, doctors and managers. An earlier paper ( Avery et al, 2007 ) focused on the extent to which effectiveness of non-medical prescribing was associated with the doctor–nurse relationship, but this article examines its impact for all the stakeholders involved. The findings suggested that, in a number of areas, patient throughput was increasing, nurses and doctors were re-assessing their roles, and that the qualification enhanced personal feelings of job satisfaction and autonomy. Moreover, although patients were not directly involved in the study, the overall perception was that they too were experiencing satisfaction with a system that enabled speedier access to treatment.

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34

Bedson, Adam. "Non-medical prescribing by paramedics in emergency, urgent and critical care." Journal of Paramedic Practice 13, no. 5 (2021): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jpar.2021.13.5.184.

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This article considers some of the unique considerations and challenges that are associated with non-medical prescribing in the context of paramedic emergency care. In contrast to primary care, advanced paramedics practicing in emergency settings are more likely to encounter patients who require an immediate supply or administration of medication and access to a range of controlled drugs. Furthermore, access to medical support for prescribing decision-making, restrictions on the prescribing of controlled drugs and potential challenges in obtaining access to patient records, may also impact non-medical prescribing in these settings. Currently, very little empirical evidence has been published on the topic of non-medical prescribing in paramedic practice. Further research is required to understand whether the anticipated benefits are being realised for patients and NHS services. This is particularly the case in the context of prehospital emergency, urgent and critical care settings.

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35

Kaufman, Gerri. "Non-medical prescribing using the British National Formulary." Nursing Standard 22, no. 20 (2008): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2008.01.22.20.51.c6318.

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36

Turner, Steve. "Non-medical prescribing in community mental health settings." Mental Health Practice 11, no. 4 (2007): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp2007.12.11.4.29.c6335.

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37

Mather, Linda, and Gillian Maw. "Supporting decisions: non-medical prescribing and aesthetic practice." Journal of Aesthetic Nursing 6, no. 2 (2017): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/joan.2017.6.2.82.

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38

Lotto, Robyn. "Nurses drive the evolution of non-medical prescribing." British Journal of Cardiac Nursing 13, no. 6 (2018): 266–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjca.2018.13.6.266.

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39

Ecker, Sarah, Rohina Joshi, Janani Shanthosh, Chenjuan Ma, and Ruth Webster. "Non-Medical prescribing policies: A global scoping review." Health Policy 124, no. 7 (2020): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2020.04.015.

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40

Avery, Graham, Jennie Todd, Gill Green, and Katherine Sains. "Non-medical prescribing: the doctor-nurse relationship revisited." Nurse Prescribing 5, no. 3 (2007): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2007.5.3.23602.

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41

Crew, Suzanne. "Non-medical prescribing in secondary care: an audit." Nurse Prescribing 8, no. 10 (2010): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2010.8.10.78880.

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42

Lovatt, Penny. "Legal and ethical implications of non-medical prescribing." Nurse Prescribing 8, no. 7 (2010): 340–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2010.8.7.48941.

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Bishop, Philippa, and Victoria Gilroy. "Non-medical prescribing by health visitors in 2015." Nurse Prescribing 13, no. 8 (2015): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/npre.2015.13.8.390.

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Peniston-Bird, Fiona. "10. Life after the non-medical prescribing course." Practice Nursing 22, no. 9 (2011): 486. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/pnur.2011.22.9.486.

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45

Taylor, Ruth. "Non-medical prescribing in health care practice Dawn Brookes and AnneSmith Non-medical Prescribing in Health Care Practice1stPalgravePages: 320£18.9914039906461403990646." Primary Health Care 17, no. 9 (2007): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/phc.17.9.8.s13.

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46

Robertson, Deborah. "Electronic prescribing." Journal of Prescribing Practice 3, no. 12 (2021): 478–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2021.3.12.478.

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Deborah Robertson provides an overview of recently published articles that may be of interest to non-medical prescribers. Should you wish to look at any of the papers in more detail, a full reference is provided

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47

Bishop, Philippa, and Victoria Gilroy. "Maintaining and developing prescribing practice: Non-medical prescribing by health visitors in 2015." Journal of Health Visiting 3, no. 6 (2015): 328–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/johv.2015.3.6.328.

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48

Brett, Elizabeth Ann, and Marion Palmer. "The influence of non-medical prescribers on antimicrobial stewardship: a national evaluation of the prescribing of antibiotics by non-medical prescribers in England from 2016 to 2021 (part 1)." Journal of Prescribing Practice 4, no. 10 (2022): 452–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2022.4.10.452.

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Background Non-medical prescriber numbers have increased rapidly over the last 10 years, with increasingly diverse roles and backgrounds. Previous evaluations of their antibiotic prescribing demonstrated it was generally of a high quality and guideline-driven, but recent evidence is lacking and the data are not easily accessible. Aims To describe changes in the non-medical prescriber population and patterns in dispensed antibiotic volumes between 2016–2021, highlighting evidence of good antimicrobial stewardship and where further interventions may be required. Methods An analysis of retrospective non-medical prescriber prescribing data was performed, to determine the numbers of independent non-medical prescribers and the patterns of prescribed community-dispensed antibiotics in England between 2016–2021. Findings Between 2016–2021, it was found that independent non-medical prescriber numbers in England rose by 54%. Whilst they remain predominantly nurses (76%), the numbers of pharmacists and allied health professionals have increased. Non-medical prescribers were responsible for 10.6% of all dispensed antibiotic items prescribed in primary care in England. However, the proportion of dispensed antibiotic items prescribed by these non-medical prescribers reduced by over 50%. Prescribing in 2020 differed from previous years, with increased high-risk antibiotic prescribing. Conclusion The quality of prescribing generally appears good and in accordance with national guidelines and principles of good antimicrobial stewardship. The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic prompted changes in antibiotic prescribing behaviour.

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Brett, Elizabeth Ann, and Marion Palmer. "The influence of non-medical prescribers on antimicrobial stewardship: a national evaluation of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prescribing of antibiotics by non-medical prescribers in England in 2020 (part 2)." Journal of Prescribing Practice 4, no. 11 (2022): 490–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jprp.2022.4.11.490.

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Background Part one of this study identified that prescribing behaviours during 2020 differed significantly from 2016-2021. Part 2, presented here, covers a more detailed analysis of the impact of the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic is presented here. Aims To describe patterns in community prescribed and dispensed antibiotic volumes attributable to non-medical prescribers during 2020 compared to the previous 4 years and identify any changes of behaviour during this period and their impact on antimicrobial stewardship. Methods An analysis of retrospective non-medical prescribers' prescribing data was performed to determine the numbers of independent non-medical prescribers and the patterns of prescribed community dispensed antibiotic volumes between 2016-2021. The 2020 data were then compared to the data from previous years. Findings The total amount of dispensed non-medical prescribers antibiotic prescription items per 100000 population dropped by 12% in 2020 compared to 2019, driven predominantly by reductions in nurse prescribing. However, high-risk antibiotic prescribing rose from 5.3% of antibiotics prescribed in 2019 to 6.4% in 2020. Seasonal patterns of antibiotic prescribing differed in 2020, with significant reductions in prescribing of antibiotics normally associated with treating LRTI from the first lockdown in March 2020. Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic forced rapid changes in practice, including increased remote working, which created a challenging prescribing environment that adversely affected the high-risk antibiotic prescribing behaviour of non-medical prescribers more than it affected their medical colleagues. There were unusually low levels of prescribing for respiratory tract infections over the last quarter of 2020 which, although likely multifactorial, may indicate over-prescribing for self-limiting viral infections in previous years. More research is needed to establish ongoing prescribing trends and patient outcomes, and how antimicrobial stewardship programmes and training can be better targeted to support prescribers to address quality and safety issues arising from changing modes of practice.

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50

Courtenay, Molly, Rhian Deslandes, Gail Harries-Huntley, Karen Hodson, and Gary Morris. "Classic e-Delphi survey to provide national consensus and establish priorities with regards to the factors that promote the implementation and continued development of non-medical prescribing within health services in Wales." BMJ Open 8, no. 9 (2018): e024161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024161.

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ObjectiveTo provide national consensus and establish priorities with regards to the factors that promote the implementation and continued development of non-medical prescribing within health services.DesignClassic e-Delphi survey.SettingNational study in Wales.ParticipantsPharmacists, nurses and allied health professionals with the independent/supplementary prescribing qualification.ResultsA total of 55 non-medical prescribers agreed to become members of the expert panel of whom 42 (76%) completed the round 1 questionnaire, 40/42 (95%) completed round 2 and 34/40 (85%) responded to round 3. Twenty-one statements were developed, and consensus was achieved on nine factors representing those necessary for the successful implementation of non-medical prescribing and five representing actions required for its continued development. Strategic fit between non-medical prescribing and existing service provision, organisation preparedness, visible benefits, good managerial and team support, and a clear differentiation of roles were each important influences.ConclusionGiven the high degree of consensus, this list of factors and actions should provide guidance to managers and commissioners of services wishing to initiate or extend non-medical prescribing. This information should be considered internationally by other countries outside of the UK wishing to implement prescribing by non-medical healthcare professionals.

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