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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-metric skeletal and dental traits'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Khudaverdyan, Anahit Yu. "Non-Metric Dental Traits in Human Skeletal Remains from Transcaucasian Populations: Phylogenetic and Diachronic Evidence." Anthropological Review 77, no. 2 (July 15, 2014): 151–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2014-0013.

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Abstract The aim of the study is the assessment of biological distance between populations from Transcaucasia on the basis of the frequency of dental morphological traits. It is well known that these traits are characterised by a high inter-population differentiation, low sexual dimorphism, and their recording is loaded by relatively small intra and inter observer error. The dental morphological traits are successfully used in the description and explanation of the microevolutionary and ethnogenetic processes. This paper presents the results of the odontological differentiation of human populations from Transcaucasia. The comparative analysis was carried out on the basis of 12 groups. From the obtained results, we can draw the following conclusions: The populations of Armenian Highland and Georgia can be differentiated as far as the frequency of dental morphological traits are concerned. They also do not exhibit similar intragroup variability. Biocultural diversity of ancient Transcaucasian populations has not been studied extensively; therefore, delineating some of the patterns of phenotypic variation may be useful for understanding their ongoing evolution.

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2

Вагнер-Сапухина, Е. А. "Характеристика народов Поволжья по данным дискретно-варьирующих признаков посткраниального скелета." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology), no. 1 (53) (March 15, 2021): 219–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2021-53-1/219-237.

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Статья посвящена изучению изменчивости дискретно-варьирующих признаков в поволжских популяциях. В качестве теоретической основы были взяты гипотезы о происхождении народов Волго-Уральского региона, сформулированные в результате анализа данных о морфологии зубной системы. Материалом для данной работы послужили 11 остеологических серий близких к современности групп – 7 по народам Поволжья и 4 сравнительных, общей численностью 626 индивидов. Методика исследования включала в себя фиксацию 64 признаков на посткраниальном скелете, 16 из которых были использованы при статистической обработке материала. Эмпирический анализ данных показал значительную вариабельность большинства признаков. При описании их изменчивости удалось обнаружить некоторые тенденции: например, башкирская и бурятская серии часто оказывались в пределах крайних значений частот ряда признаков. Группа мордвы-мокши также обладала особой специфичностью. Две группы удмуртов, как и чувашей, оказались достаточно близки между собой, а русские Старой Ладоги не отличались от поволжских групп. Многомерные статистические анализы позволили уточнить эмпирически сформулированные гипотезы. Полученные результаты по распределению дискретно-варьирующих признаков длинных костей скелета хорошо согласуются с одонтологическими данными. Буряты обладают специфическим комплексом признаков, который крайне далек от комплекса, характерного для поволжских групп. Башкиры оказались отделенными от поволжских популяций не только по одонтологическим данным, но и по частотам неметрических признаков посткраниального скелета. Близость саамов к поволжским сериям также согласуется с данными по морфологии зубной системы. The study of the variability of non-metric traits in Volga region populations is based on the hypotheses about the origin of the peoples of the Volga-Ural region, formulated through the analysis of data on the dental system morphology. The material for this work consists of 11 osteological groups close to modernity – 7 for the Volga region peoples and 4 comparative groups, with a total number of 626 individuals. The research method included recording 64 traits on the postcranial skeleton, 16 of which were used in the statistical analysis. Empirical analysis of the data revealed significant variability of most traits. Some trends could be detected: for example, the Bashkir and Buryat samples often demonstrated extreme values of frequencies of a number of traits. The Mordva-Moksha group was also specific. The Udmurtian samples, as well as the Chuvash groups, were quite close to each other, and the Old Ladoga Russians did not differ from the Volga groups. Multidimensional statistical analyses allowed to refine empirically selected hypotheses. The distribution of non-metric traits of long bones is in good agreement with odontological data. Buryats have a specific complex, which is very far from the one characteristic for the Volga groups. Bashkirs turned out to be an outlying group not only according to odontological data, but also according to the frequency of non-metric traits of the postcranial skeleton. The proximity of the Saam to the Volga samples is also consistent with the data on dental morphology.

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3

Piontek, J. "Natural selection and non-metric traits in skeletal populations." Human Evolution 3, no. 5 (October 1988): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02447213.

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4

Hoover, Kara C., Emily Gelipter, Volker Sommer, and Kris Kovarovic. "Developmental instability in wild Nigerian olive baboons (Papio anubis)." PeerJ 9 (July 30, 2021): e11832. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11832.

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Background Developmental instability in archaeological samples can be detected through analysis of skeletal and dental remains. During life, disruptions to biological internal homeostasis that occur during growth and development redirect bodily resources to returning to homeostasis and away from normal processes such as symmetrical development. Because dental enamel does not remodel in life, any deviations from normal development are left behind. Even subtle disturbances to developmental trajectory may be detected in asymmetrical development of traits, specifically a random variation in sides termed fluctuating asymmetry. Human dental fluctuating asymmetry studies are common, but here we investigate the permanent dentition of a non-human primate Papio anubis, for potential fluctuating asymmetry relative to sex, weaning, and reproductive maturity. The sample stems from an outlier population that lives in the wettest and most humid habitat of any studied baboon group. Methods The skulls of adult baboons were collected after their natural death in Gashaka Gumti National Park, Nigeria. The permanent dentition of antimeric teeth (paired) were measured for maximum length and breadth using standard methods. The metrics were analyzed to assess the presence of fluctuating asymmetry in adult permanent mandibular and maxillary dentition. Measurement error and other forms of asymmetry (antisymmetry, directional asymmetry) were considered and dental measures expressing true fluctuating asymmetry were used to address three research questions. Results Males exhibit greater fluctuating asymmetry than females, suggesting that males experience greater overall instability during the developmental period. While weaning is not more stressful than other life history stages for males and females (using the first molar fluctuating asymmetry index as a proxy compared to other teeth), it is more stressful for females than males. The onset of reproduction is also not more stressful than other life history stages for males and females (using the third molar fluctuating asymmetry index as a proxy compared to other teeth), but it is more stressful for males than females. We explore possible explanations for these findings in the discussion.

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5

Kim, Hee Jin, Kyung Seok Hu, Min Kyu Kang, and Ki Seok Koh. "Non-metric Dental Traits in Koreans and Its Racial Differences." Korean Journal of Physical Anthropology 13, no. 2 (2000): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.11637/kjpa.2000.13.2.173.

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6

Carter, Katherine, Steven Worthington, and Tanya M. Smith. "News and views: Non-metric dental traits and hominin phylogeny." Journal of Human Evolution 69 (April 2014): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.01.003.

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7

Kufterin, Vladimir V. "Cranial non-metric traits in Gonur-Depe skeletal population: new data." Moscow University Anthropology Bulletin (Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seria XXIII. Antropologia), no. 2 (July 23, 2019): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32521/2074-8132.2019.2.061-071.

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8

Hardin, Anna M., and Scott S. Legge. "2011 Dahlberg Award Winner Evaluation of the utility of deciduous molar morphological variation in great ape phylogenetic analysis." Dental Anthropology Journal 26, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2018): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v26i1-2.43.

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Non-metric dental traits are well-established tools for anthropologists investigating population affiliation and movement in humans. Nonetheless, similar traits in the great apes have received considerably less attention. The present study provides data on non-metric trait variability in the deciduous molars of great apes from museum context. Twenty-eight traits are observed in the upper and lower deciduous molars in specimens of Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus, Gorilla gorilla, and Gorilla beringei. These groups are compared based on trait frequencies and mean measures of divergence. This study demonstrates the variability of non-metric traits in the deciduous molars of chimpanzees and gorillas. These traits could potentially be used in the same way that non-metric traits are in humans, namely group affiliation and population movements through time. Further, this study establishes scoring guidelines and methodology relevant to deciduous dental morphological characteristics found in the great apes, but not necessarily in humans.

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9

Ichikawa, Hiroaki, and Masanobu Matsuno. "Dental Anthropological Study of the Non-metric Traits of the Palauans." International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences 6, no. 3 (2008): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.6.112.

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10

Khudaverdyan, Anahit Yu. "Non-metric dental analysis of a Bronze Age population from the Armenian Plateau." Anthropological Review 76, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 63–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2013-0013.

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Abstract The aim of this study is to assess the biological distance between populations from the Armenian highland, Georgia, Eastern Europe, Central Asia and Siberia on the basis of the frequency of non-metric dental traits. It is well known that these traits are characterized by high inter-population differentiation, low sexual dimorphism, and their recording is affected by relatively small intra and inter-observer error. These traits are successfully used in the description and explanation of ethno-genetic processes. Comparative analysis was performed on 30 populations, and the frequency of non-metric dental traits in all populations was determined by principal component analysis. Based on our bio-distance results, we suggest there was a degree of genetic proximity among inland populations of the Armenian Plateau and Transcaucasian area at the beginning of the Bronze Age. The Armenian Plateau and Georgian samples and all those from Kalmykia (Pit Grave culture), the Ukraine (Tripolye culture), the Urals (Sintashtinskaya, Timber Grave cultures), the Volga region (Pit Grave, Balanovo, Fatianovo, Potapovsky cultures) and Central Asia (Gonur- Depe) exhibited close affinities. This conclusion is consistent with that reported by other bio-distance studies examining non-metric cranial traits and Armenian Plateau samples.

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11

Makiguchi, Hitoshi, and Masanobu Matsuno. "Dental Anthropological Study of Non-metric Traits in Dai Nationality of Chinese Minorities." International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences 3, no. 3 (2005): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.3.133.

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12

Kawasaki, Taiichiro, and Masanobu Matsuno. "Anthropological Study of Dental Non-metric Traits in the Pumi Minority in China." International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences 6, no. 2 (2007): 67–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.6.67.

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13

Kobayashi, Kenji, and Masanobu Matsuno. "Dental Anthropological Study of Non-metric Traits in the Hani Nationality of Chinese Minorities." International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences 4, no. 2 (2005): 61–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.4.61.

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14

Yamazaki, Toshitaka, and Masanobu Matsuno. "Dental Anthropological Study of Non-metric Traits in the Naxi Nationality of Chinese Minorities." International Journal of Oral-Medical Sciences 5, no. 1 (2006): 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5466/ijoms.5.12.

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15

Zhu, Hong, Xu Zhang, Wenying Li, and Abuduresule Yidilisi. "Bioarchaeological analysis of Bronze Age populations in the Xiaohe cemetery using dental non-metric traits." Asian Archaeology 1, no. 1-2 (September 2018): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41826-018-0009-0.

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Żądzińska, Elżbieta, Beata Lubowiedzka, and Magdalena Wochna-Sobańska. "Morphology of dentition in Polish children with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)." Anthropological Review 73, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10044-010-0001-4.

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Morphology of dentition in Polish children with trisomy 21 (Down syndrome)This paper compares the dimensions and non-metric dental traits between Down syndrome patients (DS) and a control group. A total of 1,210 teeth of subjects with Down syndrome (diagnosed as regular trisomy 21 type) were analyzed. The mesiodistal (MD) and labiolingual or buccolingual (BL) diameters of each dental crown were measured, and the selected non-metric dental traits evaluated. The teeth of male and female DS patients were found to have lower values of both measurements compared to controls (excepting for the mesiodistal diameter of the lower mandibular premolar both in males and females). Sexual dimorphism of dental crown dimensions characteristic of contemporary human populations (the highest M-F difference was lower than 6%) was also observed: boys' teeth, particularly canines, are bigger than girls' (2.33 on average). Disorders in maxillary tooth alignment and the faint shoveling of upper central incisors (grade 1 according to ASU scale) were noted significantly more often among Down syndrome patients, but descriptive features correlating with dental crown size were observed more rarely (e.g., the distal accessory ridge on the upper canine and tuberculum Carabelli on the first molar).

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17

Aguirre, Luisa, Diana Castillo, Diana Solarte, and Freddy Moreno. "Frequency and Variability of Five Non-Metric Dental Crown Traits in the Primary and Permanent Dentitions of a Racially Mixed Population from Cali, Colombia." Dental Anthropology Journal 19, no. 2 (September 3, 2018): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v19i2.119.

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The purpose of this study was to determinethe prevalence and variability of five non-metric dentalcrown traits (Carabelli cusp, protostylid, groove pattern,and cusps 6 and 7) in the deciduous (Um2 and Lm2)and permanent (UM1 and LM1) teeth in children inthe mixed-dentition, and to compare these frequencieswith the literature. A descriptive study was conductedto characterize the dental morphology of young subjectsin mixed dentition stages. The Arizona State UniversityDental Anthropology System (ASUDAS) and Grine,Sciulli, and Hanihara methods were used as referenceto compare the prevalence of dental traits in dentalcasts from 100 subjects from a Colombian racially mixedpopulation. The high prevalence of furrows and pits ofthe Carabelli cusp, minor expressions of the protostylid(foramen cecum), and the low frequencies of cusps 5 and6, plus the behavior of the expression of groove patterncollectively suggest that this group reflects influences byboth the Mongoloid and Caucasoid dental complexes.Correspondence of trait expression in both the primaryand permanent dentition was also demonstrated (P< 0.05). Some of the non-metric trait frequencies alsoexhibited sexual dimorphism.

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18

Khudaverdyan, A. Yu. "Illuminating the processes of microevolution: A bioarchaeological analysis of dental non-metric traits from Armenian Highland." HOMO 69, no. 6 (November 2018): 304–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchb.2018.10.002.

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19

Tomaszewska, Agnieszka, and Barbara Kwiatkowska. "Non-metric traits, physiological stress indicators and paleopathological lesion on human skeletal remains from an early modern cemetery in Wyszyński Street, Wrocław, Poland (15th–18th centuries AD)." Anthropological Review 82, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2019-0014.

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Abstract The anthropological analysis and assessment of the living conditions of historical populations should be comprehensive. Due to the scarcity of the well-preserved skeletal remains of a population buried at the cemetery in Wyszyński Street, Wrocław, each piece of information is particularly important in providing the complementary information about living and health conditions of late medieval and early modern inhabitants of Wrocław. This study aims to assess the living conditions of the late medieval and early modern Wrocław inhabitants. This aim was reached by analyzing the frequency of non-metrical cranial and postcranial traits, physiological stress indicators, and pathological lesions. The importance of these traits for population studies is also discussed. For 98 skeletons (22.4% male and 37.8% female) from a cemetery located in Wyszyński Street, (15th –18th centuries AD), the frequencies (p) of the following traits were analyzed: 38 non-metric cranial and 9 post-cranial traits, the morphological indicators of physiological stress (i.e. cribra orbitalia and enamel hypoplasia), caries and pathological lesions on bones. Among the non-metric cranial traits, only nine (23.7%) were not observed. The most frequent (from p= 0.30 to p=0.65) were foramen parietale, incisura frontalis accesoria seu foramen frontale accesorius, foramen supraorbitale, M3 mandibulare, ossicula suturae lambdoideae, and foramen mastoideum extrasuturale. Only three non-metric post-cranial traits were observed, but with low frequency (p=0.01 and 0.02). Cribra orbitalia was present in 37.0% of the skeletons while enamel hypoplasia was present in only 2.6%. Susceptibility to caries occurred in 68% of the cases while carries lesions occurred in 31.2%. Among pathological changes, the most frequent were degenerative changes (21.6%) and injuries (19.6%). Owing to the poorly preserved remains, the complete assessment of the living conditions of the population was difficult. The number of the observed traits would have probably increased, had the number of complete and well-preserved skeletons been higher. The results of the study suggest that the living conditions of the studied population were poor. It is hypothesized that the cemetery was a burial place for prisoners and victims of various epidemics that affected the city. But since the historical sources of this cemetery are scarce, it is hard to unequivocally state its purpose with certainty.

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20

Schrader, S., M. Buzon, and J. Irish. "Illuminating the Nubian ‘Dark Age’: A bioarchaeological analysis of dental non-metric traits during the Napatan Period." HOMO 65, no. 4 (August 2014): 267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchb.2014.05.001.

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21

Hassett, Brenna. "Torus Mandibularis: Etiology and Bioarcheological Utility." Dental Anthropology Journal 19, no. 1 (September 3, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v19i1.114.

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Torus mandibularis is a non-metric traitcommonly recorded in bioarcheological investigationand often included in the battery of non-metric traitsused to analyse biological distance among populations.However, there is considerable debate regarding theetiology of the trait, with genetic and environmentalfactors both having been posited as the primary factorin torus development. This study of 498 individuals,drawn from eight archeological samples, investigatesthe variation in torus frequency in different groups asdefined by sample, age, sex, and measures of functionalstress. Frequencies varied significantly among bothsamples and dental attrition categories, supportingthe idea that mandibular tori are a threshold trait,influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.Results of this study suggest the utility of mandibulartori in bioarchaeology may lie outside of biodistanceanalyses that rely on the high heritability quotient ofnon-metric traits to establish population distances.

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Alsoleihat, Firas, and Ameen Khraisat. "The Phenetic Distances of Jordanian Arabs from Other Human Populations Suggest a Major Genetic Drift from the Caucasoid Race." Dental Anthropology Journal 24, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v24i1.59.

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The objectives were to determine the expression frequency and sexual dimorphism of 16 non-metric crown traits on the permanent dentitions of the living Jordanians, and to assess the biological affinity of this sample to 21 high-order groups based on these traits. 360 Jordanian school children (176 males, 184 females; mean ages 15.5, sd = 0.4 years) were studied in 2009. The traits were classified using the Arizona State University dental anthropology system, counted with the individual count method, and dichotomized according to Scott and Turner criteria for the purpose of group comparisons. Z-value test was used to assess sexual dimorphism in these traits. Smith’s Mean Measure of Divergence was used to measure all pairwise distance values among the groups. Sexual dimorphism was found in only three traits (i.e., Carabelli’s tubercle/cusp, metaconule and hypoconulid absence). This study revealed that the dental pattern of living Jordanians is sufficiently distinct from the Caucasoid pattern and all other known dental patterns to warrant a unique dental pattern for this population. Moreover, the relatively large distance values between the living Jordanians and all other world groups considered including the Western Eurasian groups suggest a major genetic drift for this population from the Caucasoid race.

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Komar, D. "Identifying Racial Affinities in Skeletal Remains: Utilizing Infracranial Non-Metric Traits and the Rubison Procedure to Determine Racial Identity." Canadian Society of Forensic Science Journal 29, no. 3 (January 1996): 155–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00085030.1996.10757059.

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24

Perttula, Timothy K. "Caddo Populations in Northeast Texas: A Response to Taylor and Creel." American Antiquity 78, no. 1 (January 2013): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7183/0002-7316.78.1.195.

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AbstractI question Taylor and Creel’s (2012) conclusion regarding the biological relationship between Late Prehistoric Caddo farmers and the earlier Archaic and Woodland forager populations in northeast Texas. Because their study did not include the analysis of non-metric dental traits from Late Archaic (ca. 5000-2500 B.P.) and Woodland (ca. 2500-1150 B.P) forager populations that lived in northeast Texas before ca. A.D. 850, the absence of these data impedes any evaluation of their conclusion about the biological relationships between the Caddo and ancestral populations.

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Zubova, Alisa, Viacheslav Moiseyev, Aleksandr Kulkov, and Anatolii Obodovskiy. "Reassessment of the cranial and dental data from the Upper Paleolithic site of Kostenki 15." Camera Praehistorica 5, no. 2 (December 24, 2020): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31250/2658-3828-2020-2-147-155.

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In the article we present new results of the study of the child skull found in a burial at the Upper Paleolithic site of Kostenki 15 (Gorodtsov site). While the CT analysis of the earlier reconstructed skull revealed high level of destruction of the morphologically important landmarks which prevents from using the conventional cranial metric characteristics of the individual in population studies, the analysis of its dental morphology was shown to be much more informative. Our study revealed that the upper incisors and lower molars of the sample display a specific complex of non-metric traits which combine European (4-cusped first molars) traits with such Asian characteristics as shovel-shaped upper lateral incisors, odontoglyphic patterns on the first lower molars, and morphology of the second lower deciduous molars. The results of the statistical analysis of the dental metrics does not match with the hypothesis on close biological affinities of the Kostenki 15 child with Předmostí and Dolní Věstonice populations put forward by Yakimov but again revealed intermediate European-Asian position of the Kostenki 15 sample. Several European samples including those from the Pavlov, Cap Blanc and Grotte de la Balauzière sites and one Siberian sample from the Malta settlement demonstrate the highest level of similarity with the Kostenki 15. Apparently, it can be argued that the results of our study suggest long distance migrations in Eurasia as early as the Upper Paleolithic.

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Mackinejad, Seyyed Alireza, Negin Nasoohi Moghaddam, Nahid Mohamadi, Parisa Ghorbanian, and Mehrnoosh Navazani. "Comparing The Power of the Intraoral Camera to the Digital Extraoral Camera in Diagnosis of Non metric Dental Morphologic Traits." journal of research in dental sciences 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29252/jrds.16.4.281.

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Sołtysiak, Arkadiusz, and Marta Bialon. "Population history of the middle Euphrates valley: Dental non-metric traits at Tell Ashara, Tell Masaikh and Jebel Mashtale, Syria." HOMO 64, no. 5 (October 2013): 341–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jchb.2013.04.005.

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Waters-Rist, Andrea L., Vladimir I. Bazaliiskii, Olga I. Goriunova, Andrzej W. Weber, and M. Anne Katzenberg. "Evaluating the biological discontinuity hypothesis of Cis-Baikal Early versus Late Neolithic-Early Bronze Age populations using dental non-metric traits." Quaternary International 405 (June 2016): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2015.09.060.

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Venkatesh, Deepak, V. Sanchitha, T. Smitha, Geeta Sharma, Shivaprasad Gaonkar, and KN Hema. "Frequency and variability of five non metric dental crown traits in the permanent maxillary dentitions of a racially mixed population from Bengaluru, Karnataka." Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology 23, no. 3 (2019): 458. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_144_18.

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30

Kufterin, Vladimir V., and Marina K. Karapetian. "PALEOPATHOLOGY AND “QUALITY OF LIFE” OF NON-ADULTS FROM THE SRUBNAYA CULTURE CEMETERIES OF SOUTHERN URAL." Ural Historical Journal 70, no. 1 (2021): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2021-1(70)-150-159.

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This article presents results of paleopathological study of non-adult skeletons from three Srubnaya culture cemeteries (Karanaevskiy, Nikolaevskiy and Chumarovo-1) located in the southwest of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The analyzed sample includes skeletal remains of 41 individuals from burials dated to the 1600–1400 BC. In this study solely skeletal pathologies are discussed without dental pathologies. The following groups of pathologies were recorded: abnormal cortical porosities and subperiosteal new bone formation, endocranial lesions, traces of chronic sinusitis, mastoiditis and otitis media, as well as markers of “physical stress” (including skeletal traumas). This work attempts to assess the “quality of life” of the non-adult Srubnaya culture population of the Southern Ural. The sample is characterized by an underrepresentation of infants and young children and increased proportion of adolescents, indicating that the burial grounds were formed according to some socially selective principles. The studied group is characterized by the absence of macroscopical manifestations of specific infections and reliably diagnosable cases of scurvy or rickets. High frequencies of anemia markers (cribra orbitalia) and chronic maxillary sinusitis are likely indicative not of a maladaptation, but, on the contrary, of the good enough adaptation of the non-adults of the Srubnaya culture population to the environmental factors. Well expressed “physical stress” markers (cortical defects, osteochondritis dissecans and Schmorl’s nodes), observed for the studied osteological sample, suggest that children as young as 6–7 years old were likely involved in household activities.

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Irish, Joel D., Debbie Guatelli-Steinberg, Scott S. Legge, Darryl J. de Ruiter, and Lee R. Berger. "News and views: Response to ‘Non-metric dental traits and hominin phylogeny’ by Carter et al., with additional information on the Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System and phylogenetic ‘place’ of Australopithecus sediba." Journal of Human Evolution 69 (April 2014): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2014.01.004.

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Харламова, Наталья Владимировна, Стефания Дзини, Наталия Ивановна Халдеева, and Никита Викторович Хохлов. "Одонтологические особенности итальянцев и итальянско-русских метисов." Вестник антропологии (Herald of Anthropology), no. 1 (53) (March 15, 2021): 183–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/2311-0546/2021-53-1/183-201.

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Статья посвящена публикации одонтологических данных, дающих представление о физическом облике потомков итальянцев, переселившихся в Крым в XIX веке. Данные получены в ходе полевых выездов С. Дзини и Н.В. Хохлова в 2016–2019 годах в г. Керчь. Описание собранных зубных слепков проводилось по принятой в отечественной физической антропологии программе А.А. Зубова. Установлено, что одонтологические особенности итальянских мигрантов могут быть соотнесены с характеристиками западного одонтологического ствола с усилением отдельных «восточных» признаков: коленчатой складки метаконида, признаков одонтоглифики: 2 med III, 2 pa/pr 3, 1prd/1med 3. Особенности материала, его сбора и практическое отсутствие необходимых сравнительных данных не позволяют сделать конкретных выводов об истоках миграций. В то же время детально представленные особенности зубной морфологии «итальянцев Крыма» закладывают основу для дальнейшего изучения потомков переселенцев из Италии в Россию и для обсуждения вопросов биологической интеграции и ассимиляции по данным физической антропологии. The article is devoted to the dental morphology of the so-called “Italians of Crimea”. They represent a group of descendants of Italian migrants, who moved to the Black Sea and Sea of Azov regions, to the Crimean peninsula in particular, in the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. The data were collected in the city of Kerch, during field works conducted by S. Zini and N.V. Khokhlov in 2016–2019. The dental wax casts were described according to the A.A. Zubov system. The expression of dental non-metric traits falls into the variation of the Caucasoid (Western) dental complex with some traits that are more frequent among Mongoloid populations: deflecting wrinkle, odontogliphic patterns – 2 med III, 2 pa/pr 3, 1prd/1med 3. The specificity of the collected material and the actual absence of comparative data do not allow us to draw any particular conclusions about the exact origins of the migration flows and ancestors of the modern Italians of Crimea. At the same time, the detailed data on the dental morphology of the Italians of Crimea facilitate further studies of the descendants of the Italians who migrated to Russia, provide material to discuss issues related to biological integration and assimilation based on physical anthropology data.

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Zubova, Alisa. "Neolithic population of the Southern Primorye and its affinities with the indigenous population of the Far East (based on dental non-metric traits from the Boysman-2 burial ground sample)." Camera praehistorica, no. (1) (December 12, 2018): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33291/26583828.2018-(1)-7.

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Aguirre, Luisa, Diana Castillo, Diana Solarte, Martha Moyano, and Freddy Moreno. "Mixed dentition Morphology characteristics: a correlation between 3 non-metric dental traits in temporal and permanent dentition in scholars from Cali - Colombia." Revista Estomatología 15, no. 2 (September 26, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/re.v15i2.5613.

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Summary: Objectives: Determine the correlation of the frequency and variability of three Non-metricdental crown traits (Carabelli cusp, protostylid and molar pattern cusp) between deciduous (um2/lm2)and permanent (UM1/LM1) teeth in mixed-dentition subjects. Materials and methods: A descriptivestudy was conducted to determine the dental morphology in mixed dentition stage of young subjects.The Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System ASUDAS and Grind and Sciulli Methods wereused as reference to compare frequency of dental traits in dental casts of 100 young individualsracially mixed. Results: A high expression of furrows and pits of the Carabelli cusp, a highfrequency of protostylid in degree 1 (foramen secum) and a expression of molar pattern cusp,revealed that the studied population received influences of the Mongoloid and Caucasoid dentalcomplexes. Correspondence on the traits expression among temporal and permanent dentition was alsoconfirmed. Bilateral symmetry and sexual dimorphism in the analyzed non-metric dental crown traitswere found. Key words: Dental anthropology. Dental morphology. Non-metric dental crown traits. Mixeddentition.

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Fidalgo, Daniel, Veronica Wesolowski, and Mark Hubbe. "The Impact of dental wear on the analysis of morphological affinities based on dental non-metric traits." Dental Anthropology Journal 34, no. 2 (July 22, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.26575/daj.v34i2.328.

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Dental wear is described as a limitation to dental morphological studies, as it obscures important crown trait features, resulting in significant differences on trait frequencies, an essential component for estimating biodistances. However, the actual impact of dental wear on biological distances still requires further characterization. We explore the impact of dental wear on morphological affinities for Brazilian pre-colonial series in the context of worldwide reference series. Twenty crown traits were scored using the Arizona State University Dental Anthropological System, and dental wear was quantified as an ordinal scale between 1 (no wear) and 8 (crown eroded). Seven crown trait frequencies are significantly associated with dental wear (p<0.05), demonstrating its impact on their analysis. To explore this impact on biodistances, data was divided by wear categories (all teeth, low-wear, moderate/severe wear) and morphological affinities among series was compared through Euclidean distances, Mean Measure of Divergence, and Principal Component Analysis. Results show the impact of wear is only meaningful when a sample contains many wear-biased traits with only moderate/severe wear. We conclude despite the impact of wear on individual trait frequencies, its impact on morphological affinities can be mitigated by including other variables or when comparisons focus only on large-scale biological differences.

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Palamenghi, Andrea, Alessia Borlando, Danilo De Angelis, Chiarella Sforza, Cristina Cattaneo, and Daniele Gibelli. "Exploring the potential of cranial non-metric traits as a tool for personal identification: the never-ending dilemma." International Journal of Legal Medicine, July 17, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00414-021-02654-4.

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AbstractForensic anthropologists tasked with identification of skeletal remains often have to set up new strategies to overcome the limitations of conventional individualizing markers. A sound acquaintance with non-metric traits is essential for a reliable distinction between normal variations and pathological or traumatic conditions, yet the role of cranial variants in the identification process is still somehow ill-defined. One hundred crania (50 males and 50 females) of known sex and age were selected from the Collezione Antropologica LABANOF (a documented contemporary skeletal collection) and non-metric traits were scored as present or absent and by side. The frequencies of 13 traits were used to calculate the compound probabilities to find an individual with an exact combination of cranial features in the worldwide population. The probabilities of the majority of the individuals (53%) are within the 1 out of 10 million–1 out of 1 million interval. However, a fair number of subjects (25%) of the sample have the probabilities falling into the 1 out of 1 billion–1 out of 100 million interval, while the probabilities of a small portion of the sample (10%) are less than 1 out of 1 billion. This pilot study illustrates that some combinations of cranial variants are quite rare and may represent potential evidence to discern presumptive identifications, when an appropriate set of traits is selected and antemortem data are available for comparison. However, further research on larger and various samples is needed to confirm or discard the use of combinations of cranial non-metric traits as individualizing markers.

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Bollini, Gabriel A., Carlos David Rodríguez-Flórez, and Sonia E. Colantonio. "Dental Non-Metric Traits in a Pre-Conquest Sample "Calchaquí" From Argentina, South America." International Journal of Morphology 27, no. 4 (December 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022009000400018.

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Rodríguez, Carolina, and Freddy Moreno. "Paramolar tubercle on second upper left premolar - a case report." Revista Estomatología 14, no. 1 (September 26, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/re.v14i1.5591.

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Summary: This paper is a casereport description of the paramolar tubercle presence on the buccal surface of left upper secondpremolar (25 tooth). The description was done under the dental anthropology point of view and thistooth mark may be useful to classify and identify human populations. Key words: Dental anthropology.Dental morphology. Non-metric dental crown traits. Paramolar tubercle.

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Ocampo, Ángela, Juan David Sánchez, Carlos Humberto Martínez Cajas, and Freddy Moreno. "Correlation of ten non-metric dental traits between deciduous and permanent molars of three ethnic colombian groups." Revista Estomatología 17, no. 2 (September 28, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/re.v17i2.5695.

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Summary Objective: To determine correlations of ten non-metric dental crown traits NMDCT (Carabelli, hipocon2, enamel bridge, metaconule, protostylid, deflecting wrinkle, pattern cusp, cusp number and 6 and 7 cusp) between deciduous second upper (um2) and low (lm2) molars, permanent first upper (UM1) and lower (LM1) molars and permanent second upper (UM2) and lower (LM2) molars were studied. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study determines the correlation of ten NMDCT through of the frequency and variability, observed on 201 dental casts of Cali racially mixed population, 84 dental casts of Puerto Tejada African-Colombian population and 60 dental casts of Colombian Amazons natives. Results: The Colombian Amazon natives showed high correlation in Carabelli and cusp number between um2/UM1; and very high in metaconule and pattern cusp. Cali racially mixed population showed moderated correlation in Carabelli, deflecting wrinkle and pattern cusp between um2/UM1; and high in 6 cusp. And between UM1/UM2/LM1/LM2 moderate in deflecting wrinkle; and high in protostylid, pattern cusp and 6 cusp. Puerto Tejada African-Colombian population showed moderated correlation between UM1/UM2/LM1/LM2 in deflecting wrinkle; and high in protostylid, pattern cusp and 6 cusp. Conclusions: Findings support the proposal of morphogenetic field theory, which exposes that the key tooth in deciduous and permanent molars is um2/lm2 because it retains the basic configuration of contact and number of cusps pattern, so UM1/UM2/LM1/LM2 will vary according to ethnic origin and to the environmental influence of each ofn three studied ethnic groups. Key words: Dental anthropology. Dental morphology. Non-metric dental traits. Deciduous dentition. Permanent dentition. Correlations.

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Srivastav, Monika, R. Bharanidharan, R. Ramya, Thayalan Dineshkumar, Arulmozhi Nanda Kumar, and A. Ramesh Kumar. "Evaluation of Dental Non-Metric Traits in Ethnic Tamil Population: An Aid in Forensic Profiling." JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2018/36166.12076.

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Garcia, Annie, Fernando Gustin, Catalina Quiñonez, Lina Sacanamboy, Mery-Hann Torres, Lina Triana, Diana Valencia, Edwin Rojas, Jaime Gómez, and Freddy Moreno. "Morphological characterization of incisors and molars of an african descent group of Cali, Valle del Cauca (Colombia)." Revista Estomatología 23, no. 2 (September 30, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/re.v23i2.5784.

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Objectives: To determine the frequency, variability, sexual dimorphism, correlation and bilateral symmetry of 13 non-metric dental crown traits (NMDCT) in incisors and molars of afro descent group of Cali, Valle del Cauca (Colombia)Material and methods: Quantitative cross-sectional study that characterizes the dental morphology of the central and lateral upper incisors (11, 12, 21, 22) and first and second upper and lower molars (16, 17, 26, 27, 36, 37, 46, 47) by ASUDAS system of observation, recording and analysis reported in the literature; from 60 models of study (34 female and 26 male) obtained from a afro descent group with aged between 7 to 17 years.Results: Was obtained winging and crowding mid frequencies, high frequency of shovel-shape in central and lateral incisors, low frequency of Carabelli cusp, low frequency of metaconule, reduction of hypocone absent, P point expression of protostylid, low frequency of deflecting wrinkle, groove pattern configuration Y5 (lower first molar) and +5 and +6 (lower second molar). NMDCT not sexually dimorphic (except hypocone reduction and groove pattern), have low correspondence and have bilateral symmetry. A p<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Conclusions: The frequency and variability of the 13 NMDCT allowed determining that the group of African descent is part of Caucasoid Dental Complex with Mongoloid Dental Complex influence, due to mixing processes and ethno historic settlement of the southeastern region of Cali. Key words: Dental anthropology, dental morphology, incisors, molars, non-metric dental traits, African descent, Afrocolombian.

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Sah, Sanjay Kumar, Santosh Kandel, Raju Shrestha, and Alok Atreya. "Prevalence of Selected Non-Metric Dental Traits in Indo-Nepalese and Tibeto-Nepalese Ethnic Groups of Western Hilly Region." Journal of Nepal Medical Association 57, no. 219 (October 31, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.31729/jnma.4603.

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Introduction: Additional anatomic features present on teeth are called non-metric dental traits. Carabelli’s cusp and shovelling are such traits which are mostly evaluated for identification of ethnicity. The present study aims to determine the prevalence of Carabelli’s cusp and shovelling among Indo-Nepalese and Tibeto-Nepalese ethnic group. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital from March 22 to June 22 2019 after obtaining ethical approval from the institutional review committee. The study was conducted among 274 patients and convenient sampling method was applied. Data were analyzed by the help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21. Results: Among 274 cases, 153 (55.84%) cases were Indo-Nepalese and 121 (44.16%) were TibetoNepalese. Carabelli’s cusp (16/26) was noticed in 87 (56.86%) of Indo-Nepalese and 45 (37.19%) of Tibeto-Nepalese. Shovelling (11, 12, 21, 22) was present in 47 (30.71%) Indo-Nepalese and 79 (65.28%) of Tibeto-Nepalese. Further, Carabelli’s cusp (16/26) was found in 77 (53.10%) females and 55 (55.12%) males. Shovelling was present in 75 (51.72%) females and 51 (39.53%) males. Bilateralism with respect to Carabelli’s cusp was present in 82 (62.2%) cases. Presence of bilateral shovelling on upper central incisors and lateral central incisors were among 117 (94.35%) and 56 (91.80%) respectively. Conclusions: Carabelli’s cusps are frequently found in Indo-Nepalese ethnic group and shovelling of teeth most commonly present in Tibeto-Nepalese population. Further, bilaterism for shovelling of teeth is more common than bilaterism for cusp of Carabelli.

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Nakbunlung, Supaporn, and Sukhontha Wathanawareekool. "[BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY] Talking teeth: dental non-metric traits of wooden-coffin burials in the Pang Ma Pha cave sites, northwestern Thailand." Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 24 (January 24, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.7152/bippa.v24i0.11881.

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Shah, Sonalee, and Amit Wasti. "ANALYTICAL METHODS OF DENTAL ANTHROPOLOGY & FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY –AN OVERVIEW." GLOBAL JOURNAL FOR RESEARCH ANALYSIS, July 15, 2021, 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/gjra/4915527.

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Dental Anthropology is a scientic discipline, which deals with studies of sexual dimorphism, paleodemography, oral evolutionary trends, paleodiet, biodistance and paleopathology through the analysis & comparison of the dentition of extinct and modern human populations by the study of Non-metric morphological variations (dental morphological features) and metric morphological trends of the dentition of human populations over time (prehistoric and modern) and space impact (ie.ethnic inuences) on them along-with their relation to the processes of adaptation and diet changes that contributed to the evolution of the current dental system and thereby the human race.(1,3,5) Teeth exhibit a wide array of variables, ranging from those largely controlled by genes to those largely dictated by environment. Anthropological questions focusing on teeth therefore, include issues of population origins and population relationships using information on (tooth morphology, size, number), diet and behavior (attrition, crown chipping, tooth-tool use), health (caries, abscesses, periodontal disease, calculus), and developmental stress (hypoplasia, asymmetry).Traits showing a wider distribution and higher frequency suggest a more ancient origin. (7) Apart from classical methods in this eld, many innovative techniques such as extraction of ancient DNA (aDNA), trace element and stable isotope analyses methods are used . Also, the analysis of development of microwear and confocal analyses of occlusal surfaces of teeth is done for documenting tooth use and masticatory function. Dental anthropologists and forensic odontologists can thus, together decipher problems associated with craniofacial identication & can also collaborate in museum model reconstructions out of skull bones for Forensic Facial Approximation.

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Blankenship-Sefczek, Erin, Joseph W. Ball, and Jennifer Taschek. "FIRST STEPS–DENTITION, KINSHIP, SOCIAL GROUPS, AND STATUS IN THE UPPER BELIZE RIVER VALLEY: SMALL SAMPLE INSIGHTS INTO CLASSIC MAYA SOCIAL ORGANIZATION IN CENTRAL WESTERN BELIZE." Ancient Mesoamerica, August 29, 2019, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956536119000129.

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AbstractNonmetric (morphological) and metric analyses of dental traits and dentition are an established and effective, but still much underutilized, means of determining biological relationships among the individuals comprising a population over several generations. Combining such dental analyses, a social organizational typology adapted from social psychology, and small sample statistics, this study hazards a trial examination of the evidence for biological affinity within and between three archaeologically perceived social groups represented in the Classic-period Belize Valley community of Buenavista del Cayo. The groups comprise traditional high elite and commoner categories, and a putative middle level of intermediate elites. Findings suggest a dichotomous kinship structure of elites and non-elites, but one within which there had emerged an emically and archaeologically distinct “middle” status group of intermediate elites or subelites that remained affined by blood to the subordinate non-elite commoners and peasantry. The study differs from previous examinations of ancient Maya social organization in employing a truly integrated bioarchaeological approach to the topic rather than what have generally been intrinsically insular archaeological or osteometric approaches.

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Leal, M. F. C., A. Lemos, G. F. Costa, and Inês Lopes Cardoso. "Genetic And Environmental Factors Involved In The Development Of Oral Malformations Such As Cleft Lip/Palate In Non-Syndromic Patients And Open Bite Malocclusion." European Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 2, no. 3 (June 5, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejmed.2020.2.3.262.

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Among the most common malformations observed in the oral cavity are cleft lip/palate and malocclusions, being this last one considered by the World Health Organization, the third public health problem.Malocclusions include the anterior open bite, a change in the vertical plane, that can be of two types: dental anterior open bite and skeletal anterior open bite. Cleft lip and cleft palate are the most common congenital malformations at birth. These malformations result from a failure in the normal craniofacial development process, which requires the coordination of a complex series of events. From the embryological point of view, the cleft lip/palate is a consequence of the failure of the first superior branchial arch to complete fusion with the frontonasal process during pregnancy.All these malformations result from the interaction of both genetic and environmental factors. Among the environmental factors involved in the development of malocclusions are deleterious habits, mouth breathing and trauma. Several genes involved in the development of facial bones, muscles and teeth are also responsible for the development of malocclusions. In the same way, clefts development is a multifactorial trait where multiple genes are involved as well as environmental factor like alcohol consumption, tobacco, exposure to pesticides or toxic solvents, in a complex interaction.All these factors may jeopardize the normal functioning of the stomatognathic system and the consequent quality of life of the patient. The purpose of this study was to review the literature concerning the genetic and environmental aspects involved in the development of these malformations.

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Ražev, Dmitrij, and Svetlana Šarapova. "Peopling the past: female burials of the Iron Age forest-steppe in the Trans-Urals." Praehistorische Zeitschrift 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pz-2014-0008.

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Der Artikel analysiert Frauengräber sowie ihren Status in Gräbern, in denen keine oder unklare Hinweise auf die soziale Stellung der bestatteten Frauen vorliegen. Dabei werden alle bekannten Frauengräber aus Kurganen sowohl im Zentrum der Bestattungssitte als auch in der Peripherie erfasst. Die Mehrzahl aller Untersuchungen mit Deutungen zur sozialen Stellung der Bestattungen beruhen ausschließlich auf Ergebnissen in Form räumlicher Analysen der Bestattungen unter Einbezug solcher Grabbeigaben wie Waffen oder persönlichem Schmuck. Aufgrund dieser Feststellung sollten jegliche kontextuelle Information sowie nichtmetrische osteologische Beobach tungen einschließlich der Analyse musculoskeletaler Stress-Marker zum besseren Verständnis der so zialen Organisation, von Status und Geschlecht eingesetzt werden. Im Beitrag werden archäologische und anthropologische Modelle und Daten miteinander kombiniert und ins Verhältnis gesetzt, dies im Gegensatz zum Großteil der bekannten Forschungen über Frauen, die sich anderer Methoden bedienen. Die Autoren analysierten insgesamt 133 Bestattungen mit 143/144 Personen von zwölf Gräberfeldern aus dem Einzugsgebiet des Tobol. Der Großteil dieser Bestattungen wurde direkt vor Ort von Osteologen untersucht. Die im Beitrag präsentierte Stichprobe umfasst 42 Frauengräber. 19 dieser weiblichen Skelette konnten aufgrund einer günstigen Skeletterhaltung zur Beobachtung musculoskeletaler Stress-Marker und aktivitätsbedingter Pathologien herangezogen werden. Die Verwendung detaillierter bioarchäologischer Analysen lieferte neue Informationen zum Geschlechterverständnis sowie hinsichtlich der sozialen Identität, aber auch weitergehende Informationen bezüglich der Sargat.Cet article présente les résultats d’analyses de tombes de femmes et considère leur statut social, en particulier dans les cas où leur position sociale semble incertaine. Les tombes féminines connues à l’intérieur des tumuli (ou kourgans) ont été retrouvées tout aussi bien à la périphérie des tumuli qu’au centre, comme sépultures centrales. Elles ne se distinguent pas toutes par des marqueurs nets de leur statut social. Jusqu’à présent la plupart des interprétations sociales se sont exclusivement basées sur les données fournies par l’analyse spatiale des inhumations ainsi que sur l’inclusion de certaines catégories d’objets déposés en milieu funéraire, telles les armes et les parures. Pourtant toute forme d’information sur le contexte des trouvailles, ainsi que l’étude des traits ostéologiques non-métriques, y compris l’analyse des marqueurs musculo-squelettiques du stress, devraient être mises à contribution pour une meilleure compréhension de l’organisation sociale, du rang et du rôle des sexes. Ainsi nous soulignons les corrélations qui existent entre les modèles archéologiques et les données anthropologiques, contrairement à la plupart des travaux sur les femmes conduits à ce jour, qui se basent sur d’autres méthodes. Notre analyse a porté sur 133 sépultures (représentant 143/144 individus) provenant de 12 nécropoles de la région du bassin du Tobol ; ces inhumations ont pour la plupart été examinées par de spécialistes en ostéologie sur le chantier-même ou ont fait l’objet d’un examen détaillé en laboratoire. L’échantillon comprend 42 femmes, et le degré de conservation des différents éléments de ces squelettes nous a permis d’identifier des marqueurs musculo-squelettiques du stress ainsi que des pathologies liées à certaines activités sur 19 d’entre elles. La mise en oeuvre d’analyses bioarchéologiques détaillées fournit ainsi de nouvelles données permettant de mieux comprendre le rôle des sexes et l’identité sociale du Sargat en général.This paper analyses female burials and their status, especially in graves where their social position seems unclear. Female burials from kurgan mounds are recorded at the periphery of the kurgan area as well as in central graves. Not every female burial displays clear status markers. Most social interpretations have been based exclusively on mortuary evidence in the form of spatial analyses of interments and on the inclusion of certain categories of grave goods such as weaponry and personal adornments. But all forms of contextual information, as well as non-metric osteological observations, including the analysis of musculoskeletal stress markers, should be employed for enhancing our understanding of social organisation, status and gender. We therefore emphasise the correlation between archaeological models and anthropological data, unlike much of the research to date on females dealing with gender studies. We analysed a total 133 burials (representing 143/144 individuals) from 12 cemeteries in the Tobol river basin, the majority of which was examined by on-site osteologists or analysed in detail in a desk-top study. The sample includes 42 female burials; of these, the preservation of skeletal elements made it possible to observe musculoskeletal stress markers and activity-induced pathology on 19 female skeletons. The use of detailed bioarchaeological analyses provides new information for understanding gender and social identity and contributes to knowledge of the Sargat in general.В статье анализируются погребения женщин старшей возрастной группы и их социальный статус, включая те комплексы, в которых социальная градация не столь очевидна. Несмотря на то, что все известные на сегодняшний день женские захоронения зафиксированы как в центре подкурганной площадки, так и на периферии, статусные различия этих индивидов невыразительны. Как правило, все существующие социальные реконструкции были основаны на данных погребальной обрядности: анализ пространственной организации кургана и/или присутствие оружия и украшений среди предметов сопроводительного инвентаря. В этой связи, чрезвычайно важным для понимания социальной организации, статусных различий и гендерных отношений древних популяций видится не только изучение археологического контекста, но и неметрических остеологических признаков, включая исследование мест прикрепления мышц и связок. Не менее показательно также то, что изучение статуса женщин в древних обществах проводится преимущественно в рамках концепции гендера, тогда как основное внимание авторы статьи сосредоточили на сопоставлении археологического контекста и данных физической антропологии. Всего было проанализировано 133 погребения (143/144 индивида) из 12 могильников Притоболья, большинство из которых были раскопаны с участием полевых антропологов либо антропологические определения посткраниального скелета были выполнены в ходе камерального исследования. Женская выборка представлена 42 захоронениями; из-за сохранности костного материала только 19 женских скелетов были доступны для исследования мест прикрепления мышц и связок, и определения степени дегенеративно-дистрофических поражений суставов. Предпринятое биоархеологическое изучение не только вводит в научный оборот новые данные для понимания гендерной и социальной идентичности, но и дополняет общее представление по археологии саргатской общности.

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