Academic literature on the topic 'Non-Performing Loans Ratio'
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Journal articles on the topic "Non-Performing Loans Ratio"
1
Waqas, Muhammad, Nudrat Fatima, Aryan Khan, and Muhammad Arif. "Determinants of Non-performing Loans." International Journal of Finance & Banking Studies (2147-4486) 6, no. 1 (July 21, 2019): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijfbs.v6i1.617.
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The aim of the empirical study is to investigate credit risk determinants in banking sectors across three kinds of South Asian economies. An accumulated sample of 105 unbalanced panel data of financial firms over the period of 2000-2015, by applying General Method of Moment (GMM) estimation techniques one-step at the difference in order to identify factors influencing credit risk. This study is inspired by two broad categories of explanatory variables which are bank-specific and macroeconomic. Bank-specific factors influencing unsystematic risk, while macroeconomic factors promoting systematic risk. The study uses a proxy of non-performing loans for credit risk in banking sectors of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. The empirical results have been found aligned with theoretical arguments and literature as expected. In comparison, NPLs in Pakistan is greater than India and Bangladesh, while India has the lowest ratio of non-performing loans. The study documents that bank-specific factors (inefficiency, profitability, capital ratio and leverage) have a significant contribution towards credit risk. Further, the study also finds a significant impact of macroeconomic variables on non-performing loans. While, the result in the case of Bangladesh predicts contradictions that have no significant effect on non-performing loans at various levels. The overall results indicate that credit risk is not influenced by only external factors but also affect by internal factors like bad management and skimping etc.
2
Qin, Song, and Zhenlei Wang. "Comparison of International Differences in the Volatility of Economic Growth and Non-Performing Loan Ratio: A Statistical Study Based on the Quantile Regression Model." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 21, no. 6 (October 20, 2017): 1094–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2017.p1094.
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What is the level of non-performing loans in China’s banking sector and in different countries? Has the relationship between economic growth and the non-performing loan ratio changed? Is there a difference in the effect of the economic growth of different economies on the rate of non-performing loans in the banking sector? This study analyzes the relationship between economic growth and the non-performing loan ratios and characteristics of 13 countries from 2005-2014 based on quantile regression models with panel data. The results showed that the relationship between economic growth and the non-performing loan ratio was positive before the financial crisis in 2008 but was negative after 2008. The non-performing loan ratio in Canada, Mexico, and the US was low before 2008 and high after 2008. The impact of economic growth on the non-performing loan ratio was more significant for countries with a high non-performing loan ratio than for countries with a low non-performing loan ratio.
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Alawiyah, Miryam, Dedy Wijaya Kusuma, and Fetri Setyo Liyundira. "IMPRESSION OF NON-PERFORMING LOAN, LOAN TO DEPOSIT RATIO, AND NET INTEREST MARGIN AGAINST PROFITABILITY." Assets : Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Akuntansi, Keuangan dan Pajak 4, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30741/assets.v4i1.562.
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This study aims to determine the effect of Net Performing Loans, Loan to Deposit Ratio, and Net Interest Margin on profitability. Profitability is proxied by Return On Assets (ROA). Whereas the factor for the existence of Net Performing Loans (NPL) is proxied by non-performing loans, the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) factor is proxied by third-party fund distribution, and the Net Interest Margin (NIM) factor is net interest income proxied. The population in this study amounted to 25 Rural Banks (BPR) in the Jember Regency, and for the study, the sample was 19 People's Credit Banks (BPR) in the Jember Regency, which were selected using the purposive sampling method for the 2017-2018 period. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Based on the test results, it was concluded that the components of the Net Performing Loan (NPL), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Net Interest Margin (NIM) affect the profitability using the Return on Assets (ROA) ratio. This proves that Non-Performing Loans (NPLs), Loans to Deposit Ratio (LDR), and Net Interest Margin (NIM) can be used to measure how much income the Bank earns.
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Rahman, Md Ataur, Md Asaduzzaman, and Md Shakhaowat Hossin. "Impact of Financial Ratios on Non-Performing Loans of Publicly Traded Commercial Banks in Bangladesh." International Journal of Financial Research 8, no. 1 (December 8, 2016): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v8n1p181.
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This study investigates the influences of a set of financial ratios on non-performing loans and to show to what extent of listed commercial banks in Bangladesh. In this study, we applied an econometric model to find out correlations among financial ratios and a sample of 96 observations has been analyzed from 20 banks out of 30 listed commercial banks during 2010-2015. This paper mostly agrees with the existing literature that, credit-deposit ratio, net interest margin have a positive influence on the non-performing loans and capital adequacy ratio, return on assets have a negative influence on the non-performing loans. This research also reveals that, sensitive sector’s loan, priority sector’s loan have significant positive influence on the non-performing loans and unsecured loans, profit per employee, investment deposit ratio have significant negative impact on gross non-performing loan. The findings of this research would help commercial banks to maintain standard financial ratios in order to improve their loan qualities and it would be beneficial to the central bank to examine its existing policy in banking supervision relating to the ratios of regulatory requirements like capital adequacy ratio the banks shall maintain.
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Wanjala, Kevin, and Jane Njeri Gachanja. "Mr Bank Specific Determinants of Nonperforming Loans in Kenya." Business Perspective Review 2, no. 1 (June 18, 2020): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.38157/business-perspective-review.v2i1.118.
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Purpose: This paper aims to explore the bank-specific determinants of Nonperforming Loans in Kenya. To achieve this objective, the study considers four bank-specific variables that are expected to affect the magnitude of non-performing loans. These variables are bank size as measured by banks' total assets, loan-to-deposit ratio, capital adequacy ratio, and interest rates.
Methodology: The study used a causal research design. Aggregated data on all 43 Kenyan banks were collected from secondary sources. Time series regression was applied to the data.
Results: The study finds that there is a positive relationship between bank size and non-performing loans. It also observes that there is a negative relationship between loans-to-deposit ratio and non-performing loans. The study further observes that there is a negative correlation between capital adequacy ratio and non-performing loans in Kenya. Finally, the study establishes that there is a positive relationship between the interest rate and non-performing loans in Kenya.
Implications: The study recommends that banks should revise their interest rates downwards to enable borrowers to afford the loans and avert the cases of default. Banks should also invest in proper infrastructure for screening borrowers to avoid cases of loan default.
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Rosita, Maya, and Musdholifah Musdholifah. "Pengaruh Makroekonomi, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Loan To Deposit Ratio dan Pertumbuhan Kredit terhadap Non Performing Loan pada Bank Asing di Indonesia Periode 2013-2014." BISMA (Bisnis dan Manajemen) 8, no. 2 (February 27, 2018): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/bisma.v8n2.p124-143.
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The aim of this study was to understand the influence of macroeconomic factors in this research are exchange rate and inflation, while for the internal bank are capital adequacy ratio (CAR), loan to deposit ratio (LDR) and credit growth towards non performing loan (NPL). The data that used is quarterly data from financial statements of Foreign Bank in Indonesia period of 2013 until 2014. Data analysis method used is multiple-regression analysis. The results showed that there was a simultaneous influence of independent variables towards NPL of Foreign Bank in Indonesia. However, partially showed that CAR has a negative influence, the higher capital adequacy ratio, it can serve to accommodate the risk of losses faced by banks due to the increase in non performing loans. LDR has a positif influence, LDR shows expansion of bank loans made to measure current or whether bank intermediary function. LDR which leads to high risk of uncollectible loans to be high which will result in a non performing loans.
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KHAN, FAZLI RAHMAN, MUHAMMAD NISAR KHAN, and SAIMA UROOGE. "Non-Performing Loan and Financial Stability of Banking Industry in Pakistan." International Review of Management and Business Research 9, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/9-4(2020)-29.
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The objectives of this study to assess the state of financial stability of commercial banks in Pakistan and then estimate how good, bad and worst economic conditions would influence the stability. Our design of the study is a mix of techniques. Pakistan have not experienced financial crisis due to some shocks, therefore stress events and its effects not included in design. This study examines the effect of non-performing loans on financial stability empirically. Based on the above premise, this thesis investigates the association of financial stability with non-performing loans for all commercial banks of Pakistan for the period of 2014-2018. The study used the 27 commercial banks having 162 bank year observations. The study measured of financial stability (FS) through the financial leverage ratio and liquidity ratio using the common effect model. For the non-performing loans this study uses the non-performing loan ratio. Using secondary data that is panel in nature and applying panel data models for analysis, the study finds out that non-performing loans negatively associated with financial stability of commercial banks in Pakistan. Keywords: Loan, Finance, Banking, Stability, Pakistan.
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KHAN, FAZLI RAHMAN, MUHAMMAD NISAR KHAN, and SAIMA UROOGE. "Non-Performing Loan and Financial Stability of Banking Industry in Pakistan." International Review of Management and Business Research 9, no. 4 (December 7, 2020): 347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30543/9-4(2020)-29.
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The objectives of this study to assess the state of financial stability of commercial banks in Pakistan and then estimate how good, bad and worst economic conditions would influence the stability. Our design of the study is a mix of techniques. Pakistan have not experienced financial crisis due to some shocks, therefore stress events and its effects not included in design. This study examines the effect of non-performing loans on financial stability empirically. Based on the above premise, this thesis investigates the association of financial stability with non-performing loans for all commercial banks of Pakistan for the period of 2014-2018. The study used the 27 commercial banks having 162 bank year observations. The study measured of financial stability (FS) through the financial leverage ratio and liquidity ratio using the common effect model. For the non-performing loans this study uses the non-performing loan ratio. Using secondary data that is panel in nature and applying panel data models for analysis, the study finds out that non-performing loans negatively associated with financial stability of commercial banks in Pakistan. Keywords: Loan, Finance, Banking, Stability, Pakistan.
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Ben Salem, Salha, Moez Labidi, and Nadia Mansour. "Empirical evidence on Non-Performing Loans and credit frictions: banking sector in Tunisia." International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2020): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v2i3.191.
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Purpose: This paper explores the most important determinants of friction in the Tunisian credit market. The previous literature argued that friction is largely explained by the increase in Non-Performing Loans Nkusu, 2011; Abadi et al. 2014; Rulyasri et al.2017, Roland et all, 2013. Research methodology: We constructed a multivariate Vector Error Correction Model, with five macroeconomic variables (industrial production index, the money supply, money market interest rate) to examine the impact of Non-Performing Loans increase in amplifying the Tunisian credit frictions. Results: The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) regression results show a negative and important relationship between economic growth and Non-Performing Loans (NPL) ratio, which is very robust during the political crisis of 2011. The money market interest rate and the money supply are positively related to the Non-Performing loan ratio. Limitation: This study was only focused on Tunisian banking sector as one of the pillars of the Tunisian economy. Contributions: This highlights that the nature of the monetary policy adopted by the monetary authority of Tunisia plays a significant role in the fluctuation of the Non-Performing Loans ratio. Bank capitalization is positively and statistically significant with Non-Performing Loan ratio, implying that banks with a low level of capital are more likely to have a riskier credit portfolio that causes the increase of Non-Performing Loans in their balance sheet.
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Bayu Indrawan, Ida Bagus Made, and I. Wayan Pradnyanta Wirasedana. "Indikator Risk Based Bank Rating, Kinerja Keuangan dan Perusahaan Perbankan." E-Jurnal Akuntansi 31, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/eja.2021.v31.i03.p20.
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The research aims to prove empirically the influence of Non-Performing Loans, Loans to Deposit Ratio, Good Corporate Governance, Net Interest Margin, and Capital Adequacy Ratio on financial performance of banking companies listed on the IDX. Agency theory and Productive theory of credit are the theories used in this study. The study population is all Banking Companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2014-2018 totaling 45 companies. The research sample of 30 companies with non-probability sampling method with purposive sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The research results obtained by Non Performing Loans are considered negative, Loan to Deposit Ratio and Good Corporate Governance are not approved and are significant, Net Interest Margin and Capital Adequacy Ratio have positive and significant effect on financial performance.
Keywords: Non Performing Loan; Loan to Deposit Ratio; Good Corporate Governance; Net Interest Margin; Capital Adequacy Ratio; Financial Performance.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Non-Performing Loans Ratio"
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Cheng, Hsin-Ming, and 鄭新民. "An Empirical Study on Affecting Non-performing Loans Ratio of Banking Business Characters." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48392081101856962741.
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碩士淡江大學
管理科學研究所企業經營碩士在職專班
94
The non-performing loans ratio, which represents a customer’s inability in repaying the principal and paying off interest to the bank, has been frequently referred as one of the important indexes for loan quality. This paper is conducted in a way of quantitative analysis using data published by Taiwan Banking Industry over the past three years. The paper is to examine the relationship between the non-performing loans ratio and important factors: capital structure of the bank, loan category, interest rate, related revenues and etc. by multiple regression analysis. The purpose of the study is to provide bank employees reference in relation to the key factors affecting the non-performing loans ratio when making credit appraisal and loan decisions. The empirical results of my study are as followings: 1.For the credit type (including consumer loan, small and medium enterprise loan, middle/long term loan and credit card loan), the empirical result presents that credit type has little connection with non-performing loans ratio. As long as bank employees can follow the Five Credit Administration Principles and process the credit appraisal carefully, banks can avoid losses caused by borrowers with poor finance structure, time risk and risk driven by law of large numbers of consumer loan. Banks can increase profits if bank employees always devote themselves to reduce the non-performing loans ratio and commit themselves to develop banking business. 2.There is no statistically significant relationship between the amount of credit card using revolving credit and non-performing loans ratio. Banks normally assume a higher risk of credit card loan by charging customers high interest rate (approx. over 15%). Thus, non-performing loans ratio of credit card loan tends to be higher. Based on the empirical result of year 2004, the amount of credit card using revolving credit and non-performing loans ratio are not significantly related. This indicates that the non-performing loans ratio of credit card loan remains in a reasonable range because banks control their credit card business effectively and successfully.
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Chien-liang, Wu, and 吳建良. "The Effects of Capital Adequacy and Non-performing Loans Ratio on Bank’s Financial Performance." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68241923943094625006.
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碩士世新大學
經濟學系
92
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the risk management and financial crisis in Taiwan’s local bank industry. Three variables are considered in this study, including financial crisis (i.e. non-performing loans ratio and IR index), the risk management (i.e. the CA ratio and price to book ratio) and the operation situation of banks (i.e. the ROA, ROE, Profit Margin, EBIT and EPS).We also use the operation scope, time, elements and government’s policy as control variables. The empirical samples are collected from 34 listed banks located in Taiwan’s area. The sample period is from 1995 to 2002. Using Panal Data model, this study finds some interesting results, and the main finding as following: To analyze the relationship between CA ratio and banks’ financial achievement index, they are positively related and significant i.e. the higher (lower) the CA ratio the better (worse) the financial achievement index of a bank. For the CA ratio of banks’ controlling, these two ratios were negatively related and significant i.e. the higher (lower) the CA ratio the worse (better) the financial achievement indicates of a bank after being controlled. The relationship between insolvency-risk index and banks’ financial achievement index show that the higher (lower) the insolvency-risk index the better (worse) banks’ financial achievement index after making all operation of bank open to public access or use. They show positively related and significant. The relationship between non-performing loans ratio and banks’ financial achievement index show that these two ratios were negatively related and insignificant. For this reason the lower (higher) the non-performing loans ratio the higher (lower) the banks’ financial achievement index of a bank. The relationship between price to book ratio and banks’ financial achievement index show that the higher (lower) price to book ratio the better (worse) the banks’ financial achievement index. They are positively related but insignificant. For the policy of government (the center government required all banks’ non-performing loans index must reduce to fewer than 5%), the non-performing loans index and the financial achievement index of a bank were negatively related and significant. In the other words, the financial achievement index became negative because all banks wrote-off bad debts strikingly in matching the policy of government.
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Wu, Wei-Lun, and 吳維倫. "Determinants of the Non-performing Loans Ratio in Taiwan: (Privatized Government Banks versus Private Banks)." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/36uv57.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
經濟學研究所
103
The Banking Act of The Republic of China was revised in 1989. On the one hand make full liberalization of bank interest rates, on the other hand allow the establishment of private banks, letting new competitors entered the market. However, this also turned financial environment in Taiwan into a highly competitive situation. Due to the small market, small scale of Taiwan’s banks, lacking heterogeneity of the product and talent … the banks were unable to support innovation, leading all businesses are concentrated in corporate banking, retailing banking or mortgage business. Serious price competition between each other continued to narrow the interest rate spread. In order to win customers in such situation, banks will tend to lower credit standards, and then push up the ratio of non-performing loans. The stability of financial institutions will affect a nation''s economic, thus this study expect to use some quantitative indicators to summarize the cause of non-performing loans ratio in Taiwan, giving some suggestions to government concerned and banks in Taiwan. This study collected the first quarter of 2007 to the third quarter of 2014 of the commercial banks (private banks and privatized government banks) in Taiwan as study sample. Also, the model used for analysis is panel data model. Empirical results indicate that in financial ratios, the non-performing loans ratio are positive correlated with deposit loan ratio, capital adequacy ratio is negatively correlated with non-performing loans ratio, coverage ratio is negative correlated with non-performing loans ratio.As for the operating characteristics, earning from OBU plus overseas branches is not statistical significant, SME loans ratio presents negative correlation, while the loan market share shows significant negative correlation . As for corporate governance, directors and major shareholders pledge ratio presents negative correlation, manager shareholding ratio presented positive correlations, members of independent director presents significant negative relationship. Finally, as for economic indicators, GDP growth rate is not statistically significant, the unemployment rate presents positive correlation, financial and insurance accounted for the GDP ratio shows significant positive correlation.
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CHIEN, MIN-LUN, and 簡民倫. "The Correlation between Legal Person Directors and the Non-Performing Loans Ratio and Capital Adequacy Ratio in Banking Industry." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6q6hvs.
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碩士國立中正大學
會計資訊與法律數位學習碩士在職專班
107
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the legal person director system and corporate governance, whether affects the Non-performing loan ratio and the capital adequacy ratio variable for the Banking industry. The research sample include the domestic bank from 2008 and 2017. The final sample number is 305 observations. The multiple regression analysis method is used to test the relevant hypothesis. The research results show that: 1.The number of legal person directors has a significant positive correlation with the Non-performing loan ratio and a significant negative correlation with the capital adequacy ratio. 2.The legal person directors of private banks have a significant positive correlation with the Non-performing loan ratio and the capital adequacy ratio. 3.There is a significant negative correlation between the academic director's academic qualifications and the Non-performing loan ratio, and a significant positive correlation with the capital adequacy ratio. 4.The legal person shareholding ratio is significantly positive to the capital adequacy ratio, but isn’t significant to the Non-performing loan ratio. The results of the empirical analysis in this paper hope to help clarify whether the legal person director system can implement corporate governance and improve the efficiency of the company's operations to provide reference for the supervisory authority.
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Chen, Chia-Lin, and 陳佳琳. "The influence of Macroeconomics,Bank-characteristics and Check Deposit to the Bank-Non Performing Loans Ratio." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40895925164500845942.
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碩士國立中正大學
財務金融系研究所
105
Banks as the blood of the national economy, so that all economic behavior can flow, but the banking industry is much more profitable than the quality of the audit of the loan, resulting in the last century, the overall banking industry over the high rate, and into the 21st century , The financial industry began to carry out a series of reforms, in addition to the ratio of more than half of the ratio to change the general ratio, but also to the banking industry through the establishment of gold control to engage in diversified investment business, the impact of bank lending factors, It is not only related to the spread of the spread or the amount of commitment, may also be related to the overall economy or bank deposits, such as check deposits have a correlation, so the study taken from 2004 to 2016 a total of 13 years in Taiwan, the overall bank , The overall score of the domestic economy strategy, the Taiwan pain index, the overall bank lending balance growth rate in Taiwan, the overall bank deposit interest spread in Taiwan, the total bank check deposit in Taiwan and the monthly growth rate of monthly data for the study, To explore the relationship between the general bank and the above six variables. The empirical results show that there is a significant positive correlation between the comprehensive score of the domestic economic strategy, the growth rate of the loan balance and the interest rate of the deposit and the generalized ratio. The growth rate of the check deposit is significantly negatively correlated. The growth rate of the pain index and the check deposit balance There is no significant correlation, but the growth rate of the balance of the first tranche is lower than that of the generalized ratio after the regression of the independent variables and the generalized regression analysis. The check deposit is the amount of the deposit. Often need to advance in advance, resulting in changes in the balance of the balance of checks on the generalization of the relevance of its deferred, its influence to be a period after the fermentation, the other is different from the same period and backward one back to the model, And the regression results of the first-order difference independent variables, the variability of the respective variables are not significantly related to the number of variables.
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Hung, Jui-Sheng, and 洪瑞生. "The study on how the rate of non-performing loans and coverage ratio are related to bank’s operating performance." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99341519842888794589.
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碩士淡江大學
財務金融學系碩士在職專班
98
Banking is important as a financial intermediary, it gets profits through the asset conversion. Its main loan activity is the claims on credit assets, and the interest income is the most important profit of all. In the relevant literatures, the quality of credits may be related to the operation performance. Therefore, for the EPS, ROA and ROE of Banks, we use the Overdue Loan ratio and the Bad Debts-Overdue Loan ratio as the variables of the model to discuss if the quality of credits and the operation performance are related, and intend to find the balance between the maximum profit and risk control. Utilizing the panel smooth transition regression model developed by Gonza’lez, Teräsvirta and Dijk (2004-2005), The main empirical finding as below： 1.When the Bad Debts-Overdue Loan ratio is relatively low, it will reduce the efficiency of banking operations and decreases the EPS. 2.When the Bad Debts-Overdue Loan ratio is higher than the conversion ratio, it is a negative correlation between the Overdue Loan ratio and the EPS. 3.When the Bad Debts-Overdue Loan ratio is relatively high, and the Overdue Loan ratio is also high, it will reduce the efficiency of banking operations. 4.When the Overdue Loan ratio is relatively low, and we raise the Bad Debts-Overdue Loan ratio, it will reduce the EPS, ROA and ROE. It is a negative correlation to the operation performance. 5.Given that the quality of credits is good, if the Overdue Loan ratio is relatively low, it will improve the operation performance by decreasing the debt ratio and increasing the loan ratio, and make the EPS and ROE are negatively related to debt ratio. 6.In asset size, the Overdue Loan ratio is positively related to the ROA only when it is too high. 7.Among the financial and the electronic stock, when the turnover rate is low, it is negatively related to the return；and when the turnover rate raises, it becomes positively related to the return.
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Lai, Yi-Fen, and 賴一芬. "The Effects of Non-Performing Loans Ratio on Bank''s Operational Performance-A Case Study of Taiwan Business Bank." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91978817839906616127.
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碩士淡江大學
國際商學碩士在職專班
100
After financial liberalization, the opening of private banks, and revisions to financial regulations, competition in the domestic banking industry and for domestic bankers has become increasingly fierce, with an increasingly harsh business environment. This has reduced bank spreads and loosened credit conditions, thereby increasing non-performing loans (NPL) ratios, causing low asset quality, and further placing banks in danger of financial collapse. In this study, we investigate the influence of NPL ratios on bank performance. Our case subject is the Taiwan Business Bank, which was restructured as a private bank in 1998. The research period is from one year prior to privatization to 2010 to determine whether NPL ratios influenced this bank’s performance. In this study, we use data envelopment analysis, which has had high credibility for assessing banking efficiency in recent years, to measure the performance of the case bank. We also employ the Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (CCR) and Banker, Charnes, and Cooper (BCC) models and the Malmquist productivity index to analyze cross-sectional operational efficiency and longitudinal productivity changes and investigate the correlation between reasons for inefficiency and NPL ratios. We adopt an intermediate approach to select input and output variables. The input variables are deposits and equity. The output variables are NPL ratios and loans. We employ relative efficiency, reference set, and slack variables analyses to distinguish relatively efficient years and to understand areas that require improvement from the inputs and outputs of the relatively inefficient years. The results of this study indicate that NPL ratios influenced the performance of Taiwan Business Bank substantially during the research period. Regarding the bank’s long-term business objectives, reducing NPL ratios is a top priority. Banks have numerous methods for reducing NPL ratios, such as setting current surpluses against bad debt losses and increasing loan volume to increase denominator numbers. However, these methods all have negative effects on bank performance, such as profit derogation and increases in NPL ratio risk. Thus, to reduce the influence of NPL ratios on operational risk, banks should continue to start with credit policies, or strengthen available capital to adjust risky asset ratios. These are more sound practices.
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Su, Hung-hsi, and 蘇鴻璽. "The Impact of Macroeconomic Factors on the Non-Performing Loans Ratio of Domestic Banking Industry: Evidence from the Global Financial Crisis." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80230220873601947499.
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碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
金融研究所
100
This study investigates the impact of macroeconomic factors on non-performing loans (NPL) ratio of domestic banks. Additionally, this study uses the dummy variable to examine if a structural change concerning the influence of macroeconomic factors on the NPL ratio has occurred during the global financial crisis. The empirical results indicate that the unemployment rate and the weighted average interest rates of five banks have a significant and positive impact on the NPL ratio of domestic banks. This study also found that both the M1B and the total scores of monitoring indicators have a significant negative correlation with the NPL ratio. Finally, the influence of the unemployment rate, M1B and the weighted average interest rates of five banks on the NPL ratio seems to be more significant during the global financial crisis.
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Chen, Hsin-Hung, and 陳信宏. "A Study on the Variance of Non-performing Loan Ratios between Metropolitan and Non-metropolitan Housing Loans." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j6zgvd.
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碩士銘傳大學
財務金融學系碩士在職專班
96
The traditional 5P model of credit authorization by the banking industry is susceptible to influence by the credit evaluator''s subjective opinions. On the other hand, the more objective quantitative rating models often ignores the location factor of the object under consideration, especially the difference between metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas. The present paper adds geographical variable to the rating model generally employed by banks in credit evaluation to assess the impact of geography on non-performing loan ratios, so that banks may be able to estimate the possibility of default by loan customers more accurately. This paper uses data from a bank with housing mortgage cases that completed loan processing between 2003 and 2005 as the population, with a random sample of size 1,484, and performs a backward stepwise logistic regression empirical analysis. The results show that the loan customer''s probability of default is positively correlated with the collateral loan-to-value and relative contract rate, but negatively correlated with the size of loan. Moreover, the probability of default associated with objects located in metropolitan areas is significantly lower than in non-metropolitan areas, other factors being equal. In addition, since competition among banks is generally more intense in metropolitan areas, underestimation of default probability is more likely to happen. However, lowering the threshold for determining default can reduce the risk of misjudging actually defaulting target as lendable target.
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Chi-Chuan, Chang, and 張綺娟. "Factors Influencing the Non-performing Loan Ratios." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28190615742028074571.
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碩士國立交通大學
經營管理研究所
93
This paper studies 43 banks from Taiwan during the 1999-2004 period. The panel data regression and Wilcoxon rank sum test are used to analyze the factors influencing non-performing loan (NPL) ratios of Taiwan’s commercial banks. We compare the NPL ratios between banks controlled and not controlled by financial-holding companies, held and not held by the government, and established before and after 1990. Our major findings are as follows: (1) The effects of economic growth rate, loan at consumer ratio, real asset size ranking, and capital adequacy ratio on NPL ratio are significantly negative. (2) The effects of loan ratio to small- and medium-sized enterprises and bank age on NPL ratios are significantly positive. (3) Other things being equal, control by financial holding company significantly helps reduce NPL ratios. (4) Relaxing the definition of NPL to general NPL will not change our major findings.
Books on the topic "Non-Performing Loans Ratio"
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De Laurentis, Giacomo, Eugenio Alaio, Elisa Corsi, Emanuelemaria Giusti, Marco Guairo, Carlo Palego, Luca Paulicelli, et al. Rischio di credito 2.0. AIFIRM, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2016ppa00030.
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The EBA Guidelines on loan origination and monitoring (hereinafter "GL LOM") undoubtedly represent a substantially new piece of the banking regulatory framework. In fact, for the first time, the regulator moves into a topic that was traditionally outside the scope of financial regulation, so far almost exclusively focused on aspects directly linked to both micro- and macro-prudential stability, notably through capital and liquidity management requirements and guidelines on Business Model and Internal Governance. The credit management process, and in particular loan origination and monitoring, has always been typically considered as a business issue under sole responsibility of banks, as it is considered one of the "core" processes (if not the "core" process) of the banking business. As a matter of fact, since the issue of the capital requirement regulation (i.e., Basel II and Basel III), and the introduction of the use requirements for the rating systems, the regulator moved very close, but not yet, to prescribe specific credit assessment criteria, while dictating methodological and organizational requirements for the authorization of the rating systems, and leaving substantial freedom to banks to define their own models and embedded assessment criteria and indicators. With the GL LOM, the regulator takes a further step, remarkably beyond its traditional remit, dictating principles and rules for the evaluation of the credit quality of borrowers. The starting point for this new approach from the regulator can be found in the ECB guidelines on Non-Performing Loans, later endorsed by the Bank of Italy Guidelines for Less Significant Banks, aimed at encouraging banks to define their NPL management processes and establish reduction plans to achieve NPL ratio targets in line with the regulator's expectations. Consistently with the focus on NPL, the regulation on Calendar Provisioning, amending the CRR was issued; as being a Regulation, it involves all banks, and not only significant ones (for which the ECB Addendum also applies). In addition, the new definition of default (the so-called "new Dod") has defined stricter criteria for the transition of exposures to the default status and also made the return of "cured" exposures to the performing status more difficult. The combined effect of these regulatory changes has been to make the default of counterparties not only more probable but also much more "expensive" for the banks. The natural “next step” of these regulatory changes was to "move backward" into the management process covering loan origination and monitoring . The EBA's stated objective with the issuance of the GL LOM is to define "robust and prudent" standards of lending practices so as to maintain a low level of NPLs in the future. Therefore, the focus of the GL LOM is the definition of requirements (some outlined as prescriptions, others in terms of principles) for the creditworthiness assessment of counterparties and for the management of the related data and information. Notwithstanding the fact that the Final Report has articulated the principle of proportionality much more clearly as compared to the Consultation Paper, the GLs set out three macro-categories of counterparties for which specific requirements are defined: • Individuals • Micro and small businesses • Medium and large companies. The GL LOM also provide recommendations about the valuation of guarantees both at origination and during ongoing monitoring, encouraging the use of advanced statistical models. The GL LOM focus on real estate guarantees, while financial collateral is outside the scope of the GL LOM. In the mind of the regulator, the GL LOM should not only reflect industry practices, but also incorporate the latest supervisory guidance on lending, and provide the stimulus to include ESG, AML/CTF and the use of innovative technologies into banking origination and, where applicable, monitoring processes.
Book chapters on the topic "Non-Performing Loans Ratio"
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Dinçer, Hasan, Serhat Yuksel, and Zafer Adalı. "Relationship Between Non-Performing Loans, Industry, and Economic Growth of the African Economies and Policy Recommendations for Global Growth." In Globalization and Trade Integration in Developing Countries, 203–28. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4032-8.ch009.
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The main purpose of this chapter is to evaluate the causality relationship between non-performing loans, industry volume, and economic growth and to provide some policy recommendations for global growth. Within this context, annual data of 16 African countries for the periods between 2001 and 2015 was taken into the consideration. Additionally, Dumitrescu Hurlin panel causality test was used to reach the objective. According to the result of this analysis, it was identified that there is a causality relationship between industry volume and economic growth. In addition to this situation, it was also defined that a decrease in economic growth is the main cause of the non-performing loans ratio in African countries. This chapter makes an important contribution to the literature. While considering these results, it can be said that to increase global trade economies of the countries should be improved and banking sectors should work more effectively. As a result, it will be possible to increase the living standards of the people and provide global growth.
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Eti, Serkan, Hakan Kalkavan, Hasan Dinçer, and Serhat Yüksel. "Predicting the Role of Islamic Banking on Sustainable Economic Development." In Handbook of Research on Creating Sustainable Value in the Global Economy, 146–64. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1196-1.ch009.
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This chapter aims to predict the future of Islamic banking in Turkey. Three different Islamic banks operating in Turkey were taken to the scope of review. Within this framework, six different variables that are important for the banking sector have been identified. The data of these variables in the 2010-2018 period were analyzed by ARIMA method, and six different models were established. As a result, it is predicted that Islamic banking will grow in the future, and its profitability will increase. However, the ratio of non-performing loans is expected to increase, and capital is expected to decrease. Therefore, Islamic banks should be more cautious in this growth process. In this context, it is important to conduct an effective credibility analysis of customers to be loaned. This situation has a contributing effect on the sustainable economic development of the country.
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Khai, Huynh Viet, Phan Thi Anh Nguyet, Phan Dinh Khoi, and Chu Van Nam. "How Credit Portfolio Diversification Affects the Profitability of Vietnamese Commercial Banks." In Corporate Governance Models and Applications in Developing Economies, 237–55. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9607-3.ch012.
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This study analyzed the impact of credit portfolio diversification on the profitability by using the data of 20 Vietnam commercial banks from 2009 to 2015. The results from feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) estimation show that the strategy of diversifying the credit portfolio increased the profitability of commercial banks. In addition, the study also indicates that the positive correlation of the ratio of owners' equity, credit growth, liquidity, assets, inflation rate with the profitability while the increase in non-performing loan decreased the profitability of these commercial banks.
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Yunita, I., and F. Hilmi. "Analysis of the effect return on asset, return on equity, non performing loan and loan to depositratio on capital adequacy ratio in Indonesian banks listed on Indonesia stock exchange 2013-2017." In Managing Learning Organization in Industry 4.0, 229–35. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003010814-42.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Non-Performing Loans Ratio"
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Alihodžić, Almir, and Anna Zielińska-Chmielewska. "THE FACTORS EFFECTING ON BANK PROFITABILITY: THE CASE OF BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA." In 4th International Scientific Conference – EMAN 2020 – Economics and Management: How to Cope With Disrupted Times. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eman.s.p.2020.41.
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This research includes all banks in Bosnia and Herzegovina and testing internal and external variables on bank profitability indicators. In addition, the profitability of banks in B&H is also influenced by the financial result of operations, which is determined by price and interest rate risk. The primary goal of this paper is to determine, through correlation and regression analysis, the strength and significance of external and internal variables on bank profitability in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research period covered from 2008: q1 to 2019: q4 on a quarterly database. Also, in this paper, the STATA 13.0 software package will be used. The following dependents variable were used: return on asset (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). The following independent variables were used: the growth rate of net gross/loss (GRNGL), the growth rate of non-performing loans (GRNPL), GDP growth rate (GRGDP), concentration ratio of loans of the largest banks in the system (CR Loans), concentration ratio of deposits of the largest banks in the system (CR Deposits), capital adequacy ratio (CAR) and loan-to-deposit ratio. The total number of observations was 48. The results showed that the significant influence on the dependent variables were the return on equity (ROE) and return on asset (ROA), which has been achieved by the following independent variables, such as the growth rate of net gross/loss, the growth rate of non-performing loans and concentration ratio of loans and deposit of the largest banks.
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Hapsari, Ira. "Moderating Role of Size in the Effect of Loan to Deposit Ratio and Non Performing Loan toward Banking Financial Performance." In 2018 3rd International Conference on Education, Sports, Arts and Management Engineering (ICESAME 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/amca-18.2018.96.
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Minghui, Jiang, and Zhang Xin’ge. "Research on the Influencing Factors and Paths of Non-performing Loan Ratio of Rural Commercial Banks in China Qualitative Research and Investigation Based on Grounded Theory." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education (EMLE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emle-18.2018.19.
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Sharples, J. K., M. A. Wilkes, D. W. Beardsmore, G. T. Melvin, and M. Jackson. "Further Studies of Multiple Co-Planar Surface Breaking Flaws for Cleavage Fracture." In ASME 2008 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2008-61071.
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In assessing the integrity of structures, complex multiple flaws located in close proximity to each other are generally characterised as one, larger, single flaw. Guidance for the characterisation of multiple flaws is provided in procedures such as R6 and BS 7910, which are routinely used in the UK and elsewhere in the structural integrity assessment of structures and components. For this approach to be valid, the characterisation process must be conservative. That is to say, the probability of failure must be higher for the characterised flaw than for the system of multiple flaws. However, previous studies showed that the current characterisation rules may be non-conservative under some circumstances, in particular under cleavage fracture conditions. A combined experimental and analytical programme of work has been undertaken within the UK in order to further investigate this potential non-conservatism for situations where the possibility of cleavage failure may have to be taken into account when assessing structures or components containing multiple flaws. Details of early stages of the analytical programme were reported at the 2006 and 2007 ASME PVP Conferences and comprised a number of finite element analyses to evaluate cleavage failure probability, via a Master Curve-based approach, for interacting twin flaws and the corresponding characterised single flaw, under applied tensile and bending loads, at low temperatures. These analyses considered surface-breaking semi-elliptical flaws all having the same depth, but with four different aspect ratios. For each aspect ratio the separation of the twin flaws was varied. It was found that non-conservatism of the characterisation rules was indicated for flaws of high depth to length aspect ratio (a/c) in contact. This paper describes further work that has been undertaken to extend the results previously reported. The further work described has been centred on: • for the most onerous aspect ratio (a/c = 1.0) extending the experimental results to higher temperatures in the cleavage transition regime. • performing finite element analyses to complement these experiments. • revisiting the methods for calculation of cleavage failure probability to obtain improved agreement with the experimental results. • examining the rules governing the characterisation process, to determine if modification is necessary.
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Huang, John, and Kannan Subramanian. "Guidelines for Storage Tank Level 3 Fitness-for-Service Assessments." In ASME 2020 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2020-21309.
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Abstract This paper explores the application of the required loads while performing fitness-for-service (FFS) assessments on an in-service storage tank. Specifically, API 579 – 1, Level 3 FFS assessments involving finite element analyses are studied. In the authors’ experience, due to the absence of specific details about the application of loads within the design codes and post construction standards such as API 579 - 1, the chosen load application is purely at the discretion of the analyst. Often times, choosing one methodology over the other can result in non-conservative assessments. For example, in order to apply wind load pressure distributions on tanks and vessels for plastic collapse and buckling behavior, API 579 – 1 directs the user to ASCE 7 – 16 for wind load calculations. However, previous versions of ASCE 7 did not specify a circumferential pressure distribution for cylindrical structures which can significantly vary around the circumference of a large diameter storage tank. In addition, a few changes in ASCE in the recent edition affect the assessment of in-service tanks for seismic loads. The authors assessed various load cases on tanks of varying diameter to thickness (D/t) ratios and diameter to height ratios. The results show that the choice of loading can have a significant impact on the buckling characteristics of the tanks in-service. This is an attempt to develop some assessment guidelines to support the proposed Tank Assessment Section in a future Edition of API 579 – 1 Standard.
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Ardebili, Mahmoud K., Kerim Tuna Ikikardaslar, Erik Chauca, and Feridun Delale. "Behavior of Soft 3D-Printed Auxetic Structures Under Various Loading Conditions." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87859.
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Auxetic structures exhibiting non-linear deformation are a prevalent research topic in the material sciences due to their negative Poisson’s ratio. The auxetic behavior is most efficiently accomplished through buckling or hinging of 3d printed structures created with soft or flexible materials. These structures have been hypothesized to have some unique characteristics and may provide advantages over conventional engineering materials in certain applications. The objective of present study is to gain a better understanding of behavior of auxetic structures subjected to tensile, compressive and impact loads and assess geometric parameters affecting these structures in applications such as impact shielding or biomedicine. Analytical and experimental methods were employed to investigate two different types of auxetic structures which were 3d-printed with TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane). The first was based on symmetric re-entrant angles cells patterned to form sheet-like structure. Rotation of members in opposite directions in a cell induces negative Poisson’s ratio when the structure is subjected to tensile loading. The second structure was based on rectangular lattice of circular holes. This structure exhibited auxeticity due to formation of pattern of alternating mutually orthogonal ellipses when subjected to compressive and impact loads. Parameters of interest in this study included hardness of the plastic used in printing the structures, the fill pattern of 3d-printed solid parts, porosity of cylinders in the lattice structure, angles and thickness of members in the re-entrant structure. Preliminary results indicated that per unit weight of material, the re-entrant structure requires less tensile load to strain than a solid structure. This is advantageous in applications where expansion in lateral direction is required. The lattice of circular holes structure exhibited similar trend in impact and compressive loading. The results indicate that geometric parameters influence auxeticity of the structure a great deal. When the porosity of the lattice is too small, positive Poisson’s ratio is observed. The length to height ratio of the re-entrant cell has similar effect on the structure’s Poisson’s ratio. The main advantage gained by employing such structures is their overall ability to resist buckling and withstand impact load without cracking. This study will help to develop 3D-printing techniques in manufacturing better performing structures under similar conditions.
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Zarepoor, Masoud, and Onur Bilgen. "Cross-Well Actuation of Bistable Structures Subjected to Noise Disturbance." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3751.
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Large loads due to fluid-structure interaction can lead to high bending stresses and fatigue failure in wings and wind turbine blades. A solution for the mentioned problem is using a bistable composite laminate for load alleviation. A bistable composite laminate is capable of attaining two statically stable shapes, and it can be designed to alleviate a critical load, such as wind gust, by snapping from one stable position to the other. Piezocomposite actuators can be used to reverse the snap-through and bring back the structure to its original optimal aerodynamic shape, after the gust load is alleviated. However, there will always be a limit on the size of the piezocomposite actuator used; hence, severe force and energy constraints exist to achieve the snap-through. In this context, this paper focuses on the minimum required actuation energy for performing snap-through of a bistable structure. The paper shows how the required energy for cross-well transfer varies as a function of damping ratio and frequency ratio at specific harmonic force amplitude when the system is externally disturbed with a band-limited noise signal. A band-limited noise signal is chosen to model external/ambient disturbances. This paper uses the Duffing-Holmes equation as a one-degree-of-freedom representative model of a bistable structure. This equation is numerically solved to calculate the required energy for cross-well oscillation under different system and forcing conditions. Various non-dimensional parameters are used to highlight interesting phenomena. It is found that the domain of low energy regions decreases by increasing the level of noise.
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Tao, Joy (Xiaoya), and Lei Zhu. "Effects of Local Wall Thinning With Crack on Stress Intensity Factor for Pipes Subject to Combined Pressure and Bending." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93761.
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Abstract At ageing power plants, local thinning of pipework or vessel is unavoidable due to erosion/corrosion or other reasons such as flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) — one of the common degradation mechanisms in pipework of nuclear power plant. Local thinning reduces the structure strength, resulting in crack initiation from the corrosion pit or welding defect when subject to cyclic loading. General practice is to use the minimum thickness of the thinned area to calculate both limit load and stress intensity factor (SIF) in performing Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA) using Failure Assessment Diagram (FAD). Using the minimum thickness is normally overly conservative as it assumes that thinning occurs grossly instead of locally, leading to unnecessary early repair/replacement and cost. Performing cracked body finite element analysis (FEA) can provide accurate values of limit load and SIF, but it is time consuming and impractical for daily maintenance and emergent support. To minimise the conservatisms and provide a guidance for the assessment of locally thinned pipework or vessel using existing handbook solutions, a study was carried out by the authors on the effect of local thinning on limit loads. The study demonstrates that local thinning has significant effect on limit load if the thinning ratio of thinning depth to original thickness is larger than 25%. It concluded that the limit load solutions given in handbooks (such as R6 or the net section method) are overly conservative if using the minimum local thickness and non-conservative if using the nominal thickness. This paper discusses the effect of local thinning on SIFs of internal/external defects using cracked body finite element method (FEM). The results are compared with R6 weight function SIF solutions for a cylinder. A modified R6 SIF solution is proposed to count for the effect of local thinning profile. Along with the previous published paper on limit load it provides comprehensive understanding and guidance for fracture assessment of the local thinned pipework and vessel.
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di Mare, Luca, Mehmet Imregun, and Jeffrey S. Green. "Effect of Real Geometry on Compressor Performance Predictions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59824.
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This paper describes a computational study into the effects of casing distortions, caused by thermal and mechanical loads, on the performance of HP compressors. The unsteady flow solver is 3D, time-accurate and the CFD mesh can move to accommodate moving boundaries. Taking advantage of this feature, the deformed casing geometry is represented, in a novel fashion, as a radial nodal diameter wave in the rotating frame of reference, travelling at the speed of the shaft, but in the opposite direction. Such a model, where the casing rotates and the rotor is stationary, allows a genuinely-unsteady representation of the flow features for non-uniformly distributed tip gaps and does not rely on a quasi-steady assumption. The study shows that different bladerows are affected differently for similar casing deformations, the front bladerows showing a smaller overall effect, as well as smaller sensitivity, to pressure ratio. It is also shown that the worst performing rotor blade is not that associated with the largest tip gap because of a delay which arises from the finite time needed for the flow conditions near the casing to adjust to the changes in tip gap size and due to the additional time needed for perturbations generated near midchord to travel upstream and downstream. The findings indicate that the net efficiency deficit cannot be inferred from the study of simpler configurations with all blades having the same large (or small) tip gap. It is shown that bladerows are affected to varying extents and that the bladerow performance is related to the hade of the annulus.
Reports on the topic "Non-Performing Loans Ratio"
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Yani, Nor. PENGARUH CAPITAL ADEQUACY RATIO (CAR) DAN NON PERFORMING LOAN (NPL) TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS (STUDI KASUS PADA BANK BUMN). Jurnal Madani: Ilmu Pengetahuan, Teknologi, dan Humaniora, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.33753/madani.v1i2.18.
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