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Journal articles on the topic 'Non-parallel structure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 2 February 2022

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1

POITRAS, GEOFFREY. "PARTIAL IMMUNIZATION BOUNDS AND NON-PARALLEL TERM STRUCTURE SHIFTS." Annals of Financial Economics 08, no. 02 (December 2013): 1350006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010495213500061.

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A variety of approaches have been proposed to extend classical fixed income portfolio immunization theory to cases where shifts in the term structure are not parallel. Following Reitano (1991a, 1991b, 1992, 1996) and Poitras (2007), this paper uses partial durations and convexities to specify benchmark partial immunization bounds for non-parallel term structure shifts. Theoretical results are obtained by exploiting properties of the multivariate Taylor series expansion of the spot interest rate pricing function. It is demonstrated that the partial immunization bounds can be effectively manipulated by adequate selection of the securities being used to immunize the portfolio. The inclusion of time values permits the results obtained to be related to previous studies by Christensen and Sorensen (1994), Chance and Jordan (1996), Barber and Copper (1997) and Poitras (2005, Ch. 5) on the time value-convexity tradeoff.

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2

Fu, Chengjie, Xiaolei Zhu, Kejie Huang, and Zheng Gu. "An 8-bit Radix-4 Non-Volatile Parallel Multiplier." Electronics 10, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 2358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10192358.

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The data movement between the processing and storage units has been one of the most critical issues in modern computer systems. The emerging Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) technology has drawn tremendous attention due to its non-volatile ability and the potential in computation application. These properties make them a perfect choice for application in modern computing systems. In this paper, an 8-bit radix-4 non-volatile parallel multiplier is proposed, with improved computational capabilities. The corresponding booth encoding scheme, read-out circuit, simplified Wallace tree, and Manchester carry chain are presented, which help to short the delay of the proposed multiplier. While the presence of RRAM save computational time and overall power as multiplicand is stored beforehand. The area of the proposed non-volatile multiplier is reduced with improved computing speed. The proposed multiplier has an area of 785.2 μm2 with Generic Processing Design Kit 45 nm process. The simulation results show that the proposed multiplier structure has a low computing power at 161.19 μW and a short delay of 0.83 ns with 1.2 V supply voltage. Comparative analyses are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed multiplier design. Compared with conventional booth multipliers, the proposed multiplier structure reduces the energy and delay by more than 70% and 19%, respectively.

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3

Germain, Norbert, Jacques Besson, Frédéric Feyel, and Pierre Gosselet. "High-performance parallel simulation of structure degradation using non-local damage models." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 71, no. 3 (2007): 253–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1937.

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4

Zhao, Yongjie, and Yanling Tian. "Dynamic Performance Evaluation of a Parallel Manipulator with Non Axial Symmetrical Characteristics by Computing the Respective Actuating Joint Capability." International Journal of Intelligent Mechatronics and Robotics 2, no. 4 (October 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijimr.2012100101.

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Unlike the traditional Gough-Stewart platform with axial symmetrical structure, a parallel manipulator consists of non axial symmetrical structure has non axial symmetrical characteristic in the whole reachable workspace. This paper presents the joint capability evaluation of a parallel manipulator with non axial symmetrical characteristics. A series of velocity, torque and power indices are presented. The torque indices combining the acceleration, velocity, and gravity components of the dynamic model are used to evaluate the respective joint torque capability. The power indices corresponding to the torque indices are also adopted to evaluate the respective joint power capability. The joint capability evaluation of the parallel manipulator is carried out through computational analysis and simulation with the velocity, torque and power indices. It is shown that the respective actuating joint capabilities of the parallel manipulator are not uniform due to the non axial symmetrical structure. Thus the performance evaluation of this type of parallel manipulator must be performed by analyzing the respective joint capability. By means of these indices with obvious physical meanings, it is possible to control the respective joint capability of the parallel manipulator. The indices are general and can be used for the other types of parallel manipulators.

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5

Rodríguez-González, Juan, Magali I. Billen, and Ana M. Negredo. "Non-steady-state subduction and trench-parallel flow induced by overriding plate structure." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 401 (September 2014): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.06.013.

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6

Froeyen, Matheus, Eveline Lescrinier, Luc Kerremans, Helmut Rosemeyer, Frank Seela, Birgit Verbeure, Irene Lagoja, et al. "α-Homo-DNA and RNA Form a Parallel Oriented Non-A, Non-B-Type Double Helical Structure." Chemistry - A European Journal 7, no. 23 (December 3, 2001): 5183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1521-3765(20011203)7:23<5183::aid-chem5183>3.0.co;2-h.

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7

Guo, Ziyang, Xin Fu, Yuxin Zhang, and Ke Chen. "Non-selective synthesis and controllable transformation of parallel MnO2 with hydrogen ions." CrystEngComm 22, no. 37 (2020): 6101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ce01032d.

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Acids play a vital role in the controlled synthesis of parallel MnO₂; the appropriate acid groups with highest oxidation state have no effect on the parallel structure, but acid groups with reducibility can promote its formation.

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8

Li, Q. "Error attenuation in the control of a parallel robot manipulator using a dual-model-based structure." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 217, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440603762826486.

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Parallel structure robots have been receiving growing attention from both academia and industry in recent years. This is due to their advantages over serial structure robots, such as high stiffness, high motion accuracy and a high load-structure ratio. Control of parallel robots, however, produces difficulties to control engineers due to the modelling errors arising from the highly non-linear and complex structures. This paper proposes a dual-model-based structure for error attenuation in the trajectory-tracking control of a parallel robot manipulator. In this design, a conventional model-based control algorithm employing an estimated robot dynamic model is first implemented in the inner loop of the control structure. Then, in order to reduce the unwanted effects caused by modelling erros, another model-based structure, developed based on the concept of the internal model control, is appended in the outer loop of the control structure as a compensator. A combination of these two model-based components results in a novel dual-model-based structure for parallel robot control. Sensitivity analyses show that the effects due to modelling errors and external disturbances can be significantly reduced by applying this new control structure without relying on a high-gain control solution. The effectiveness of this control design is successfully demonstrated by numerical studies on a planar parallel robot with 2 degrees of freedom.

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9

HEATON, C. J., J. W. NICHOLS, and P. J. SCHMID. "Global linear stability of the non-parallel Batchelor vortex." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 629 (June 15, 2009): 139–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009006399.

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Linear stability of the non-parallel Batchelor vortex is studied using global modes. This family of swirling wakes and jets has been extensively studied under the parallel-flow approximation, and in this paper we extend to more realistic non-parallel base flows. Our base flow is obtained as an exact steady solution of the Navier–Stokes equations by direct numerical simulation (with imposed axisymmetry to damp all instabilities). Global stability modes are computed by numerical simulation of the linearized equations, using the implicitly restarted Arnoldi method, and we discuss fully the numerical and convergence issues encountered. Emphasis is placed on exploring the general structure of the global spectrum, and in particular the correspondence between global modes and local absolute modes which is anticipated by weakly non-parallel asymptotic theory. We believe that our computed global modes for a weakly non-parallel vortex are the first to display this correspondence with local absolute modes. Superpositions of global modes are also studied, allowing an investigation of the amplifier dynamics of this unstable flow. For an illustrative case we find global non-modal transient growth via a convective mechanism. Generally amplifier dynamics, via convective growth, are prevalent over short time intervals, and resonator dynamics, via global mode growth, become prevalent at later times.

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10

SWIFT, L. K., T. JOHNSON, and P. E. LIVADAS. "PARALLEL CREATION OF LINEAR OCTREES FROM QUADTREE SLICES." Parallel Processing Letters 04, no. 04 (December 1994): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626494000417.

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Quadtrees and octrees are hierarchical data structures for efficiently storing image data. Quadtrees represent two dimensional images, while octrees are a generalization to three dimensions. The linear form of each is an abstraction of the tree structure to reduce storage requirements. We have developed a parallel algorithm to efficiently create a linear octree from quadtree slices of an object without the use of an intermediate data structure. We also propose the d-slice, which is a generalization of an octree, and which efficiently represents non-cubic volumes.

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11

Kumar, Manoj. "A Non-Linear Stiffness Model for Serial and Parallel Manipulators." International Journal of Robotics Applications and Technologies 5, no. 1 (January 2017): 34–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrat.2017010103.

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The paper presents a methodology to enhance the stiffness analysis of serial and parallel manipulators with passive joints. It directly takes into account the loading influence on the manipulator configuration and, consequently, on its Jacobians and Hessians. The main contributions of this paper are the introduction of a non-linear stiffness model for the manipulators with passive joints, a relevant numerical technique for its linearization and computing of the Cartesian stiffness matrix which allows rank-deficiency. Within the developed technique, the manipulator elements are presented as pseudo-rigid bodies separated by multidimensional virtual springs and perfect passive joints. Simulation examples are presented that deal with parallel manipulators of the Ortholide family and demonstrate the ability of the developed methodology to describe non-linear behaviour of the manipulator structure such as a sudden change of the elastic instability properties (buckling).

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12

Bergasa-Caceres, Fernando, and Herschel A. Rabitz. "Sequential Collapse Folding Pathway of β-Lactoglobulin: Parallel Pathways and Non-Native Secondary Structure." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 107, no. 15 (April 2003): 3606–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp030087l.

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13

Lin, Rong. "A Regularly Structured Parallel Multiplier with Low-power Non-binary-logic Counter Circuits." VLSI Design 12, no. 3 (January 1, 2001): 377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/97598.

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A highly regular parallel multiplier architecture along with the novel low-power, high-performance CMOS implementation circuits is presented. The superiority is achieved through utilizing a unique scheme for recursive decomposition of partial product matrices and a recently proposed non-binary arithmetic logic as well as the complementary shift switch logic circuits.The proposed 64×64-b parallel multiplier possesses the following distinct features: (1) generating 64 8×8-b partial product matrices instead of a single large one; (2) comprising only four stages of bit reductions: first, by 8×8-b small parallel multipliers, then, by small parallel counters in each of the remaining three stages. A family of shift switch parallel counters, including non-binary (6, 3)∗ and complementary (k, 2) for 2 ≤ k ≤ 8, are proposed for the efficient bit reductions; (3) using a simple final adder.The non-binary logic operates 4-bit state signals (representing integers ranging from (0 to 3), where no more than half of the signal bits are subject to value-change at any logic stage. This and others including minimum transistor counts, fewer inverters, and low-leakage logic structure, significantly reduce circuit power dissipation.

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14

Dong, Lian Cheng, Guang Ying Li, Xia Xin Tao, Da Gang Lu, Juan Liu, and Xin Fu Hu. "Inversion on S-Wave Velocity Structure of Shallow Soil Layer Site Using Parallel Genetic Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.319.

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Microtremors was developed to inverse S-wave velocity structure of sites because it costs little and easy to monitor, can be performed at any place even in a densely populated city with non-destructive measurements, the genetic algorithm is widely used in inversion and there are many disadvantages in using genetic algorithms to solve practical problems, so the authors did a lot of efforts to overcome these disadvantages. In order to solve these disadvantages, a coarse-grained parallel genetic algorithm(PGA) based on personal computer cluster was proposed to inverse S-wave velocity structure of shallow soil layer of actual engineering sites, the simulated annealing algorithm and parallel technique message passing interface(MPI) were adopted to implement the coarse-grained parallel compute. The subpopulations were collaboratively optimized through individual migration strategy and the dynamic populations were adopted to balance the computing load. The shallow S-wave velocity structures of two examples and the actual engineering sites were inversed through a 4-node PC cluster test system, the results showed that the algorithm has a good parallel efficiency and can be used in engineering site.

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15

Östermark, Ralf. "A parallel algorithm for optimizing the capital structure contingent on maximum value at risk." Kybernetes 44, no. 3 (March 2, 2015): 384–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-08-2014-0171.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure the financial risk and optimal capital structure of a corporation. Design/methodology/approach – Irregular disjunctive programming problems arising in firm models and risk management can be solved by the techniques presented in the paper. Findings – Parallel processing and mathematical modeling provide a fruitful basis for solving ultra-scale non-convex general disjunctive programming (GDP) problems, where the computational challenge in direct mixed-integer non-linear programming (MINLP) formulations or single processor algorithms would be insurmountable. Research limitations/implications – The test is limited to a single firm in an experimental setting. Repeating the test on large sample of firms in future research will indicate the general validity of Monte-Carlo-based VAR estimation. Practical implications – The authors show that the risk surface of the firm can be approximated by integrated use of accounting logic, corporate finance, mathematical programming, stochastic simulation and parallel processing. Originality/value – Parallel processing has potential to simplify large-scale MINLP and GDP problems with non-convex, multi-modal and discontinuous parameter generating functions and to solve them faster and more reliably than conventional approaches on single processors.

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16

Mahbouli Rhouma, Najla, Ali Rayes, Francesco Mezzadri, Gianluca Calestani, and Mohamed Loukil. "Crystal structure of non-centrosymmetric bis(4-methoxybenzylammonium) tetrachloridozincate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 72, no. 7 (June 24, 2016): 1050–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989016010069.

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The structure of the title non-centrosymmetric organic–inorganic hybrid salt, (C8H12NO)2[ZnCl4], consists of two 4-methoxybenzylammonium cations sandwiched between anionic layers, formed by isolated tetrachloridozincate tetrahedra. The double layers extend parallel to theacplane. The crystal packing is assured by Coulombic interactions and by a complex N—H...Cl and C—H...Cl hydrogen-bonding system mostly involving the positively charged ammonium groups and the chloride ligands of the isolated tetrahedral [ZnCl4]2−units. One of the methyleneammonium groups is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.48 (2):0.52 (2) ratio. The crystal investigated was twinned by non-merohedry with a twin component ratio of 0.738 (2):0.262 (2).

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17

THEOFANIDIS, TH. "REAL HYPERSURFACES OF NON-FLAT COMPLEX SPACE FORMS WITH GENERALIZED ξ-PARALLEL JACOBI STRUCTURE OPERATOR." Glasgow Mathematical Journal 58, no. 3 (July 23, 2015): 677–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017089515000403.

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AbstractThe aim of the present paper is the classification of real hypersurfaces M equipped with the condition Al = lA, l = R(., ξ)ξ, restricted in a subspace of the tangent space TpM of M at a point p. This class is large and difficult to classify, therefore a second condition is imposed: (∇ξl)X = ω(X)ξ + ψ(X)lX, where ω(X), ψ(X) are 1-forms. The last condition is studied for the first time and is much weaker than ∇ξl = 0 which has been studied so far. The Jacobi Structure Operator satisfying this weaker condition can be called generalized ξ-parallel Jacobi Structure Operator.

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18

Rodrigues, Vitor, Maria Costa, Etelvina Gomes, Dmitry Isakov, and Michael Belsley. "L-alaninium perrhenate: crystal structure and non-linear optical properties." Open Chemistry 12, no. 10 (October 1, 2014): 1016–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-014-0548-9.

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AbstractThe crystal structure and non-linear optical properties of L-alaninium perrhenate, C3H8NO2+ ReO4 −, are reported. The protonated amino acid and the perrhenate anion have their usual geometries. The three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network can be seen as a stacking of layers parallel to the (100) planes. Each layer is formed by chains of alternating positive and negative ions along the b and c axes. Hydrogen bonding of adjacent layers forms alternating chains along the a axis. A high damage threshold and a second-harmonic generation efficiency three times that of KDP make this new material potentially useful in non-linear optics.

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19

Kúdela, Jakub, Irena Holubová, and Ondřej Bojar. "Extracting Parallel Paragraphs from Common Crawl." Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 107, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 39–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pralin-2017-0003.

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Abstract Most of the current methods for mining parallel texts from the web assume that web pages of web sites share same structure across languages. We believe that there still exists a non-negligible amount of parallel data spread across sources not satisfying this assumption. We propose an approach based on a combination of bivec (a bilingual extension of word2vec) and locality-sensitive hashing which allows us to efficiently identify pairs of parallel segments located anywhere on pages of a given web domain, regardless their structure. We validate our method on realigning segments from a large parallel corpus. Another experiment with real-world data provided by Common Crawl Foundation confirms that our solution scales to hundreds of terabytes large set of web-crawled data.

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20

Alshammari, Mohammed B., Keith Smith, Amany S. Hegazy, Benson M. Kariuki, and Gamal A. El-Hiti. "Crystal structure of 2-ethylquinazoline-4(3H)-thione." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 9 (August 1, 2014): o953. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160053681401664x.

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In the title compound, C10H10N2S, all non-H atoms are almost coplanar [maximum deviation = 0.103 (1) Å]. In the crystal, N—H...S interactions formR22(8) rings linking pairs of molecules related by inversion. The molecular pairs are stacked along [100]. A herringbone arrangement of pairs in the [010] direction forms layers parallel to (010).

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21

Ortega, Miguel, Juan de Dios Pérez, and Florentino G. Santos. "Non-Existence of Real Hypersurfaces with Parallel Structure Jacobi Operator in Nonflat Complex Space Forms." Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics 36, no. 5 (October 2006): 1603–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1216/rmjm/1181069385.

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22

Ahmad, Mobin, Shadab Ahmad Khan, and Toukeer Khan. "On non-invariant hypersurfaces of a nearly hyperbolic Sasakian manifold." International Journal of Mathematics 28, no. 08 (July 2017): 1750064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x17500641.

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We consider a nearly hyperbolic Sasakian manifold equipped with [Formula: see text]-structure and study non-invariant hypersurface of a nearly hyperbolic Sasakian manifold equipped with [Formula: see text]-structure. We obtain some properties of nearly hyperbolic Sasakian manifold equipped with [Formula: see text]-structure. Further, we find the necessary and sufficient conditions for totally umbilical non-invariant hypersurface with [Formula: see text]-structure of nearly hyperbolic Sasakian manifold to be totally geodesic. We also calculate the second fundamental form of a non-invariant hypersurface of a nearly hyperbolic Sasakian manifold with [Formula: see text]-structure under the condition when f is parallel.

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23

de Dios Pérez, Juan, and Young Jin Suh. "Real Hypersurfaces in Complex Projective Space Whose Structure Jacobi Operator is Lie 𝔻-parallel." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 56, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2011-193-6.

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24

JEONG, IMSOON, CARLOS J. G. MACHADO, JUAN DE DIOS PÉREZ, and YOUNG JIN SUH. "REAL HYPERSURFACES IN COMPLEX TWO-PLANE GRASSMANNIANS WITH 𝔇⊥-PARALLEL STRUCTURE JACOBI OPERATOR." International Journal of Mathematics 22, no. 05 (May 2011): 655–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x11006957.

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25

Lee, Hyunjin, and Young Jin Suh. "Cyclic parallel hypersurfaces in complex Grassmannians of rank 2." International Journal of Mathematics 31, no. 02 (December 24, 2019): 2050014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x20500147.

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The object of the paper is to study cyclic parallel hypersurfaces in complex (hyperbolic) two-plane Grassmannians which have a remarkable geometric structure as Hermitian symmetric spaces of rank 2. First, we prove that if the Reeb vector field belongs to the orthogonal complement of the maximal quaternionic subbundle, then the shape operator of a cyclic parallel hypersurface in complex hyperbolic two-plane Grassmannians is Reeb parallel. By using this fact, we classify all cyclic parallel hypersurfaces in complex hyperbolic two-plane Grassmannians with non-vanishing geodesic Reeb flow. Next, we give a non-existence theorem for cyclic Hopf hypersurfaces in complex two-plane Grassmannians.

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26

Benda, Vitezslav, and Zdenek Novak. "OCVD carrier lifetime measurements on an inhomogeneous diode structure." Facta universitatis - series: Electronics and Energetics 15, no. 1 (2002): 33–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuee0201033b.

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This paper investigates the problem of evaluating the lifetime of a carrier measured by the OCVD method on structures with a non-uniform carrier lifetime distribution. A simple model of two diodes connected in parallel (lumped charge approximation) has been used for evaluating the measured carrier lifetime. The theoretical analysis was experimentally verified.

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27

Mastalir, Matthias, Martina Schroffenegger, Berthold Stöger, Matthias Weil, and Karl Kirchner. "Crystal structure of 2,6-diaminopyridinium chloride." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 72, no. 3 (February 13, 2016): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989016002425.

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The asymmetric unit of the title salt, C5H8N3+·Cl−, comprises one half of the 2,6-diaminopyridinium cation (the other half being completed by the application of mirror symmetry) and one Cl−counter-anion, also located on the mirror plane. The amino N atom shows a significant pyramidalization, with a dihedral angle of 30.4 (14)° between the least-squares planes of the amino group and the non-H atoms of the 2,6-diaminopyridinium moiety. In the crystal, the cationic molecules and Cl−counter-anions are arranged in sheets parallel to (001) consisting of alternating polar and non-polar parts associated with the the Cl−anions, pyridinium and amino moieties, and the pyridine rings, respectively. N—H...Cl interactions within the polar part, as well as slipped π–π interactions in the non-polar part, help to establish the three-dimensional network.

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Vaccaro, Francesca A., Lynn V. Koplitz, and Joel T. Mague. "Crystal structure of 2-cyano-1-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 10 (September 12, 2015): o697—o698. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015016011.

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The asymmetric unit of the title salt, C7H7N2+·BF4−, comprises two independent but nearly identical formula units. The solid-state structure comprises corrugated layers of cations and anions, formed by C—H...F hydrogen bonding, that are approximately parallel to (010). Further C—H...F hydrogen bonding consolidates the three-dimensional architecture. The sample was refined as a two-component non-merohedral twin.

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29

Deguchi, Kengo, and Philip Hall. "Free-stream coherent structures in growing boundary layers: a link to near-wall streaks." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 778 (August 5, 2015): 451–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.314.

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In a recent paper, Deguchi & Hall (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 752, 2014a, pp. 602–625) described a new kind of exact coherent structure which sits at the edge of an asymptotic suction boundary layer at high values of the Reynolds number $Re$. At a distance $\ln Re$ from the wall, the structure is driven by the fully nonlinear interaction of tiny rolls, waves and streaks convected downstream at almost the free-stream speed. The interaction problem satisfies the unit-Reynolds-number three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations and is localized in a layer of the same depth as the unperturbed boundary layer. Here, we show that the interaction problem is generic to any boundary layer that approaches its free-stream form through an exponentially small correction. It is shown that away from the layer where it is generated the induced roll–streak flow is dominated by non-parallel effects which now play a major role in the streamwise evolution of the structure. The similarity with the parallel boundary layer case is restricted only to the layer where it is generated. It is shown that non-parallel effects cause the structure to persist only over intervals of finite length in any growing boundary layer and lead to a flow structure reminiscent of turbulent boundary layer simulations. The results found shed light on a possible mechanism to couple near-wall streaks with coherent structures located towards the edge of a turbulent boundary layer. Some discussion of how the mechanism adapts to a three-dimensional base flow is given.

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30

Honrado, Carlos, and Tao Dong. "Characterization of High-Throughput Capillary-Based Microfluidic Devices for Lab-on-Chip Integrated Optics Detections." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 658–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.658.

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The characterization of novel portable microfluidic devices, with capillary phenomena as filling process, was presented. Created for monitoring multiplexed chemiluminescence (CL) reactions, the devices are amenable for integration with organic photodiodes (OPDs) for future incorporation in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Using finite element method (FEM), four designs of microfluidic chips were simulated. The parallel design, despite its quick total filling time (TFT), presented a non-uniform filling process and a non-compact structure. The series design was the most compact structure studied. However, it cannot be used in CL reactions with multiple analytes in common, which is a major drawback. Regarding the parallel-series, it solved some of the problems presented in previous designs but its high TFT and non-compactness make it a less attractive solution for a portable microfluidic device. Finally, the optimized parallel design proved to be the best design, presenting a quick TFT, high compactness and the capability to have CL reactions sharing analytes.

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31

Turan Akın, Esra, and Tuncer Hökelek. "Crystal structure of 6,6,12,12-tetrachlorotricyclo[8.2.0.04,7]dodecane-5,11-dione." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 9 (August 6, 2015): 1000–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015014383.

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The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C12H12Cl4O2, contains two crystallographically independent molecules with almost identical conformations (r.m.s. overlay fit for the non-hydrogen atoms = 0.059 Å). In each molecule, the central eight-membered ring has a distorted boat configuration, and two non-planar four-membered rings are fused on either side of the eight-membered ring. A weak C—H...O hydrogen bond links the two independent molecules. In the crystal, weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a two-dimensional network parallel to (001).

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32

Horn, Jitschaq A. van der, and Martin Lutz. "Crystal structure ofcatena-poly[[copper(II)-μ2-salicylato-[diaquacopper(II)]-μ2-salicylato] dihydrate]." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 73, no. 2 (January 20, 2017): 235–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989017000883.

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The title compound, {[Cu2(C7H4O3)2(H2O)2]·2H2O}n, contains two copper(II) cations in special positions (one on a twofold rotation axis and one on an inversion centre) and the the salicylate ligand in its dianionic form. By four- and six-coordinate metal coordination, chains are formed parallel to [001], which are extended by O—H...O hydrogen bonding into sheets extending parallel to (100). These sheets are weakly connected by O—H...O hydrogen bondingviathe non-coordinating lattice water molecules into a three-dimensional network.

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Wellm, Carsten, and Christian Näther. "Crystal structure of bis(4-benzoylpyridine-κN)bis(methanol-κO)bis(thiocyanato-κN)nickel(II) methanol monosolvate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 75, no. 2 (January 31, 2019): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989019001555.

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The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Ni(NCS)2(C12H9NO)2(CH3OH)2]·CH3OH, comprises one NiII cation, two thiocyanate anions, two 4-benzoylpyridine coligands, two coordinating, as well as one non-coordinating methanol molecule. The NiII cation is coordinated by two terminally N-bonded thiocyanate anions, the N atoms of two 4-benzoylpyridine coligands and the O atoms of two methanol ligands within a slightly distorted octahedron. Individual complexes are linked by intermolecular O—H...S hydrogen bonding into chains parallel to [010] that are further connected into layers parallel to (10\overline{1}) by C—H...S hydrogen bonds. Additional C—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions lead to the formation of a three-dimensional network that limits channels extending parallel to [010] in which the non-coordinating methanol molecules are located. They are hydrogen-bonded to the coordinating methanol molecules. X-ray powder diffraction revealed that the compound could not be prepared as a pure phase.

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34

Kasuga, Noriko Chikaraishi, Yusuke Saito, Hiroyasu Sato, and Kazuo Yamaguchi. "Packing polymorphism in the crystal structure of 4,5-dimethoxy-2-nitrobenzyl acetate." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 71, no. 5 (April 11, 2015): 483–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989015006714.

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The title compound, C11H13NO6, shows two polymorphs, orange and yellow forms, both of which crystallize in the space groupP21/c. The molecular structures in the two polymorphs are essentially similar and adopt a planar structure, the maximum deviations for the non-H atoms being 0.1836 (13) and 0.1276 (13) Å, respectively, for the orange and yellow forms. In the orange crystal, molecules are linked by an intermolecular C—H...O interaction into a helical chain along theb-axis direction. The chains are stacked along thecaxis through a π–π interaction [centroid–centroid distance = 3.6087 (11) Å], forming a layer parallel to thebcplane. In the yellow crystal, molecules are connected through C—H...O interactions into a sheet structure parallel to (-302). No significant π–π interaction is observed. The unit-cell volume of the orange crystal is larger than that of the yellow one, and this accounts for the predominant growth of the yellow crystal.

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35

Sang, Ling, Li Xin Tian, Fei Yang, Jing Hua Xia, Rui Jin, Yi Ying Zha, Liang Tian, Xi Ping Niu, and Jun Min Wu. "Design and Fabrication of Non-Uniform Spacing Multiple Floating Field Limiting Rings for 6500V 4H-SiC JBS Diodes." Materials Science Forum 1014 (November 2020): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1014.120.

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Designed for 6500V 4H-SiC JBS diodes, a highly-efficient termination structure of a non-uniform multiple floating field limiting rings (MFFLR) featuring with a non-uniform ring spacing and a multiple region division is studied and purposed. For each region, ring spacing is modulated independently by a multiplication factor and a linear increment factor. The non-uniform MFFLR structure is simulated and optimized for a better electric field distribution and a higher breakdown voltage. Based on the simulation results, 4H-SiC JBS diodes with the optimized non-uniform termination designs are fabricated. Experimental results show that the SiC JBS diode with optimized non-uniform MFFLR termination structure can achieve a breakdown voltage of up to 7800 V, and its termination efficiency is about 94% of an ideal parallel-plane junction’s. Our results demonstrate that the optimized non-uniform MFFLR termination structure is capable for SiC JBS diodes with breakdown voltage of 6500V and above. Our results can provide a valuable design methodology of edge termination structures for other high-voltage SiC devices.

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36

Leguay-Durand, Sylvie, and Claude Reboulet. "Optimal design of a redundant spherical parallel manipulator." Robotica 15, no. 4 (July 1997): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574797000490.

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A new kinematic design of a parallel spherical wrist with actuator redundancy is presented. A special feature of this parallel manipulator is the arrangement of co-axial actuators which allows unlimited rotation about any axis inside a cone-shaped workspace. A detailed kinematic analysis has shown that actuator redundancy not only removes singularities but also increases workspace while improving dexterity. The structure optimization has been performed with a global dexterity criterion. Using a conditioning measure, a comparison with a non-redundant structure of the same type was performed and shows that a significant improvement in dexterity has been obtained.

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HANEEF, MUHAMMAD, SUNEELA ARIF, JEHAN AKBAR, NASRULLAH SHAH, and MUHAMMAD ZAHIR. "THE INVESTIGATION OF NON-OSCILLATING STRUCTURE OF THE PHOTODETACHMENT CROSS SECTION OF MOLECULAR ANION USING TRADITIONAL THEORETICAL IMAGING METHOD." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 12, no. 05 (August 2013): 1350041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633613500417.

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Using traditional theoretical imaging method, we predict invisible oscillations in the photodetachment cross section of [Formula: see text] near a thin soft surface. A laser which is polarized parallel to the surface is used to knock off electron from [Formula: see text]. Analytical expressions are derived for detached electron flux and photodetachment cross section. The results depend on the inter ion surface distance and separation of the atomic centers of the molecular anion. It is found that the surface strongly affects the detached electron flux and the photodetachment cross section. Unlike the detached electron flux the cross section displays non-oscillating structure. The non-oscillating structure is attributed to the parallel orientation of the laser polarization direction with the thin elastic surface.

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38

Michalewicz, Marek T. "Massively parallel calculations of the electronic structure of non-periodic micro-crystallites of transition metal oxides." Computer Physics Communications 79, no. 1 (February 1994): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-4655(94)90226-7.

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39

PESTOV, A. B. "THE WEYL GAUGE THEORY AND ABSOLUTE PARALLELISM." Modern Physics Letters A 15, no. 27 (September 7, 2000): 1697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300002231.

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The Weyl spinor field is a spinor representation of the Weyl non-Abelian gauge group and a source of the Weyl non-Abelian gauge field first originated in 1921. The equation is derived for the Weyl spinor field on the Weitzenböck space–time that has a quadruplet of parallel vector fields as the fundamental structure. The connection between the Weyl non-Abelian gauge theory and the Weitzenböck space–time is established in the form of a consistent system of equations for the Weyl spinor field and the quadruplet of parallel vector fields.

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40

Sternberg-Papahadjopoulos, B., K. Hong, W. Zheng, and D. Papahadjopoulos. "Cationic Liposome-DNA Complexes: Polymorphism versus Transfection Activity." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 854–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760003676x.

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Complexes formed during interaction of cationic liposomes with polynucleotides such as DNA (CLDC) self-assemble into a variety of polymorphic structures. They display bilayer (FIG. 1-5) and non-bilayer structures (FIG. 6). We have recorded bilayer structures such as spaghetti/meatball-type structures (FIG. I), map-pins (FIG. 2) spherical particles and invaginated liposomes (FIG. 3, 4) and oligolamellar structures (FIG. 5). The non-bilayer lipid arrangements include honeycombtype structure (Hn, FIG. 6) and cubic phase lipids.We have chosen mainly freeze-fracture electron microscopy (FIG. 1-3, 5,6) but also cryo-electron microscopy (FIG.4) for recording polymorphic structures, and for studying factors and conditions triggering the formation and stabilization of specific structure types. Furthermore, we took microscopically snapshots of the interaction of specific structure types with cultured cells. In order to find out the “active” structure in terms of transfection, we investigated the transfection activity both in vivo and in vitro of CLDC, and studied in parallel their morphology in serum as well as in cell medium.

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Mohri, Saki, Shinji Ohisa, Takehiro Tsumuki, Noriyuki Yonezawa, and Akiko Okamoto. "Crystal structure of 1-(2-fluorobenzoyl)-2,7-dimethoxynaphthalene." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 11 (October 4, 2014): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600536814020807.

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The asymmetric unit of the compound, C19H15FO3, contains two independent molecules. Each molecule has essentially the same feature of non-coplanarly accumulated aromatic rings whereby the aroyl group at the 1-position of the naphthalene ring system is twisted almost perpendicularly to the ring system [dihedral angles of 86.52 (8) and 89.66 (8)°]. In the crystal structure, molecules of the same conformer are stacked into columns parallel to theaaxis by van der Waals interactions only.

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42

Bandaru, Siva Sankar Murthy, Anant Ramakant Kapdi, and Carola Schulzke. "Crystal structure of 4-(pyrazin-2-yl)morpholine." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 74, no. 2 (January 12, 2018): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989018000312.

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The molecular structure of the title compound, C8H11N3O, is nearly planar despite the chair conformation of the morpholine moiety. In the crystal, the molecules form sheets parallel to the b axis, which are supported by non-classical hydrogen-bonding interactions between C—H functionalities and the O atom of morpholine and the 4-N atom of pyrazine, respectively. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with four molecules in the unit cell.

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43

Baumann, Ulrich. "Structure–Function Relationships of the Repeat Domains of RTX Toxins." Toxins 11, no. 11 (November 12, 2019): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11110657.

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RTX proteins are a large family of polypeptides of mainly Gram-negative origin that are secreted into the extracellular medium by a type I secretion system featuring a non-cleavable C-terminal secretion signal, which is preceded by a variable number of nine-residue tandem repeats. The three-dimensional structure forms a parallel β-roll, where β-strands of two parallel sheets are connected by calcium-binding linkers in such a way that a right-handed spiral is built. The Ca2+ ions are an integral part of the structure, which cannot form without them. The structural determinants of this unique architecture will be reviewed with its conservations and variations together with the implication for secretion and folding of these proteins. The general purpose of the RTX domains appears to act as an internal chaperone that keeps the polypeptide unfolded in the calcium-deprived cytosol and triggers folding in the calcium-rich extracellular medium. A rather recent addition to the structural biology of the RTX toxin is a variant occurring in a large RTX adhesin, where this non-canonical β-roll binds to ice and diatoms.

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44

Wang, Xiufang, Yu Wang, Yilang Liang, Guangcheng Fan, Xinyi Nie, Zhongming Yan, and Qingying Xu. "Study on the transmission characteristics of magnetic resonance wireless power transfer system." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 9 (June 2, 2017): 1799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078717000629.

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Magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transfer technology has attracted worldwide attention in recent years due to its mid-range, non-radiative, and high-efficiency power transfer. However, in regard to its practical applications, there are still some issues that need to be considered and studied with respect to coil design, such as coil structure, and parasitic parameter extraction. This paper investigated the characteristics of magnetic coupling resonance wireless power transfer systems with different coil structures, including circular coils and rectangular coils arranged in parallel. We calculated the magnetic field distributions and mutual inductances by subdividing the receiving coils and computing the magnetic flux density of each subdivision. The proposed analysis was validated by means of the finite element analysis and the experimental results. We investigated the effects of the coil's structure, and topological structures, on the power transfer efficiency. The results demonstrate that using circular coils in parallel is more advantageous than using rectangular coils.

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45

Rajapakse, Anuruddha, Roman Hillebrand, Sarah M. Lewis, Zachary D. Parsons, Charles L. Barnes, and Kent S. Gates. "Crystal structure ofN-(quinolin-6-yl)hydroxylamine." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 11 (October 11, 2014): 322–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160053681402193x.

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The title compound, C9H8N2O, crystallized with four independent molecules in the asymmetric unit. The four molecules are linkedviaone O—H...N and two N—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming a tetramer-like unit. In the crystal, molecules are further linked by O—H...N and N—H...O hydrogen bonds forming layers parallel to (001). These layers are linkedviaC—H...O hydrogen bonds and a number of weak C—H...π interactions, forming a three-dimensional structure. The crystal was refined as a non-merohedral twin with a minor twin component of 0.319.

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46

Cho, Seonghwa, Jineun Kim, Youngeun Jeon, and Tae Ho Kim. "Crystal structure of triclopyr." Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online 70, no. 9 (August 1, 2014): o940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s160053681401681x.

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In the title compound {systematic name: 2-[(3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl)oxy]acetic acid}, the herbicide triclopyr, C7H4Cl3NO3, the asymmetric unit comprises two independent molecules in which the dihedral angles between the mean plane of the carboxylic acid group and the pyridyl ring plane are 79.3 (6) and 83.8 (5)°. In the crystal, pairs of intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds form dimers through anR22(8) ring motif and are extended into chains along [100] by weak π–π interactions [ring centroid separations = 3.799 (4) and 3.810 (4) Å]. In addition, short intermolecular Cl...Cl contacts [3.458 (2) Å] connect the chains, yielding a two-dimensional architecture extending parallel to (020). The crystal studied was found to be non-merohedrally twinned with the minor component being 0.175 (4).

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47

Guan, Huiying, Xiaoming Feng, Junqiu Zhang, Shichao Niu, and Zhiwu Han. "Phragmites Communis Leaves with Anisotropy, Superhydrophobicity and Self-Cleaning Effect and Biomimetic Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Replicas." Coatings 9, no. 9 (August 24, 2019): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9090541.

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Phragmites communis leaf (PCL) is anisotropic, superhydrophobic and shows a self-cleaning effect. The water contact angle (WCA) values along the vertical and parallel vein directions on PCL are 153° ± 2° and 148° ± 2°, respectively. In contrast, the water sliding angle (WSA) values along the vertical and parallel vein directions for PCL are 12° ± 2° and 7° ± 2°, respectively. The epidermal wax makes the leaves intrinsically hydrophobic. The microstructure of the PCL surface shows sub-millimetre-, micron- and nanometre-scale structures. The sub-millimetre ridge structure is the main reason for the anisotropy of the leaves. The micron-scale papillae structure has a strong hydrophobic enhancement effect, and the nanoscale sheet structure is the key factor in achieving a stable Cassie state, as well as superhydrophobicity and self-cleaning activities. PCL-like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) samples fabricated by template transfer technology exhibited the sub-millimetre ridge structure and micron-scale papillae from the natural PCL; they also show obvious anisotropy and strong hydrophobicity and have a certain self-cleaning effect. The WCA and WSA values along the vertical and parallel vein directions on PCL are 146° ± 2°, 23° ± 2°, 142° ± 2° and 19° ± 2°, respectively. The preparation of a biomimetic PCL surface has broad application prospects in micro-fluidic control and the non-destructive transmission of liquids.

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48

Hofstetter, Robert, Benedict J. Elvers, Felix Potlitz, Andreas Link, and Carola Schulzke. "Crystal structure of 7,8,15,16,17-pentathiadispiro[5.2.59.36]heptadecane." Acta Crystallographica Section E Crystallographic Communications 75, no. 6 (May 24, 2019): 888–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2056989019007138.

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The title compound, C12H20S5, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with four molecules in the unit cell. In the crystal, the asymmetric unit comprises the entire molecule with the three cyclic moieties arranged in a line. The molecules in the unit cell pack in a parallel fashion, with their longitudinal axes arranged along a uniform direction. The packing is stabilized by the one-dimensional propagation of non-classical hydrogen-bonding contacts between the central sulfur atom of the S3 fragment and the C—H of a cyclohexyl group from a glide-related molecule [C...S = 3.787 (2) Å].

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49

Zhang, Lian-Lian, Guo-Hui Zhan, Dian-Qiang Yu, and Wei-Jiang Gong. "Transport through a non-Hermitian parallel double-quantum-dot structure in the presence of interdot Coulomb interaction." Superlattices and Microstructures 113 (January 2018): 558–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spmi.2017.11.040.

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Lim, Dong Ho, and Woon Ha Sohn. "ON CHARACTERIZATIONS OF HOPF HYPERSURFACES WITH PARALLEL STRUCTURE LIE OPERATOR IN A NON-FLAT COMPLEX SPACE FORM." Far East Journal of Mathematical Sciences (FJMS) 100, no. 5 (September 14, 2016): 773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17654/ms100050773.

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